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Human brain, the most valuable creation of God. The man is called intelligent because of the brain .Today we are developed because we can think, that other animals cannot do .But we loss the knowledge of a brain when the body is destroyed after the death of man. That knowledge might have been used for the development of the human society. What happen if we create a brain and up load the@ contents of natural brain into it. Blue brain " -The name of the world's first virtual brain. That means a machine that can function as human brain. Today scientists are in research to create an artificial brain that can think, response, take decision, and keep anything in memory. The main aim is to upload human brain into machine. So that man can think, take decision without any effort. After the death of the body, the virtual brain will act as the man .So, even after the death of a person we will not loose the knowledge, intelligence, personalities, feelings and memories of that man that can be used for the development of the human society. No one has ever understood the complexity of human brain. It is complex than any circuitry in the world. So, question may arise "Is it really possible to create a human brain?" The answer is "Yes". Because whatever man has created today always he has followed the nature. When man does not have a device called computer, it was a big question for all .But today it is possible due to the technology. Technology is growing faster than everything. IBM is now in research to create a virtual brain. It is called "Blue brain ".If possible, this would be the first virtual brain of the world. We can say Virtual brain is an artificial brain, which does not actually the natural brain, but can act as the brain .It can think like brain, take decisions based on the past experience, and response as the natural brain can. It is possible by using a super computer, with a huge amount of storage capacity, processing power and an interface between the human brain and this artificial one .Through this interface the data stored in the natural brain can be up loaded into the computer .
1.INTRODUCTION
Human brain, the most valuable creation of God. The man is called intelligent because of the Brain. But we loss the knowledge of a brain when the body is destroyed after the death. BLUE BRAIN- The name of the worlds first virtual brain. That means a machine that can function as human brain. The human brain has unlocked many of nature's secrets, but the secrets of the brain itself have remained elusive to scientists. Decades of probing into the brain's functioning hasn't yet given scientists a full grasp of the way the brain functions or is circuitry.
The Blue Brain project may be the answer we are looking for. A new initiative by scientists at the Brain Mind Institute at Switzerland's Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL) and IBM engineers aims to unlock the secrets of the brain, not by lab experiments, but by using the brute power of a supercomputer. The Blue Brain Project will run simulations of the brain's neurons to tease out their secrets. The project uses IBM's latest installation of BlueGene/L supercomputer running on Linux to run simulations of neurons. The Blue Brain computer will occupy the floor space of about four refrigerators and can reach a peak speed of some 22.8 teraflops -- 22.8 trillion calculations every second -- putting it among the the world's top 15 supercomputers. The fastest supercomputer in the world is at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory -- the BlueGene system, when finished later this year, will have a peak speed of 367 teraflops. Part of the reason why the brain and its functions remain a mystery is that most of the research till date have been 'wet-lab' ones, done on lab animals like rat and mice. These experiments are very complex and painfully slow to conduct, often taking two to three years to complete. This is where the blazing speed of IBM's Blue Brain computers will help. Its amazing number crunching ability will help speed up 2
the simulations of these 'wet-lab' experiments, cutting down on the time involved to a few days, sometimes seconds.
accurate, computer-based model of the entire brain. This will need a bigger Blue Brain and could take a decade to complete -- even with BlueGene/P, IBM's nextgeneration supercomputer.
3. FUNCTIONING OF BRAIN
Sensory Input :Receiving input such as sound ,image, etc through sensory cell . Interpretation. : Interpretation of the received input by the brain by states of neurons in the brain. Motor Output. : action Receiving of electric responses from the brain to perform any defining
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Architecture of Blue Gene Blue Gene/L is built using system-on-a-chip technology in which all
functions of a node (except for main memory) are integrated onto a single application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). This ASIC includes 2 PowerPC 440 7
cores running at 700 MHz. Associated with each core is a 64-bit double floating point unit (FPU) that can operate in single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) mode. Each (single) FPU can execute up to 2 multiply-adds per cycle, which means that the peak performance of the chip is 8 floating point operations per cycle (4 under normal conditions, with no use of SIMD mode). This leads to a peak performance of 5.6 billion floating point operations per second (gigaflops or GFLOPS) per chip or node, or 2.8 GFLOPS In non- SIMD mode. The two CPUs (central processing units) can be used in coprocessor mode (resulting in one CPU and 512 MB RAM (random access memory)for computation, the other CPU being used for processing the I/O (input/output) of the main CPU) or in virtual node mode (in which both CPUs with 256 MB each are used for computation). So, the aggregate performance of a processor card in virtual node mode is: 2 x node = 2 x 2.8 GFLOPS = 5.6 GFLOPS, and its peak performance(optimal use of double FPU) is: 2 x 5.6 GFLOPS = 11.2 GFLOPS. A rack (1,024 nodes= 2,048 CPUs) therefore has 2.8 teraflops or TFLOPS, and a peak of 5.6 TFLOPS.The Blue Brain Projects Blue Gene is a 4-rack system that has 4,096 nodes, equal to 8,192 CPUs, with a peak performance of 22.4 TFLOPS. A 64-rack machine should provide 180 TFLOPS, or 360 TFLOPS at peak performance.
Fig. Elementary building blocks of neural microcircuits. of the axonal barbarization is used (presynaptic innervations pattern) to contact which regions of the target neuron (postsynaptic innervations pattern), how many synapses are involved in forming connections, and the connectivity statistics between 9
any two types of neuron. Neurons receive inputs from thousands of other neurons, which are intricately mapped onto different branches of highly complex dendrite trees and require tens of thousands of compartments to accurately represent them. There is therefore a minimal size of a microcircuit and a minimal complexity of a neurons morphology that can fully sustain a neuron. A massive increase in computational power is required to make this quantum leap - an increase that is provided by IBMsBlue Gene supercomputer. By exploiting the computing power of Blue Gene, the Blue Brain Project1 aims to build accurate models of the mammalian brain from first principles. The first phase of the project is to build a cellular-level (as opposed toe genetic- or molecular-level) model of a 2-week-old rat somatosensory neocortexcorresponding to the dimensions of a neocortical column (NCC) as defined by the dendrite arborisations of the layer 5 pyramidal neurons. -
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The Blue Brain simulation uses one microprocessor for each of the 10,000 neurons in the cortical column of a rat's cerebral cortex.
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The modeling is also able to work out best way to compensate and repair error circuits.The blue brain model can be used to detect and test treatment statergies for neurological diseases.
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latest theory is that brain circuitry is in a complex state of flux, the brain rewiring itself every moment of its existence. If the scientists can crack open the secret of how and why the brain does it, the knowledge could lead to a revolutionary new breed of supercomputers. Such computers could make todays supercomputers look like lumbering analog calculators!
4.8 ADVANTAGES:
It acts as a supercomputer. Improvements in processing, speed and memory could make entire human brain simulated. Things could be remembered without any effort. Use the intelligence of the person after death. It can make decisions entirely of its own. Allowing the deaf to hear via direct nerve stimulation.
4.9 DISADVANTAGES:
We become dependent upon the computers. Another fear is found with respect to human cloning. A very costly procedure of regaining the memory back.
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A program to convert the electric impulses from the brain to input signal, which is to be received by the computer and vice versa.
Very powerful Nanobots to act as the interface between the natural brain and the computer.
The Blue Brain has some 8,000 processors which map one or two simulated brain neurons to each processor, making the computer a replica of 10,000 neurons.
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5. CONCLUSION
Will be able to transfer ourselves into the computer at some point. Eventually aim of applying terrific computer power to the simulation of an entire brain. Very soon this technology will be highly accepted whole over the world.
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6.REFERENCES
[1] Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2008. EMBS 2008. 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE [2] Henry Mark ram, The Blue Brain Project, Nature Reviews Neuroscience 2006 February. [3] Simulated brain closer to thought BBC News 22 April 2009. [4] Project Milestones. Blue Brain. http://bluebrain.epfl.ch/Jahia/site/bluebrain/op/edit/pid/19085 [5] Graham-Rowe, Duncan. Mission to build a simulated brain begins, New Scientist, June 2005. pp. 1879-85. [6] Blue Gene: http://www.research.ibm.com/bluegene [7] The Blue Brain Project: http://bluebrainproject.epfl.ch
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