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Separateground,sea,andairwarfareisgoneforever.
GeneraloftheArmyDwightDavidEisenhower,1947

StreamliningDefense forthe21st Century

(Preparingforaustereinterwarperiodlevels ofmilitaryfunding)

DouglasMacgregor,PhD Colonel(ret)U.S.Army ExecutiveVPBurkeMacgregorGroupLLC +17039756954 Doug.Macgregor@BurkeMacgregor.com

BriefingOutline:

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1. Whatyoushouldtakeawayfromthis presentation! 2. Wheredowegofromhere? 3. TheISRStrikeManeuverSustainment Framework; 4. TooManyChiefs,toofewIndians; 5. Faster,FlatterC2forMoreTeeth,Less Overhead; 6. JointRotationalReadiness,thePathto Savings; 7. KeyRecommendations,Primaryand Secondary.

Whatyoushouldtakeawayfromthispresentation:

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Thispresentationoutlinesa Vision foracoherent,efficient nationaldefensestrategy; avisionforeconomyand effectivenesstheNationalLeadershipcanpresenttothe Americanpeople: Streamline:EliminatewastefulandredundantC2 overhead,andsupportstructures.Maximizeready, availablecombatpower! Simplify:SimplifyOperationalC2arrangementsusing theISRStrikeManeuver,SustainmentFramework. Unify:Integratecapabilitiesacrossservicelines. Whereverpossible,reduceredundantsingleservice warfighting structuresandC2alongwithsingleservice thinking,culture,modernization,R&D/acquisition.

BOTTOMLINE:Keepthemuscle,cutthefat!

TheFiscalCrisisandDefense:

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ThesubtlerealizationthattheUnitedStatesisinfiscalfree fallissinkingin,aneconomiccrisisthatbailoutsand quantitativeeasingcannotstop. In2013,thePresidentwillhavethreeobviouscoursesof action: 1. Donothing.LettheServicebureaucraciesandevents driveoutcomes(fewifany$Savings); 2. Tinkeronthemarginsofthestatusquo(modest$ Savings); 3. Leveragethecrisistoreduceoverhead,streamline defenseinvestmentandincreasecapability(major$ Savings).

Option3istheonlycourseofactionthatpromisesrealsavingsand constructivechange!

Meanwhile,beyondAmericasborders

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China:Stabilityobsessedleadersarefocusedonmaintainingrapid economicgrowthtocreateenoughjobsforChinas1.3billionpeople andkeepalidonunrest.Chinesesocietyisriddledwithcorruptionand asphyxiatedbytheevergreatereffortrequiredtoimposepolitical control.Chinasneighbors(Japan,Korea,Vietnam)fearandloatheit. MuslimSocietiesinNorthAfrica,MEandSWAareinmeltdown.The growingIslamistmajoritieswillstruggleamongthemselvesfordecades. AttemptstoremoveAssadfrompowerinSyriaarereinforcingIrans perceptionthatitneedsanucleardeterrent.Competitionforregional dominancewillpitTurkeyandIranagainsteachotherfordecades. Mexico,presentsanimmediateandgrowingthreattotheinternal stabilityandnationalsecurityoftheUnitedStates.Mexicoisinthemidst ofadrugwar,withrivalcartelsfightingforcontrolofa$30billionmarket forillegaldrugsinsidetheUnitedStates.

KeyPoint:U.S.economydemandsaustereinterwarperiodlevel ofmilitaryfunding.Meanwhile,externalconditionsrequireanew approachtotheexerciseofmilitarypower.

So,wheredowegofromhere?

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Agoodhockeyplayerplayswherethepuckis.Agreat hockeyplayerplayswherethepuckisgoingtobe. WayneGretzky; Thepointissimple:Teamswinbyidentifyingpatternsin thegamesevolution,patternstheycanleverage. However,patternsarenotabsolutesandadjustmentto leveragethepatternsisrequiredonthewaytovictory. TheUnitedStatescanlikewiseactnowtoinfluencethe futureofdefenseinvestment.Hindsightcanbeforesight ifviewedthroughtherightlens.

You can duck under the wave, stand fast against the wave or, better yet, surf the wave.
BillGates,Chairman,CEOandfounder,Microsoft,Inc.

StrategicImplicationsforNationalDefense:

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Thefiscalcrisisindefensespendingcreatestheopportunitytobotheconomizeandexpand

theNationsrangeofstrategicoptions.
ThePresidentandCongresscanreducecostsbybuildinga21stcenturyscalable,legolike

forcedesign,adesignstructuredandequippedfordispersed/distributed,mobilewarfare insideanintegratedISRStrikeManeuverSustainmentFramework.

TheISRStrikeManeuverSustainment Framework:

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TheFrameworkisnotjustabout things.Itsaboutintegratingexisting andfuturecapabilitieswithinanagile operationalframeworkguidedby humanunderstanding. Itsanintellectualconstructwith technologicalinfrastructure. TheFrameworkis thenextlogicalstep intheevolutionofwarfarebeyondthe adhoccoordinationofFederal Agenciesorcombinedarms,air groundcooperation,airseabattle, amphibiousandspecialoperations.
Singleservicecommandstructuresareobsolete. U.S.capabilitiesmustbeintegratedattheoperationalleveltodetect,deter,disrupt,

neutralizeordestroyopposingforces/threatsdecisively; ApplytheISRStrikeManeuverSustainmentFrameworkasamethodologyforinvestment planningandprogrammingasconstrainedbudgetscompelforceoptimization; Buildtheframeworkinsideareducednumberofregionalunifiedcommands.

TheProblem:Toomanychiefs, toofewIndians!

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WhileSiemensCEOPeterLoescher cut$2Billionfromoperatingexpensessincetaking overanddismantledabureaucracythatoncecontained200separatemanagementboards, heisntscrimpingonresearchanddevelopment(unchangedat5.1%ofrevenuein2010) oronengineers.Thisisnotoverhead,hesays.Thisisourcompetitiveadvantage.

DanielFisher,ForbesMagazine,9May2011,page98.

FromMarch1942toApril1945whentherewere11millionmenintheArmy andArmyAirCorpstheUShadonly4fourstargeneralstocommandthem: Marshall,MacArthur,EisenhowerandArnold.Howmanyfourstarsdowe havetodirecttoday'sActiveArmyandAirForce? Answer: 23FourStarsfor879,000soldiersandairmen. From7Decemberto31December1946whentherewere4,183,466million menintheNavytheUShad4fourstaradmiralstocommandthem:Nimitz, Halsey,Leahy,andKing,andtheMarineCorpsof800,000wasledbyathree star,Vandegrift,untilMarch1945.Howmanyfourstarsdowehavetodirect todaysActiveNavyandMarineCorps? Answer:10FourStarAdmiralsand5FourStarMarineGeneralsforacombined forceof402,000.

TheSolution:Faster,FlatterC2for thePostIndustrialEra
OneStarForce PackagesExistNow!

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DeputyDefenseSecretaryWilliamLynnsaidefficiencymeasuresmight mean"flatterorganization,fewerheadquarters,smallerstaff,generally moreefficiency"forthedepartmentYou'renotgoingtogetsavings likewe'reproposingherewithsimplytheeasiermoves.

NathanHodge,PentagonLooksToSave$100BillionOverFive Years, WallStreetJournal.Com, 4June2010.

Whatistobedone?Reduce Overhead!

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Simplifiedorganizationalstructuresthatemphasizeresponsibilityand accountabilityarethekeystosuccessin21st Centurycrisisorconflict. Therewontbetimeforapickupgameinafuturecrisisorconflict.By thetimetheU.S.getsitsoperationalconstructandC2actinorder, China(orotherfuturegreatpowers)willdefeatU.S.forcesandachieve itsownstrategicaims. TodaysC2structureisalegacyofWWIIandIndustrialAgeservice centricwarfare.JointTaskForceHeadquartersaresingleservice headquarterswithaugmentation. 21st CenturyWarfaredemandsforcepackagesorganizedaround maneuver(ground),strike,ISR(intelligence,surveillance, reconnaissance)andsustainmentcapabilitiesforemploymentunder JointForceHeadquarters.

SingleServiceC2insidetheRegionalUnified Commands:ExamplePACOM

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Failureinwarismost oftentheabsenceof onedirectingmindand commandingwill. SirWinstonChurchill

FlagOfficerTotals: FourStars:4 ThreeStars:15 TwoStars:35 Total:54FlagOfficers

Integrationwithinarelativelyflat, jointcommandstructureisavital stepinthedirectionofcombining groundmaneuverforceswith Strike,ISRandsustainment capabilitiesfromalltheServices.

Moreteeth,attheexpenseof Unneededoverheadandtail!
AfterConversion: FourStar:1 ThreeStars:6 TwoStars:30 FlagOfficerTotal:36
Note1:SOFJTFretained; Note2:OneStarsareexcluded fromthistotal

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MoreEfficient,EffectiveandAgileC2atLowerCost!

FiveregionallyfocusedJointForceCommands(JFCs); ServicesprovideonestarcommandedmissionfocusedISR,Strike,Maneuveror SustainmentcapabilitybasedforcepackagestoJFCsonrotationalbasis; DeputyCDRsforISR,Strike,ManeuverandSustainmentassistJFCCDRtoemploy missionfocusedcapabilityforcepackages; ReducedmultiStarheadquartersimprovestoothtotailratio.

$Savingswillbesubstantial!

NotionalPACOMRegional JointForceCommands

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SOUTH KOREA

JAPAN

THAILAND

PHILLIPINES

AUSTRALIA

JointRotationalReadiness: ThePathtoUnityofEffortand$Savings!

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Jointrotationalreadinessachievesseveral importantgoals: 1. ForceshabituallytrainasaJointTeam; 2. Deploymentsbecomepredictableimproving thequalityoflifeforservicemembers; 3. TheNationalCommandAuthorities(NCA) knowwhatforcesarereadytofight; 4. FundingforO&Mismanagedmore efficiently; 5. Howmanyandwhattypesofforce packages/modulesisamatterfordecision bytheNCA.

RecommendedActions:

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Youcannotwinthiswarbysittingstill! SirWinstonChurchill,1915
CompellingchangeinU.S.nationaldefenseistantamounttowar. Bold,newinitiativescansucceed.Movingtothepointofleast resistanceleadstofailureandnochange.

PrimaryRecommendations: DirectGAOorCRStoModeltheISRStrikeManeuverSustainmentFramework withJointForceCommandstructureinsimulation; Ensurethereportcontraststheframeworkscapabilitiesandcapacitiesto executeoperationswiththestatusquoforcestructureinarepresentative simulatedplanningscenarioorconflictvignette; DirectGAOorCRStoprovideanonclassified,aswellas,aclassifiedreport within90daysontheframeworkandcommandstructuretotheSenateArmed ServicesCommittee,theSecretaryofDefenseandthePresident.

KeySupporting Recommendations:

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1. AdvisethePresidenttoReviseBushExecutiveOrder13223datedSep 14,2001,OrderingtheReadyReserveoftheArmedForcestoActive DutyandDelegatingCertainAuthoritiestotheSecretaryofDefense andtheSecretaryofTransportation,rescindingSection2:

a) Sec.2. Toallowfortheorderlyadministrationofpersonnelwithinthe armedforces,thefollowingauthoritiesvestedinthePresidentare herebyinvokedtothefullextentprovidedbythetermsthereof: section 527oftitle10,UnitedStatesCode,tosuspendtheoperationofsections 523,525,and526ofthattitle,regardingofficerandwarrantofficer strengthanddistribution;andsections123,123a,and12006oftitle10, UnitedStatesCode,tosuspendcertainlawsrelatingtopromotion, involuntaryretirement,andseparationofcommissionedofficers;end strengthlimitations;andReservecomponentofficerstrengthlimitations.

2. FreezeallflagrankpromotionspendingDoD wideFlagOfficerreview, identifyFlagrankBilletsfordowngrade1ormorestarsandthosefor elimination; 3. DirectUnifiedCommandPlantoconsolidateCOCOMsintofiveRCCs Pacific,Atlantic(formerlyEUCOMandAFRICOM),Central,Northern andSouthernCommands; 4. Establishinitial3starJointForceHeadquartersatJointBaseLewis McChord.DeveloptemplateforJFCsacrossregionalunified commands.

TheBenefitsofChangein Defense:
Reductionsindefensespending providetheopportunityto implementthenewconstruct: PrioritizedCapabilityatCost; PredictableRevenueStream andJobCreation; JointOptimizedDefense Investments; RequirementsStability; ClarityinTechnology Forecasting IncreasedIndustry R&DROI; IndustryRapidTransitionto ProfitableProduction; Technologytransition stimulatingotherdomestic markets;

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ImplementingtheFramework compelsunityofeffortand strengthenscriticalinstrumentsof U.S.NationalPower: Military,DiplomaticandEconomic

BackupSlides

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Theprimarypurposeofanarmy tobereadytofighteffectivelyatalltimes seemedtohavebeenforgotten.TheleadershipIfoundinmanyinstanceswas sadlylackingGeneralMatthewB.Ridgway,TheKoreanWar,1956

Howdowealterdefenseinvestmentto leveragechange?
OldWWII/ColdWarIndustrial AgeStructure Sea Warfare

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PostIndustrialAge Structure MNVR andSUST 40%

Land Warfare

ISR STRIKE 60%

Air Warfare
New Operational Concept NewForce Design& Capabilities NewForce Development/ Management/ EmploymentParadigm

Strategic Assumptions

NewForce Missions

CriticalTasksfortheIncomingDefenseTeam: Aligndefenseinvestmentswithevolutionarytrendsintechnology,organizationand commandstructures; Aligndefensecommitmentsandmissionswithachangedstrategicenvironment; Optimizetodaysforceswithinthetrendlinestoguidestrategicinvestment/acquisition overtime.

Changeddefenseinvestmentpromises greateroperationalROI
OldWWII/ColdWar IndustrialAgeStructure
Relativesizesindicate ReturnonInvestment

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PostIndustrialAge Structure

Operational Impact

IndustrialAgeinefficienciesandduplicationsreduceoperationalimpactandperpetuate unsustainablecostexchangeratioswithopponents; OptimizingcapabilityatcostinsidethePostIndustrialAgestructuredramatically increasesoperationalimpactofeachdollarspent maintaining/increasingsecurityat reducedbudgets.

TheBCTversustheCombat ManeuverGroup(CMG)

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ThefutureArmymustbe survivable,effectiveandact asaJointenableracrossa rangeofalternativefutures. TheCombatGroupisaself containedorganizationfor combat;aspecialized moduleofcombatpower organizedaroundISR,Strike, ManeuverandSustainment. Acombatgroupisdesigned toStandAlonewithLTCs asprimarystaffofficrs inside aLegolikeJointForce Design. ThereareCGsformaneuver, strike,ISRandsustainment.

VS

(CSAplanstorestorethe thirdmaneuverbattalionto ArmoredandInfantryBCTs increasingtheirstrengthto roughly4,500men.)

ArmyReform:BuildingCombatGroups (CG)versusBCTsinsideDivisions
BCTs(Projected) InfantryBCT 13 ArmorBCTs12 StrykerBCTs7 TotalBCTs32 144,000Troops(Assumesroughly 4,500menperBCT) VS
TheBCTsarethereinforcedbrigades insidedivisionswithminormodifications atthebattalionlevelorroughly4,500 men. TheBCTsarerealignedwithdivisionand corpsheadquarterstorestoretheten divisionforcestructure,asmallerversion oftheColdWarArmythatemergedin 1992afterDesertStorm.

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CGs(ManeuverEchelon) LRSGs CMGs ICGs AAGs TotalCGs 4 20,600Troops 12 66,000Troops 735,000Troops 315,000Troops 26 136,600Troops

CombatGroupTypesinManeuver Echelon: LRSG:LightReconnaissanceStrike Group(5,150) CMG:CombatManeuverGroup (Armored)(5,500) ICG:InfantryCombatGroup (Motorized)(5,000) AAG:AirborneAirAssaultGroup (5,000)

WhattheFrameworkmeanstoU.S.National Security:

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TheISRStrikeManeuverSustainmentFramework (hereafterreferredtoastheframework)isdesignedto weldAmericanmilitarypowerinsidetheregionalunifiedcommandsintoacoherentwholeorganizedto copewithabroadspectrumofmissionsatatimewhenthesizeofgeneralpurposeforcesandthefiscal resourcestosupportthemisdiminishing. ItisawaytodisengagefromtheeconomicallyexpensiveWorld WarII,industrialageparadigmofland,airorseawarfareinfavorofintegrated,allarms,alleffects operationsbasedonmaneuver,strike,intelligence,information,surveillance,andsustainment(logistics). Theframework is thenextlogicalstepintheevolutionofwarfareandinteragencyactivitiesbeyondthe adhoccoordinationofindividualFederalAgenciesandServicebasedelementsofintegration:combined arms,airgroundcooperation,airseabattle,andamphibiousoperations. Insidetheframework operationsareharmonizedacrossservicelinesthroughintegratedC2,commonmissionpurposesor "effectsenabledbytherapidandwidedisseminationofcriticalinformation.Thetransitiontoflatter, permanentJointForceCommandstructuresontheoperationallevel,aswellastheoptimizationofforces andcapabilitiestomaximizetheirimpactisenabledbylongrangeprecisioneffects kineticandnon kinetic.TheseeffectsareachievedwithavastarrayofISRandStrike(fromSOFDirectActiontoCyber) assetsfromseabedtospace. Themain"sellingpoint"fortheframework changeinthewayconventionalforcesareemployedand developed mustbeoperationalefficiencies. Atpresent,thescrambletojustifyserviceequitiesand programs(manyofwhichinvolveredundantcapabilities),isleadingtoconceptualchaos,organizational turmoilandminimalsavings.Inresponse,theframework leveragesAmericastechnologicalandhuman advantagewiththeunderstandingthattheU.S.Militaryisclimbingthecrestofarevolutionarybowwave; awavethatcompetinggreatpowershavealreadyidentifiedandwillsurelysurfinthedecadethatlies ahead.