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1. Cilia
motility 5-20 m long shorter and more numerous than flagella beat with two phases
2. Flagella
motility 100-200 m long longer than cilia eukaryotic flagellum moves like a whip
3. Pellicle
a thin layer supporting plasma membrane in various protozoa not as strong or rigid as cell wall provides characteristic shape to cell
Epidinium caudatum
Pellicle of a mushroom
4. Cell Wall
rigid covering outside plasma membrane
variable compositions in eukaryotes
Algae - ? Diatoms - ?
Fungi - ?
5. Plasma Membrane
almost as similar as prokaryotes Fluid-mosaic structure greater variety of lipids, include phosphoglycerides, sphingolipids and cholesterol contains sterols that adds rigidity to plasma membrane
Plasma Membrane
eucaryotic membranes contain microdomains called lipid rafts
enriched for certain lipids and proteins participate in a variety of cell processes such as cell movement and transduction
(1) is standard lipid bilayer (2) is a lipid raft.
Nucleus
largest organelle in eucaryotic cell contains genetic material enclosed by nuclear envelope contains chromatin and nucleolus
Nucleus
Chromatin
dense fibrous material within nucleus contains genetic DNA condenses to form chromosomes during cell division mitosis/meiosis (refer Prescotts Microbiology pg. 92-94)
Nuclear envelope
double membrane (inner & outer) structure that surrounds nucleus has nuclear pores pores allow materials to be transported into or out of nucleus
Nucleus
Nucleolus 1 nucleolus per nucleus not membrane-enclosed important in ribosome synthesis
directs synthesis and processing of rRNA directs assembly of rRNA and ribosomal proteins to form ribosomes
Functions of ER:
major site of cell membrane synthesis transports proteins, lipids, and other materials to Golgi apparatus synthesis of lysosomes
Proteins synthesized by RER-bound ribosomes are inserted into ER membrane or into its lumen for transport elsewhere
Golgi Apparatus
membranous organelle made of cisternae stacked on each other dictyosomes
stacks of cisternae
movement of material
trans face