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( 43)
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yckuLOD;cifarmifBuD;usL&Sifausmif;wkdYwGifwufa&mufynmoifMum;cJhNyD; q,fwef; pmar;yGJukd
1957ckEpS w
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f ;l jzifh atmifjrifonf/
1957wGif rEav;wuokdvf pwifynmoifMum;onf/
1950 oDwif;uRwftxl;xkwf rEav;NrdKU y[kd&fpnf owif;pmwGif ]0guRwfobif} uAsmukd
]uefNrJoufESif;}uavmiftrnfjzifha&;zGJU pmayavmuokdYpwifajccsonf/
1951txufArmEkdifiH pma&;q&mtoif;\ ]pmqkdawmf}r*Zif;wGif ]uefNrJeef;jrifhEG,f}
uavmiftrnfjzifh ]v,fxJuaw;oHcsKd} uAsmukda&;pyfonf/
1955-58 ]ukd&if*srf;}? ]pef;a&mif}uavmiftrnfcGJrsm;jzifha&;om;onf/
1958 azazmf0g&DrSp ]wifrkd;}uavmiftrnfukd pwifokH;pGJonf/
1958-59 rEav;wuokdvf uavmif&Siftoif;pmpOfpmtkyftrSwf(1)tjzpf ]zefrD;tdrf}
uAsmpmtkyfxkwfa0NyD; xkdpmtkyfjzifh 1959ckESpf pmayAdrmefqk&&Sdonf/
1963-67 txufArmEkdifiHpma&;q&mtoif; trIaqmiftjzpfwm0ef,lonf/
1965 rEav;wuokdvfu 0dZmbGJU&&Sdonf/ zefrD;tdrfpmtkyfwkdufukd wnfaxmifonf/
1966-67 vlxkowif;pmuAsmu@ t,f'Dwmtjzpfaqmif&Gufonf/
1967-87 wu o k d v f b momjyef E S i f h pmtk y f x k w f a 0a&;Xme pmjyKES i f h v uf a xmuf
t,f'Dwmtjzpf trIxrf;onf/
1967-84 tajccHynmoifkd;nTef;wrf;? jrefrmpmoifkd;tzGJU0iftjzpfausmif;okH; jrefrm zwfpm
pmtkyfrsm;twGufpmrla&G;cs,fjcif;? a&;om;jcif;rsm;vkyfaqmifonf/ q&ma&;om;onfh]u uav;
i,fcspfpzG,f} ]c ca&ukH; rav;NyHK;} tpcsD jrefrmoifykef;BuD;zwfpm? ]rr 00 xxu}? tu
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xdefvif;rSm trSefrkcs/
wifrkd;
31?10?1999
(tefYw0yf)
1970 ]xD;uav;eJYreD}uAsmpmtkyfjzifhtrsKd;om;pmayqk&&Sdonf/
1988 'Drkdua&pD ta&;awmfykHwGif wuf<upGm yg0ifvIyf&Sm;NyD; trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pD tzGJUcsKyf
wwfodynm&Sifrsm;tzGJUwGifyg0ifonf/
1991 ayzl;vTmr*Zif; t,f'DwmcsKyftjzpfwm0ef,lonf/
1991-95 ppftpkd;&\ zrf;qD;axmifcsjcif;ukdcH&onf/
- ukd&if*srf;&JU yef;vufaqmif (1958)
- zefrD;tdrf (1959) pmayAdrmefqk&
- avSwpfpif;ESifh oDcsif;onf (1963)
- tzkd;u0d uAsmrsm; (1964)
- tarhausmif; (1965)
- vlav;BuD;&if bmvkyfr,f (1966)
- yef;aps;cif; (1967)
- pdrf;vef;aom tdyfruf (1969)
- ydawmufrS o&zD (1969) trsKd;om;pmayqk&
- xD;uav;eJYreD (1970)
- qD;oD;onf rAsKdif; (1972)
- ckepfpifMu,f (1972)
- ESif;qDyGifhay: tdyfaysmfjcif; (1973)
- ysKd;cif;aw;oH (1973)
- ylpD (1975)
- yk*Hausmif;u acgif;avmif;oH (1977)
- ukd&if*srf; tprf;pm
- uav;uAsm yef;O,smOf (1977)
- uHhaumf&dyfrS tdyfrufrsm; (1997)
- uEm& ESpfrsm; (1998)ponfhpmtkyfrsm;xGuf&Sdonf/
1999wGif jynfyokdYxGufcGmcJhNyD;aemuf Ak'ESifhawGUqkHjcif;ESifhtjcm;uAsmrsm;(2000)? cGyfa'gif;
tvHac:&mok(Yd 2002)? opf&u
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zGJUonf/
1999-2007 jynfyokdYpwifa&muf&SdcsdefrSp jynfytajcpkdufAGDtkdat? bDbDpD(jrefrmykdif;)?
tm&ftufzfat? 'DADGbD? rkd;rc? acwfNydKif? {&m0wDtp&Sdonfh jrefrmtifwmeuf a&'D,dk
pme,fZif;rsm;wGif pmykHrSefa&;om;jcif;? uAsm&Gwfjcif;rsm;vkyfaqmifonf/
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tjzpf aqmif&Gufonf/
2002ckESpf tar&duefjynfaxmifpktajcpkdufvlYtcGifhta&;apmifhMunfhrItzGJU (Human Rights
Watch) rS Hellman-Hammett Grants qk csD;jrifhjcif;cH&onf/
2004 atmufwkdbmwGif e,fomvefEkdifiHrS pmayqkcsD;jrifhjcif;cH&onf/
2007 Zefe0g&D 22&ufaeYwGif tar&duefjynfaxmifpk u,fvDzkd;eD;,m;jynfe,f avmhpftdef*s
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19
V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 43)
jrefrmjynfyef;csDtoif;
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(1887-1927)
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20
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V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 43 )
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17-2-2013,Sunday
27
V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 43)
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28
V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 43)
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axmif0g'gwpfOD;u rif'Jvfvm; owif;pmwpfapmif zwfaewmudk
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35
V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 43)
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pum;qdkonf/
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jzpfonf/
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36
V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 43)
38