The Cold War

by Alyssa Royce, Lauren Sakata, Colin Schwartz,

Megan Villanueva, and Anthony Zhu

1
Division of Germany

Germany was divided

into four occupation
zones: USSR, USA,
France, and Britain

Berlin was also divided

into four zones

2
Division of Germany

France, Britain,
US unite

West Germany vs.

East Germany

West Berlin vs.

East Berlin

3
 Marshall Plan

Winter of 1946-1947 was very harsh

June 1947 - Secretary of State George Marshall

proposed a plan to aid European nations that
needed it

also known as the European Recovery Program

was offered to USSR and allies, but they refused

4
 Marshall Plan
Over 4 years, 16
countries received
$13 billion

By 1952, Western
Europe had lost
interest in
Communism
Countries that received aid:
Austria, Belgium/Luxembourg, Denmark,
France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy/Trieste, Netherlands, Norway,
Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey,
Britain

5
 Berlin Blockade
Blockade occurred between June 24, 1948 -
May 11, 1949

6
 Berlin Blockade
Causes:

Allied Powers wanted to unite zones into one

country

January 1947 - USA and Britain combined

their zones to create the country of Bizonia

Introduction of new Deutsche mark ->

violation of agreements between Soviets and
Allies

7
 Berlin Blockade
Effects:

Blockade of all rail, road, and water

communications between West Germany
and East Germany

Soviets cut off electricity to West Berlin

Starvation and disease occurred

Only had 5 weeks worth of food to feed

West Germans until supplies ran out

8
Berlin Blockade
Operation Vittles

Primary needs: food

and coal

Combined Airlift
Task Force (US and
Britain) - Major
General Willran H.
Tunner

9
 Berlin Blockade
Berlin Airlift lasted 327
days

277, 000 flights

Brought 2.3 million tons of

food, medicine, fuel,
Christmas gifts to West
Berliners

USSR decided to stop ban

because US had won this
battle
10
 NATO
NATO: North Atlantic
Treaty Organization

Formed April 4, 1949 -

12 countries

Western countries that

wanted to limit the
power of the Soviet Original NATO members:
Union (especially after USA, Canada, Belgium, Denmark, France,
Great Britain, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg,
the Berlin Blockade) Netherlands, Norway, Portugal

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 NATO
Countries vowed to
support each other in
event of an attack

Ended US isolation

1952 - added Greece

and Italy

1955 - added West

Germany

12
 NATO

After the addition of West Germany, the Soviet Union

created the Warsaw Pact

An attack on one country would be like trying to

attack all the NATO countries

13
 Berlin Wall

The Berlin Wall was built

in 1961 using concrete
and barbed wire

Divided East and West

Germany

The wall spanned 110

miles, going up 10-15 feet
high

14
Berlin Wall

The “Death Strip” was a

small area between the
fences that was patrolled
by the East Germany
police

Eventually the wire and

brick was replaced with
concrete and steel

15
 Berlin Wall

The Berlin Wall

split Germany for
28 years

200 people died

trying to get over
the wall

16
What was the Cold
War really about?
Establishing US as the world’s biggest
superpower

East vs. West

Defeating Communism

Making allies and keeping enemies in check

Consumerism/raising revenue

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