QUANTITATIVE REASONING PRACTICE TEST 1

QUANTITATIVE REASONING PRACTICE TEST 1

ANSWER KEY 1. D 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. E 6. B 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. C 11. B 12. C 13. B 14. B 15. C 16. D 17. A 18. B 19. B 20. B 21. E 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. D

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QUANTITATIVE REASONING PRACTICE T E S T 1 EXPLANATIONS

1.

D The first step in solving the problem is to determine the likelihood of each slots occurrence. Say, then, that the likelihood of each of the 36 regular slots is x. Then the likelihood of each of the two special slots (0 and 00) is 3x. To solve for x, we note that the sum of the probabilities for all 38 slots is 1, so: 3 1 1 . This means that the probability for each special slot is (or , but we 36 x + 2 (3x) = 1 and x = 42 14 42 wont reduce the fraction here because were going to add it to another in a moment). The probability that 9 1 1 (a) a red even number, will occur is 9 , or . The probability that (b) a red 23, will occur is . The 42 42 42 3 . So the probability that (a) or (b) or (c) will occur is the sum of these probability that (c) 00, will occur is 42 9 1 3 13 probabilities, + + = . 42 42 42 42

All of the other answers are designed to catch you if you make various simple mistakes. For example, answer choice C is designed to catch you if you decide that the denominator for each probability is going to be 38. The discussion above shows that this is not the case: there are 38 slots, but because 1 chance of occurring. they are differently weighted, none of them has a 38

2.

The implicit hypothesis of this question is that every painter paints a fixed amount of wall space in a day. Thus, the amount one painter paints in one day becomes our standard unit of wall space. The explicit hypothesis is that it takes 5 painters 12 days to paint our office, so our office has 60 times the wall space one painter paints in one day.
. An office with 50% more wall space therefore has 1 5 60 that is, 90times the wall space one painter paints in one day. The question boils down to, 90 days of work for one painter is how many days of work for 6 painters? This question is expressed by the equation: 6 x = 90 . Obviously x = 15 . It takes 6 painters 15 days to paint 1.5 offices.

3.

This problem is just one of setting up an equation. The area of a rectangle is its length times its width. If the shorter side of the rectangular field in question is x, then the length of the longer side is 2x. The equation for the area is then: x 2x = 648 or x 2 = 324 . Because this is a multiple-choice test, at this point you could square each possible answer if you did not want to find the square root of 324 explicitly. But just in case let us do the latter, more general method. First we factor the number, so first we divide it by 2, which yields 162, and then again by 2, which yields 81, so 324 = 2 2 81. It should be clear then that factored 324 is 2 2 3 4 , and so x = 2 3 2 , that is, x is 18.

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4. C

First of all, 4,200 5, 280 is 22,176,000, so the race is 22,176,000 feet. Every revolution of the front 22,176, 000 = 6, 300,000 tire carries the racecar 3.52 feet forward, so over this race the front tire revolves 3.52 times. Likewise, every revolution of a rear tire carries the car 5.28 feet forward, and so over 22,176,000 22,176, 000 = 4, 200, 000 times. Then, 6, 300, 000 4, 200, 000 = 2,100, 000 is the feet, a rear tire revolves 5.28 difference in number of revolutions.

5.

Robbys age will serve as our point of reference, and we will call it x. Bills age is 2x + 7 , and Kens x age is . The final piece of information is that Bills age is five times that of Kens, that is, 2 5x x 5 = 2x + 7 . So = 2x + 7 , and 5 x = 4 x + 14 . 2 2 Subtracting 4x from both sides we get: x = 14 . The question asks for Robbys age, and x was defined as Robbys age, so 14 years is our answer. Just for reference, however, Kens age is 7 (and therefore the trickiest wrong answer is D), and Bills is 35.

6.

B
2 , so the total portion of the student body that are women is exactly 5 two-fifths of the freshmen plus three-fifths of the rest. Since one-fifth of the student body is freshmen, the 2 3 2 1 3 4 fraction of all the students that are female is (freshmen) + (non - freshmen) = + . 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 12 14 Fraction multiplication gives us + , i.e. . This is the fraction of the whole student body that is 25 25 25 female. We will assume that everyone who isnt female is male, so the portion of the student body that is 11 14 , which is . To turn this fraction into the number of students, multiply it by the total male is 1 25 25 11 number of students: the number of male students is 600 . Dividing 600 by 25 yields 24, and 25 multiplying 24 by 11 yields 264, our total.

Forty percent is the same as

The trickiest of the wrong answers is D, which is the total number of female students. Although all of the figures are given in terms of female students, the question is in fact about the male students. The other answers are reasonable results if you make a couple of simple mistakes.

7.

To help us through this problem well name each of the people. Ms. A speaks all three, Ms. B speaks only Hebrew, Ms. C speaks only Aramaic, and Ms. D speaks only Greek. These four people fulfill the first portion of the hypothesis. The second says that there are three speakers of Aramaic who do not speak Hebrew. Ms. A, B, and D are not of these three, but Ms. C is, and so the other two, Ms. E and Ms. F, must also be Aramaic speakers who do not speak Hebrew. This limits the number of Hebrew speakers to two: Ms. A and Ms. B.

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8. D

The intuition here is that proportional enlargement of three-dimensional objects increases their volume as the cube of their linear (one-dimensional) dimensions. But if you were not confident in assuming this, you may have worked from the formula for the volume of a sphere in terms of its radius: 4 V = r 3 . The ratio the volume of a sphere with radius a to that of a sphere with radius b is then 3 4 3 4 3 a : b which, canceling, is just a 3 : b 3 . Dividing on both sides by the same quantity preserves a 3 3 3 a3 a ratio, so we may divide both sides by b 3 , and find that 3 :1, or : 1 is the same ratio. b b
864,000 We now plug in the actual numbers: a is 864,000, and b is 8,000. So our ratio is :1 or 8,000 1083 : 1. If you dont want to multiply out 1083 (the answer is 1,259,712), you can estimate it by realizing it is between 1003 and 1103 , that is, between 1,000,000 and 12,100 110 = 1 331,000 . This range is much , closer to 1,250,000 (answer D) than it is to 6,900,000 (answer E) or any of the other answers.
3

9.

For the most part, this problem tests your ability to solve fraction problems by finding a common denominator. You will save yourself a lot of time on this problem if you realize immediately that 1 1 2 1 3 1 2 + = + = = . So Jean spends half of her salary on food and other expenses, and of her 3 6 6 6 6 2 5 1 2 salary on rent. So her total expenses make up + of her salary, and by, again, finding a common 2 5 9 1 denominator we see that this fraction is in fact equal to . So Jean can save whats left, of her salary, 10 10 and to see what this comes out to in dollars per week, we multiply the weekly total of $175 by this fraction. 1 175 = 17.5 , so every week she can put away $17.50. 10 To see how long it takes her to save $200, you divide 200 by 17.5 with remainder. You get 11 with remainder 7.5. When you think about this expression, you realize that all it means is 11 17.5 is 7.5 less than 200. This means 11 weeks of savings is less than $200, but 12 weeks of savings is more than $200. So twelve is the smallest whole number of weeks in which she can save $200. If you werent sure about the theoretical aspects of division with remainder, however, you could have tested the possible answers from the key: she needs at least $200, so the eleven-week total of $192.50 will not be enough, but the twelve-week total of $210.00 will be, and so the answer is 12. To save at least $200, she needs 12 weeks.

10.

This problems first challenge is that it asks you to count pages: pages 23 through 41 includes 23 and 41, so it is not the same as 41 23 = 18 , but rather 41 22 or 19. Likewise, 56 through 78 are 23 pages. Im not sure why the section of the third chapter is described differently, but we will assume that effectively 114 to the top of 123 is the same as 114 through 122, or 9 pages. 19 + 23 + 9 = 51 pages total, so the 51 or 17. average number of pages is going to be 3

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11. B

The conditions given for x, y, and z seem more complicated than they are. All they tell you is that x is even, y is odd (since x is even and x + y is odd), and z is odd (since x + y is odd and x + y + z is even). So all you know about yz is that, being the product of two odd numbers, it is odd. The one thing it cannot be a multiple of, therefore, is an even number. Inspecting the various choices given, there is only one that is necessarily an even number, and that is x itself.

12.

The first thing to determine is the total width of the books on the shelf. The information given yields the following expression:
1 3 3 1 5 1 + 9 (2 ) + 8 + 1 1 + 20 inches of books . 4 4 4 2

After removing compound fractions and raising the multiplication to the numerator, we get:
8 3 1 7 20 1 5 5 + 9 2 + + + inches of books . 4 4 4 2

Multiplying through we get:

25 + 7 + 18 + 6 + 10 inches of books or 42 inches of books. According to the problem, these 42 inches 4 9 7 7 represent of the shelf, so (length of shelf ) = 42 inches . Therefore, (length of shelf) = 42 inches , 7 9 9 which is 9 6 inches, or 54 inches.

24 7 20 25 + 18 + + + inches of books . That is, 4 4 2 4

13.

The sum of any four consecutive odd integers can be expressed as (2x 1) + (2x + 1) + (2x + 3) + (2x + 5) where x is any integer, since negative numbers are also either odd 8x + 8 or even. This expression simplifies to 8x + 8 , and the average is therefore , or 2x + 2 . Looking at 4 the possible answers, then, the only one that fits is B. If x is a whole number, 2x + 2 will never be odd.

14.

We consider Tuesday, March 1, to be day 1 because the question refers to odd-numbered and evennumbered days. John cleans his apartment on day 1 and therefore, counting sequentially upward, he will clean it on every day whose number is one more than a multiple of five. He will jog every even-numbered day, so he will jog on days 2, 4, 6, 8, 10,.... He will clean his apartment on day 2 (Wednesday, March 2) and every day that is equal to 7x + 2 for some integer x. The first day these three patterns coincide is day 16, which also happens to be March 16, an even-numbered day. Day 16 is, of course, 15 days after day 1, so the correct answer is 15 days.

15.

John has to save at least $1.50 in order to make the trip worth his money. The amount he saves is $5. 99 $5.50 = $. 49 . Three record albums would be $1.47, which is too little; but four albums, saving $1.96, would be enough. Therefore, four is the smallest number of albums he may buy and actually save on the purchase more than he spends on the ride.

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QUANTITATIVE REASONING PRACTICE T E S T 1

16. D

The first thing to do is figure out how far Susan travels on each leg of her trip. If the total length of her trip on her map is 17.5 inches, and the length of the first leg is x, then one may solve the following equation for x:
x +
3 x = 17. 5 4

7 x = 17. 5 , and x = 10 . On the map, then, her path describes a right triangle with one 4 side of length 10 inches, and one side of length 7.5 inches. The hypotenuse of this triangle represents the shortest path from city A to city B, and its length is determined by solving the following equation for y:

This means

10 + 7. 5 = y (One may solve this equation explicitly, but the value of y is obvious if you recognize that this triangle is the same shape as a 3-4-5 triangle, but 2.5 times larger.) One way or the other, the value of y comes out to 12.5. So on the map, the length of the direct path from point A to point B is 12.5 inches. An inch on this map represents 24 miles in real life, so the direct distance from one city to another is miles 12. 5 inches 24 = 300 miles . inch

17.

One out of every m consecutive integers is divisible by the integer m. The wording of this question is difficult, so you might have thought the question was asking you to count N itself to get the correct answer. But it was not, so m 1 consecutive integers after N plus N itself are required in order to ensure that one of these integers, including N, is a multiple of m.

18.

You can simply enumerate the amounts of change you can make. Well use two categories: Amounts ending in five 25 (quarter) 35 (quarter, dime) 45 (quarter, 2 dimes) 55 (quarter, 3 dimes) 65 (quarter, 4 dimes) 75 (3 quarters) 85 (etc.) 95 $1.05 $1.15 So counting all the possibilities, there are nineteen. The answer is 19. Amounts ending in zero 10 (dime) 20 (2 dimes) 30 (3 dimes) 40 (4 dimes) 50 (2 quarters) 60 (2 quarters, dime) 70 (etc.) 80 90

19.

Mrs. Parsons total yearly salary before taxes is 52 $250 = $13, 000 . Of the first $10,000 she takes home $10, 000 (15% $10, 000) = $10, 000 $1, 500 = $8, 500 . Of the next $3,000 she takes home
$3,000 (20% $3,000) = $3, 000 $600 = $2, 400 . So her total take is $8, 500 + $2, 400 = $10, 900 .

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20. B

The average payoff of the game is 12.5, so on average if you play 160 times the total value of your prizes will be 160 12.5 = $20.00 . On average, the number of 50 prizes and $2.00 prizes awarded in 160 games will be the same, so we call this number x. A prize is awarded every game, so the total number of prizes is 160. We call the number of 5 prizes y, and the following equation holds:

x + x + y = 160 ,
that is, y = 160 2x . The payoff situation can be described by the following equation:
x $2.00 + x 50 + y 5 = $20.00 .

Manipulating this equation and substituting for y as per the equation derived above yields

x $2.50 + (160 2 x ) 5 = $20. 00 .

Further manipulation gives us
x $2.50 + $8.00 x 10 = $20. 00 ,

that is, x $2.40 = $12. 00 . We can now solve for x quite easily: x =

$12. 00 = 5 . Checking back to our $2.40 original assignment of variables, we see that x was the variable we used to represent the number of $2.00 prizes. (It was also the number of 50 prizes, but that is irrelevant now.) So the answer to the question is 5.

The most reasonable incorrect answer listed is C, 10. We could have solved this problem using one variable to represent the total number of $2.00 and 50 prizes, and another to represent the number of 5 prizes. This would have simplified the prize-count equation, but complicated the total-prize-money equation. Doing it this way, it would be very easy to forget that our first variable, which we would find out was equal to 10, had to be halved to get the correct answer, which is 5, and that 10 is not the answer.

21.

E
3 There are 3 = 27 three-digit numbers that contain only the digits 2, 3, and 4. The slow way to do this problem is to actually write them systematically (222, 223, 224, 232, 233, etc.) and divide each number by 3 using long division with remainder. If the remainder is 0, the number is divisible by 3. Count the dividends with remainder zero and you have the correct answer. The next fastest way to do this problem is again to write out all the numbers, but to realize that a number is divisible by three if, and only if, in its base-10 representation the sum of its digits is divisible by three. So now you dont have to do long division (the greatest sum you will find is for 444, the sum of its digits being 12). This is a very useful trick; it is a shame it only works for divisibility by 3 and 9, and not for 7, 11, 13 or any other odd numbers (even numbers, of course, have their own tricks, as do multiples of 5).

But really you want to avoid having to do anything 27 times, and the way to avoid this is to realize, given the digit-adding trick, that you can figure out some rules for when the sum will be divisible by three. If you have two 4s in the expression, you need another one to make the sum divisible by three. If you have two 2s, likewise you need another 2 to make the sum divisible by three. Finally, if you have two 3s, you need another 3 to make the sum divisible by three. So the only possibilities are (a) three of a kind (that is, 222, 333, and 444), and (b) one of each kind (234, 243, etc.). All instances of condition (a) and all instances of condition (b) work. Its plain enough that there are three instances of condition (a), but how many instances are there of condition (b)? If you know anything about permutations, you will realize that this is just the question of the total number of possible permutations of three elements, the answer to which is 3 = 3 2 1= 6 . If you havent studied permutations before, you can methodically list the possible arrangements of the three
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elements. You will find the same answer, there are six different occurrences of condition (b). Adding this number to the number of instances of condition (a) gives the correct answer, nine.
22. A

First you want to know how much the base rate for fertilization without the herbicide is. The answer is $10.50 $10. 50 = $7. 00 for every 1000 square feet. The discounted rate after 10,000 square feet of 3 $7. 00 fertilization is $7. 00 20% $7. 00 = $7. 00 = $5. 60 per 1,000 square feet. For 18,000 square feet 5 (again, without herbicide), the first 10,000 square feet will be at the first rate of $7.00, while the next 8,000 square feet will be at the 20% discount rate of $5.60. So the total cost of the material will be: 10, 000 sq.ft. $7. 00 per 1000 sq. ft.+8, 000 sq.ft. $5.60 per 1000 sq. ft., that is,
10 $7.00 + 8 $5.60 , which is just $70. 00 + $44. 80 , or $114.80.

23.

First lets look at the relative picking rates of Bert and Sam. If we call Sams speed x units here are largely irrelevant), then Suzannes speed is

apples (the hour

apples apples apples = (160%) x = (1 60 x ) . (1+ 60%) x . hour hour hour (We multiply by 1+(60%) because Suzanne picks 60% more, that is, the same as Sam plus 60% of Sam.) apples apples apples = (1 05 1 60 x ) . Berts speed then is 105% (1.60 x ) . = (1 68 x ) . hour hour hour
. . Sams output in 1.5 hours will be 1 5 x apples. Berts output in one hour will be 1 68 x apples. 1 68 x . Therefore Berts output will be times Sams, or 1.12 times Sams. Expressed as a percentage, 1 50 x . this is 112%.

24.

With 12 games played and 6 remaining, the season is 18 games long. In order to average 2.0 goals per game, the forward must score 2. 0 18 = 36 goals in the season. Hes scored 20 so far, so he needs 16 to score 16 more. With 6 games to go, thats an average of goals per game. Simplifying this 6 2 8 or 2 goals per game. expression we get 3 3

25.

D
1 $600 = $300 . Profit is 2 defined as (selling price) (cost) so whereas the manufacturer used to profit $300 on each machine, he now profits only $100 on each machine. In order to keep profits the same, he must sell three times as many machines as he used to. That is, he must sell 300% as many machines as before, or equivalently 200% more than before. The question is phrased in the latter format, so the answer is 200%.

The original selling price is $600, so the cost of making each machine is

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