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Definition:
A column-oriented DBMS is a database management system (DBMS) that stores its content by column rather than by row. The goal of a columnar database is to efficiently write and read data to and from hard disk storage in order to speed up the time it takes to return a query.
Description:
In a columnar database, all the column 1 values are physically together followed by all the column 2 values, etc. The data is stored in record order, so the 100th entry for column 1 and the 100th entry for column 2 belong to the same input record. This allows individual data elements, such as student name for instance, to be accessed in columns as a group, rather than individually row-by-row. Here is an example of a simple database table with 4 columns and 3 rows. Student ID 1 2 3 Last name Jannat Nasrin Bijoy First name Airin Shamima Salahuddin CGPA 3.8 3.7 3.6
A relational database program must show its data as two-dimensional tables, of columns and rows, but store it as one-dimensional strings. In a row-oriented database management system, the data would be stored like this: 1,jannat,Airin,3.8; 2,Nasrin,Shamima,3.7; 3,Bijoy,Salahuddin,3.6; In a column-oriented database management system, the data would be stored like this: 1,2,3; Jannat,Nasrin,Bijoy; Airin,Shamima,Salahuddin; 3.8, 3.7, 3.6; This is a simplification. Partitioning, indexing, caching, views, OLAP cubes, and transactional systems such as write-ahead logging or multi-version concurrency control all dramatically affect the physical organization. That said, online transaction processing (OLTP)-focused RDBMS systems are more row-oriented, while online analytical processing (OLAP)-focused systems are a balance of row-oriented and column-oriented.
Storage Layout
System wide column support Loading/updates System level Scaling through multiple nodes Transactions / redundancy
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