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IEEE Thansactioti

on Nucf.eah Science,

VoLUS-24,

L10.3, June 7977

THE ZERO-FLUX DC CURRENT TRANSFORMER A HIGH PRECISION BIPOLAR WIDE-BAND MEASURING DEVICE H.C. Appelo, Cm-n Geneva M. Groenenboom and B.V., Hengelo J. Lisser (01, Holland

FIazemeyer

Summary * pair A current-carrying of ring cores. conductor is surrounded by On a third winding of core T2, a 50 Hz voltage signal is imposed. The phase and amplitude of the second-harmonic component of the corresponding magnetizing current are a measure for the sign and the magnitude of the ampere-turn The 100 Hz component in the magnetizing unbalance. current is therefore filtered out, passed through a synchronous rectifier and used to establish the zero-flux working point via the power amplifier. This second-harmonic modulator loop has good longterm stability and compensates effectively any slow drift of the power amplifier. Its speed of is slow. response, however, a third winding on core 11 is Therefore, connected as a magnetic integrator. Any ampereturn unbalance in the core induces a voltage in which instantaneously modifies the this winding, compensating current via the power amplifier. the combination of these two loops Thus, ensures that the compensating current is a perfect image of the current to be measured, combining high long-term stability with good bandwidth and transient response for bidirectional primary currents. Via a newly developed four-terminal burden the secondary current is converted into resistor, which is amplified in a a voltage signal, precision amplifier with remote sensing to 10 V at nominal primary current with low output impedance. Long-term stability and operational experience The long-term stability is mainly determined To certify this stability, by the burden resistor. a 1 ohm unit has been checked weekly by the National Calibration Laboratory in the Hague, over a period of six months. Measurements were made at an ambient temperature between 22 and with a loading between 10 and 1000 mW, i.e. 27'C, between 10% and 100% of nominal current. Over the period from April 15, 1976 to October 15, 1976 a 2.5 ppm increase was measured for an initial in these value of 0.9999867 ohm. The uncertainty measurements is less than + 5 . 10-T. Because of the factory calibration of the output signal to within + 50 ppm of the nominal the electronTcs modules are quickly 10 V value, This exchangeable between units of the same type. facilitates maintenance during machine operation; no recalibration is required after in general, exchange. the nominal current to be Furthermore, measured can be easily adapted by adding taps to the secondary compensating windings. This permits quick adaptation of a given power supply to different magnet loads. over 350'000 unit-hours Since July 1976, have been accumulated at the SPS, with 150 units operational since mid-November. A total of 9 DCCT failures have been recorded over this eight-month period.

A sense winding on one core provides flux rate feedback to a power amplifier which drives the ampere-turn compensating current through a common compensating winding. The other core serves as a second-harmonic modulator to establish zero-flux operation and thus to ensure a perfect, temperature-independent A specially-developed burden current balance. resistor converts the compensating current into a which is amplified to give a 10 V voltage signal, output signal at the nominal value of the current to be measured. A substantial number of devices, 50 to 25000 Amperes is now operational transfer and extraction power supplies CERR SPS. Introduction For beam transfer, extraction, chromaticity correction and Landau damping in the 400 GeV SPS 200 magnet power accelerator at CERN, over supplies are used with output powers from a few kilowatts to several megawatts. Many of these are fast pulsed units with active filters. bipolar, for these were developed The regulation circuits by CERN and will be the subject of a future paper. In conjunction with these regulation circuits, current measuring devices were required with a reproducibility up to 20 ppm, suitable for with large bandwidth and good bipolar operation, Hazemeyer have designed a transient response. standard range of these current measuring based on the work by Hereward and devices&, ~n~er1,2~3, who developed a wide-band beam current transformer for the Intersecting Storage Rings at. CERN. ranging from in the beam for the

functional

diagram

of DUCT

Principle

of

operation

As shown in the diagram, the DCCT uses two identically-wound cores, Tl and T2. The ampereturns of the current to be measured are compensated by the secondary winding ampere-turns, through a high gain power amplifier.

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Construction The complete system comprises a core and assembly and a 19-in rack mounted electronics The interconnection is made via a module. the length of which is not multicore cable, important. coil to The following the output at the

Performance typical performance nominal current : +I0 v : I milliohm 10 kHz

:

data refer level In:

The current range of 50 to 25000 Amperes is the dimensions of which covered by six models, any of these ranges follow from table I. Within . The rms I may be selected from 0.2 --I c&rent may be different from the"n%%nal current in the case of pulsed operation. Table Models used I in the SPS

Output at 2 In Output impedance Small signal bandwidth: Slew rate Ripple and noise Ratio error - initial - vs. temperature
VS. time

25

V/ms

IO ppm of

F.S.

rms

: 100 ppm : 4 ppm/OC : 1 ppm/month : : : 10 ppm of 1 ppm of 1 ppm of F.S. F.S./'C F.S./month

Offset error - initial - vs. temperature - vs. time Linearity error Warming-up time

:
: nil

5 wm

linearity t total err01 ratio

height of electronics module (1%" power supply 2 units) 5o 22OV, 2 3 4 4 5

consumption (VA) voltage (V) n

75
l-p 11

100

1.50

250

400

offset 0 definition of errors I/In I

38ov,

3-p+N

000000 l-----4 1

These data apply for a maximum ambient temperature of 40C for the electronics module, and 55 C for the core and coil assembly. The interpretation Of the errors as shown above is defined in the diagram.

References 1. "The induction type beam monitor Sharp J.B. report MPS/Int CO 62-15; for the PS". Internal 6-12-62 Cern. Unsex- K. "Beam 200 MHz range". current IEEE transformer Trans 1969 with DC to NS16, pp 934Cern

2.

938.
3. 4. "Current Courier transformer for the 1970-10 pp 980-382. ISR".

Groenenboom Measurement Electronics

M., Lisser J., "Accurate of DC and AC by transformer". and Power Jan. '77 pp 52-55.

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