Abstract Pleurotus mushroom are one of the highly cultivated species of edible mushroom in the community.

This investigative study aims to determine whether Pleurotus species has an ability to prevent growth of gram positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and gram negative bacteria, Escherichia coli. The collected 20 grams of Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus florida, and Pleurotus cystidiosus were air dried and pulverized.100 ml of 70% solution of ethanol were used to soak the powdered mushrooms in separate containers for 24 hours. After the soaking period it was filtered and using Rotary Evaporation (RotaVap) we were able to get the extract of the three mushrooms, obtaining 10 ml of the extract for each mushroom. Two treatments containing the bacteria were prepared; Treatment 1 contains the Staphylococcus aureus with three replicates, and Treatment 2 containing the Escherichia coli with three replicates. Circular discs of paper with a diameter of _____ were placed on the treatments.Four circular discs for each treatment containing the P. florida, P.ostreatus, P.cystidiosus, and the commercial antibiotic which is the streptomycin. Results show that these Pleurotus species have potentials in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

CHAPTER I Introduction Background of the Study In our country, different diseases caused by bacteria exist. Skin diseases, respiratory infections and skin infections were a few of the ailments caused by S.aureus. They bring staph infections and usually can be found nearly the skin flora. On the other hand the E. coli have said to be the main cause of food poisoning Pleurotus mushroom belong to a family of edible mushrooms they are widely cultivated mostly in Asian countries and is mainly used as a source of food and income. In this study three species of Pleurotus mushroom were used namely: Pleurotus florida, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Pleurotus cystidiosus. Studies show that mushrooms also contains antibacterial properties. Statement of the problem This study that focuses on the antibacterial property of Pleurotus mushroom aimed to answer these questions as follows: 1. Are Pleurotus mushroom ethanol extract effective against S. aureus? 2. Are Pleurotus mushroom ethanol extract effective against E. coli? 3. Is there any significant difference between Pleurotus mushroom and streptomycin in inhibiting bacterial growth? Hypothesis This study tested the following hypothesis as express this way 1. Pleurotus mushroom ethanol extract is effective against S. aureus. 2. Pleurotus mushroom ethanol extract are effective against E. coli. 3. There is a significant difference between Pleurotus mushroom and streptomycin in inhibiting bacterial growth. Significance of the Study This study aims to determine the antibacterial property of Pleurotus species was conducted and will be helpful to the following: Scope and Limitations This was conducted to determine whether Pleurotus species have potentials in inhibiting growth of bacteria. In this study, the researchers used only three species of Pleurotus mushroom namely: Pleurotus florida, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Pleurotus cystidiosus. The extracts were used only

against Staphylococcus areus and Escherichia coli bacteria. Streptomycin serves as the positive control.

Definition of Terms Streptomycin staph infections Pleurotus florida Pleurotus ostreatus Pleurotus cystidiosus Staphylococcus areus Escherichia coli ethanol CHAPTER II Review of Related Literature Pleurotus ostreatus or oyster mushroom is a common edible mushroom. It is now grown commercially atound the world for food. Although it was a commonly sought wild mushroom, it can also be cultivated on straw and other media. It has a broad, fan or oyster shaped cup spanning 5.25cm. Oyster mushroom may be considered a medicinal mushroom, since it contains statins such as lovastatins which work to reduce cholesterol. Pleurotus florida is the Nigerian mushroom which looks very similar to the oyster mushroom, and it was also cultivated for food purposes. Pleurotus cystidiosus is another close ally of oyster mushrooms. Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram- positive bacterium that is a member of firmicutes and is frequently found in the human respiratory tract and on the skin flora. S. aureus can cause a range of illnesses from minor skin infections, such as pimples, impetigo, boils to life threatening diseases such as pneumonia, meningitis, osteomyelitis, and toxic shock syndrome. CHAPTER III Methodology Research Design

This study will use variables: three comparable treatments are prepared to determine the feasibility of Pleurotus species in inhibiting the growth of bacteria Materials In this study materials were prepared for each process. In preparing the extract, these materials were prepared: 20g of air dried mushrooms, mortar and pestle, flasks, and filtering paper Methods Data Gathered CHAPTER IV Results In this study the ethanol extracts of pleurotus species namely: Pleurotus florida, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Pleurotus cystidiosus were evaluated against Staphylococcus areus and Escherichia coli. Table 1. Diameter of zone of inhibition of the Pleurotus species ethanol extract against S. aureus Treatment P. ostreatus P. florida P. cystidiosus Streptomycin Replicate 1 8.0 0.0 9.0 35.0 Replicate 2 7.5 0.0 9.0 35.0 Replicate 3 8.0 0.0 9.0 35.0 Mean 7.83 0.00 9.00 35.0

Analysis of Variance

Source Model Error Corrected Total

DF 3 8 11

Sum of Squares 2087.062500 0.166667 2087.229167

Mean Square 695.687500 0.020833

F Value 33393.0

Pr > F < .0001

Table 2. Diameter zone of inhibition of the extracts against E. coli.

Treatment P. ostreatus P. florida P. cystidiosus Streptomycin

Replicate 7.0 6.5 8.0 27.0

Replicate 2 7.0 6.5 8.0 27.0

Replicate 3 7.0 7.0 7.5 27.0

Mean 7.00 6.67 7.83 27.0

Analysis of Variance Source Model Error Corrected Total DF 3 8 11 Sum of Squares 887.2291667 0.3333333 887.5625000 Mean Square 295.7430556 0.0416667 F Value 7097.83 Pr > F < .0001

Discussion Among the Pleurotus species that were evaluated against S.aureus, P. cystidiosus recorded the highest diameter zone of inhibition with a mean of 9.00, followed by P. ostreatus with a mean of 7.83. However, no zone of inhibition was found in P. florida against S.aureus, although the zone of inhibition was not statistically comparable with streptomycin. However, results of Pleurotus species against E. coli show that P. florida recorded a diameter zone of inhibition obtaining a mean of 6.67, P. ostreatus having a mean of 7.0, and P. cystidiosus with a mean of 7.83. The presence of zone of inhibition in P. cystidiosus and P. ostreatus suggests that these two mushrooms have potentials in preventing growth of S. aureus. The results show that these Pleurotus species has potentials in inhibiting the growth of different bacteria such as S.aureus and E. coli.