Civilization in Vietnam had been built on agriculture.

The feudal dynasties always considered agriculture as a major economic base, Vietnams fishing industry, which has abundant resources given the countrys long coastline and extensive network of rivers and lakes, has generally experienced moderate growth. In 2003, the total catch was about 2.6 million tons. However, seafood exports increased fourfold between 1990 and 2002 to more than US $2 billion, driven in part by shrimp farms in the South and "catfish",Petroleum is the main source of energy, followed by coal, which contributes about 25% of the countrys energy (excluding biomass). Crude oil is Vietnams leading export, Petroleum exports are in the form of crude petroleum because Vietnam has a very

limited refining capacity. Vietnams only operational refinery, a facility at Cat Hai near Ho Chi Minh City, has a capacity of only 800 barrels per day . Despite China's impressive economic development during the past two decades, reforming the state sector and modernizing the banking system remained major hurdles. Over half of China's state-owned enterprises were inefficient and reporting losses. China is the world's largest producer and consumer of agricultural products and some 300 million Chinese farm workers are in the industry, mostly laboring on pieces of land about the size of U.S farms. China is the world's largest producer of rice and is among the principal sources of wheat, corn (maize), tobacco,soybeans, potatoes, sorghum, peanuts, tea, millet, barley, oilseed, pork, and fish. Major non-food crops, including cotton, other fibers, and oilseeds, furnish China with a small proportion of its foreign trade revenue. Agricultural exports, such as vegetables and fruits, fish and shellfish, grain and meat products, are exported to Hong Kong. Environmental problems such as floods, drought, and erosion pose serious threats to farming in many parts of the country. The wholesale destruction of forests gave way to an energetic reforestation program that proved inadequate, and forest resources are still fairly meagre.[88] The principal forests are found in the Qin Mountains and the central mountains and on the SichuanYunnan plateau. Because they are inaccessible, the Qinling forests are not worked extensively, and much of the country's timber comes fromHeilongjiang, Jilin, Sichuan, and Yunnan. There is still a relative lack of agricultural machinery, particularly advanced machinery. For the most part the Chinese peasant or farmer depends on simple, nonmechanized farming implements. Good progress has been made in increasing water conservancy, and about half the cultivated land is under irrigation. China is well endowed with mineral resources,[91] the most important of which is coal. China's mineral resources include large reserves of coal and iron ore, plus adequate to abundant supplies of nearly all other industrial minerals. China's onshore oil resources are mostly located in theNortheast and in Xinjiang, Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Shandong, and Henan provinces. Oil shale is found in a number of places, especially at Fushun in Liaoning, where the deposits overlie the coal reserves, as well as in Guangdong. Light oil of high quality has been found in the Pearl River estuary of the South China Sea, the Qaidam Basin in Qinghai, and the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang. Major industries include mining and ore processing; iron and steel;aluminium; coal; machinery; armaments; textiles and apparel; petroleum;cement; che mical; fertilizers; food processing; automobiles and other transportation equipment including rail cars and locomotives, ships, and aircraft; consumer products including footwear, toys, and electronics;telecommunications and information technology.