MasterThesisProposalfromIKMOceanDesign2012/2013.

1Flexiblerisersystemsinshallowwater:
Flexiblerisersarewidelyusedforarangeofwaterdepthsandcanaccommodatelargefloatermotionswhen usingabuoyancysystem.Awiderangeofbuoyancysolutionshavebeendevelopedforveryshallowwater (e.g.3050m),shallowwater(e.g.90110m)andsemideepwater(e.g.300400m),forexample:

Thesedifferentsolutionshavedifferentcharacteristicswhichinfluencetheirsuitabilityforagivensituation. Thepipesshouldnotexperienceexcessivecurvature,avaluegivenbythemanufacturer.Thesystemshould alsoavoidaxialcompressioninthepipesandcontactbetweenthepipesandotherstructures. 1. Studybuoyancysystemsandglobalconfigurationsforflexiblerisersystems 2. Comparingdifferentplatformsolutionswithprosandcons. 3. Incooperationwithadvisors,establisharelevantcasestudybasedontheHildorPeregrinoproject 4. Incooperationwithadvisors,establishmodelsinOrcaFlex 5. Incooperationwithadvisors,establishrelevantsensitivitymatrixtoinvestigategoverningvariables oftherisersystem

2PipelineWalking:
Thebackgroundforthisprojectisrelatedtothechallengesconnectedtopipelinewalking.Forshorter pipelines,repeatedshutdownsandstartupsmightleadtowhatiscalled:PipelineWalking.This phenomenondescribeshow,undersomeconditions,thewholepipelinemovestowardsthecoldendduring cyclicloading.Pipelinewalkingofseveralmeterscausinglargedamagestospoolsandsubseaequipmenthas occurred,sowhenthepipelineissusceptibletowalking,withitspotentialfinancialimpactsitpotentially couldhave,itishasahighpriorityduringthedesign. 1. LiteraturestudywithfocusonSAFEBUCK 2. Giveaproperdescriptionofthewalkingphenomenon 3. Incooperationwithadvisors,establisharelevantwalkingcasebasedoneithertheAastaHansteen projectorGreatWesternFlank 4. Incooperationwithadvisors,establishawalkingmodelintheMarinteksoftwareSIMLA 5. Incooperationwithadvisors,definearelevantanalysismatrixforvaryingaxialsoilresistance

3DetailTrawlPulloverClumpWeightModeling:
Planningofpipelinesinareassusceptibletotrawlingisusuallygovernedbythetrawlloads.Hence,alotof workisputintotrawlloadoptimization.IntheNorwegianSeatherecommendedpracticeisDNVRPF111, whichisbasedonseveraltrawltests.IKMOceanDesignhas,amongothers,performedalotofworkon tryingtoreproducethesetestsinfiniteelementprograms.Suchmodelswillinturnhelpdescribetheover trawlingprocessmorepreciselyandhopefullyfurtheroptimizethetrawldesign.Modelsforbothtrawl boardsandclumpweightsareestablished,andthisprojectworkshouldfocusonthelatter. 1. Literaturestudyontrawling,summarizingthedevelopmentinequipmentandloads,including pipelinetechnologyingeneral 2. CalibrateexistingmodelsforPolyIceandTybornclumpweightstoperformedmodelstests. 3. Existingmodelsarebasedonidealizedspans.Modelofchoiceshouldbeextractedtoarealpipeline location,includingfull3Dseabed. 4. Comparetheidealizedmodelwiththeoneonactualseabed. 5. Conclusionsandrecommendationsforfurtherwork

4AnchorHookingofPipelines:
Anchorhookingonpipelinesisingeneralararelyoccurringevent,however,theseveritywhenitoccurs couldeasilyjeopardizetheintegrityofanypipeline.Itisconsideredasanaccidentalloadinthedesignof pipelines.IntheNorwegianSeathereareseverallocationswherethesubseapipelinedensityishigh,alsoin combinationwithhighvesseldensity.Thevesselsusuallyknowwherepipelinesarelocatedandavoid anchoring,butanchorsmightbedroppedinemergencies,lostinbadweatherorduetotechnicalfailures.In thesecases,thedropmightnotbenoticedbeforetheanchorhooks,e.g.inapipeline. 1. Literaturestudyonvesselsandcorrespondinganchorequipment.Thestudyshouldalsoinclude pipelinetechnologyingeneral,focusingonthelessseverebutsimilarmechanismsoftrawling. 2. Incooperationwiththecoadvisorfindarelevantanchorhookinglocationandperformasimple riskassessmentbasedonprobablevesseltraffic,anchorequipmentandactualpipelines. 3. Establishananalyticalexpressionforthehookingprocess 4. EstablishananchorhookingmodelinSIMLA.Analysethemostlikelyandthemostseverecase foundinthesimpleriskassessment. 5. Comparetheanalyticalsolutionwiththeanalyses 6. Conclusionsandrecommendationsforfurtherwork

5ResidualCurvatureAninnovativewayoftriggeringlateralbuckles
SubseaPipelinesexposedtohightemperatureandpressurehasatendencytobuckleglobally.Inorderto controlthermalexpansion,wherebucklesoccurandthebendingmomentutilizationinbuckles,several methodshaverecentlybeenadoptedintheindustry.Typicalmethodsaresnakelay,vertical triggers/imperfections,useofbuoyancy,reducedweight,reducedfrictionetc.

IKMOceanDesignstudiedthismethodtogetherwithStatoil5yearsagoandnowthethemethodhas recentlybeenusedforsmalldiameterpipelinesinstalledbythereelingmethod,wheretheresidual curvatureinthepipelinecausedbythereelingtechniqueisutilizedtoinitiatebucklesatverylowforce.This maybeaverycosteffectiveapproachforsmalldiameterHP/HTflowlinesingeneral,andhenceitis interestingfromapipelineengineeringandinstallationpointofviewtostudythemainparameters influencingthistechnique. Theproposedthesisworkshouldtypicallyincludethefollowingactivities: Literaturestudyonthereelingmethod,thermalbucklingtheory,materialplasticitytheoryandFE modelingforpipelineapplications Developananalyticaltool(ExcelorMathcadorsimilar)fordeterminingpipelinerotationduring pipelayasafunctionofresidualcurvatureandwaterdepthetc(helpwillbeprovidedbycoadvisor inIKM) DevelopaFEmodelinANSYSorSIMLAforsimulatingtheeffectofresidualcurvatureonthermal buckling: o 10,12and16diametercases o Effectontensionduringpipelayonresidualcurvature o Effectoncriticalbucklingforceasfunctionofresidualcurvature Conclusionsandrecommendationsforfurtherwork