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Drilling Program Operating Company Field Well Location Well Type Drilling Engineer Date of Issue Enal Domo San Pedro SP-02 Nayarit, Mexico Directional Production Well Louis Capuano III August 19, 2011
Signature Prepared Louis Capuano III Drilling Engineer Reviewed Salvador Espindola Technical Director Energas Alternas, Estudios y Proyectos S.A. de C.V. ThermaSource Inc.
Date
Table of Contents
Section: A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. General Well Information Surface Drilling Program Intermediate 1 Drilling Program Intermediate 2 Drilling Program Production Drilling Program BOP Wellhead Diagrams Directional Well Plan Geologic Well Plan and Site Map Preliminary Well Cost Estimate Lost Circulation Cementing Procedure Well Kill Procedure Top Job Cementing Procedure Leak-Off Procedure Blind Drilling Procedure Logging Procedure
Depth Interval MD 6m 100 m 300 m 1020 m 2124 m TVD 6m 100 m 300 m 1000 m 2000 m Casing 30, 98.9 ppf, Line Pipe, Welded pipe 20, 94 ppf, K-55, BTC 13-3/8, 68 ppf, K-55 BTC 9-5/8, 47 ppf, L-80, Tenaris 7, 29 ppf, L-80, Slotted Liner w/ TOL at 970 m MD.
Wellhead Information Flange Size 20 SOW x API 21-1/4, 2M 13-3/8 SOW x 13-5/8 3M Casing Head (must have a minimum bore of 12-3/8) API 13-5/8, 3M x 10 ANSI 900 Series Expansion Spool. 10 ANSI 900 Series Through Conduit Expanding Gate Valve. Pressure Test (psi) 250 / 1000 250 / 2000 250 / 2000 250 / 2000
Enal Drilling Program SP-02 Overview: SP-02 will be drilled as a directional production well. The well is to be drilled from surface to a True Vertical Depth of 2000 m. The directional drilling is intended to encounter a reservoir that lies below the San Pedro Dome. The well will be drilled vertically until the kick off point at 600 m is reached. At that time a directional drilling assembly will be used to build an angle of 25 degrees of inclination toward an azimuth of 225 degrees. Once 25 degrees is obtained, the rig will hold direction and inclination until TD. The rig should expect to encounter granitic formations at 1000 m. This granitic formation can be considered as the reservoir formation. An approximate surface formation temperature of 20C is to be expected. The temperature should rise approximately 15C/100m. The estimated reservoir temperature is 200C. Before the rig arrives on location, the 30 conductor pipe will be set at 6m TVD in a 40 open hole. The 20 surface casing will be set at 100 m in a 26 open hole. The 13-3/8 intermediate casing will be set at 300 m in a 17-1/2 open hole. The 9-5/8 cemented production casing will be set at 1000 m in a 12-1/4 open hole and will be the final casing cemented to the surface. The 8-1/2 hole section will be drilled to 2000 m while maintaining 25 degrees of inclination. The separation between bottom hole location and the vertical will be 580 m. The well will be completed with a 7 slotted liner hung at 970 m. Safety, Hazards and Special Considerations: Surface Hole The surface section of any well is designed to withstand subsurface pressures that may be encountered while drilling to the next casing point. The 20 casing that will be installed in the 26 open hole will withstand any pressures that may be encountered while drilling the 17-1/2 hole section to 300 m. From offset well data, it is recognized that the formations that will be encountered will consist primarily of rhyolite volcanics. There has been some evidence of some obsidian in certain wells in the area. The 26 hole section should be drilled using a mud motor in order to increase the rate of penetration. There has been no sign of lost circulation in this upper section of the wellbore. However it is critical to be prepared to cure losses. The rig should attempt to cure the upper loss zones with LCM before trying to pump a lost circulation cement plug. Intermediate Hole 1 This intermediate hole section and casing is designed to withstand any subsurface pressures that may be encountered while drilling the 12-1/4 hole section. It is likely to encounter dacites, rhyolites and obsidian in this hole section. These formations are known to have some fractures that may cause lost circulation. The rig should attempt to cure the upper loss zones with LCM before trying to pump a lost circulation cement plug.
Enal Drilling Program SP-02 Intermediate Hole 2 The 9-5/8 casing string will be the final casing string cemented to the surface. It has been designed to withstand any formation pressure that will be encountered while drilling to TD. It is likely to encounter dacites and rhyolites in this hole section. These formations are known to have some fractures that may cause lost circulation. The rig should attempt to cure the upper loss zones with LCM before trying to pump a lost circulation cement plug. The 12-1/4 hole section will be drilled vertically to a depth of 600 m, at which time the rig will pull out of the hole and run in with a directional assembly. The directional drilling assembly will begin building angle at 2.5 per 30 m until 25 of inclination is achieved. The well will be directed in a 225 azimuth toward the dome. It should take approximately 300 m to build the required 25. Once this has occurred the rig will hold the 25 of inclination and 225 of azimuth until the casing point of 1000 m TVD (1020 MD) is achieved. Production Hole The 8-1/2 hole section will be the final hole section in the well design. This section will be drilled through the potential reservoir. In order to protect the reservoir productivity, no bentonite mud may be used in this section. It can be assumed that the granitic reservoir formation will be encountered at 1000 m and will continue until the well is at TD (2000 m TVD). It is highly likely that the formations that will be encountered will be fractured resulting in massive lost circulation. Since this is the reservoir section of the well, no Lost Circulation Material or Cement Plugs may be used to cure the losses. If losses are severe then the rig will drill ahead blind with water. The water well and onsite storage must be adequate to supply enough water to drill blind. The section will be drilled using a mud motor and possibly and MWD tool. The MWD usage will depend on circulating temperatures. The 25 of inclination and 225 of azimuth will be maintained while drilling the production section. At section TD (2000 m TVD, 2124 m MD) the bottom hole location should be 580 m from the vertical surface location.
ENAL
Nayarit, Mexico: Domo San Pedro Project
HOLE Information
CONDUCTOR 40 in to 6 m SURFACE HOLE 26 in to 100 m
CASING Information
CONDUCTOR PIPE
30 in, Welded
SURFACE CASING
20 in, 94 ppf , K-55, Seamless
INTERMEDIATE CASING 1
13-3/8 in, 68 ppf, K-55, BTC, Seamless
Top of 7
INTERMEDIATE CASING 2
9-5/8 in, 47 ppf, L-80, Tenaris, Seamless
PRODUCTION LINER 1
7 in, 29 ppf , L-80, , Seamless
ThermaSource
GEOTHERMAL CONSULTING AND DRILLING
3883 Ai
D i
ENAL
Domo San Pedro Project
Days
0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
500
Measured Depth, m
1,000
1,500
2,000
ThermaSource
GEOTHERMAL CONSULTING AND DRILLING
2,500
See Drilling Fluids Program provided by Mud Engineering Company for further details. Run a maximum of 50,000 lbs WOB. An Average of 35,000 lbs to 45,000 would suffice. 26 BHA w/ Motor 26 BHA w/o Motor Drilling: 1. Move in and rig up on well. 1.1. Mix mud to desired properties. 1.2. Note on tour sheet and morning report when beginning to pick up the 26 BHA. 26 Bit, 9-1/2 Mud Motor, 26 Stab, 1 x 9-1/2 DC, Shock Sub, 26 Stab, 2 x 9-1/2 DC, XO Sub, 3 x 8 DC, XO Sub and 12 x 4-1/2 HWDP. 26 Bit, Near Bit Roller Reamer, 1 x 9-1/2 DC, 26 Stab, Shock Sub, 26 Stab, 2 x 9-1/2 DC, XO Sub, 3 x 8 DC, XO Sub
Enal Drilling Program SP-02 2. Make up 26 BHA and RIH to the top of cement in the conductor at approximately 6 m. 2.1. Circulate and condition mud. 3. Drill 26 hole from 6 m to 100 m. 3.1. The 26 hole section should take 1 bit run. 3.2. Collect, Dry, Bag and Label Formation Samples every 3 m. 3.3. Maintain desired mud properties to ensure proper hole cleaning. 3.4. Drill in singles with Kelly. 3.5. Limit ROP to 10 m/hr. 4. Attempt to cure lost circulation with lost circulation material. 4.1. If losses are severe set lost circulation cement plug. See Lost Circulation Cementing Procedure in Appendix. 5. Take drift shots at approximately 50 m and casing point. 5.1. Have excess mud weighting material on location in order to kill the well. See Well Kill Procedure in Appendix. 6. At TD make wiper trip back to 9-1/2 collars and return to bottom. 6.1. Circulate and pull out of the hole. 7. Run 20, 94 ppf, K-55, BTC casing equipped with a float shoe and stab-in float collar 1 joint above the shoe. 7.1. Tack-weld the float shoe and first three collars. 7.2. Place centralizers in the middle of the shoe joint and every third collar to surface. Leave the centralizer off the first collar below ground level. 7.3. Make sure circulating swage is onsite in order to circulate casing to bottom. 8. Run in the hole with stab-in sub on 4-1/2 drill pipe and stab into float shoe. 9. Cement casing as per cementing program. 9.1. Have 100 m of 1-1/4 pipe on location. 9.2. Perform ECD calculations with cementing personnel before pumping. 10. POOH with inner string and WOC 8 hours. 10.1. If a top job is required, wait a minimum of 4 hours prior to pumping top job cement. 10.2. See Top Job Cementing Procedure in Appendix. Wait a total of 8 hours prior to cutting off the casing.
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Enal Drilling Program SP-02 12. Weld on 20 SOW by 21-1/14, 2M casing head and pressure test to 500 psi. 13. Nipple up 21-1/4 BOP and function test. 13.1. 13.2. 13.3. Install the choke manifold and kill line on mud cross. Well head stack up to consist of the following components. 20 SOW x 21-1/4 2M casing head. 21-1/4 2M x 21-1/4 2M Mud Cross Spool with (2) 3-1/8 2M flanged outlets with valves. 21-1/4 2M Annular 21-1/4 Pitcher Nipple with Flow-T. See BOP Wellhead Diagram in Appendix.
14. Run into the hole with 17-1/2 BHA. 15. Pressure test the BOP and choke manifold to 350 psi for 30 minutes with 10% or less fall off. 15.1. 15.2. Chart the pressure test and retain copies for the regulatory agency and ENAL. Email copies of test data to ENAL.
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Cementing Table 1 26 open hole, 20 casing Slurry Details Spacer Lead 10 bbls Mud Clean, 30 bbls Fresh Water, 20 bbls Sodium Silicate Preflush 6 bbls Fresh Water. Inner String 15.6 ppg Top = Surface Bottom = 100 m 100% 191 bbls Class G Cement with 40% Silica Flour. N/A Tail
Cementing method Weight (ppg) Design Excess Approximate Volume of Cement (bbl) Cement
Pump Lead Cement until cement returns are observed at surface. Then under displace by 1 bbl. Displacement Volume = 3 bbls. Top Job Procedure Follow Top Job Cementing Procedure in Appendix.
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Run a maximum of 50,000 lbs of WOB. An average of 35,000 lbs to 45,000 lbs would suffice. 17-1/2 BHA w/o Motor 17-1/2 Bit, 17-1/2 Near Bit Stab, 1 x 9-1/2 DC, 17-1/2 Stab, 9-1/2 Shock Sub, 1 x 9-1/2 DC, 17-1/2 Stab, 3 x 9-1/2 DC, XO Sub, 7 x 8 DC, Drilling Jars, 2 x 8 DC, XO Sub, 12 x 4-1/2 HWDP. (Use this BHA not the BHA in the Directional Program) 17-1/2 Bit, 9-1/2 Mud Motor, 17-1/2 Stab, 1 x 9-1/2 DC, Shock Sub, 17-1/2 Stab, 2 x 9-1/2 DC, XO Sub, 5 x 8 DC, Drilling Jars, 2 x 8 DC, XO Sub and 12 x 4-1/2 HWDP. Dacites, Rhyolites and Obsidian.
1. Pick up the 17-1/2 BHA and run in the hole to the top of cement. 1.1. Clean out cement and drill out float shoe. 1.2. Drill 1.5 m of new formation.
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Enal Drilling Program SP-02 1.3. Perform Leak-off Test. See Leak-off Procedure in Appendix. 2. Drill 17-1/2 vertical hole to the 13-3/8 casing point at 300 m. 2.1. Install drill pipe float in the NBS equipped with high temperature rubber elements. 2.2. Collect, Dry, Bag and Label Formation Samples every 3 m. 2.3. Maintain desired mud properties to ensure proper hole cleaning. 2.4. Limit ROP to 20 m/hr. 3. Attempt to cure lost circulation with lost circulation material. 3.1. If losses are severe set lost circulation cement plug. See Lost Circulation Cementing Procedure in Appendix. An increase in flowline temperature (5.5C in a 30 m interval). 4. Watch for formation markers that indicate shallow geothermal zones: 4.2. Take drift shots at 100 m intervals. 4.3. Monitor the mud properties and utilize corrosion rings for corrosion control. 4.4. Have excess mud weighting material on location in order to kill the well. See Well Kill Procedure in Appendix. 5. The 17-1/2 hole section is expected to take 1 bit run. 5.1. At section TD circulate, survey and make a wiper trip to the 20 casing shoe and POOH. 6. Run 300 m of 13-3/8, 68 ppf, K-55 BTC Casing equipped with a float shoe, 1 joint of casing and a stab-in float collar. 6.1. Weld the shoe track including the float collar and one additional collar. 6.2. Place centralizers in the middle of the shoe track and every third collar to surface. Leave centralizer off first collar below ground level. 7. Make sure circulating swage is onsite in order to circulate casing to bottom. 8. Run in the hole with stab in sub on 4-1/2 drill pipe and stab into float collar. 8.1. Maintain drilling mud properties prior to cementing. 9. Cement casing as per cementing program summarized in Table 2 below. 9.1. Have 100 m of 1-1/4 pipe on location. 9.2. Perform ECD calculations with cementing personnel before pumping. 10. POOH with inner string and WOC 8 hours. 10.1. If a top job is required, wait a minimum of 4 hours prior to pumping top job cement.
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Enal Drilling Program SP-02 10.2. See Top Job Cementing Procedure in Appendix. Wait on top job cement for 8 hours prior to cutting off casing.
11. Cut off 13-3/8 casing as required for the BOP stack up. 12. Weld on 13-3/8 SOW x 13-5/8 3M casing head and pressure test the weld to 1000 psi. Must be leveled with high accuracy. 12.1. 12.2. 12.3. 12.4. 12.5. 12.6. o o 12.7. 13-3/8 SOW x 13-5/8 3M casing head must have a minimum bore of 12-3/8. Complete both a pre-weld and post-weld heat treat on casing head weld. Follow TNG welding procedure for K-55 casing to the ASME 4130 wellhead. Nipple up 13-5/8 BOP and function test. Install choke manifold and kill line on mud cross outlets. The wellhead stack up shall consist of the following components. 13-3/8 SOW x 13-5/8 3M Casing Head with 3-1/8 3M side Outlets. 13-5/8 3M x 13-5/8 5M Crossover Spool. 13-5/8 5M Mud Cross with 3-1/8 5M valves. 13-5/8 5M Double Gate Ram Preventer Bottom Rams Blind Rams Top Rams Pipe Rams 13-5/8 5M x 13-5/8 5M Annular 13-5/8 5M Rotating Head. See BOP Wellhead Diagrams in Appendix.
12.8. Pressure test the Blind Rams and choke manifold to 250 and 1500 psi for 30 minutes with 10% or less fall off. 12.9. Run in the Hole with 12-1/4 BHA. 12.10. Test pipe rams and annular preventer to 250 and 1500 psi for 30 min with 10% or less fall off. 12.11. 12.12. Chart the pressure test and retain copies for the regulatory agency and ENAL. Email copies of test data to ENAL.
15
Cementing Table 2 17-1/2 open hole, 13-3/8 casing Slurry Details Spacer Lead 20 bbls Mud Clean, 50 bbls Fresh Water, 40 bbls Sodium Silicate Preflush 10 bbls Fresh Water. Inner String 13.5 ppg Top = Surface Bottom = 200 m 100% 162 bbls Class G Cement with 40% Silica Flour. N/A Tail
Cementing method Weight (ppg) Design Excess Approximate Volume of Cement (bbl) Cement
Inner String 15.6 ppg Top = 200 m Bottom = 300 m 0% 50 bbls Class G Cement with 40% Silica Flour.
Pump Lead Cement until cement returns are observed at surface. Then switch and pump entire volume of Tail Cement and under displace by 2 bbls. Displacement Volume = 11 bbls. Top Job Procedure Follow Top Job Cementing Procedure in Appendix.
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10.0 12.0
Run a maximum of 60,000 lbs of WOB. An average of 40,000 lbs to 50,000 lbs would suffice. 12-1/4 BHA w/o Motor 12-1/4 BHA w/ Motor 12-1/4 BHA Directional Potential Formations 12-1/4 Bit, NBS, 8 Monel, 12-1/4 String Stabilizer, 1 x 8 DC, 12-1/4 String Stabilizer, 10 x 8 DC, Jar, 2 x 8 DC, XO, 12 x 4-1/2 HWDP 12-1/4 Bit, 8 Mud Motor, 12-1/4 Stab, 8 Monel, Shock Sub, 12-1/4 Stab, 10x 8 DC, Drilling Jars, 2 x 8 DC, XO Sub and 12 x 4-1/2 HWDP. 12-1/4 Bit, 8 Steerable Mud Motor, 12-1/4 Stab, 8 Orientation Sub, 8 MWD, Monel, 13 x 8 DC, Drilling Jars, 2 x 8 DC, XO Sub and 12 x 41/2 HWDP. Rhyolites, Dacites and Granite
17
Drilling: 1. Make up 12-1/4 Motor BHA and RIH to the top of cement at approximately 260 m. 1.1. Install drill pipe float in the NBS equipped with high temperature rubber elements. 1.2. Circulate and condition mud. 1.3. Drill out cement and shoe track to 300 m. 1.4. Drill 1.5 m of new formation. 1.5. Perform Leak-off test. See Leak-off Procedure in Appendix. 2. Drill ahead to 600 m TVD. 2.1. Collect, Dry, Bag and Label Formation Samples every 3 m. 2.2. Maintain desired mud properties to ensure proper hole cleaning. 2.3. Limit ROP to 20 m/hr. 2.4. Take deviation surveys every 50 m. 2.5. Attempt to keep well vertical. 3. At 600 m pull out of the hole and pick up 12-1/4 Directional BHA. 3.1. Run back into the well. 3.2. Tag bottom and orient directional assembly. 4. Directionally drill 12-1/4 hole to section TD at 1020 m MD / 1000 m TVD. 4.1. Begin building angle at 2.5 / 30 m of hole with an azimuth of 225. 4.2. Once 25 is reached hold angle and drill ahead. It should take 305 m to obtain desired deviation. 4.3. Building should occur with an azimuth of 225. 4.4. Limit ROP to 20 m/hr. 4.5. Collect, Dry, Bag and Label Formation Samples every 3 m. 4.6. Maintain desired mud properties to ensure proper hole cleaning. 4.7. Granitic formations may be present around 1000 m TVD. 5. Attempt to cure lost circulation with lost circulation material. 5.1. If losses are severe set lost circulation cement plug. See Lost Circulation Cementing Procedure in Appendix.
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Enal Drilling Program SP-02 6. Monitor the flowline temperature. Report increases especially those greater than 5.5C/30 m. 6.2. Monitor the mud properties and utilize corrosion rings for corrosion control. 7. The 12-1/4 hole section is expected to take 3 bit runs. 8. At section TD, circulate, make a wiper trip to the 13-3/8 casing shoe and POOH. 9. Run approximately 1020 m of 9-5/8, 47 ppf, L-80, Tenaris connection casing equipped with a float shoe, 2 joints of casing and a stab-in float collar. 9.1. Weld the shoe track including the float collar and one additional collar. 9.2. Place centralizers in the middle of the shoe track and every third collar to surface. Leave centralizer off first collar below ground level. 10. Make sure circulating swage is onsite in order to circulate casing to bottom. 11. Run in the hole with stab in sub on 4-1/2 drill pipe and stab into float collar. 11.1. 12.1. 12.2. Maintain drilling mud properties prior to cementing. Have 100 m of 1-1/4 pipe on location. Perform ECD calculations with cementing personnel before pumping. 12. Cement casing as per cementing program summarized in Table 3 below.
13. POOH with inner string and WOC 8 hours. 13.1. If a top job is required, wait a minimum of 4 hours prior to pumping top job cement. 13.2. See Top Job Cementing Procedure in Appendix. Wait on top job cement for 8 hours prior to cutting off casing.
14. Unbolt Crossover Spool from wellhead. 15. Lift BOP stack off of wellhead and make rough cut on 9-5/8 casing. 15.1. Rough cut must be made according to Expansion Spool Manufacturer Standard Operating Procedure. Every manufacturer uses different dimensions in the construction of the expansion spool. The manufacturer should have a procedure to cut and set expansion spool.
16. Move BOP stack from under rig and set aside. 17. Take measurement and make final cut on casing as per Expansion Spool Manufacturer procedure. 18. Nipple up expansion spool and master valve. 19. Energize pack-off. 20. Nipple up BOP stack.
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Enal Drilling Program SP-02 20.1. o o 20.2. The wellhead stack up shall consist of the following components. 13-3/8 SOW x 13-5/8 3M Casing Head with 2 x 3-1/8 3M side Outlets. 12 ANSI 900 Series x 10 ANSI 900 Series Expansion Spool with 2 x 3-1/8 3M side Outlets. 10 ANSI 900 Series Through Conduit Expanding Gate Valve 10 ANSI 900 Series x API 13-5/8 5M Crossover Spool. 13-5/8 5M Double Gate Ram Preventer Bottom Rams Blind Rams Top Rams Pipe Rams 13-5/8 5M x 13-5/8 5M Annular 13-5/8 Rotating Head. See BOP Wellhead Diagrams in Appendix.
20.3. Pressure test the Blind Rams and choke manifold to 250 and 2000 psi for 30 minutes with 10% or less fall off. 20.4. Run into the 8-1/2 BHA. 20.5. Test pipe rams and annular preventer to 250 and 1500 psi for 30 min with 10% or less fall off. 20.6. 20.7. Chart the pressure test and retain copies for the regulatory agency and ENAL. Email copies of test data to ENAL.
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Cementing Table 3 12-1/4 open hole, 9-5/8 casing Slurry Details Spacer Lead 20 bbls Mud Clean, 50 bbls Fresh Water, 40 bbls Sodium Silicate Preflush 10 bbls Fresh Water. Inner String 13.5 ppg Top = 0 m Bottom = 920 m 100% on open hole section 286 bbl Class G Cement with 40% Silica Flour. N/A Tail
Cementing method Weight (ppg) Design Excess Approximate Volume of Cement (bbl) Cement
Inner String 15.6 ppg Top = 920 m Bottom = 1020 m 100% on open hole section 39 bbl Class G Cement with 40% Silica Flour.
Comments: Pump Lead Cement until cement returns are observed at surface. Then switch and pump entire volume of Tail Cement and under displace by 2 bbls. Displacement Volume = 45 bbl Top Job Procedure Follow Top Job Cementing Procedure in Appendix.
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Run a maximum of 50,000 lbs of WOB. An average of 30,000 lbs to 40,000 lbs would suffice. 8-1/2 BHA w/o Motor 8-1/2 BHA w/ Motor 8-1/2 Directional BHA 8-1/2 Bit, NBS, Monel, 8-1/2 String Stabilizer, 1 x 6-1/4 DC, 8-1/2 String Stabilizer, 14 x 6-1/4 DC, Jar, 2 x 6-1/4 DC, XO, 12 x 4-1/2 HWDP. (Use this BHA not the BHA in the Directional Program) 8-1/2 Bit, 6-1/4 Mud Motor, 8-1/2 Stab, Monel, Shock Sub, 8-1/2 Stab, 12x 6-1/4 DC, Drilling Jars, 2 x 6-1/4 DC, XO Sub and 12 x 41/2 HWDP. 8-1/2 Bit, 6-1/4 Steerable Mud Motor, 8-1/2 Stab, 6-1/4 Orientation Sub, 6-1/4 MWD, 8-1/2 Under-gage Top Stab, 13 x 6-1/4 DC, Drilling Jars, 2 x 6-1/4 DC, XO Sub and 12 x 4-1/2 HWDP.
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Potential Formations
Granite
Drilling: 1. RIH with Motor 8-1/2 BHA. 1.1. Install drill pipe float in the bit sub equipped with high temperature rubbers elements. 2. Drill 8-1/2 hole to section TD at 2124 m MD / 2000 m TVD. 2.1. Have under-gage stabilizers onsite in case course direction change is needed. 2.2. Survey at 100 m intervals. 2.3. Adjust BHA as necessary to maintain angle and azimuth. If well deviates from plan consider a directional correction run. 2.4. Building should occur to SW 45 NE with an azimuth of 225. 2.5. Collect, Dry, Bag and Label Formation Samples every 5 m. 2.6. Maintain desired mud properties to ensure proper hole cleaning. 2.7. Monitor the mud properties and utilize corrosion rings for corrosion control. 2.8. Monitor the flowline temperature. Report increases especially those greater than 5.5C / 30 m. 3. If circulation cannot be maintained: 3.1. Pull up to the 9-5/8 casing shoe and begin circulating water. 3.2. Pump theoretical hole volume of water. 3.3. Begin to stage back into the hole trying to circulate with water every 3 stands. 4. Follow Blind Drilling Procedure in Appendix. 5. The 8-1/2 hole section is expected to take 4 bit runs. 5.1. At section TD circulate, make a wiper trip to the 9-5/8 casing shoe and POOH. 6. Rig up logging tools consisting of TP and Geophysical tools 6.1. See Logging Procedure in Appendix. 7. Run logs to TD and back to the 9-5/8 liner shoe. 8. POOH with logging tools. 8.1. Onsite Geologist may want to take spot cores at TD. 9. If logging tools did not reach bottom, then make wiper trip with 8-1/2 BHA to bottom. 10. Run approximately 1154 m of 7, 29 ppf, L-80, Slotted Liner on a 9-5/8 x 7 landing collar.
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Enal Drilling Program SP-02 10.1. 10.2. 10.3. 10.4. 10.5. 10.6. Plan liner for a 50 m liner lap with blank casing. Adjust the amount of perforated liner based on the final section TD. Equip liner with a drillable guide shoe. Weld the bottom four joints of casing. Run liner in the hole on 4-1/2 drill pipe. Set liner on bottom and release from landing collar.
11. POOH and lay down setting tool. 12. Run TP Survey once out of the hole. 12.1. 12.2. Equip TP logging tool with centralizer and sinker bar. See Logging Procedure in Appendix.
13. Test well per Onsite Geologists recommendations. 14. Rig down and move off location.
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25
211/14"Pitcher NipplewithFlowT
API211/4"2M AnnularPreventer
211/4"2MMud Crossw/31/8"
20"Casing
GroundLevel
26
API135/8"5M AnnularPeventer
133/8"Casing 20"Casing
GroundLevel
27
135/8"Annular Peventer
135/8"5MDouble GatePreventer
135/8"x10"900
10"900Master Valve
133/8"Casing 20"Casing
GroundLevel
28
8"900Blank Flange
133/8"Casing 20"Casing
GroundLevel
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
Enal Drilling Program SP-02 18. Run back into the well and tag cement top. 19. Establish circulation. 19.1. If circulation cannot be established return to Step 1. 20. Drill out cement and back to bottom. 20.1. If circulation is lost return to Step 1 after drilling 5 additional feet. 21. Drill ahead as planned. Equations Nomenclature DH = Hole ID (inch) DDPO = Drill Pipe OD (inch) DDPI = Drill Pipe ID (inch) LSA = Length of Spacer Ahead (ft) LCMT = Linear Length of Cement Plug (ft) LSB = Length of Spacer Behind (ft) LCMTA = Length of Cement in Annulus (ft) LCMTDP = Length of Cement in DP (ft) LDP = Length of Drill Pipe (ft) 1. AnnularCapacity 1.1. CA (bbl/ft) = (DH2 DDPO 2)/1029.4 2. Volume of Spacer Ahead 2.1. VSA (bbl) = LSA * CA 3. Volume of Cement 3.1. LCMT (ft) = determined by engineer. 3.2. CH (bbl/ft) = DH2/1029.4 3.3. VCMT (bbl) = LCMT * CH 4. Volume of Spacer Behind 4.1. LSA (ft) = LSB (ft) 4.2. CDP (bbl/ft) = (DDPI2)/1029.4 4.3. VSB (bbl) = CDP * LSB 5. Volume of Displacement 5.1. LCMTA (ft) = LCMTDP (ft) = LCMT (ft) 5.2. VDis (bbl) = (LDP (LSB + LCMT + LFL)) * CDP
LFL = Depth of Fluid Level (ft) CA = Annular Capacity (bbl/ft) CH = Hole Capacity (bbl/ft) CDP = Capacity of Drill Pipe (bbl/ft) VSA = Volume of Spacer Ahead (bbl) VCMT = Volume of Cement (bbl) VSB = Volume of Spacer Behind (bbl) VDP = Volume of Drill Pipe (bbl) VDis = Volume of Displacement Fluid (bbl)
39
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Flow Check Procedure 1. 2. 3. 4. Pull up off bottom and space out tool joint to the rotary table. Stop Rotation Shut Down Pumps. Monitor Flow.
If flow does occur then the well must be shut in and killed. There are primarily two methods for killing flowing wells; these are the Drillers Method and the Wait and Weight Method. Both methods require the operator to perform two actions; 1 Weight up the drilling fluid, 2 Circulate out the formation fluid. The difference between the two methods is the order of these operations. In geothermal, the common practice is to use the Drillers Method because it circulates the formation fluid out of the well as soon as possible. Drillers Method is described in the Well Kill Procedure below. Well Kill Procedure 1. Shut in well. 1.1. Make sure Adjustable Choke is closed. 1.2. Close Pipe Rams. 1.3. Open all valves in line to Adjustable Choke (keeping Adjustable Choke closed). 2. Record Initial Data 2.1. Present Mud Weight (MW). 2.2. Depth of Kick: MD and TVD. 2.3. Pit Gain (Kick Size) 2.4. Shut in Drill Pipe Pressure (SIDPP) from standpipe. 2.5. Shut in Casing Pressure (SICP) from choke pressure gage. 2.6. Slow Circulating Rate (SCR) and Pressure (SCP) for 1 pump. 3. Determine Initial Circulating Pressure (ICP) 3.1. ICP = SCP + SIDPP 4. Slowly bring the mud pump up to SCR while keeping the SICP constant with the Adjustable Choke. 5. Once pump is up to speed keep pump pressure equal to ICP using the Adjustable Choke. 6. Continue to pump at ICP using Adjustable Choke for control until the Choke Pressure (Casing Pressure) equals SIDPP. 7. Close Choke and shut pump down. 8. Record SICP and SIDPP 9. Calculate Kill Weight Mud Density (KWM). 9.1. KWM = MW + [SIDPP/(.052*TVD)]
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Enal Drilling Program SP-02 10. Calculate Downhole mud volume. 10.1. Hole Volume = Open Hole without drill pipe * Capacity Factor for Hole Size 10.2. Drill Pipe Volume = Length of Drill String * Capacity Factor for Drill Pipe Size 10.3. Annular Volume for open hole = Section Length * (Capacity factor for open hole Capacity factor for drill pipe). 10.4. Annular Volume for casing = Section Length * (Capacity factor for casing Capacity factor for drill pipe). 10.5. Total downhole mud volume = Hole Volume + Drill Pipe Volume + Annular Volume for Open Hole + Annular Volume for Casing. 11. Weight up mud in pits. 11.1. Make sure that the volume of weighted mud is greater than total downhole mud volume. 12. Calculate Final Circulating Pressure (FCP) 12.1. FCP = SCP * KWM/MW 13. Slowly bring the mud pump up to SCR while keeping the SICP constant with the Adjustable Choke. 14. Once pump is up to speed keep SICP constant using the Adjustable Choke. 15. The Pump rate should remain constant until FCP is reached. 15.1. This means that the KWM has reached the bit. 16. Continue to pump at the same rate while keeping FCP constant on the pump using the adjustable choke. 17. Once KWM has reached surface the well should be killed and static. 18. Shut down pumps. 19. Check for flow. 20. If flow occurs return to step 1. 21. If no flow occurs 21.1. Calculate New Mud Weight 21.1.1. NMW = KWM + 0.3 ppg 21.2. Finish weighting up mud in pits to NMW. 22. Bring pump up to speed. 23. Circulate mud around until NMW returns to surface. 24. Return to bottom and drill ahead.
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Enal Drilling Program SP-02 10.1.1. Pump rate should be no more than 1 bbl/min. 11. Begin recording data. 11.1. Activate EDR. 11.2. Record time, pressure, flow rate, and total volume pumped every second. 11.3. Take initial readings manually if EDR is not present. 11.4. Record time, pressure, strokes per minute and total strokes every 10 seconds. 11.5. Stop Pumping. 12. Close the pipe rams and start pumping into the well at a steady rate of approximately .5 bbl/min. Once the pump rate has been set do not attempt to make pump rate adjustments during the test. 13. After fracture initiation occurs, when pump pressure levels off continue pumping for at least 5 minutes or until a stabilized injection pressure can be determined from the pressure monitoring system. 14. Note and record the stabilized injection pressure. Shut down the pump, but do not bleed off the pressure. 15. Monitor pressure decline as fluid leaks off into the formation. Continue monitoring pressure decline until fracture closure can be identified. If no clear closure can be seen, continue to monitor until the pressure has stabilized or for a maximum of 15 minutes. 16. Generate a plot of the pump pressure vs. volume pumped as shown in the figure below. 17. Calculate the fracture gradient using the stabilized injection pressure with the equation below. Fracture Gradient = (SIP+(TVD-RF +GH)*MW*0.052)/(TVD-RF) where, SIP stabilized injection pressure TVD - true vertical depth as measured from rotary table GH - pressure gage height above ground level MW - mud weight RF rig floor height above ground level (psig) (ft) (ft) (lb/gal) (ft)
Data Interpretation
The leak off test can be used to define several different pressure values, which are shown in the figure and described below. 1. Breakdown Pressure (BP) - The highest pressure reached when first initiating a fracture. 2. Stabilized Injection Pressure (SIP) - The combination of friction pressure losses in the system and pressure required to hold the fracture open. 3. Instantaneous Shut In Pressure (ISIP) - The pressure measured immediately after flow is stopped and is equal to the pressure required to hold the fracture open to a given width.
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Enal Drilling Program SP-02 4. Closure Pressure (CP) - The pressure at which the fracture closes. This is interpreted as the minimum principle stress.
600
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0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Volume Pumped Time
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500
Pressure (Psig)
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Logging Procedure for an Evacuated Wellbore or Flowing Well 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Pull out of the hole. Run in the hole with 2 joints of drill pipe. Close annular preventer around drill pipe. Rig up wireline equipment on pad and in derrick. Screw lubricator onto drill pipe. Pump cold water through wellhead side outlets in order to cool well. Run Wireline logs in hole. Log planned interval and remove tools from wellbore. 8.1. Monitor tool temperature. 8.2. Prepare to remove tools before tool temperature threshold is reached. 9. Rig down logging equipment. 10. Return to Drilling Program for casing procedure.
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