Table of Contents

Task 1!
1. Network Diagram! 2. Determination Timing Activities and Total Float! Forward Pass! Backward Pass! Total Float! 3. Determination of Project Duration and Critical Path! 4. Earliest Finished Time! 5. Affect on Duration of The Project! 6. Limitation of Network Diagram!

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2 2 3 4 5 5 5 6 6

Task 2!
Introduction of Project! Project Management Concern! Project Management Skills! Work Breakdown Structure!

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7 7 7 8

References ! Appendices !
Appendix - 1: Network Diagram (Activity On Node)! Appendix 2: Work Break Structure! Appendix - 3: Project Charter!

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10 11 12

Task 1
1. Network Diagram Project network diagram is schematic display of the logical relationships among or sequencing of project activities (Schwalbe, 2010). The activity on node method is applied in this project, which have advantages over PERT and AOA according to Taylor (2008). AON does not have dummy activities since the arrow only represent dependencies Its more detail versionAON can accommodate more than Finish to start task relationship AON is the most widely used network diagraming method today and all project management software support it. 2. Determination Timing Activities and Total Float
Activity
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R

Duration
4 5 9 4 7 5 11 5 4 5 5 7 5 5 7 4 4 5

EST
0 4 9 9 9 9 18 29 29 34 39 44 44 51 56 63 67 71

EFT
4 9 18 13 16 14 29 34 33 39 44 51 49 56 63 67 71 76

LST
4 4 9 14 11 13 18 34 30 34 39 44 46 51 56 63 67 71

LFT
4 9 18 18 18 18 29 34 34 39 44 51 51 56 63 67 71 76

Total Float
0 0 0 5 2 4 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0

Figure 1: Time activities and total oat

Determination of timing activity is obtained by identify EST and EFT using Forward Pass, and LST and LFT using Backward Pass.

Forward Pass According to Mishra and Taru (2010), the early start and early finish for each activity are found by calculation performed in sequence from left to right in the network. The activity A start in the first day of project, thus, earliest start time of activity A is zero. The duration of project A is 4 days and the earliest finish time is 4 (EFT = EST + Duration).

Next the EST of activity B is a EFT of activity A . Continuing with the EFTs, the EFT for the C, D and E are as follows: EFT (C) = EFT (B) + duration of C = 9 + 9 = 18 EFT (D) = EFT (B) + duration of D = 9 + 4 = 13 EFT (E) = EFT (B) + duration of E = 9 + 5 = 14 In case of project having more than 1 preceding events, EST of subject activity is the max. value of EFT preceding activities.

Backward Pass The latest finish and latest start are calculated by means of backward from right to left through network diagram (Mishra and Taru, 2010). In order to find LST and LFT, it start from the lasted activity of project (R) after finishing Forward Pass. The LST of subject activity is LFT of previous activity. Then, the formula of LST equal LFT minus duration.

In case of project having more than 1 following events, LFT of subject activity is the min. value of LST following activities.

Total Float According to Harrison and Lock (2004), total float is the amount by which an activity may be delayed without affecting the start times of any following activities, provided that its preceding activities have finished at their earliest possible times. Total Float = the lasted permissible completion of the activity minus minus the earliest possible start time the estimated activity duration

Total Float of activity I = LFT - EST - DUR = 34 - 29 - 4 = 1 We found that activity I start in day 29th (4 days to complete activity) and finish in day 33rd. In case of activity I delaying for 1 day, LST will be in 30th and complete in 34th, which have no affect to completion date of the whole project. 3. Determination of Project Duration and Critical Path Project duration is the number of periods it takes from project initialling to project end. By looking at Project Network Diagram in Appendix 1, Hansons project duration would be 76 days According to Schwalbe (2005), rritical Path for a project is the series of activities that determine the earliest time by which the project can completed. Its the longest path through the network diagram and has the least amount of slack and amount.Critical Path can be defined as activity which have zero total float in Figure - 1, which delay in single activity will delay the whole project. Critical Path: A-B-C-G-H-J-K-L-N-O-P-Q-R 4. Earliest Finished Time Data Project duration 76 days Start date 14 April 2013 5 days a week (Assumption no other holiday) Calculation Using 5 days working week in a project duration of 76 will give us 15 weeks and 1 days. Therefore, the completion date of project will be on 29 June 2013.

5. Affect on Duration of The Project a) A 1 day delay during activity D would have no effect at all in the project duration simply because activity D has 5 floats. It means that the activity can be delayed even for a 5 days and will have no effect on the overall project completion date. b) If Activity M is delayed 1 day, will have no effect on project duration, as activity M total float is 2 days c) A 1 day delay during activity Q will have serious affect the whole path as activity Q is a critical path which succeeding activity R will not start on time hence the project will finish at 77th day instead 76th as plan. 6. Limitation of Network Diagram According to Springer (2001) there are three drawbacks of PND: The activity times are only as good as the estimates provided. Sometimes the network diagrams are hard to follow when they process too many line and intersections. Some times the network diagrams become focus too much attention while other issues may be the root cause the problems, e.g, management/labor relation. Besides, the limitations of network diagram are identified by Taylor (2008). Firstly, it is hard to understand by everyone because of its complicated. Secondly, it is difficult to update, which depend upon the number and frequency changes and complexity, and they are not good communication tools.

Task 2
Introduction of Project Project Management Association of Japan (2005) A project refers to a value creation undertaking based on a specific mission, which is completed in a given or agreed timeframe and under constraints, including resources and external circumstances. According to PMBOK (2008),a project is a temporary endeavour undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result. The temporary nature of projects indicates a definite beginning and end. According to Maylor (2010), there are 3 common characteristic of project: Unique, Temporary and Focused. Project Management Concern Project Management Skills According to Wills (2010), the essential skills of project manager are listed below:

The successful of project is because of PM both technical and people skill. Furthermore, , the best project manager is both specialist and generalist (Richman, 2011) . As a generalist, the

manager has board technical knowledge of the diverse factors that affect a project, including aspects of the organisations operation and the industry as a whole. As a content of specialist, he has a depth of technical knowledge, which drive to understand requirements, operation, and problems of project sponsors, the project team and the industry. Work Breakdown Structure PMBOK (2008) Work Breakdown Structure is the process of subdividing project deliverables and project work into smaller, more manageable components

References
Schwalbe, K. (2010 Information Technology Project Management. The United States: Cengage Learning. Taylor, J. (2008) Project Scheduling and Cost Control: Planning, Monitoring and Controlling the Baseline. J. Ross Publishing, Inc. Mishra, R. C. and Taru, M (2010) Modern Project Management. India: New Age International Pvt Ltd Publishers. Harrison, F. and Lock, D. (2004) Advanced Project Management: A Structured Approach. 4th Edition. England: Gower Publishing Limited. Schwalbe, K. (2005) Introduction to Project Management. New Delhi: New Age International Pvt Ltd Publishers Springer, M. (2001) Program Management. The United States: Purdue Research Foundation. Maylor, H. (2010) Project Management. 4th Edition. Great Britain: Pearson Education Limited. Wills, K. R. (2010) Essential of Project Management Skills. New York: CRC Press. Richman, L. (2011) Successful Project Management. 3rd Edition. AMA Self-Study.

Appendices
Appendix - 1: Network Diagram (Activity On Node)

Appendix 2: Work Break Structure

Appendix - 3: Project Charter