Title:

Night Vision
#13 Jade
Li Arolf R. Rey

I. Background of the study

Night vision is the ability to see in a
dark environment. Whether by
biological or technological means,
night vision is made possible by a
combination of two approaches:
sufficient spectral range, and sufficient
intensity range. Humans have poor
night vision compared to many
animals, in part because the human
eye lacks a tapetum lucidum. [edit]
Spectral range
Night-useful spectral range techniques
make the viewer sensitive to types of
light that would be invisible to a
human observer. Human vision is
confined to a small portion of the
electromagnetic spectrum called
visible light. Enhanced spectral range
allows the viewer to take advantage of
non-visible sources of electromagnetic
radiation (such as near-infrared or
ultraviolet radiation). Some animals
can see well into the infrared and/or
ultraviolet compared to humans,
enough to help them see in conditions
humans cannot.
Intensity range
Sufficient intensity range is simply the
ability to see with very small
quantities of light. Although the
human visual system can, in theory,
detect single photons under ideal
conditions, the neurological noise
filters limit sensitivity to a few tens of
photons, even in ideal conditions.
Many animals have better night vision
than humans do, the result of one or
more differences in the morphology
and anatomy of their eyes. These
include having a larger eyeball, a
larger lens, a larger optical aperture
(the pupils may expand to the physical
limit of the eyelids), more rods than
cones (or rods exclusively) in the
retina, a tapetum lucidum, and
improved neurological filtering.
Enhanced intensity range is achieved
via technological means through the
use of an image intensifier, gain
multiplication CCD, or other very low-
noise and high-sensitivity array of
photodetectors.
In biological night vision, molecules of
rhodopsin in the rods of the eye
undergo a change in shape as light is
absorbed by them. Rhodopsin is the
chemical that allows night-vision, and
is extremely sensitive to light.
Exposed to white light, the pigment
immediately bleaches, and it takes
about 30 minutes to regenerate fully,
but most of the adaptation occurs
within the first five or ten minutes in
the dark. Rhodopsin in the human rods
is insensitive to the longer red
wavelengths of light, so many people
use red light to preserve night vision
as it will not deplete the eye's
rhodopsin stores in the rods and
instead is viewed by the cones.
Many animals have a tissue layer
called the tapetum lucidum in the
back of the eye that reflects light back
through the retina, increasing the
amount of light available for it to
capture. This is found in many
nocturnal animals and some deep sea
animals, and is the cause of eyeshine.
Humans do not have a tapetum
lucidum and, moreover, only 10% of
the light that enters the human eye
falls on photosensitive parts of the
retina. An animal's ability to see in low
light levels may be similar to what
humans see when using first or
perhaps second generation image
intensifiers .
Large size of the eye, and large size of
the pupil relative to the eye, also
contribute to night vision.

II. Problem of the study

1. Covering your eye with an eye

patch for a certain period of

time, then uncovering it, can
help you see in the dark?
2.Can age of the person affect
this phenomenon?
III. Hypothesis of the study
I think that if you cover the eye
of a younger person, then the
better she/he can see in the dark
in contrast to the older ones.
IV. Objectives of the study
General objective: To determine
the effect of a person’s visibility
in the dark by putting an eye
patch to him/her.
Specific objective:
1. To cover the eyes of the
volunteers with different ages
with an eye patch for three
different periods of time.
2. To place the materials
specified in the IP then showing
it to the volunteers. Then record
the data.
3. To compare if what age of
person can better see in the
dark for a period of time.

V. Design of the study

A.Variables
Controlled Variables
- Number of test subjects
- Interval of 5 minutes per
subject
Manipulated Variables
- Age of the test subject
 - Length of the time the eye
will be covered
Responding Variable
- Visibility in the dark
B.Materials
- 10 volunteers
5 adults- aged 21 yrs
and above
5 young- aged 5 to 14
yrs old
- 10 eye patches
- 1 dark room
- 1 cup
- 1 deodorant
- 1 pair of scissors
- 1 P5.00 coin
- 1 whiteboard marker
- 1 glass
- 1 spoon
- 1 fork
- 1 saucer
- 1 lotion

C.Procedures
1.Prepare the eye patch by
putting rubber band or a piece
of cloth as tie.
2.Put the materials needed on
the table.
3.Inside the dark room, the
volunteers will be asked to
identify the item as shown by
the researcher. Record the data
on how many she/he got
right/wrong.
4. After doing #3, cover the eye

of the volunteer with the eye

patch for 15 minutes, Allot an
interval of 5 minutes in doing
this to each volunteer. After 15
minutes switch position of the
eye patch so that the covered
eye will be exposed then do
the same procedure on #2.
5.After doing #4, switch the
position of the eye patch and
wait for 30 minutes before
 switching back again. Then do
the same procedure on #2
6. After doing #5, switch the

position of the eye patch and

wait for 45 minutes before
switching it again. Then do the
same on procedure #2.s
VI. Results of the study
The results of the experiment
show that younger people have a
good visibility in the dark if their
eye was covered too long. Some
of the older ones have a nice
visibility in the dark but some
can’t really see well. I conclude
that…..
V11. Summary of the results
Our hypothesis is correct! We
conclude that younger persons
can see better in the dark in a
period of 15-30 minutes.
NAKAABOT AKO 7:00!!!
WITNESS: GINO MAGAYANES,
RAMON RESPICIO, KARL LEGAZPI