INDUSTRIAL SOCIOLOGY The sociological study of social relationships and social structures in business settings.

Industrial sociology (also known as "sociology of organizations or industrial relations" or sociology of work) is both a study of the interaction of people within industry (e.g. boss-subordinate, interdepartmental, and management-union relations) and, on a macro sociological scale, the study of the impact of industrialization on whole societies. UNIT-1 CHAPTER-1 CONCEPT OF INDUSTRIAL SOCIOLOGY Sociology includes two terms, Industrial & Sociology. The term Industrial means concerning the industry. The word industry is derived from the Latin word Industria which means dexterity & resourcefulness. It is thus clear that industry is that technique under which anything is done efficiently & smoothly. Resourcefulness implies use of machinery, raw material etc, in economic manner. Sociology deals with society & society is nothing but a different name of social relations. Thus sociology pertains to or deals with social relations. In sociology all kinds of social relation are studied. It should also kept in mind, that sociology is a scientific study employing scientific methodology and techniques in its study of social relation. INDUSTRIAL SOCIOLOGY AND SOCIOLOGY Both are sciences Both use scientific methods and techniques Both focus on human relations Conclusions obtained by both are similar and parallel DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SOCIOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL SOCIOLOGY Scope of sociology are much wider than that of IS Sociology study wide spectrum IS studies the limited area only that is industry IS AND ECONOMICS ECONOMICS study the economic aspect of society and industry. It is concerned with economic relations IS AND INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY IP studies the human behaviour in industrial firms. It studies how the human behaves in an organization when come in contact with different individuals. IS AND ANTHROPOLOGY Anthropology studies the origin and development of human cultures

Study norms, values system, sentiments, interactions , group cohesiveness. SUBJECT MATTER OF INDUSTRIAL SOCIOLOGY Industrial organization ( compared to an organ) Basic elements of organization 1. components 2. adjustment between components 3.purposive activity Types of organization 1.Formal organization 2. informal organization Levels of organization FORMAL ORGANIZATION PRINCIPLES OF INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION Henry Fayol has given fourteen principles of industrial organizationDivision of work Authority and responsibility Discipline Unity of command Unity of direction Subordination of individual interests to general interests Remuneration of personnel Centralization Scalar chain Order Equity Stability of tenure of personnel Initiative Team spirit FACTORS AFFECTING INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION Personal factors 1 . Psychological factors i. Motivation ii. Incitement iii. Interest iv. Incitement v. Reward and punishment vi. Coordination vii. Establishing rapport between the workers viii. blocking 2. Physiological factors i. Health and capacity of organ ii. Fasting iii. Sleep iv. Drug addiction v. Use of tobacco 3. Environmental factors i. Light

ii. Ventilation iii. Temperature iv. Noise v. Rest pause vi. Group situation NATURE OF INDUSTRIAL SOCIOLOGY Industrial sociology is a science. Essential elements of sciences are the followings : Scientific method. Factual Universal Veridical Discovery of cause and effect relationship Prediction Industrial sociology as a science : By examining Industrial sociology on the basis of the six forgoing essentials can be known that Industrial sociology possesses all the essential characteristics of a science. Industrial sociology employs the scientific methods. All the methods of Industrial sociology are scientific. Such scientific methods are scales of sociometry, schedule, questionnaire, interview & case study. Industrial sociology is factual Industrial sociology make a scientific study of facts and the general principles involved in them. The principles of Industrial sociology are universal The Laws Of Industrial sociology prove true all the time and places. As long as the conditions do not vary the laws are devoid of any exceptions. Principles of Industrial sociology are veridical. The laws of Industrial sociology prove true at every verification & reverification and can be examined by anyone. Industrial sociology delineates cause-effect relationship. Industrial sociology has discovered a cause-effect relationship between the phenomena of individual disorganization & industrial disorganization. Industrial sociology can make predictions. On the basis of cause-effect relationship Industrial sociology can anticipate the future and make predictions concerning industrial relationship, activities etc. . Many sociologist still have the objection against industrial sociology being called a science. The objections are the followings: LACK OF OBJECTIVITY. INABILITY TO MEASURE SUBJECT MATTER. INDUSTRIAL SOCIOLOGY IS NOT EXACT. INDUSTRIAL SOCIOLOGY CANNOT MAKE PREDICTIONS Difference between social science & physical science Social science

it investigates the law related to man & his behaviors. the fundamental elements of social science are psychologically related. the basic elements of social science are mental state and behavior the study of society in social science have comparatively less exactness. it is difficult to construct laboratory for social science. Society is their laboratory. Physical science the physical science search for physical laws in natural phenomena. there is no equivalent in physical science. the basic elements of physical science have physical relation. physical science can make prediction high degree of exactness. there is a greater possibility of measurement SCOPE OF INDUSTRIAL SOCIOLOGY A. Internal relations In Industrial sociology we study the social or interpersonal relation among individual connected directly or indirectly with industry. The owner, the managerial staff and the labor are the examples. Formal relations : formal relation are those relation which are established between individuals in an industry on account of their work and position. It excludes personal relation and determined by hierarchical order in the industry. Informal relations : the personal and individualized relation among the member of the management and the employees are called informal relations. These relations may obtained among individuals or among group. Mixed relation : some relation which are neither purely formal nor purely informal are called mixed relation. Also termed as social technical or socio-functional relation. B. External industrial relation : a particular industry has relation with other industries, government and various social agencies, educational institutes etc. such relations are known as external industrial relations. IMPORTANCE OF INDUSTRIAL SOCIOLOGY Increase in knowledge: Increase in scientific knowledge : Remedies to problems of industrial society I Stability of industrial society Help in personality integration : Aid to familial integration : Choice of occupation : Social and labor welfare : Industrial Planning : Peace and prosperity : VALUE OF INDUSTRIAL SOCIOLOGY IN INDIA Knowledge of the labor class. labor welfare problems of urbanization problems of industrialization

division of labor. family reorganization economic progress social welfare development of labor organization rationalization nationalization industrial management problems of automation employer-employee relationship labor legislation national peace and progress industrial planning international relationship CHAPTER -2 DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL SOCIOLOGY FOUNDATIONS OF INDUSTRIAL SOCIOLOGY PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF IS Utility of psychology in industry Understanding individual differences Personal adjustment with the environment SOCIAL FOUNDATIONS OF IS Industrial worker and social progress Workers department and welfare schemes industrial management as a science Economic foundations of IS ECONOMIC FOUNDATIONS OF INDUSTRIAL SOCIOLOGY Economic factors have also played a very important part in the evolution of industrial sociology IS also helped in solving the economic problems of the workers. An employer needs to create such conditions in which the morale and efficiency of workers can be maintained Taylor give the principles of scientific management which says The development of a science for every element to remove the old fashioned methods Selection of most suitable individual for a specific job Humanistic relationship between management and workers to get the best out of workers Division of labor between the management and workers so that all the responsibility do not fell on the shoulder of one worker ELEMENTS OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT The main aim of scientific management is to improve the conditions of work. i. Methods of increasing work in less time ii. Division of work iii. Use of appropriate tools iv. Planning department v. Other rules in the organization

vi. Time saving plans vii. Guidance of worker viii. different scales of pay ix. Giving importance to outstanding work& incentives for it. THEORIES According to Marx, what distinguishes capitalist mode of production from the previous feudal mode of production is that labor becomes a commodity. When peasants became free to sell their own labor-power, and needed to do so because they no longer possessed their own land or tools necessary to produce. People sell their labor-power when they accept compensation in return for whatever work they do in a given period of time (in other words, they are not selling the product of their labor, but their capacity to work). In return for selling their labor power, they receive money, which allows them to survive. Those who must sell their labor power to live are proletarians. The person who buys the labor power, generally someone who does own the land and technology to produce, is a capitalist or bourgeois. Max Weber (1863-1920) The singular value, which defines all modern institution, according to Weber, is rationalization.. Rationalization is the process whereby an increasing number of social actions and interactions become based on considerations of efficiency or calculation rather than on motivations derived from custom, tradition, or emotion. It is conceived of as a core part of modernization and as manifested especially in behavior in the capitalist market; rational administration of the state and bureacracy; the extension of modern science; and the expansion of modern technology. This rational value in protestant ethic , according to Weber propelled capitalist development