UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION

Randy Putera Adhirama Ang Mr. Milne SPH4U September 19, 2012

Purpose Question

: To determine the relationship between centripetal force, frequency, radius and mass : What is the relationship between the frequency of an object moving in a circular motion and: - the magnitude of the centripetal force on the object? - the radius of the circular path? - the mass of the object?

Prediction/ Hypothesis: Theory of Circular Motion: - the centripetal force is proportional to the square of frequency - the radius of the circular path is proportional to one over the square of frequency - the mass of an object is proportional to one over square of frequency Materials :Strong string 3 rubber stopper which have approximately similar mass Mass or Weight (50g, 100g, 200) Stopwatch 1 meter ruler Scissors Tape Triple Beam Balance

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Procedure:
A. Determine the relationship between centripetal force and frequency: 1. Prepared large space in order to do the experiment. 2. Using triple beam balance, measured the mass of the rubber stopper. 3. The length of the string was cut into approximately 1.2 meter, so that the circular path of the string and the rubber would produce a 75 cm wide. 4. The string was attached to the rubber stopper, and the other side of the string was also attached to the weight of 100, 150, 200 gram in order to find relationship between the mass and the frequency accurately. 5. A piece of tape was stick 1 cm below the rubber stopper in order to have constant speed and radius. Therefore, the 75 cm string was at the top of the rubber stopper. 6. Twisted the string which was attached to the rubber stopper for 20 revolutions. 7. The period of 20 revolutions was recorded with stopwatch. 8. Several experiments have been done in order to avoid error. 9. The different records were taken and put them down into the data table.

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B. Determining the relationship between the radius of circular path and the frequency: 1. Prepared large space in order to do the experiment. 2. Using triple beam balance, measured the mass of the rubber stopper. 3. The length of the string was cut into approximately 1.2 meter, so that the circular path of the string and the rubber would produce a 75 cm wide. 4. Attached the 100 gram mass to the string which has been cut into various centimeters (45cm, 60cm, 75cm) in order find the relationship between the radius of the circular path and the frequency. 5. Applied the same way as the first experiment, put tape 1cm below the rubber stopper in order to have constant speed and radius. The 45cm, 60cm and 75cm string was at the above of the rubber stopper. 6. Twisted the string which was attached to the rubber stopper for 20 revolutions. 7. The period of 20 revolutions was recorded with stopwatch. 8. Several experiments have been done in order to avoid error. 9. The different records were taken and put them down into the data table.

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C. Determining the relationship between the mass and frequency: 1. Prepared large space in order to do the experiment. 2. Using triple beam balance, measured the mass of the rubber stopper. 3. The length of the string was cut into approximately 1.2 meter, so that the circular path of the string and the rubber would produce a 75 cm wide. 4. Attached 200 gram of mass to the string at which its end was attached with various weight of rubber stopper in order to find the relationship between the mass and the frequency. 5. Stick a piece of tape 1cm below the rubber stopper in order to have constant speed and radius. The 45cm, 60cm and 75cm string was at the above of the rubber stopper. 6. Twisted the string which was attached to the rubber stopper for 20 revolutions. 7. The period of 20 revolutions was recorded with stopwatch. 8. Several experiments have been done in order to avoid error. 9. The different records were taken and put them down into the data table.

Observation: There are 3 various of forces, masses and radius length for each
of the experiments for which were used to make 3 points in the graph. These are the minimum number of points that were used to plot a curve. Modified the curve which was plotted from the data table into a straight line in order to determine the relationship between 2 variable. Thus, the slope of the straight line can be found.

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Part A Mass of Rubber: 12.1g Radius: 75cm

Mass (g) 100 150 200 Centripetal Force (N) 0.98 1.47 1.96 First time taken for 20 circles (s) 12.60 10.25 9.20 Second time taken for 20 circles (s) 12.55 10.21 9.32 Third time taken for 20 circles (s) 12.41 10.32 9.41 Time taken average for 20 circles (s) 12.52 10.26 9.31 Frequency (Hz) 1.597 1.949 2.15

Graph of Centripetal Force and Frequency

2.5

2 Centripetal Force (N)

1.5

0.5

0 0 0.5 1 Frequency (Hz) 1.5 2 2.5

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Part B Mass of Rubber: 12.1g Radius: 75cm Mass of the weight: 100g
Radius (cm) 75 60 45 First time taken for 20 circles (s) 13.10 11.20 10.10 Second time taken for 20 circles (s) 12.80 11.27 10.27 Third time taken for 20 circles (s) 12.85 11.30 10.54 Time taken average for 20 circles (s) 12.92 11.26 10.30 Frequency (Hz) 1.548 1.777 1.941

Graph of Radius And Frequency

80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 0.5 1 Frequency (Hz) 1.5 2 2.5

Radius (Cm)

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Part C Radius: 75cm Mass of the weight: 200g

Mass (g) 12.1 25.3 37.0

First time taken for 20 circles (s) 9.20 13.19 15.25

Second time taken for 20 circles (s) 9.29 12.90 15.09

Third time taken for 20 circles (s) 9.40 12.97 15.12

Time taken average for 20 circles (s) 9.30 13.02 15.15

Frequency (Hz) 2.15 1.536 1.320

Graph of Mass And Frequency

40 35 30 25 Mass (g) 20 15 10 5 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 Frequency (Hz) 2 2.5

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Analysis:
Part A

Centripetal Force (N) 0.98 1.47 1.96

Frequency (Hz)

Frequency^2 (Hz^2) 2.550 3.799 4.62

1.597 1.949
2.15

Graph of Centripetal Force and Frequency^2

2.5

2 Centripetal Force (N)

1.5

0.5

0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 Frequency^2 (Hz^2)

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Part B

Radius (cm) 75 60 45

Frequency (Hz) 1.548 1.777 1.941

1/Frequency^2 (1/Hz^2) 0.4173 0.3167 0.2654

Graph of Radius and 1/Frequency^2

80 70 60 Radius (cm) 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 1/Frequency^2 (1/Hz^2)

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Part C

Mass (g) 12.1 25.3 37.0

Frequency (Hz) 2.15 1.536 1.320

1/Frequency^2 (1/Hz^2) 0.216 0.4239 0.5739

Graph of Mass and 1/Frequency^2

40 35 30 25 Mass (g) 20 15 10 5 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 1/Frequency^2 (1/Hz^2)

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Evaluation:
Part A
Percentage Error:

Caused By: The stopwatch cannot be stopped at immediate response as every humans is not as accurate as a machine. There is interval between seconds. Speed cannot be consistent. Improved By: Twist the string and the rubber more consistent means perpendicular. Press the stop button on stopwatch faster. Do more experiments rather than 3 in order to avoid the error.

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Part B
Percentage Error:

Caused By: There is interval between seconds. Speed cannot be consistent. The stopwatch cannot be stopped at immediate response as every humans is not as accurate as a machine. Improved By: Twist the string and the rubber more consistent means perpendicular. Press the stop button on stopwatch faster. Do more experiments rather than 3 in order to avoid the error.

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Part C
Percentage Error:

Caused By: There is interval between seconds. Speed cannot be consistent. The stopwatch cannot be stopped at immediate response as every humans is not as accurate as a machine.

Improved By: Twist the string and the rubber more consistent means perpendicular. Press the stop button on stopwatch faster. Do more experiments rather than 3 in order to avoid the error.

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Conclusion:

The Radius of the circular path is inversely proportional to the

Frequency^2. The Mass of an object is inversely proportional to the Frequency^2. The magnitude of the Centripetal Force is directly proportional to the Frequency^2.
These experiments are supporting the formula or theory of circular motion.