APPENDIX 2F

Vessel Cooling Water

Discharge Analysis

PDX/073120002.DOC

TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM

Screening Level Thermal Plume Evaluation of LNG

Vessels Cooling Water System Discharges to the
Columbia River
PREPARED FOR:

Oregon LNG

PREPARED BY:

David Wilson, Senior Scientist, CH2M HILL

Brad Paulson, Modeler & Oceanographer, CH2M HILL

COPIES:

Mark Bricker, Program Manager, CH2M HILL

Gretchen Honan, Environmental Scientist, CH2M HILL

DATE:

September 10, 2008

Contents
Objectives and Approach .............................................................................................................1
Background ....................................................................................................................................2
Oregon Water Quality Standards for Temperature..................................................................2
Biologically Based Numeric Criteria for Protection of Salmon..................................2
Temperature Criteria and Human Use Allowance......................................................3
Antidegradation Policy....................................................................................................4
Receiving Waters Characteristics and LNGC Thermal Discharge Assumptions.................4
Results of Thermal Plume Modeling ..........................................................................................5
Summary ........................................................................................................................................6

Objectives and Approach

This screening level technical evaluation has been prepared to identify and evaluate the
effects of cooling water system discharges to the Columbia River from liquefied natural gas
carriers (LNGCs) docked at Warrenton, Oregon. Memorandum objectives are as follows:

Review the cooling water systems used by classes of LNGCs that would be unloading at
Warrenton148,000-cubic-meter (m3), 213,000 m3, and 266,000 m3 vessels.

Develop a range of receiving water conditions for the Warrenton site.

Develop and apply worst-case cooling water discharge scenarios for modeling.

Present the results of thermal plume modeling for the cooling water discharges.

Compare these results to Oregon water quality standards.

SCREENING LEVEL THERMAL PLUME EVALUATION OF LNG VESSELS COOLING WATER SYSTEM DISCHARGES TO THE COLUMBIA RIVER

Background
Ballast and cooling water systems vary between vessels, including vessels of similar size
and capacity. In general, most LNGCs under 150,000 m3 are steam powered and many of the
newer ships with capacities greater than 150,000 m3 are diesel powered. Most of the LNGCs
in the world fleet are 150,000 m3 or less, and are powered by steam.
Diesel- and steam-powered vessels differ in the amount of cooling water required. Steam
vessels require a large quantity of water to cool the condensers, even while the vessel is
docked at the terminal, because the vessel is still producing steam while docked. Cooling
water is also required for the ships equipment (e.g., generators), but at a much lower flow
rate. Diesel ships require cooling water primarily for the ships equipment. Diesel ships do
not use condensers. Therefore, the quantity of seawater required is substantially less for
larger diesel-powered ships.
The cooling water system operates independently of the ballast water system. However, the
cooling water system can, and sometimes will, use the same seawater intakes as the ballast
water system. Cooling water pump sizes and capacities vary from ship to ship.
A typical steam-powered vessel will use a large pump rated at 10,000 m3/hour for the main
condenser cooling water, and a smaller pump rated at 3,000 m3/hour for the ships
equipment. The total flow that is actually used is normally less than the maximum capacity
of the pumps; total use is 1,090 m3/hour for main condenser cooling and 1,300 m3/hour for
auxiliary equipment, or a total cooling water flow rate of approximately 2,478 m3/hour. In
comparison, the typical cooling water requirements for the new diesel-powered vessels are
expected to be 2,040m3/hour (e.g., 1,300 m3/hour for main condenser cooling and 740
m3/hour for auxiliary equipment).
According to industry sources, the water taken for cooling the vessels machinery is warmed
by 6 to 9 degrees Celsius (C) at the point of discharge. The degree of heating depends in
part on the ambient temperature of the water. Industry sources indicate that the change in
discharge temperature is expected to be 6.6C for steam-powered LNGCs and 8.9C for
diesel-powered LNGCs.

Oregon Water Quality Standards for Temperature

The applicable Oregon water quality standards for temperature are set forth in OAR-340041-0028 (Temperature) and in OAR-340-041-0053 (Mixing Zones). The temperature section
in these standards (OAR-340-041-0028) includes biologically based numeric criteria for the
protection of salmon species, implementation of the temperature criteria, and specific
human use allowance for insignificant additions of heat to water bodies.

Biologically Based Numeric Criteria for Protection of Salmon

The beneficial fish use designation for the Columbia River at the Warrenton site (River Mile
11) is salmon and steelhead migration. The biologically based numeric criterion for this
salmon and steelhead migration corridor use at RM 11 is as follows: a 7-day average
maximum temperature that may not exceed 20.0C due to human activities; and when
natural conditions exceed 20.0 C, no temperature increase will be allowed that will raise the
2

SCREENING LEVEL THERMAL PLUME EVALUATION OF LNG VESSELS COOLING WATER SYSTEM DISCHARGES TO THE COLUMBIA RIVER

receiving water temperature by greater than 0.3 C above the criterion after mixing in the water
body; nor shall such temperature increases exceed 0.3 C due to a single source or due to all such
activities combined. The proposed LNG terminal at Warrenton is isolated from other
potential thermal discharge sources by many miles along the river.
The lower Columbia River is listed on Oregons 303(d) list of impaired waterbodies for
temperature. In September 2002, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region 10
issued a Preliminary Draft Temperature total maximum daily load (TMDL) for the
Columbia and Snake Rivers. This preliminary draft TMDL identified the Columbia River
dams as the primary contributor to thermal loads in the river system, and no further drafts
or actions have been taken by EPA.

Temperature Criteria and Human Use Allowance

The water quality standards section on the implementation of the temperature criteria and
human use allowance for insignificant additions of heat to water bodies (OAR-340-0410028(12)) states the following: Prior to the completion of a temperature TMDL or other
cumulative effects analysis, no single NPDES point source that discharges into a
temperature water quality limited water may cause the temperature of the water body to
increase more than 0.3 degrees Celsius (0.5 degrees Fahrenheit) above the applicable criteria
after mixing with [a maximum of] either twenty-five (25) percent of the stream flow, or the
temperature mixing zone, whichever is more restrictive. Assuming that the LNGC
discharge of cooling water will be treated as a NPDES point source, then the cooling water
discharge would not be allowed to cause the temperature of the water body to increase
more than 0.3C (0.5F) at the boundary of a defined temperature mixing zone.
The temperature standards section on implementation of the temperature criteria and
human use allowance also specifies that point sources must be in compliance with the
additional mixing zone requirements in OAR-340-041-0053(2)(d). Section OAR-340-041-0053
(Mixing Zones) of the Oregon water quality standards defines Temperature Thermal Plume
Limitations. These additional temperature standards apply in proximity to thermal point
sources (including within mixing zone boundaries), and they include the following:

Impairment of Active Salmon SpawningPrevented by limiting potential fish

exposure to temperatures of 13C or less if salmon or steelhead are spawning near the
location. (Not applicable to Warrenton site because there are no spawning areas.)

Acute Impairment of Instantaneous LethalityPrevented by limiting potential fish

exposure to temperatures of 32C or more to 2 seconds. (Not applicable to LNGC discharge
because no discharge temperatures approach 32C.)

Thermal ShockPrevented or minimized by limiting potential fish exposure to

temperatures of 25C or more to less than 5 percent of the cross-section of 100 percent of
the 7Q10 low flow of the water body.

Migration BlockageUnless the ambient temperature is 21.0C or greater, migration

blockage is prevented or minimized by limiting potential fish exposure to temperatures
of 21C or more to less than 25 percent of the cross section of 100 percent of the 7Q10 low
flow (the 7-day period with the lowest river flow with a recurrence interval of 10 years)
of the water body.
3

SCREENING LEVEL THERMAL PLUME EVALUATION OF LNG VESSELS COOLING WATER SYSTEM DISCHARGES TO THE COLUMBIA RIVER

The thermal shock and migration blockage conditions have been evaluated with the thermal
plume modeling and the results provided show no LNGC discharge would violate these
conditions.

Antidegradation Policy
In addition to the temperature standards in the Oregon water quality standards, Oregon
provides antidegradation policy guidance in Antidegradation Policy Implementation Internal
Management Directive for NPDES Permits and Section 401 Water Quality Certifications (ODEQ,
March 2001). This antidegradation policy provides direction for permit approval of thermal
sources into water quality limited waters (WQLW). The antidegradation policy directive
states the following:
For WQLWs that are limited for temperature, a surface water temperature management plan must
be developed and implemented if the proposed discharge will increase temperature by 0.25F [0.14C]
or more. New or increased discharge loads may be allowed to increase ambient water temperature
(measured at the edge of the mixing zone, if existing) by less than or equal to 0.25F [0.14C] in
WQLW limited for temperature if such a plan is in place. However, this increase must not have a
measurable impact on beneficial uses (see OAR 340-041-0026(3)(a)(D)-(H)). A
discharger/applicant/source may petition DEQ for an exception of the above stipulations, if it 1)
demonstrates that the discharge will result in less than 1.0F [0.55C] increase at the edge of the
mixing zone; 2) provides the necessary scientific information describing how no designated beneficial
uses will be adversely impacted; and 3) demonstrates that it is implementing all reasonable
management practices, its activity will not affect beneficial uses, and the environmental cost of
treating the parameter to the level necessary to assure full protection would outweigh the risk to the
resource. A discharger/applicant/source may petition the EQC for an exception to the previously
mentioned stipulations if 2 and 3 apply.
With a temperature mixing zone, the LNGC thermal discharges would be allowed to
increase ambient water temperature (measured at the edge of the mixing zone) by no more
than 0.25F or 0.14C.

Receiving Waters Characteristics and LNGC Thermal Discharge

Assumptions
This screening level technical evaluation has been developed for a wide range of receiving
water conditions that occur at the Warrenton site. The evaluation is based on worst-case
cooling water discharge scenarios for the two classes of LNGCs (148,000 m3 steam-powered
vessels and 213,000 m3 or 266,000 m3 diesel-powered vessels) that would be unloading at
Warrenton.
The Columbia River at Warrenton has dynamic receiving water characteristics that are
determined by tidal exchanges (affecting salinities and currents), river flow (seasonal and
storm flow conditions), wind conditions, and water circulation. For this evaluation,
representative receiving water data were obtained from the Columbia River Data
Development Program, CORIE, Oregon DEQ LASAR monitoring data, and National Ocean
Survey tidal current predictions to represent the range of water column density stratification
conditions and tidal currents at the Warrenton site. Three water column density
stratification conditions were selected from the available records to represent the range of
4

SCREENING LEVEL THERMAL PLUME EVALUATION OF LNG VESSELS COOLING WATER SYSTEM DISCHARGES TO THE COLUMBIA RIVER

conditions: complete freshwater water column, mixed estuarine water column, and
stratified (freshwater over salt water) water column. The National Ocean Survey tidal
current predictions were extracted for a 20-year period at the Youngs Bay entrance site and
these were applied to develop the lowest tenth-percentile ebb and flood tide current
velocities.
The worst-case cooling water discharge scenarios for the classes of LNGCs that would be
docked at the Warrenton terminal are summarized as follows:
148,000 m3 LNGC2,478 m3/hour cooling water flow rate, discharge water temperature by
6.6C greater than intake water temperature, discharge port diameter of 0.46 meter, depth of
discharge port of 6.1 meters, and the discharge port at horizontal angle and orthogonal to
ambient currents.
213,000 m3 LNGC2,040 m3/hour cooling water flow rate, discharge water temperature by
8.9C greater than intake water temperature, discharge port diameter of 0.46 meter, depth of
discharge port of 6.1 meters, and the discharge port at horizontal angle and orthogonal to
ambient currents.
266,000 m3 LNGC2,040 m3/hour cooling water flow rate, discharge water temperature by
8.9C greater than intake water temperature, discharge port diameter of 0.46 meter, depth of
discharge port of 6.1 meters, and the discharge port at horizontal angle and orthogonal to
ambient currents. Note that because this vessel configuration is identical to the 213,000 m3 LNGC,
both are represented by the same modeling scenarios.

Results of Thermal Plume Modeling

Various EPA-approved discharge plume dilution models were reviewed and considered for
this application including Visual Plumes (UM3 and DKHW), UDKHDEN, and CORMIX1.
The model UDKHDEN was developed for thermal plume applications and was selected for
application because of its rigorous representation of submerged thermal plume mixing
processes. Six modeling scenarios were developed, three to represent the standard LNGC
size class (148,000 m3) and three to represent both the 210,000 m3 and 266,000 m3 vessels. The
objectives of the thermal plume modeling were to (1) define the distance from the cooling
water discharge port where the cooling water/receiving water mixture achieves specific
target temperatures (0.3C and 0.14C above ambient temperature), (2) define the depth of
the discharge plume at the target temperature distances, and (3) calculate the percent of
river cross-section used by the thermal plume.
The target temperature of 0.3C above ambient temperature is the threshold for compliance
with the biologically based numeric criterion for salmon and steelhead migration at the
Warrenton site. It is also the threshold for compliance with the water quality standards
section on the implementation of the temperature criteria and human use allowance for
insignificant additions of heat to water bodies (OAR-340-041-0028(12)) prior to the
completion of a temperature TMDL. The target temperature of 0.14C above ambient
temperature is the threshold for compliance with the antidegradation policy for waterquality-limited waterbodies that are limited for temperature.

SCREENING LEVEL THERMAL PLUME EVALUATION OF LNG VESSELS COOLING WATER SYSTEM DISCHARGES TO THE COLUMBIA RIVER

Table 1 summarizes the results of the thermal plume modeling for the LNGC size classes
and the three different receiving water modeling scenarios. The output data for each
modeling scenario are provided in Attachment 1.
The modeling results for scenarios 1a, 1c, 2a, and 2c, as shown in Table 1, demonstrate that
the thermal plume discharged from the submerged cooling water outlet port on the LNGC
ship is very rapidly mixed with the ambient receiving water. The cooling water/receiving
water mixture achieves the specific target temperature of 0.3C above ambient temperature
within a distance of 2.0 to 2.5 meters from the port for the 148,000 m3 vessel, and within a
distance of 4.2 to 5.6 meters from the port for the 213,000 m3 and 266,000 m3 vessels. The
plume is submerged at a depth of about 6 meters when the mixture achieves 0.3C above
ambient temperature.
To reduce the mixed plume temperature to 0.14C above ambient temperature requires a
somewhat longer plume travel distance. The cooling water/receiving water mixture
achieves 0.14C above ambient temperature at a distance of 7 to 9 meters from the discharge
port for the 148,000 m3 vessel, and 14 to 21 meters for the 213,000 m3 and 266,000 m3 vessels.
The plume is predicted to remain submerged at 5.8 to 6.0 meters when the mixture achieves
0.14C above ambient temperature.
There are no modeling results for scenarios 1b and 2b (stratified water column, flood tide)
because the model did not execute under this set of discharge and ambient conditions. This
was a result of the effluent density exceeding the ambient density at the depth of discharge
(6.1 meters). The model that was used for this evaluation is not capable of simulating
negatively buoyant plumes.
The mixing time for the cooling water/receiving water mixture to reach 0.3C above
ambient temperature is approximately 3 to 10 seconds for both LNGC vessel classes. The
mixing time for the cooling water/receiving water mixture to achieve 0.14C above ambient
temperature is approximately 15 to 30 seconds for both the steam-powered LNGC vessel
class and the diesel-powered LNGC vessel classes.
The Columbia River at Warrenton is 3.5 nautical miles wide, or 6,488 meters. Table 1
includes a calculated cross-sectional width that the thermal plume occupies within the total
cross-sectional width of the Columbia River at Warrenton. The cross-sectional width of the
Columbia River that the thermal plume would occupy ranges from 0.26-0.33 percent for the
diesel-powered LNGC vessels to 0.29-0.36 percent for the steam-powered LNGC vessels.
These results indicate that the LNGC cooling water discharge plumes will have a very small
area of influence and the region and time duration of mixing will be limited.

Summary
Compliance with the Oregon water quality standards thermal plume limitations is
summarized as follows:

Impairment of Active Salmon SpawningNot applicable to Warrenton site because there

are no spawning areas.

SCREENING LEVEL THERMAL PLUME EVALUATION OF LNG VESSELS COOLING WATER SYSTEM DISCHARGES TO THE COLUMBIA RIVER

Acute Impairment of Instantaneous LethalityPrevented by limiting potential fish exposure

to temperatures of 32C or more to 2 seconds. Not applicable to LNGC discharge
because no discharge temperatures approach 32C.

Thermal ShockPrevented or minimized by limiting potential fish exposure to

temperatures of 25C or more to less than 5 percent of the cross-section of 100 percent of
the 7Q10 low flow of the water body. Results presented in Table 1 show no violation.

Migration BlockageUnless the ambient temperature is 21.0C or greater, migration

blockage is prevented or minimized by limiting potential fish exposure to temperatures
of 21C or more to less than 25 percent of the cross-section of 100 percent of the 7Q10
low flow of the water body. Results presented in Table 1 show no violation.

The thermal shock and migration blockage conditions have been evaluated with the thermal
plume modeling and the results provided show that no LNGC discharge would violate
these conditions.

Table 1
Summary of Cooling Water Discharge Thermal Plume Modeling Results

Scenario

LNGC
Class

Cooling Water
Discharge Flow

Cooling Water
Discharge Temp.

Receiving Water
Conditions

Tidal
Currents

Receiving Water
Temperature

Distance from
o
Discharge to 0.3 C
Temp. Change

Plume Depth at
o
0.3 C Delta T

Distance from
Discharge to 0.14oC
Temp. Change

Plume Depth at
o
0.14 C Delta T

Plume/River
1
Cross-Sectional Width

1a

148,000 m3

2,478 m3/hour

21.44oC

Freshet (1.5 ppt

Salinity) Unstratified

Ebb (0.33
m/s)

16.67oC

1.9 meters

6.1 meters

6.8 meters

6.0 meters

0.36%

1b

148,000 m3

2,478 m3/hour

21.44oC

Stratified
(Fresh/Marine)

Flood (0.57
m/s)

16.67oC

-- 2

-- 2

-- 2

-- 2

-- 2

1c

148,000 m3

2,478 m3/hour

21.44oC

Estuarine Mixed (15

ppt Salinity) Unstratified

Flood (0.57
m/s)

16.67oC

2.5 meters

6.1 meters

9.2 meters

6.1 meters

0.29%

2a

213,000 m &
266,000 m3

2,040 m3/hour

23.74oC

Freshet (1.5 ppt

Salinity) Unstratified

Ebb (0.33
m/s)

16.67oC

4.2 meters

6.0 meters

14.0 meters

5.8 meters

0.33%

2b

213,000 m3 &
266,000 m3

2,040 m3/hour

23.74oC

Stratified
(Fresh/Marine)

Flood (0.57
m/s)

16.67oC

-- 2

-- 2

-- 2

-- 2

-- 2

2c

213,000 m3 &
266,000 m3

2,040 m3/hour

23.74oC

Estuarine Mixed (15

ppt Salinity) Unstratified

Flood (0.57
m/s)

16.67oC

5.6 meters

6.1 meters

20.7 meters

5.8 meters

0.26%

Notes:
Based on the model-predicted plume width at the completion of initial (nearfield) dilution and a cross-sectional Columbia River width of 6,488 meters.
2
The model did not execute for this scenario because the effluent density exceeds the ambient density at the depth of discharge (e.g., plume is negatively buoyant).
1

9/10/2008

ATTACHMENT

UDKHDEN Model Output

UNIVERSAL DATA FILE: orlng1a.in

Oregon LNG Case #1a: Q=2,478 m3/hr, T=21.44 C
0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0
0.688,1,0.4572,0,6.1
0,0,1000
5,1.50,21.44
0,1.50,16.8,0.33
2,1.50,16.8,0.33
4,1.50,16.8,0.33
6,1.50,16.7,0.33
8,1.50,15.76,0.33
1
PROGRAM UDKHDEN
SOLUTION TO MULTIPLE BUOYANT DISCHARGE PROBLEM WITH
AMBIENT CURRENTS AND VERTICAL GRADIENTS.
AUG 1985
UNIVERSAL DATA FILE: orlng1a.in
CASE I.D. Oregon LNG Case #1a: Q=2,478 m3/hr, T=21.44 C

0
+

SINGLE PORT DISCHARGE CASE

DISCHARGE= .6880CU-M/S ** TEMPERATURE= 21.44-C ** SALINITY= 1.500-PPT ** DIAMETER=
** NUMBER OF PORTS=
1 ** SPACING=1000.00-M ** DEPTH=
6.10-M
AMBIENT STRATIFICATION PROFILE
DEPTH (M)
TEMP (C)
SALINITY (PPT) DENSITY (G/CM3) VELOCITY (M/S)
.00
16.80
1.50
1.00002
.330
2.00
16.80
1.50
1.00002
.330
4.00
16.80
1.50
1.00002
.330
6.00
16.70
1.50
1.00004
.330
8.00
15.76
1.50
1.00020
.330
FROUDE NO= 64.12, PORT SPACING/PORT DIA=
2187.23,
STARTING LENGTH=
1.822
ALL LENGTHS ARE IN METERS-TIME IN SEC.
X
Y
Z
TH1
TH2
.00
1.82
4.92
6.74
7.98
8.95
9.75
10.44
11.06
11.62
12.13
12.61
13.47
14.23
PLUMES
14.93
15.25
15.56
15.86
16.15
16.43
16.70
16.97
17.22
17.47
17.71
17.95
18.18
18.40
18.62
18.84

FIRST LINE ARE INITIAL CONDITIONS.

WIDTH
DRHO
DTCL
DSCL

.00
.00
.00
.00
.46
1.000
1.000
.06
.00
4.23
.08
1.25
1.000
1.000
1.76
.02
50.32
.44
5.92
.169
.189
4.91
.05
66.76
.66
8.39
.097
.110
8.35
.10
72.94
.78
10.01
.061
.069
11.88
.15
76.21
.84
11.24
.047
.054
15.45
.21
78.28
.89
12.25
.039
.044
19.04
.26
79.71
.93
13.11
.032
.037
22.64
.33
80.78
.96
13.88
.027
.031
26.26
.39
81.60
.98
14.56
.023
.026
29.88
.45
82.27
1.00
15.19
.019
.021
33.50
.51
82.81
1.00
15.77
.015
.017
40.77
.64
83.66
.99
16.81
.009
.011
48.04
.77
84.30
.95
17.74
.004
.005
HAVE REACHED EQUILIBRIUM HEIGHT - STRATIFIED ENVIRONMENT
55.32
.88
84.80
.88
18.57
.000
.000
58.97
.94
85.01
.84
18.96
-.002
-.002
62.61
.99
85.20
.80
19.34
-.004
-.004
66.25
1.04
85.38
.75
19.70
-.005
-.006
69.90
1.09
85.53
.69
20.05
-.007
-.008
73.55
1.13
85.68
.64
20.38
-.008
-.009
77.19
1.17
85.81
.58
20.71
-.009
-.010
80.84
1.20
85.94
.52
21.02
-.010
-.011
84.49
1.23
86.05
.46
21.32
-.011
-.012
88.14
1.26
86.16
.39
21.62
-.011
-.013
91.79
1.28
86.26
.33
21.90
-.012
-.014
95.44
1.30
86.35
.27
22.18
-.012
-.014
99.09
1.32
86.44
.20
22.45
-.013
-.014
102.74
1.33
86.52
.14
22.72
-.013
-.015
106.39
1.34
86.60
.08
22.97
-.013
-.014
110.04
1.34
86.67
.02
23.23
-.013
-.014

PLUMES HAVE REACHED MAXIMUM HEIGHT - STRATIFIED ENVIRONMENT

TRAPPING LEVEL=

5.22 METERS BELOW SURFACE,

DILUTION= 130.20

TIME

.4572

DILUTION

1.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

.00
.43
3.28
9.60
17.74
26.80
36.38
46.29
56.42
66.72
77.12
87.62
108.82
130.20

1.00
1.95
15.19
28.23
39.16
48.81
57.58
65.73
73.40
80.68
87.64
94.33
107.05
119.05

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

151.73
162.53
173.35
184.19
195.05
205.92
216.81
227.71
238.62
249.54
260.47
271.40
282.35
293.30
304.26
315.22

130.45
135.96
141.35
146.64
151.82
156.91
161.90
166.81
171.64
176.39
181.07
185.68
190.22
194.71
199.14
203.52

UNIVERSAL DATA FILE: orlng1b.in

Oregon LNG Case #1b: Q=2,478 m3/hr, T=21.44 C
0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0
0.688,1,0.4572,0,6.1
0,0,1000
5,13.96,21.44
0,1.27,16.8,0.57
2,1.66,16.8,0.57
4,1.85,16.8,0.57
6,2.47,16.7,0.57
8,13.96,14.8,0.57
COMPUTATIONS CEASE FOR
CASE I.D. Oregon LNG Case #1b: Q=2,478 m3/hr, T=21.44 C
CORRECT THE FOLLOWING AND REENTER DATA.
EFFLUENT DENSITY MUST BE .LE. AMBIENT DENSITY AT THE DISCHARGE DEPTH
GOING TO NEXT DATA SET IF THERE IS ONE.

UNIVERSAL DATA FILE: orlng1c.in

Oregon LNG Case #1c: Q=2,478 m3/hr, T=21.44 C
0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0
0.688,1,0.4572,0,6.1
0,0,1000
5,15.00,21.44
0,15.00,16.8,0.57
2,15.00,16.8,0.57
4,15.00,16.8,0.57
6,15.00,16.7,0.57
8,15.00,15.76,0.57
1
PROGRAM UDKHDEN
SOLUTION TO MULTIPLE BUOYANT DISCHARGE PROBLEM WITH
AMBIENT CURRENTS AND VERTICAL GRADIENTS.
AUG 1985
UNIVERSAL DATA FILE: orlng1c.in
CASE I.D. Oregon LNG Case #1c: Q=2,478 m3/hr, T=21.44 C

0
+

SINGLE PORT DISCHARGE CASE

DISCHARGE= .6880CU-M/S ** TEMPERATURE= 21.44-C ** SALINITY=15.000-PPT ** DIAMETER=
** NUMBER OF PORTS=
1 ** SPACING=1000.00-M ** DEPTH=
6.10-M
AMBIENT STRATIFICATION PROFILE
DEPTH (M)
TEMP (C)
SALINITY (PPT) DENSITY (G/CM3) VELOCITY (M/S)
.00
16.80
15.00
1.01033
.570
2.00
16.80
15.00
1.01033
.570
4.00
16.80
15.00
1.01033
.570
6.00
16.70
15.00
1.01035
.570
8.00
15.76
15.00
1.01053
.570
FROUDE NO= 60.93, PORT SPACING/PORT DIA=
2187.23,
STARTING LENGTH=
1.514
ALL LENGTHS ARE IN METERS-TIME IN SEC.
X
Y
Z
TH1
TH2
.00
1.51
3.96
5.08
5.88
6.51
7.04
7.51
7.92
8.30
8.65
8.97
9.56
10.08
10.56
11.00
11.40
11.78
12.14

.00
.08
2.55
6.03
9.60
13.20
16.82
20.44
24.08
27.72
31.36
35.00
42.29
49.59
56.89
64.19
71.49
78.80
86.10

.00
.00
.01
.03
.06
.09
.12
.15
.19
.22
.25
.29
.36
.43
.51
.58
.65
.72
.79

.00
7.45
66.11
75.58
79.03
80.97
82.23
83.12
83.80
84.32
84.75
85.11
85.67
86.09
86.43
86.70
86.92
87.11
87.27

.00
.07
.27
.37
.44
.47
.49
.51
.53
.54
.55
.56
.57
.58
.57
.56
.55
.53
.50

FIRST LINE ARE INITIAL CONDITIONS.

WIDTH
DRHO
DTCL
DSCL
.46
1.25
4.85
6.34
7.31
8.08
8.71
9.27
9.76
10.20
10.61
10.99
11.68
12.29
12.85
13.36
13.83
14.28
14.70

1.000
1.000
.196
.121
.085
.062
.049
.043
.037
.033
.029
.026
.021
.016
.012
.009
.006
.003
.000

1.000
1.000
.214
.133
.094
.068
.055
.047
.041
.037
.033
.029
.023
.018
.014
.010
.006
.003
.000

TIME

.4572

DILUTION

1.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

.00
.36
3.16
8.34
14.13
20.18
26.37
32.62
38.93
45.27
51.63
58.00
70.79
83.61
96.45
109.30
122.16
135.03
147.90

1.00
2.01
16.02
26.54
35.02
42.56
49.45
55.86
61.91
67.66
73.16
78.47
88.56
98.09
107.18
115.90
124.31
132.46
140.38

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

155.95
162.39
168.83
175.27
181.71
188.15
194.59
201.03
207.47
213.91
220.35
226.80
233.24

145.22
149.04
152.80
156.52
160.20
163.83
167.43
170.98
174.49
177.96
181.40
184.80
188.17

PLUMES HAVE REACHED EQUILIBRIUM HEIGHT - STRATIFIED ENVIRONMENT

12.36
12.52
12.68
12.84
12.99
13.15
13.29
13.44
13.58
13.72
13.85
13.99
14.12

90.67
94.32
97.98
101.63
105.28
108.94
112.59
116.25
119.90
123.56
127.21
130.87
134.52

.83
.86
.89
.92
.94
.97
.99
1.02
1.04
1.06
1.08
1.10
1.12

87.37
87.43
87.50
87.56
87.61
87.67
87.72
87.76
87.81
87.85
87.89
87.93
87.97

.49
.47
.46
.44
.42
.40
.38
.36
.34
.32
.30
.28
.26

14.95
15.15
15.34
15.52
15.70
15.88
16.05
16.22
16.39
16.55
16.71
16.87
17.02

-.001
-.002
-.003
-.004
-.005
-.006
-.007
-.007
-.008
-.009
-.009
-.010
-.010

-.001
-.002
-.004
-.005
-.006
-.007
-.007
-.008
-.009
-.010
-.010
-.011
-.011

14.24
14.37
14.49
14.62
14.74
14.85
14.97
15.09
15.20
15.31
15.42
15.53

138.18
141.83
145.49
149.15
152.80
156.46
160.11
163.77
167.42
171.08
174.74
178.39

1.13
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.20
1.21
1.21
1.21
1.21

88.01
88.04
88.07
88.10
88.13
88.16
88.19
88.22
88.24
88.27
88.29
88.31

.23
.21
.19
.17
.15
.12
.10
.08
.06
.04
.02
.00

17.17
17.32
17.46
17.60
17.74
17.88
18.02
18.15
18.28
18.41
18.54
18.66

-.010
-.011
-.011
-.011
-.012
-.012
-.012
-.012
-.012
-.012
-.012
-.011

-.012
-.012
-.012
-.013
-.013
-.013
-.013
-.013
-.013
-.013
-.013
-.013

PLUMES HAVE REACHED MAXIMUM HEIGHT - STRATIFIED ENVIRONMENT

TRAPPING LEVEL=

5.30 METERS BELOW SURFACE,

DILUTION= 141.49

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

239.68
246.12
252.57
259.01
265.45
271.89
278.33
284.78
291.22
297.66
304.10
310.55

191.51
194.81
198.08
201.33
204.54
207.73
210.89
214.03
217.14
220.23
223.30
226.34

UNIVERSAL DATA FILE: orlng2a.in

Oregon LNG Case #2a: Q=2,040 m3/hr, T=23.74 C
0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0
0.567,1,0.4572,0,6.1
0,0,1000
5,1.50,23.74
0,1.50,16.8,0.33
2,1.50,16.8,0.33
4,1.50,16.8,0.33
6,1.50,16.7,0.33
8,1.50,15.76,0.33
1
PROGRAM UDKHDEN
SOLUTION TO MULTIPLE BUOYANT DISCHARGE PROBLEM WITH
AMBIENT CURRENTS AND VERTICAL GRADIENTS.
AUG 1985
UNIVERSAL DATA FILE: orlng2a.in
CASE I.D. Oregon LNG Case #2a: Q=2,040 m3/hr, T=23.74 C

0
+

SINGLE PORT DISCHARGE CASE

DISCHARGE= .5670CU-M/S ** TEMPERATURE= 23.74-C ** SALINITY= 1.500-PPT ** DIAMETER=
** NUMBER OF PORTS=
1 ** SPACING=1000.00-M ** DEPTH=
6.10-M
AMBIENT STRATIFICATION PROFILE
DEPTH (M)
TEMP (C)
SALINITY (PPT) DENSITY (G/CM3) VELOCITY (M/S)
.00
16.80
1.50
1.00002
.330
2.00
16.80
1.50
1.00002
.330
4.00
16.80
1.50
1.00002
.330
6.00
16.70
1.50
1.00004
.330
8.00
15.76
1.50
1.00020
.330
FROUDE NO= 42.18, PORT SPACING/PORT DIA=
2187.23,
STARTING LENGTH=
1.715
ALL LENGTHS ARE IN METERS-TIME IN SEC.
X
Y
Z
TH1
TH2
.00
1.71
4.60
6.16
7.22
8.05
8.75
9.35
9.89
10.37
10.82
11.23
11.97
12.64

.00
.06
2.06
5.36
8.85
12.41
16.00
19.61
23.23
26.85
30.48
34.11
41.38
48.66

.00
.00
.03
.10
.18
.27
.37
.47
.58
.69
.81
.92
1.15
1.38

.00
5.15
56.38
70.31
75.38
78.12
79.86
81.08
82.00
82.71
83.29
83.77
84.51
85.07

.00
.17
.82
1.14
1.33
1.48
1.59
1.68
1.74
1.79
1.81
1.82
1.80
1.72

FIRST LINE ARE INITIAL CONDITIONS.

WIDTH
DRHO
DTCL
DSCL
.46
1.25
5.55
7.65
9.01
10.06
10.92
11.67
12.33
12.93
13.48
13.99
14.92
15.75

1.000
1.000
.168
.095
.069
.055
.045
.038
.032
.026
.022
.018
.011
.005

1.000
1.000
.195
.112
.083
.066
.054
.045
.038
.032
.026
.021
.013
.006

TIME

.4572

DILUTION

1.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

.00
.50
3.97
11.18
20.03
29.63
39.64
49.90
60.32
70.85
81.48
92.16
113.68
135.33

1.00
1.97
15.60
27.91
38.02
46.98
55.16
62.78
69.99
76.87
83.47
89.85
102.04
113.61

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

157.08
167.98
178.90
189.84
200.79
211.75
222.72
233.71
244.70
255.70
266.70
277.71
288.73
299.75
310.78
321.81
332.84
343.87

124.64
129.96
135.17
140.26
145.24
150.11
154.88
159.54
164.11
168.59
172.99
177.31
181.57
185.76
189.88
193.95
197.97
201.94

PLUMES HAVE REACHED EQUILIBRIUM HEIGHT - STRATIFIED ENVIRONMENT

13.24
13.52
13.79
14.05
14.30
14.54
14.77
15.00
15.22
15.43
15.64
15.85
16.04
16.24
16.43
16.61
16.80
16.97

55.95
59.60
63.24
66.89
70.54
74.19
77.84
81.49
85.14
88.79
92.44
96.09
99.74
103.40
107.05
110.70
114.36
118.01

1.59
1.69
1.79
1.88
1.96
2.04
2.11
2.17
2.23
2.28
2.32
2.36
2.40
2.43
2.45
2.48
2.49
2.51

85.51
85.69
85.86
86.01
86.15
86.27
86.39
86.49
86.59
86.68
86.77
86.85
86.92
86.99
87.06
87.12
87.18
87.23

1.60
1.53
1.44
1.35
1.26
1.15
1.05
.95
.85
.76
.67
.59
.51
.44
.37
.30
.23
.17

16.50
16.85
17.18
17.51
17.82
18.11
18.40
18.67
18.94
19.20
19.45
19.69
19.93
20.16
20.38
20.60
20.81
21.02

.000
-.002
-.004
-.006
-.008
-.009
-.010
-.010
-.010
-.010
-.009
-.009
-.009
-.009
-.008
-.008
-.008
-.008

.000
-.003
-.005
-.007
-.009
-.011
-.013
-.012
-.012
-.012
-.011
-.011
-.011
-.010
-.010
-.010
-.010
-.010

17.15
17.32
17.49

121.66
125.32
128.97

2.51
2.52
2.52

87.29
87.34
87.39

.11
.05
.00

21.22
21.42
21.61

-.008
-.008
-.008

-.009
-.009
-.009

PLUMES HAVE REACHED MAXIMUM HEIGHT - STRATIFIED ENVIRONMENT

TRAPPING LEVEL=

4.51 METERS BELOW SURFACE,

DILUTION= 124.37

.000
.000
.000

354.91
365.96
377.00

205.86
209.74
213.59

UNIVERSAL DATA FILE: orlng2b.in

Oregon LNG Case #2b: Q=2,040 m3/hr, T=23.74 C
0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0
0.567,1,0.4572,0,6.1
0,0,1000
5,13.96,23.74
0,1.27,16.8,0.57
2,1.66,16.8,0.57
4,1.85,16.8,0.57
6,2.47,16.7,0.57
8,7.47,15.76,0.57
COMPUTATIONS CEASE FOR
CASE I.D. Oregon LNG Case #2b: Q=2,040 m3/hr, T=23.74 C
CORRECT THE FOLLOWING AND REENTER DATA.
EFFLUENT DENSITY MUST BE .LE. AMBIENT DENSITY AT THE DISCHARGE DEPTH
GOING TO NEXT DATA SET IF THERE IS ONE.

UNIVERSAL DATA FILE: orlng2c.in

Oregon LNG Case #2c: Q=2,040 m3/hr, T=23.74 C
0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0
0.567,1,0.4572,0,6.1
0,0,1000
5,15.00,23.74
0,15.00,16.8,0.57
2,15.00,16.8,0.57
4,15.00,16.8,0.57
6,15.00,16.7,0.57
8,15.00,15.76,0.57
1
PROGRAM UDKHDEN
SOLUTION TO MULTIPLE BUOYANT DISCHARGE PROBLEM WITH
AMBIENT CURRENTS AND VERTICAL GRADIENTS.
AUG 1985
UNIVERSAL DATA FILE: orlng2c.in
CASE I.D. Oregon LNG Case #2c: Q=2,040 m3/hr, T=23.74 C

0
+

SINGLE PORT DISCHARGE CASE

DISCHARGE= .5670CU-M/S ** TEMPERATURE= 23.74-C ** SALINITY=15.000-PPT ** DIAMETER=
** NUMBER OF PORTS=
1 ** SPACING=1000.00-M ** DEPTH=
6.10-M
AMBIENT STRATIFICATION PROFILE
DEPTH (M)
TEMP (C)
SALINITY (PPT) DENSITY (G/CM3) VELOCITY (M/S)
.00
16.80
15.00
1.01033
.570
2.00
16.80
15.00
1.01033
.570
4.00
16.80
15.00
1.01033
.570
6.00
16.70
15.00
1.01035
.570
8.00
15.76
15.00
1.01053
.570
FROUDE NO= 40.28, PORT SPACING/PORT DIA=
2187.23,
STARTING LENGTH=
1.406
ALL LENGTHS ARE IN METERS-TIME IN SEC.
X
Y
Z
TH1
TH2
.00
1.40
3.60
4.50
5.15
5.68
6.12
6.51
6.86
7.18
7.48
7.75
8.24
8.69
9.09
9.45
9.79
10.11
10.41

.00
.09
2.77
6.32
9.91
13.53
17.16
20.80
24.44
28.08
31.73
35.37
42.67
49.97
57.28
64.58
71.89
79.19
86.50

.00
.00
.02
.06
.10
.16
.21
.27
.33
.39
.46
.53
.66
.80
.95
1.08
1.22
1.35
1.48

.00
9.15
71.54
78.32
80.95
82.47
83.48
84.21
84.76
85.21
85.57
85.87
86.35
86.71
87.00
87.24
87.43
87.60
87.74

.00
.15
.47
.65
.76
.83
.89
.94
.98
1.01
1.04
1.06
1.09
1.10
1.10
1.08
1.06
1.02
.97

FIRST LINE ARE INITIAL CONDITIONS.

WIDTH
DRHO
DTCL
DSCL
.46
1.24
4.54
5.66
6.44
7.06
7.58
8.04
8.45
8.83
9.18
9.50
10.10
10.64
11.14
11.60
12.03
12.43
12.81

1.000
1.000
.195
.125
.089
.074
.063
.054
.048
.042
.038
.034
.027
.021
.016
.011
.007
.004
.001

1.000
1.000
.221
.143
.103
.085
.072
.063
.055
.049
.044
.039
.031
.024
.018
.013
.009
.005
.001

TIME

.4572

DILUTION

1.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

.00
.41
3.73
9.54
15.74
22.09
28.50
34.95
41.41
47.89
54.37
60.86
73.84
86.82
99.81
112.78
125.76
138.73
151.69

1.00
2.05
16.48
25.27
32.59
39.12
45.12
50.73
56.08
61.21
66.17
70.98
80.23
89.07
97.58
105.81
113.79
121.55
129.10

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

161.42
167.90
174.38
180.86
187.34
193.82
200.30
206.77
213.25
219.73
226.20
232.68
239.16

134.62
138.24
141.80
145.32
148.79
152.21
155.58
158.90
162.18
165.41
168.59
171.72
174.82

PLUMES HAVE REACHED EQUILIBRIUM HEIGHT - STRATIFIED ENVIRONMENT

10.62
10.75
10.89
11.02
11.14
11.27
11.39
11.51
11.62
11.74
11.85
11.96
12.06

91.98
95.64
99.29
102.95
106.60
110.26
113.91
117.57
121.22
124.88
128.53
132.19
135.85

1.57
1.63
1.69
1.74
1.79
1.84
1.89
1.94
1.98
2.02
2.06
2.09
2.12

87.83
87.89
87.94
87.99
88.04
88.08
88.13
88.17
88.20
88.24
88.27
88.30
88.33

.93
.90
.87
.83
.80
.76
.73
.69
.65
.61
.57
.53
.49

13.08
13.25
13.42
13.59
13.75
13.90
14.06
14.21
14.35
14.49
14.63
14.77
14.90

-.001
-.003
-.004
-.005
-.006
-.007
-.008
-.009
-.010
-.011
-.011
-.012
-.012

-.002
-.003
-.005
-.006
-.007
-.008
-.009
-.011
-.011
-.012
-.013
-.014
-.014

12.17
12.27
12.38
12.48
12.57
12.67
12.77
12.86
12.95
13.05
13.14
13.23
13.31
13.40
13.49

139.50
143.16
146.81
150.47
154.13
157.78
161.44
165.10
168.75
172.41
176.06
179.72
183.38
187.03
190.69

2.15
2.18
2.21
2.23
2.25
2.27
2.28
2.30
2.31
2.32
2.33
2.33
2.34
2.34
2.34

88.36
88.39
88.42
88.44
88.47
88.49
88.51
88.53
88.55
88.57
88.59
88.61
88.63
88.64
88.66

.45
.41
.37
.34
.30
.27
.24
.20
.17
.14
.11
.09
.06
.03
.01

15.03
15.16
15.28
15.40
15.52
15.64
15.75
15.86
15.97
16.08
16.19
16.30
16.40
16.50
16.61

-.012
-.012
-.011
-.011
-.011
-.011
-.011
-.011
-.010
-.010
-.010
-.010
-.010
-.010
-.010

-.014
-.013
-.013
-.013
-.013
-.013
-.012
-.012
-.012
-.012
-.012
-.012
-.011
-.011
-.011

PLUMES HAVE REACHED MAXIMUM HEIGHT - STRATIFIED ENVIRONMENT

TRAPPING LEVEL=

4.58 METERS BELOW SURFACE,

DILUTION= 131.20

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

245.63
252.10
258.58
265.05
271.52
278.00
284.47
290.94
297.41
303.88
310.35
316.82
323.29
329.76
336.23

177.87
180.88
183.85
186.79
189.70
192.57
195.41
198.22
201.01
203.77
206.51
209.22
211.92
214.60
217.25