Solutions Manual for

Applied
Electromagnetism
SECOND EDmON

Shen
Huang
,
solutions Manual
for
Shen and Kong ' s
APPLIED ELECTROMAGNETI SM
Second Edition
by
Liang C. Shen and Frank S . C. Huang
rlB
8C
PWS-KENT Publishing Company
Boston
.'
PWS-KENT
Publishing Company
10 P"fk PI1.U
Blmon. MUIKhowcu 021 16
Copyright c> 1987 by PWS Publishers.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transcribed, in any form or by
any means - electronic, mechanical, photocopying J recording or
otherwise - without the prior wri t ten permission of PWS-KENT
Publishing Company.
PWS-KENT Publishing Company is a division of Wadsworth, Inc.
ISBN 0-534-07621-1
Printed in the United States of America
91 -- 10 9 8 7 6 5 4
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
CONTENTS
Complex Vectors
Maxwell ' s Equations
Uniform Plane Waves
Reflection and Transmission
of Waves
Waveguides and Resonators
Transmission Lines
Antennas
Topics in Waves
Electrostatic Fields
Electric Force and Energy
Solution Techniques
Direct Currents
Magnetostatic Fields
Magneti c Materials and
Magnetic Circuits
Electroquasistatic Fields
Magnetoquasistatic Fields
1
5
8
12
16
20
25
30
32
36
40
44
49
54
56
58
(eclors
"Rand
Their
wi
11.19)
to half
. B. B' .
ler Ihe
(1 .20)
-domain
have
- f:!. and
r
Problems 17
NOlicethal A 8 * - -2pmrllhat (All). S(I) -11/ 2IReIA . S ' J - O. We should
a lllO nollilhal A . B _ 0 and Ihal All] . 011]- 0 Thu$.lhe Iwo tlme-doma in Vf!CIOrll
ate always perpeodicular 10 each OlhAr.
Example 1.20
Solution:
r.nnJlliriAt Ihe two vectON A _ i + iy and B - t t /y. IThey a re actually Ihe same
vector.) We fi nd that A )( 8 - 0 and that A . B - O. Are Ihe Iwo veclOrll para ll el 10
each other or perpenrlir: ular In eitch other?
inslead A x B' and A S' We fi nd thai A x 8
ft
- -t2;and Ihal A _ 8
ft
_ 2.
Thus. ( All) x 8[1 - O. and thai ( AII)- BIt - 1. Furt hermore. Afl} x Blr) _ O. and
Al II 01'\ - 1. Ihe time-domain veclor Is parallel to itself all the time.
Problems
1. 1 Lei a _ 8 + ;2 and h - - 3 + ;. Ca lculate fa) a t b, Ih) a - h, fl:) ab. lind (dl alb. Cive
IhA in real and imaginary parts.
1. 2 Repeal tc] and Id) in PmbhUIl 1.1 wi lh Ihc answer given in phasot form .
1. 3 Find the rea l IhA imHginHry !Jitrl. and Ihc magnit ude of e'"'. whArA '" andt are
rAaI numberll.
1.4 lei c be a complpx number. Are the following statements alwaylllnlA?
( a) (c I c ' )isreal
( b) (I: - 1: ' \ is ima,l(illury.
(e) clc' has a magn it ude equal tn L
1. 5 Consider Ihp. P.<l ll alion z - 1 + ;. Find two values of 1. lhlll Mlidy this equuli on.
1.15 Lei a be a rea l numhPr. IIml lei lui .. 1. Show that the square rool nf (t ... la] is
IIpproximately equHllU 1. 11 + ja/ 2\
1. 7 Lei 0 be 11 JXlSiTive tp.al nllmber. amI 11:\ a ... 1. Showlhallhe sqUMft rool nfft + ju)
apilroxinu:lldy t:4 uallo 1. (1 I iKa/2I" J
.... 8 Obtain the nolalion uf Ihe following time-ha rmonic fu nl:lions (if
( a) Vltj_ G cos!"" + .. 14\
( b) 111 1- - 88illl",1)
tc) AIII _ 3sinlwl) 2eos( ... 11
(d) t:(1j - 6 I:OS !l 20 .. 1 - .. / 21
! e) 011) - 1 - eos (",'I
( I) Uitl - sin ("" ..... / 3)lIin Iwl + .. / 6)
1.8 Obtain GII\ in termsaf '" from Ihe following Ilha)l(jfll: [H)C - 1 + ;. (b) C -" exp 1/0.8\.
and tC) C - 3 exp! ; .. / 21 ... " exp I/O.tI).
-1. 10 Show Ihal. if V - r + /X and U _ g I 1}' . lhen VIIlI1!1J *- Rft!VU e""I. Fi nd the
corrpct eX!Jrt:SSion for VII) L1 II) in tftrms of r. x. y. arId ",t.
18 1 Compl ex Vectors
1.it Lt:IA- Ai+!ly iand l' -2x - 4y t 3t. FtnrtjajA ... B.(bJ" H, jr:IA. B,linu
fd)" )C 8.
1.12 Find the angle A and 8 that life given In Problellll .11
1. t3 Show [hal for
VII I -V.cosl",11 tbl-ReIVe""l
,
al V(li- ""V
1. 14 Find a VPf:torC that is perpenrlkuluf toA - 8t + Dr - t, has no t component. lind
hall a IIIIIHrlitude equal 10 1.
1.15 "'Inri tht! vector C Ihat ill parallcl 10" - si - 8y f 21: Ann hltll II mognitudA Aqual
to t
-1.11 Find II unit vectur II that points in the same dlrActiOIl as (Ill arrow drawn from
point /\ to vaint B whAre the rectangular c.oordinates of A ,md B UN (1.0.2) and
(- l,:t 21. respAr.lively.
1.17 Show thai thl! definition offhl! dot product vu givtlll by (1 .10a) Is equivlilcnl to
thlll givtlll by (1.10b). 'Ib simjJliy the algAhrll. yuu moy choo!!fl thtl coordinates so
tlnlt the x axill ill8100g Vand the 7.lIxis i8 pcrpondlr:ular to Loth V and U. In other
words, lat V ux and U R ... c9.
- 1.1' Prove 11.11b) using the approach SUgg8SI00 in the texl.
1.1. Shuw that the definition of tbe eros!! product V x U giVAn by (1.12) is equivalent to
thnt given by {1.14}. To simplify Ibe ii1gebra, do what ill sug8ested in Problem 1.17.
- t . 20 Figure "1.20 shows Ihat II vector V is along the x llXi! and a vector U IS on the x-y
plane formiog a 135- angle with the x axis. The magnitudes of those vectors are v
pnd u, respeclivt:ly. Usc (1.14) to express V )I U In terml v oDd u. Now, we C8 n also
say that the 8ngle betwfMln V 8nd U is 225. UlW {1.U} and explain why the vector
V x U is the same whether or not we choose the angle betW1;!cn them to he 135- ur
225- . l lint: Follow the right-hand rule. In determining tho direction vuctor II. your
ringers lIIust alwaYR point from V 10 U in the diroction you rnellSUf'C the angle be-
Iwt.'en them.
1.21 Pr(Mt {1.15} usillgtho approar.h suggostod in the t!tXt .
_1,22 Find the phoser nota lions of tho following time-harmonic vectors:
(ti) V{I} 3 cos ((oil)! ... 4 sin (wtJ9 ... f: CUll (wi I ..-/2)
(bl Etf) [3 CUll (Wi) I 4 sin twillt ... 8[cos(wl) - sin (wIlli
(e) H[I) 0.5 cos I/o: - ",IIi
1.23 the phasor notatiun of the follnwinK vuctor:
C(z,I) . ta181) (Z.I)
where r. is !liven in Problem 1.22(h).
- t.24 From the following complex ver.lors. fiod C(t) in IArms u( '-iLia) C - i - IY. (h) C _
,ti - /y),undlcIC-expl - jKz)R ! /exp(,KzlY
Problems 19
1.2' LetA - J + /9+11 + /2j!,and let B- - R - 11 ;2)9 I /l, FlndlaIA .,. B, lbj A - B,
Ic) A ' S, 811t1 fd) A )( S.
,
u
y

,
Flgur. Pt .20
1.21 Find A . A' and Re I A x B ') fur the values uf A and H given In l'mhlAm 1.25.
1. 27 Skelch Ihe trace or Ihe tip of Ihe vector All). where (01 A _ .t jf and where (bl A _
4R + 139.
' . 21 Calculale A . 8, given A _ i + j2yand B - 2i I jy AreA(I) and 8 (11 perpendicular

,./ (a.) e,+ b S-+j3 (IV 2.- lI+j (e) 1l.l.--2,+jZ ,i, gill. c-Z. Z-j'.4
J;l , .. jt I.IS' I1".pt' J lz.- -3"'j
!i'R - 2&.oBLI7'"" lSI.! & :J." L-I ... 'J"
Ll Ne I tj.n J . (.oIe.J I", [ ej""t J MIt' I J t ;wtJ J
f;f (a) y.' '.J yes ")
I:L Z':I-tj - .::;. z. . ..,,-" .. 1
:.z,
!:l (Ifjo.)ll.. =['.fl/ .. )+.; .. J :::::t. I if ''''I
!:J. 0.1, ("j .. )i{ '" Ija.)J( &/J(a)'I,.. :t{l+j)('Y.)J{
.'
J.:! lb)I-j8 (c.).d.j3-2 Cd) s.a-j6 (It.)i,"poJli.61c. fh/hlpot.S"6Ic.
l!l (o.) C(06l- R. {"fj)e;'" J R. f,;r ",i & fl "S(AA! ..
,h, ... el
iC, CCt) II !?f + -Iejei,.;t;} _ ... 4 "'Hut+".tJ)
1!! 'i:. r#jX "'* V(t)- rCDSuri: U -8+-jy U('t)- g.C()iwt - Yl;l'Ll6lt
R( f:i y R.{((rg-q J .jl IX'ry lJ t j .. , 1 - I -XYJCoJ..,t s,,..,t
B.t c ra,os'we +XYS;n'",t - (gx +ry) s ... kIt c ..,t * R. [!til j
- ,.,.... ",....... -
!J.! ,If, ) 1..8 =-6x,+SY<lZz (bJ A-o --IOxn3y .. 4z <'J ,q8c-,J,-31-3 ... S5
Cd) 23x+211+14z
1.11
-S'''
C4I5"(: ",,:r .. .', d...:r .. S)= 147. 7-
JX a 00.;;;
. . jf
It Vct)J: -fteV.(Ol -v.c..J ) .: 1ft! [ j v.we)li" e JIoIt J _; V.w e.
Vf<)=V.C.'(wt.;)& ... tJ - R.fyejwtJ
... ?t Vt-t) - j wv, tj';;s jw
" - '" .......
!:.!! lit CaX;+'IY CJ.A ->- C'A-O, lAJJ..ert. .A=-8)(oI-QY-2
-- 9 8
:. Ah.,A/"" ,'+,'"
'' - '(".
:'.-%,-,.: C=:=
rt4S r 14S
,.,S Let eIIA-" AX c:t0
l
IN".""
I- c. (- e 3 - 2,); +(zx- S y + (S 1 S ,) i -0
,', -Jt-
8
J-o }
2lI-")so '* 2'- i J """

/E/ =/ x"1"l"1 .. )'(.,.4 + 1'+)-/
- I ... ... ...
,'.
,9>
1
, .r,Ts
/ . J7
-
/. / F
/.19
-
/. 20
-
_ A "
=-1X+3!j-4J
-n =(-2X H)- - 4-})/ 14+r+16
/ " ")
=-(-2X+3J-4J
(/. /0 .... ) J"'" VU = Ilb
(/. / 0 Jim jJ. (j = A. h'T;> (..s 8
e..s8:; J. /1".,1
.' Vv = I\,J 10\" ""J8 :: .. b
- . "
A = A,,, + J +
13 13,; + B,; -t
- '" ... ,...
C C," -t + C
,

'129
y
-
U
v
A' (If t c)" k[{ (3,+c,): + (13 .. + c, + (Il
J
+ c) )lJ
'" A, B," c, A, + A, B, t A, C ... + A) 6,," ;\) S
- - --
A B + A c "" A, 8, + A, .. ,4J (3) + A, (, + A. c. + A
J
C
J
Thtrt.j."t. A (1ft c: ) :: Aa + A C
-
-
-
" (I. (1)
)'v<J
Vx U =
a. c. J
(j. Ilf
-
A
) ,;'{'IS V' u .,
It. , ,,'&+,.
S/" (}
J
b...t so.B'" c Ih'.,'"
-
-
$,',19 f' "

V xU =
-
"Co J -
-
-
f
r;: ""
V ... U ::
V-It
'" i" V'''' J
2
x
/' 11.
f.l}
-
- 1\ '" 1 - ""nAB" "
Let A = A, x t A. , Tits} , (3::: P, X of ..... 'j'" J l/ ,...
- A A C" ",
C. ::: C,,Xt C, , .. J), "'1'\.
if C = ; ( B, C
J
- C. 8) J.r 9 ( 8
J
C, - c) 8,) t )" ( B, CA)
:41 (B)( ) = ) [ A. -c,B.)-A, (BjC,-C)B,)]
.. 9 [ A
J
(B, c) - c, 8,J-A, ( /3, C. - a.e,J]
.. ; [A, (B/ (, - (/) -A ... ( B .. S -aJc,)]

'if (A' [ ) :. (f3, ; .. 8 .. i .. Br S ) ( A, c, + A .. c, ... A
J
C) )
t (A , /3 ) = (c, .. (, ; .. cd) ( .4,8, + A. L3 ... t IJ )
,', 73 (A' [)-C (ft S)
CA) c 3; -j 4; .. j ;
(I) - (3-j4); .,f/("jJ i
("B- o.s-e"i AJ-;
3
,
J.:.lj (A) i' 'O)We ... ;
C
-') A. t
.) CL:ot --)( t.,,6o\It, .. ""0"11
(,) (t). oX cosc",t -It) - Y
_ _ . ... A
1:ll Co.) t,'!}-(-I'J3)Y""'J)1
- - '" .... . ....
(6) - 2M +(I-;)Y+(U;) i
( c) c.
(J) c 4-r-CI.j)JY-(l-j3)1
1. 2' A.A'uU .. jY"(i.j2JZJ-(,i-jY+(I-jz)iJ=I+I';-7
A .. - U +j Y .(I.j2Jl.] x{-x-(l+jZ) 9-j : (-2'jf)' - CI+ jJ 9 -(I+j) i
:.Rt[d
M
'1--2
t
-Y-i
1.17 e - x -j 9 .-. At.) - co ..,t ;- .. ;"wt y ...".f., ACt), c I
y


/ \. , wt-o
."
''Ii
.d: -4'j 31 - A(t) c 4c.osloJ'i.
y
A_ ;"'j2Y
J
Ee2;+jy .... Ai.2-1l:0
fjw.t AU) s co;wt ; - 2 $IAwt 9 4-nct. Bt-r)- 2 "',Swt X - ,,;"we;
.:. At.e) ,.,.c, 8(-1) Ar4. ".1:: p.rp."dicu.U.,- ",t .....,y -I,.,.,e. .
4
............................................
,
,-
I-
n
d
, .
n
)-
c
"
!Y
Solution:
2.5 Poynting's ThftOrfim
Ell ) - Rc!i E. e 10. c .... J- il::. COlI/WI - H1.1
k k
HIII _ Rely - E. e-,b 1'1""' - 5' - E. cos (wI .. hz)

_ k
( Sfl] - E x H .. 1: h J
""
1 k
(S ) .... Re(E)( ' ... 1_ I: -
2 ZI.,'I1
fl;:
U, - -cos (wi - hz)
2
kZE'
11
H
.. ----,-!cos1twt kz)
'""
(U,) ..
k' ,
(Un)" -, Ei
""')1
35
Problems
2.1 Let A .. 5.2 + tsyzy + fino 'Q' )( A and 'V A.
2.2 Lei .. xyz: find 't" 41 and v . 'iit/l.
2. ' Let (I .. a, i -+ ali + oJ! lind b .. b,i + h" + bll: . Show that equations (2.91./2.11a),
Knd /2. 121 are true.
- 2 . Show Ih,'11 'ii' ;It fa + bl -V x a ... V x b andV fa t bl-V. a + v b.
2.5 Show that V(<I>, "',1- <1>, 't""'J + "'I V til, and that 'Q' (4)A) ... A V<I> -+ tt>V A .
.. 2.e ShowthatV )( 1"'''J-V<I> x A "f" <W x A.
2.7 In a source-free region. H .. zy + yi. Does D vary with time?
2.8 What is thtl dllll'Ke density in a regi on where 0 .. 2xx?
2.' Find the mllgnctic field S(y,I) ouucitttttd with thi! fl lfICotric nllid E(y.t) given as fol-
lows:
(y.I) *' R 0.3 cos(tolt + ky)
where tol and It are cOII!Jh:lllts.
2. 10 Express k in terms of the mll.llutllic permeability and dlllleotric permittivity of the
medium whAn the eloclromagnetic Oelds oro givoll ill Prubhlm 2.9 In Ii
region.
2.11 Lei " 8
"
H l ' lind D, SIItisfy Al'JUfltiOns (2, lJ-{.!.4) with given " and P.,-Let also E
l
8t-
HI' and D: satisfy equations (2.ll- IVI] with given 11 lind Pvl' What are the electromo8-
IItltic fields due loa currAnt I, and charge P .. where I. - 1, t II and p", - PVl .. p.,? You
must show that your proposed 1lOIulion SIIlillfiAJ Maxwell', equations. what is the
appropriatA name for the theorem you have just proved?
36 2 Equation.
_ 2. 12 (8) II is known that the vtlClor 0 is equal 10 zero lit one point Does that Imply tha,
V )( 0 _ 0 at Ihal point? Give a counter-example if your an!lwet is nu.
(b) Does ,.: - 0 on a line alwaYlI impl)' V x E - 0 on that linc? Give a
if the answer is no.
(c) II is found thallhe ,.; field i8 zero on a surrace. Dws it rollow thot aOla, - 0 on
thallurface?
2.13 Show Ihal equations 12.221:) Bnd 12.2Zd) [;lin be derived (rom equat ions 12.22o). 12.22b1
and the I:UlIlItltvllt i on equation 12.231.
2.14 To repreMlnllime.harmonic fiekls, most physics books usc the f3ctor e ""' nstead of
u ..... which lIlost electrical engineering books use. For a timeharmonic ftlul functlull
Ajx. y, Z, I) - o(x, y, 1,) COlI ,wI + 411. find the phallOT Ilototion Ihot corresponds to the
phy,idlllll ' cunvention. Whal is Ihe correspondi ng conversion rul e hy which ph880r8
can be transformed back 10 the tl!allimA Axpre8!lion?
2.15 Rdcl' 10 Problem 2. 14 about the nolalion 8'i00i adolJlw ill IIIOSt physics books.
Wrilft IhA limit-harmonic Mltxwell'!J e4uotioll s using that notallon.
2. 11 Whal is Ihe ronge of effective permittivity of the ionosphere al AM ltroltdcastinH
frequencies" UMl lhe following dltla: N - IOU and f - 500 kHz to 1 Mll z.
2.17 Show thai the dimension of each term of equation [2.36) ill walts per cubic meter.
2.tl IndiCHls in watls. mclers. and joules the dimensions of the following quantiti($:
(a) . D. (bl " . 8, and fc) S.
2.18 LetE _ (i t ;y)e II and H - tjl - It/e'". Find Sin lennsuf zand ",I and find .., S>.
2. 20 Show thai S ,. Re IE x H c""'1.
2.21 Show that S "" Ke IE P."" )( H e,....j.
2.22 Compare the energy stored in a cubic: region onl! meier un a side which has a
uniform": field of 10" Vi m 10 the energy stored in a similar region with a uniform B
field of 10' C. (One C _ 10 Wb/m:). The medium is air.
2.23 Repeat Problem 2.22 for the cllSe where the medium is water Instead of IIlr. U8e
- AO f g and I-'tl ror wator.
VL
5
-
2.e
.t . /.
vo v'( 2d) =2. =+ t;.. 2
- ,'i,
Ii = . J e ;:
v-E =-1 (o.Jiie
jA
, ) = -j ..
B = . J e ji.l l'
-
.':.,'" e,.,r ... t+ -4tJ) ;
fl,( H == j * 5,
n
- .
J = 0, 1>" . f == . ] t Co, (wt
'" .,.., .
v.B,."; vo,-I!,
'i/v.EJ-fl!,. VI(J./z-J,+/Eo, , vA;-c, 17'2\-""1
Q'1Ce;- v-( -lci,- /til- -It, (6, +4;)a -Jt
'O'''Jif 'l" eN; VI. N, +VII :r J," kP:".f, It D, ae],.X)'" -1.'" D't
v '8t r Q. ( 6,+ '1 ) '" fl 8; + Q.F" r () 0 &' 0
'" fV'''&l=-f ... ,.
.', il . , f' , N, 1'#" 8l- 8,,,E1 .... ct s, +4 ,$.'1;,1'1 1'H...x1oJ-"; .. t
s,,. ... ,.c;tJ fl't-fVJf Iv:.
TA/$ ... fAt. .,I1tD,..,..,. .
) , '" ( tl.) NI), 4:.'r; ..... J.,.YS,'-;r+fs;,..,t.o .,It (D. tI,Dj. bl4..t v .. a: &
. . ,,)
2.1l
2. ,,..
chI No. t s: s.:...) .. y I,:"'X co ." Y-AX"$ , h .... t V_E. yecS}. 0 crJ\. v-.
cc.) No, Fe f J'--J ='0 -.,. )#0 I bJ c VUJ} 4" 0 D'>\ I-"It.-..
0.",. +n.t
)"0 ""'jwv/J=0 .. v.ij.o
v(v'tl)"-9 Q'j+jw"'Q =D"*Jw(-tJ..,,.)ao -+ "'ll:/.
lI(r. l ' . t) a(Y, ' . lJ ",,,wi_;) _ G<>S(-wt-<l-J
eje, K..[a.tr.l . neioiwtJ _
e
oi
.. ': .. tJ -
flxitrl-iwe. V' e-!!
wp=!Nt.
1
1C.S;'.x'D'1
I1
,
w ".,. .I' ll I.- , ,
At SOOt#1 : E .. l [,_1'. ( . H'.,.", )') -.13 3 f
, (I
of I MN!: l. .. f. [1-( I::I'IIo/j" ?J = -80.43 E.
6
itt t. III <f j lr -.-L E i4 j NT
. Rc f e
j4Jt
J CMtJt - Es s:,. .... t , il R. lei ... tJ .. c..SoJt - i1j $;/1p4AJt
5. i ,Iii )s;...'4Jt - ("''''iir CAswt
8".'t H ej.Jt. (!i;u$we -liz ri".ve) ... j ( 17; JM../Alt +i/rc..'Jt) ANi..
Rtf f ei-.Jt
J
II:: tDswt - .",#/ - Es-it - Ez)( Nz tAht :f: s
l.t l-ll(:#j fs .,..,.t H .jHz
! ejlJt =( _ ; , ;"pJ!) to j (;;.. j.:.....rt.; h (,IJ )
E # c.swt - Hz s,'-u6)". j (;;; -I' N.r
pj...,t,c i e
j
..-
t
J '1-( ... t - (E",JC #j. + lrlt Z) t.oS6Jt
- (fs-x.)c.,'wt- - (E."lir ' Er_ ii,. ) ,.;""t"" ... e
( f;q It - E, 1/. ii
I
)( us'wt - -1,(r".i1z.
,'. S !?.{ ! .j",t
x
Be ;",t J
!.!l (j,. ;t.E.e Sf; 1. K' 4.4ZlI./ D&"(J,"''j,.,J)
U
I r. - I I. - I S'
/0'''/0 =3,98JCIO .(J""'o/m')
:. VI/V, ; 9 ",or
Ue ..L Eg ..
2. 2 Jb.,
U
I
" 3.98xlc'
:. UYU
t
/ . / J
7
'orrn Plane Wavall
If mankind rUr
wing made be-
:ure 3.111. Mod-
; vllry grf:lfIIJy in
dividual comet
comel's tail? II
whelher or not
his observation
le SlIn Ihal lire
the sun. Other-
'resent explana-
.1 pH rl ide ... II lid
pressure of the
m the sun, ilnd
e ionized gllstJs
e plasma forms
now of protons
til 8peeu lip 10
et's plasma and
1. Vul. I!.I!.I. October
4. April 1964. pp.
Problems
Problems
D' a 1ft
iii !II 111
11 11
V 1<
1/
Figura 3.11 Various comet shapes drawn on
silk fuund in Chinll. These figures were
J.lainlcol bclwellll 246 10 177 H.C. Helow these
figures arc Chincsc Humes for Ihese comets.
65
-It
1I
3.1 Eslimalp. the power density of electromagnfllic radiation from Ihl'! IIlln received on
earth in the same frequency band as that of the VHF television channd 2 (54-60
MHz).
3.2 Consider the sun as an isotropic radialion source. Calc1llale Ihe InIal power radiated
by the sun in the television dumnlll-2 frequllncy banu (sile Problem 3.1). The
distrlnce belween the sun and the earth is approximately 1.5 x 10' km.
3_3 Assume lhlll sulllr rauiatiull is Estimale the total power radiated by the
sun. The solar power density received on the earth is 1.4kW/m
2
See Problem 3.2
for nthp.r nata.
3.4 Dilrive p.Sb) from (J .. 'ia), assuming that E .. and Ex is 8 functiull ofz uniy.
3.5 The .'lIar a CAnlallri is approximalAly 4.33light-YAars rlistant from Earlh. A Ilght-yea.r
is il unit of length thilt is the dis!ilncc a light wave covers in one year. How distant is a
r.enlilllri in kilometers?
3.8 An electromagnetic pulse is sent from an earth station to the moon. and the reflected
pulse is received 2.St! 9 later. Huw fllr is the moun from the Earth? fAn electrnmag.
netic pulse consists of a wide spectrum of electromagnetic Wilves at different
frAqllfmcies.)
3.7 Finu the 81 units uf the fulluwinx ltlllliltitills associatllu with a uniform t:!ectromIlS-
netic wave: (a) "'. (b) k. (c) f. (d) T. and [e) >. .
... 3.8 A heli um-neun laser emits light at a wavelength 6.326 x 10-
7
m in air. Calculate its
frequency. period. and wave number.
66
3 Uniform Plane WIVII
3.1 r-igure P3.9 iI dipolft aolAnnA II \Iflry Rffllr:IIVA in receiving television
nilis willm its h!ll)!th is I!VVroXlIlIlllt:ly C4UIlI to ollc llBl the signal wavelellKth.
What arc approximate antenna lenglhs for roceiving signals for the following: (al
Chllnnel2 (f 57 MHzjslld (0) ChtlllucllJ (f - :n:i MHz)?
Two-wire
lran5miMIon
lim;
3.10 The following .'lP.t of IlloctromagnAlir: fill Iii! slI.ti.!lfies the tirnllhlirrnonic Ml:lxwell's
equatiuns in free 'poce:
E - E.e""' x
"d
H _ Il, e tV
y
Expreli:I H, and k in terms of E. and and I'e
3.11 00 Ihe fieldll in InA prfIViou!I problem represent II uniform p\ttne wave? In whllt
dOt:S the wave travel? Find its velocity and determine Ihe lime-average
Poynting vector ( 5 )
3.12 nUl Ftlderal Communications Commission ar l he United Slates requires 3 minimum
of 25 mV/ m field intensity for AM Atations ('.ovflring thfl ('.ommflfdai area of a dty.
What LS the lJO ..... er thmsity associated with this minimum field? What is the intensity
of the minimum magnetic field II?
- 3.13 Study the following E field in a sourcefree region;
E _ iE.t: ,h
Does it salisfy Maxwell's eqllatinns? If lVI, finellhA k anrt thA H fiflld , If nn!. explain
why,
' 3.14 Show Ihal in [3.13J, if 1/1& - tI>!. - r/2 lind (l - U, Ihe wlive is ri,ll htiumd cin: ullirly
IJOla ri zt!tl .
. 3.11 "'ind the pnlaril'.JItion (linear. dn:ular, or ellipticli i llnd lefthllnd or riwht.iu:lnd) uf Ihe
following fields:
I.) E .. Wi: + y} e-""
( b) E-((l i i)y -+ (1 iJiJA Jl,.
(c) -112 + iii +13 _Il!je-
flor
( d) E .. (j i: +j2y)e ....
3. 1' Show Ihat, if 0 _ b anel tP_ .. 4rt. .. r / 4. the wave is elliptically polarized {Refer 10
[l. 131.} Do not try luoblain an analytical expression for ohtain a pair of
parametric equalions similar 10 [3.14J, r.al culale E. Hlld E,. allell poillts (",I .. O. 10 .
, and sketch the lucUli.
n Plane Wavell
sig-
al
I following: {a}
1M: Maxwell's
Ive' In what
time-aVCI1!.HR
sa minimum
fell of II ciIY,
the inltlOsity
not, explain
It! Circularly
hand} of the
d (Refer to
lin a pair of
10'1- 0, to-,
Problems
67
3,17 Shuw that an ellirlirJllly pnlariMd wave can be dl.'CompuseO 1010 Iwo circularly
polarized waves, one Idt-hanum.llluu Ihl! othllr righI-handed Hint: Let
E _ (Iii + urI e rho
whArA a and h are, in general, complex numuer.J. Then, lei
E -Ia'x I ;a'y) e ... lUi - itfy) e '0,
and solve for a' uou Il In termlt of a lind h
- 3. 18 Show thai a linellrly polarized wave can lie uecornposoo inlo two ctrcularly
polariZ4:d .... dves.
3. 19 A dipole antenllu is in the x'y planA and makes a 45 angle to the x axis, A receiVflT
allar-had to the antenna is calibraloo lu read tllI'Retly Ihfl component of the E field
Ihul plirallelto IhR riirnill . What are the readings when the fields aTR those given.
in (a)-(d) of Problem 3.151
3,20 An e lectromagnetic wave in vacuum has frequeru.:y r .. wavAlpngth >,., wave number
k.. and velocity v.' Whfln It flntAr.olll dielectric medium chllrllcterized by iJ<,anr!, -
what tire the f.;\. k. lind v of the wt!Ve in this
, 3.21 Aluminum lUIS I - to. II - /I(Jo and rr - :\,54 "It" 10' mho/ m_ If on Dntennll fur UHF
rf'CAplion is made of wood coaled with II lu)'er uf aluminum finn If its thickness oughl
tu lie five lilnes than thfl $okin depth of the aluminum III that frC(illAnr.y.
determine the thickness of tht:: IiluminulII IlIyp.r. ordinary aluminum foil thick
enough for Ihllt purfJOSpt Use f - I Gll z Ordinary aluminulll fuil iliapproximatAly
3.22
3.23
3. 24
1/1000 in thick
Cukulule the allp.nlllltion ratA ;lnd skin depth of earth for Il uniform vlane wavp. of 10
M li z Take the ollowill)( dula for Iht! fUlflh: ,.. - ,..., I _ 4, ,,, and" _ 10 'mhO/in
Find the power uellsity 10 flarlh whel"9the field intensity is 1 VI m. Use the dRill in
Problem 3_22_
Suppostl that an airplane uses a mdar to Its 8ltilud8. t.Althe frequency of the
radar be 3 CHz. SUpPOSfl furlhAr thai the ground Is covcnxl with a meter of hard-
paclr::ed snow.
h
AIrplane
::::.-J
I I
I I
, I
I I
I I
I
I I
i i All'
I I
I I
I I
."nllw
T I
C;round
Fillur. P3. 24
(a) What is the ulrrecence betwften the apparent altitude mellsured by the ntdllr /Inri
the lruealtltude1
68 3 Unifurm rhine WIVes
(bl How much attenuation in dB does the radAr !'ligna I !'Iuffflr hecause of the snow?
Consider only the ;llIflnuation of the wave 11\ Iht: antlncglcct the dfcct of
snow on Ihl:! rent!Ctiuli at air-snow and at sn{)\'V-ground interfaces Refer 10 Fig-
urcP3.24. USCt. 1.5t-
o
and Ian 05 9 II( 10
_ 3. 25 Thfl (0110\\'11111 uHta Hre Xiven for a u.niorlll plane wave in a dissipative medium;
(i) amplitude of E" at z 0 is 1 VIm.
(Ii) phasA of r:. ;I I 1, _ 0 is zero,
(iii) k - 0.5 - i 0.5 (11m),
(iv) direction of propagation is in I ,
(v) intrinsic: imptldHnce or lhe metliulU is 1 + j uhms
faj find tht: phil sur expression for E. os a function ofz.
(hI Find the phllsor expression for II as a function of 7..
[c) Skfllch At 7. . 0 and al z .. 2 III, liS fum:tiulls uf w(.
(d) Skctch the time-domain H fields 011, _ 0 and 1,.2 m as functions of loll.
3.28 Consider thaI a small space vehide with 100 kg of mass is iocHled in oute r space
whArA the MraviiationHI field is Ilugligiblu and the fuel has been exhausted. A
seorchlight of 1 kW is turned on, wit h hopes that IhA vehide will gain lIomA IIpood.
I l ow mnch speed will it finally ga in if the seHn:hli"hl CII II last 41:1 hours? Hi nt: The
li"ht wavc carries radiatioll pressure, and thero Is a reaction force 00 the source of
tho li ght.
3.21 An ice pArtlde of radius a is r distance away frum the liun, The gravitational force
HetlUM 011 the particle is givt:n by (3.46). The ice particle's mass can be obl;lin9d
from its volume and its density which III A!IIIUmed to he 1 sram/cm
3
, The iet! parti-
cle III AIM) suhjecl to radiation pressure which is givcn in (3.47), The force acting
011 till:: icc particle due to radiation pressure is approximately f!CluAI to tha romss
sectional area of the parlicift timAs Ihe radiation pressure. Show that. when the
particle's rHdiwi is IhHIl a critical value, the radiation force will be grealer than
the gravitational force, and this critical radill ll ill indflJl6ndAnt of r, the dislam:e
from Iha IIUO. All a result, all particles wi th rlluii siUolh:r thon this critical radius
Itmu to be blown out of the sola r system, Find the 'Va lue orthls c.ri lir:al rAdh.II.
3.3
-
3's
li
II
II
3.'
J. I.
3.Jl
CIiAPreR 3
pow." tlUi(i ly. c. 'rI/o
ll
IN/MI.N,.
, -.. .1
e'. iA. ... 10 c. ,s.' _/0 'tI/'/fts.,
pDWtr iVlSI/y ,:.... .;,Ie S'4 a., . ,,,-u W/",I"HS
e' , T.I .. l poto.).,. ((,c. 5'4) _/""',, D.' 'tl/o"1;c 10/ . ' MW
. "
f'= (,.r.,.') = ".,. Ii
is tIt. .......
'/I./o1'/{u)( .".""tt,4ICl'S"Jt(J.J3. 4.of'/./o""". 4, 09-. 'O"l.'hI .
3)<10' '''' a :J.BJ,x/>'m
(A) [W) E '''''I,,,, (bo(K.) - Vm) (C) [fJ' Vso<-, (<<) (rj S., )fA):'"
f= ,"'0
1
/". 329./0' " I T= '/1' 2.IIIIII
I
S'SUI -k=.2-;!A':' 9.931'lo'(Ut.)
(D) s :1.'-J m . Cb) 3.,.'/(2' ;1.13,,.')-0.7.9-""
: j,,/I.il >9 Jj. rl s_..,...!... V'(E e
j
., ) - _..L E.t jJS:: a /I eiltS,
- /" - ,"'1'-" - .... ,14. # 1/1 or
:. .. E. AilO .. './e-UJIJl.t. D..-t, f.I.--IZ..
-
'its; -J ().,.; <s>=r/c[,-I'J-i(E.tl.N, )$--
IHI; 2S'IO-YI. - A/ ... 0 /<>>/ - -t(1i;IH/'s o.eJjLW;'"
No. ';' if V< (E. e .jl.; ) = 0 =? He 0 (.". c ...... sf"Vdi"fj H-{i.ld. tAi"'''').
If a,d tI. -b; a c ( ... t - It, +,;. J, 4.,S;", .. )
,..l c l 1
c, <t .. p""e. , ":''''r;;:!i<)
r ri1At.-Ao,J.
tit ,.,t ...
3. 15 (L) -; iil<).-s; ..
/?,)At -A14,..J,. e'I"4I.IAr(, PDlv-tjQ#..
(bJ g<U<+j)Y+(I-j)iJ -+
/?' ;J...i -"".-vi c,',-e...I.." ':J Pt...rL.J&.d.. .
(e) [.I--j)" +(3- j) ] e -jk1 =7 E(t)- ; Ii us (wt-Al+M6) + 1:f" LDS(we -*1-0.")
Loft - Lll<p(, 'Jl
j
p.l .... ,j u.
(AI i. (jx+jlYJe
j
;'1 -xS, ..... ( ... t+An-i:u;"'(..,f,+,AJ>
i..if'le.rty P.lJJ."'3&4
8
)
<)
a :;fa..b, E
,
-a.c.:'(""--.tJ+I>.-;f)
a.t- "J .. , a.(.DJ"'{; ar.J.
wt 10 2.0. 30 So lJo' "70 8e
Q
q,,11
Ei tt. .90S'... 84a. . gu.... .7"'" . . SA . $42" '1'44. 0
EJ . . a/fa. .9064. .9b'" . 996.. . ,.,... .ou... .94""- . a !fa. . 7.7a.
"---.-....
3.17
clliptica.ll!j p,/...,iJ'4. w.wt. "" 9"' ...... l. j-(zs.+?J.)e.J
AJ
) "'''ere-
d/ld i. are nu.,..,6er.5 .
Let g (; p,' .. e-J
k
, + ('!!' - 9 i.f) e -jA)
o(le/t-h4/>d ar=l.,-l, ","!,ulAr'-:J p.lAriJU)
rh,,,- (Rf!. 'YIl)t'iA1 = (H.'_Yji';e-
JA
1
.'. J!, ""do j(!!.'-.I!')-i q fiJ,'- f(g,.-j.k.) o.n4 .!'=; (g.+jb)
H,,,., "'..., ... ... ,e., (t.R-/. .,Ju.)
""" [ % f( g')!) - H(jJ!, - k.)]
u''''''; pd
o
uj<4. wa.vt. ,;,.. J'""""" {,,"" it c(f"-+Y h It. v.e/. '
6 fl.ft, rtAl.
L.t [=(:4+Yb)e-
j
H = til..".
'=0- al'lo( j(s,' ... j')=b => A114 h
l
-T(AI)6)
:, 'Dw",/.J..I. """". "". [a.:jb) +Y1:v ..... b)] e-
j
"1 (j,/t-II,.,h-l) ,..,.,I..
(Xt(a.)b) - 9 ; 64 -b)]( r'1U -h,."tJ!..), '
9
,/ Mlx/ .> , L ( 10" _)JS. _,
crw Co ''''''/0' .', c _:1.,..,X/P .....
S .. 1 . .II-II / D$'...., < 1.')tfIOS",.., .', AI ... i#,'f fA,.'cJ::. IM#kflv .
rr/ ,,,-4- ""Ii'.' 1
,,7 11 - 4. S'll l p I
I
= If - :-(If; c -f'llJ.DIT 307Tc A otJ94-l)f..) ... tit- Tr - IC',I (1f"I)
7= I _ I (]I; I I=- e.!...!J!i(I_j.,D4,)-YL_"!"q]j torr-
- YZO-jrl/l.Il) - TIT. 1-}o-/41t '1 (7. :z.1 Y-
o Ai h . O /<S>( _.!.... EA .... =
-, (J i Z 11/ "6.rr .,,,
( a. ) L.t 11' .... IU;", lAc. -t .2 [1.';.:,> {V'J..lm)l - :2 (-
... h - I + (/.i' = II.,.,. 09 1I'f'f' - It. r;:; - leo. 72 S _ (It.,.,. - ..",..,..t oJ tz /uk. )
( bl !J. "'/11. (I.sf.) ( /-j9'IO-')Y.. - w./)J,(1.5f.) (1- -+ 1<.1 " "'/,1 /1.5
/ltI-.n ...... I .. on .t.u. 10 S".W 1_ ..... : "2<"') co o.o'ff!'t., .... )
"
= . Lf" , . ,/, - 0.6(18,;
tA) E. c "f(-jlo"-jo" )J) hrl- . r}J"r(-j'.t)
(1) B =5 .. ,(- .r;)url-jo.t/):; ( . J'-j'.!JtTfl-o.fJU'f(_j'.I";)
(,)
<.,l-o.r;> CA,(4)t-'. Jj}
\0 H,II,t>= . 7'7;'f'(-o'S"JJUJlo.Jt- . t;_rr/.,. )
-- --
-
-I
-2
10
f
- '" (oJ t:\.::..L = /0
1
" /
3. 2' - C. J 1 (Of i '" 1(/0'-/0' J>(IO'
3.n
-
'V= 4t:: / ' Ilj./'XC. xl.::
<'0
-II
F, ;: '-'11/0
F, = -.
q J
'7'l, = TIT&.. . /0 g. ::.
). I
"', /. 1 f /0 ... ;,
1
1
I
F. = ,." liD
11
Problems
92 4
,.leU,.4.23 Tn II nc"rly poIOlri1.t.,t
electromagnellc W.1V1!$, wi,,, may reo
place metal plates for refleclor aOI*lOO&5.
Thus.
J. - y cos (J e
Reflection and Transmission of Waves
(454)
Nole flows in the y direclion Dnd Ihol no current flo\\'s in the
i direction. In fact . if the is by a grating of parallel
conducting wi res orranged in the 9 direction, these wi res a1s(I serve as a
fflfleclor thai is as effccti ve as il solid conducting plale. Experiments have
found that gra tes HffHf:ti ve when the spacing of the wi re in the grate is
much smaller than the wavelenglh of the WHVtl. G " HIHfI (U' t! UStld instaad of
conducting plates to refl ect linearly polarized eleclromagnelic
hecfllIsH they rt'lduce weight. sove mot orial. and decrease resista nce to wind.
Based on these collsiciera1ions, some reflectors use wires to re place metal
d ishes fortransmilling and receiving eleclrmnH8nelic waves. An f'lxHmple of
s uch a structure is shown in Fi,Rure 4.23.
- 4.1 ThR E ARid measureu ill .. ir just above a glass plate Is cqual to 2 Vim in magnitude
lind is direct at 45 3way from the boundary.:ls shown in FtgurR P4.1. The magnitude
of the F. Aeld mp3SIJrP.O jllst I.lelow ttlt: boondllry is eqoal to /I Vi m. Find the angle (}
for the E fidd in the glass just below the boundary

- 4
4.
5'1
.he

50
we
is
or
.'es
,d.
.,1
or
"
i,
"
Problems
'.
I
i
I
E,
i
Perfect I I
rMlOllCIQI /


"."". "4. 1
1"l ... ,.I" . 2
I
I
v,
- . 2 The H field in air JUS! above a perfect conductor is !!liven 0)'
H, _ 3x ! 4i amperes per meier
93

all in Fil!Ur9 N .2. Find the surface current J. on the surface of the perfect
conductor. The conductor occupies the llpar:e y < O .
. 3 Match IhA following with the figures shown in I'igure P4.3. FiAirili are
lI ell l' ,he interface but on opposite stdM of Ihl! boundary.
(al mAdium 1 and medium 2 aredielcClric! wUh. , ;.. ' I
( b) medium 1 and medium 2 arA rlielflctrics with t, <
(e) imp"IMi hl e
( d) impossible
( e) Ihere is a poEillive lIurface chl:l/'Xt! un tht: boundary between two dielectria
( I) medium l is II J}t!rrecl conductor
r
,,1.uI.P". 3
.::. k .
-z--

1
E,
'P,
-.
,
, ,
E, - u , r
'-
1'1
(II)
(III)
- ""-'-


1,
,

,
, ,
,
In, till)
>
11
1"'1
94
4 Reflection lind 'l'r.n8mi!l1l1ion ofWav9s
.... Calr:lllale the critical <lnelA uf an air-gJasslnlArflice lIimiiar to Ihe interface shown
ill Figure 4 8 ThA dielectric conS'anl of glaSll ttl OpliCilJ frequendf!!I is 0! .25 timCSlhat
of all'.
- " . 5 A pearl is emheddecJ ullhe middle of II cllbic lu:avy-Icad glass If, - 3.6). Is it possible
(0 cover II portloo oflhe surface of the cubcso that from outside the pearl will nnl be
lleen at any viewing angle? If so. find Ihe shape and the minimum area uf the cover
fin terms of the cubic surface areaJ. Hint: consider condi ll ons of total reflection, and
nflgleclllluhipic inteml'll reflections
... e In the IhMfHnecJia configuration lIhown in Figure P4 6. Ihtl wltve numbers are k, . k,.
anr! "I' Find Ihe transmission angle in merl ium 3 in terms of I, ;md tilt: wave
numbers. A5Sllrne all k's arc real.
'.
------>
,
k. k.
--- / I C laS!! rod
L--_
7 Solid-stale lasers (ruby or glass) arc orlen fahrkall!t.1 uf rods wiTh Thll entb bevelled aT
the BreWSTer angll!. Lt!1 ( - for the rOO. Skelch the proper arrangement of the
exTernal mirrors and Their angles. Indi cate the twlvellt!d angle of the glass rod. What
III the polarizaTion of the uutpuT of Ihe IMllt i.lt:ulIl? (Sec Figure N .7.)
8 A parallel-polarized wavll is incident from mtttlium 1 on rhe plane boundary
tw.lwtlt:!o medium 1 and medium 2. Holh lIIt!dia arc dielectrk.jJ with - 1'1 - J; and
real permittivilitls t\ and {z. WA know that when thl! incidl;lnt angle II larger than Ihe
criticKlllngle 9,. no lime-llverage power IlIlrllllldcrrcd to medium 2. Also. when the
incidenl aoSIA is equal to the tlogle thA ref1tlctcd power is 7.flro. Now
Imaginl! It lIituation in which tlltl Brewster angle greater than thll critical angle. A
wl:lve incident III the Brl;!wster angle will nul be refiocled, lleClIUllt:! Ihe incident lingle
is cqualln 9", nor will it be tranllmitted. because the incident angle Is grel:lh:f than 9,.
Is situation poSllible? Why?
4.8 Consider an Illeclromagnelic wave of 1 MHz impinginH 11.1 60 on the
ThilGase ill similar to Ihatshown in Figure" 13. Assume tho the plasma frL'quency of
Ihe Ionosphere is 101,. '" 2r x II x Hf rad/ s. anti plot I E I Gsa function oh (like in Figure
4.14). Mark thAItCI:IIt! or z in meters. Solve only for IhA OIlIt! or parallcl polarization
wtth Eo - 1 Vi m.
ofWlLves
cashown
imes Ihal
I possible
i ll nm be
.he co\'er
ti on, and
Ire k"
he wave
elled al
I of the
'- Whll l
undal}'

han the
'H:n the
o. Now
n,llie . A
II angle
Ihan {I,
5phere
ency of
Figure
iz.ation
Probl ems
x

Ivk..J,ulJI 2

,

"_u,. P4, 10
l
3 2
"tu,. P4, 11
95
I Ellvolts per IIIclcrl
2
/"',
-'>'
lmelenl
10 A perpendicularly polarized electromagnetic wave impill)(es frOIll medium 1 (char.
acteri zed by - and t, - 10 medium 2 (characterized by _ ond
fl - IDI. This situation is shown in Fi)(urll N.IU.
( 8) Wh,lI islhecriliUlI angle" '1
(b) Lellhe im;iuent all,l!le lre 00; finu k. and k. in l11rlllll uf k" - !.J.fii7..
(c) Find k" in terms of Ko.
(d) In the second medium. find Ihi! tlishlllCi!:to. al which the fii!l!! slrength is l i e of
thotolz-O'
'e) Finrll R, l and the phase shifl <11')1 (Rrl.
- 11 A uniform plane \\'a\'e in air illlpill)(t:S lIoruliIlIy 011 a dieitJctric wall. The magni lude
of the tulal E field measured in fronl of the wall is shown tn Figure P4 11
4.12
13
. 1.
( 8) Whllt is thfl [lflrmillivity of thp. diflifICtrir. wall? AssLlml! " 1 - I'fr
( b) What is the frequt:ncy of the wave'
A uniform plane WIIVt: in air impinw.'S on a lossless dielectric matt!rial at a 45
8
an.!!le,
(IS sho ..... n in Figure P4 12 The Iransmilled W(lve propagates In a 30" direction ..... ith
resf>ect to the normal. The frequeucy is 300 MHo:.
(_) I,'ind ' . in terms of ...
(b) Find the reflection codficitJnt R
u
.
( e) Obtain the mathematical expressions for
the incident E fi eld. the refltlcltld E fitlld,
ond the transmitted E field
( d) In Imth mp.dia. l'Ikfllr.h thfl l'Itonciin,!! WOVA
potlt!rn of I E, _ r I os 0 function of z
1
k,
R'
Medium 2
k,

,
I"or t ..... o iMtropic media ,. f ) ". I " lind the Bre ..... ster8ngie for both tht:
pc:rpt:ndicular pulari:tatiun and the parallel polarization
U 8 wire ilnlenna is attached l-'llrullel to the metililic surface of a vehiclt: and is
insulated from the surface by (I thin layer of dielectric material with a thickness
approxImately flqllalto 1 mm, would it fl'!CfliVft an AM ![snlll If _ 1 MHz)? Hint: Wire
antenna interacts only ..... ith E field in the direction of the ..... ire
96 4 Rcnec:: ll on . lId of Wave.
- 4.15 It i,l known Ihllt the Iramlmilling anlp.nns of an PM slation lllioclited In the dirl;!Ction
perpendicular 10 a metallic plate. as shown in Figure 4.15. The frequency of the
signal is 94 MHz.
(a) Where should II rtlCCiving antenna placed to t9r.eive m<lximum signal? The
antenna is II dipole that interactll with the 10; neill .
( b) If the amplitude of the incident E field 1111 VI m, what is the amplitude of the
ricld at Ihis optimum pusition't
4. 16 II is found that by placing 8 t:Ol1ducling plale 0.6 m lJehind II dipole antenna, the
received sigll81 coming from Ihe normal direction is twice as strong as Ihe incident
field. What is Ihe frequency of the signal? What would the strength of the lota\ E field
be if the frequency of tht! wave is r:hlfllgcd to 98 MHz while the anten na is still
placed 0.8 m from the platet
4. 17 What would the E fiAid be if the rect:iving S)'MtJ!1Il in Prohlflln 4.1!:i werAlo delecl II
WiW*! coming in al an anglA lOa off lilA normal ? All/lllme that 311 nlher paramelel"!l
relnain tilA same.
4. 18 I IAri ve (" .!:ill.
4. 19 For 11 parallcl-polarized uniform plane W!lVfl Impinging nn II perfect conductor at:1n
An)!lc 9, find the eleclric. and magnetic: fields E ;1n(1 H for the incident and for the
reflect'lft waves
4. 20 Consider a 90' "comflr rt:flcctor" shuwn in Fil!jun: P4.20 11 is made of two
plateR placed perpflndicularly In 811Ch other. A uniform plane wllve with
E - iE. cXPl/kx cos 8 t /ky sin 8J impinges on the structure at an angle (1 Show that
the tota l electric fielr! is E _ - 14E. sinfkx COlI 8) sin fky sin (1). Hint: Tht! field is the
sum of four waVflS with four kvt:Clors shown in Figm8 N .20
4.21 Ulle the fnrmula given in Problem 4.20 for the totlll electric field . Find the optimum
poSition of II dipole antenna placed in fronl of the 90- comt:r reflector. The' angle of
the mddent wllve is 30-, The frcquAnl.)' i5100 MH:. Express tht! position in x - y
coordintltes In meters What is the "gain" of this rccelvlnSll.ntenna? GHin Is defined
as follow!!:
GHin - 20 lOS" I (dB)
when! E. is the 1-; field at the Rntenna poIIiti!)n and f' .. Is the field strength of thl!
incident wave,
y
>
,
!"i.yr. '4.20 Top villw of a 90
G
comer 1'8-
neclor aoll Ihe rour lI _veeloTI,
, ...
lion
the
The
the
the
ltml
'ield
still
~ I a
)Iers
II an
-the
two
v.ilh
thot
i I h ~
"urn
:Ie of
-y
ined
f Ihe
lef re-
Problems
Medium I Medium 2
2.U
o

>
,
= = ~
)
,
---4
0.67
--- - -
o
>
,
>
,
,
(.,
Figur. P4.22
(b'
Fll'!reP4.22
2.0
u
2.0
.. 0
o
t
85
.J:<:
t-
- - - 1 l l ~
97
,
,
,
>
,
)
,
98 4 Rcneclion a nd Transmission ofwlilves
4. 22 Malch tilt: following descri pti ons In tht: standing ..... lIve palterns "howl! in Figure
1'4.z:l . The int:idelll wove in medi um 1 has an tuu phtudA Aquui to 1 VIm. Nole:
There are thret: patterns Ihllt du not fit anv of the folJowinM utlscriplionll. Cross out
patterns.
(i) Plot of E, ....... ,wilh mooium 1 hf>lnM Hir. medi um 2 hUlling (l .. 4fD Hud #12 ..
10. t\urnu:al indrlem.:c.
(iiI Plot or 11-;, ..... ,with medium 1 being churaCleri7ffli by (, .. 4(0 Rnd p, Po-
and mt:dium 2 MinK Hi r. Normal incidence.
IIIL) Plot of I 1::, _II ' with mmliulU I being chlll1:lcl crized hy I, .. "10 and 1',
and medium 2 being /lIT. The incicfllnce auglo Is grARler than the !"Till ettl anglo.
(iv) Piol of E,IIII&II. incidence anglA is tll.juoilo the Brewster angle.
(vi r iot of I Euotell ' iuci dencfI anMh: is equal to thu Brews'Ar aU8lc. tl is greater
than
(vi) Plot of I Ey1uIall. Meuium 1 i s lIir 8ml modium 2 18 j.Jcrfoct conductor.
{vii) Plot of ) II n",.1 I (Ih). MerllulII 1 is ai r and meuium 2 is perfet:lconductnr.
4.23 Cunsider the i.:ItSC of normal iucidellrA of a uniform plane W6\'C on 11 perftKt con-
ductnr IHI in Figure 4. 15. 11 Cilil ue seen in [4.47) that an ollcilluli1l8 currAnt
18 IIU.lUCed on the surface of the conductor. Tlwfefore, the fullowing
may be written for the vtliudly of II chargc 011 the condUl.:!ul" :
v. tdqEncos(wl- h)
The abovtl aquahOIl is exactly the as f:f)u llliull (3.39). Con\IIlUO to wnrk alullg
thi s line lind 1-l1"O\'0 thattha timo-averaSfI raJiation prellsure on the pflrfel.:! conduc-
tor III twu limes that given in (3.45).
5.1
Pal
CIIAprEI( 4-
4./ ,_ - E .. ;.... -+- e; co, B = Es
- ,. - .... (...." ,. '" (-l/ )
1:4 = Y"'lI, c yx y",
4.3
U
<II C (iiJ f (;11) b (iV) et tV) d (vI) e
S,. - 41. SI'
si"" a:. r , II" /.s A.. '.ire/t.. .
It .. a.
Tirl..L C'JIV6.r Ar,ea" - 61<]rIC -3..
tr
J(.z .M ... . ':;:! -1.812 ().
I. '" /-s....,; "
tA.-6,i:. .vk :;:,,)It a -= 'a"
:L '" ""vIr MIlt. X/"',,!, _ 30.2
s"e./!,' 1"-1: /(,s; .... #,- c A,s,:"'1.1 19.1_
t. It, .)
[
?t. 6, .. '?f, ,';""6!t-
P 8.t -of , if 19, ""' .. ahg/c,.
.c.:!-_--'.L-_J J'/J-J..,,-1I-sf.7"
........ ..,. " Pi -1./ .. ."J It. a '.'-S"4."1". , ..
i'"pI!Jssi&le.; .. ,.. 4"J1e. (J'.) e-/wAf.s cr':I,'W (U'J.3/e. (19,):
..Jw.O. z: (I/E, .';11/
1
/ ... 8c. > IJ.
I,
C/al .. J It.,u . :.tj ... ,O!.
i!,rr*_, At)&-jl8" .
b (-SIb) + '(i;:7I .jZ$.S .jff'.'
ftJ..'7S
c
e ;
IE,,/ - H,i tV/ H.e!lA", _ /,_e-i.S"'G i','/ (U II.I..,)
I E'II : H. (ttl/Ii - H,(f/ /f.)/I +e-; ... ei',/ q I,. e -j.,.,./! /
u(/, ... nr.)J ._;.r.,', -".TSA,J_'",SJ,.-j,,,,,-,,,,,l.I
"'l..(.") - 1;1. n. 10 (T. e. - '0 +... e
I
E,I /=H,f-lL-JIr.le-
I
,.,.k., =H (t> 0.)/1 e-
J
""/e-''''7flt.J. / _j .. .le-' ... 7sJ.I
l ..... r.l fO) !I "T6i(Tt t -I'. ,-re
,
, ,
, ,
, ,
\/
12
,.,
{J
, ...
"
\
, y"U-
1
'an
".n ..
=
7'
./ )
-;;M
rs J.)-
4.1J
4/4
. -- -- "'-

1),7$8
0-' ,
RI r:sO .... /lJ,ItJ..D,.JI.,A.tJ ..;;.- .::,)l,{":Jt-J,'$; ....
,li,' = _;ll/A}_At. A,2
.'. l,f)S1P.;, At;Ai-A,""'t _ '"' (11,[1-)41,) 0" (}, -I ;';-;<7."", ('"p"-,"'"-.-,,,-,,=-,)'
,1', - , -'#, , (I'l i _'pl) 6 '(/,," -",Il,' J
Rzr#{) -;> ....
.1,.1 ,"1 , I
. , -,'81- = , I" fj ,I, z, (1" I, -II,/'d .,Lj, c., -, I: f': 0',,-1, -/1.1,)
. . """ .. t' , t. (' ') " U", _ , _ _
", )', fa -I,
/.IO'HI *,1-'.0,",. .. ".,:5<1'-'"
E,.. '" 2E ...... ( ; ... ) - :;. e. ( d. "",0'" A ) '" -I.l XI. e.
to TI1e./
i
eJJ. ;"- CU'r ,,- OSenll. "f ..,.e. t.Af".
4-,1$ (.) f 94,,/1; * .t = 3./9"" :. ""t."",,- be kutd. -t J=-} -
(b) /E/"' ... :21./ .z '1 ...
M /1- 2/ {S;"("1> :'.8'" il: ,,,..
V9
ftL'. Z.t>'
, JK/P ..
.: //-/./. S,,,-( Z.OS r) c /. 99> 11:.1
4.17
"""1
/ / .2././5,' .... ( k,l). "J"It"'>!.
:. 1 E 1 % ";"(/.f.9' . & < Co>l. > =1.999""./
. il .
, .
.

13
+../
in
1
---;"*"'--J
.

Per/,e.1: le, c I ,# 1i. 0
-k" rt: Ii s;""", -ti} 3 /({..Aj/1
R
"
YII.eJ'lKI,;""-jJ.las/J
gi. (;''''SS- lS;..4XII.1)e-jAXr'..e -j A, ... e , r' /If-'
il
r
_ ,.)/,
_ y.e . .
r
=-(R"J8>2S,;"fJ)(lI.pe
;fi - -; /!u$8- y "",fJ, 1f;. - -;- l/Co'8'" Y If .i ... p
Ii. c A;.: 'iA.asp .. yh.{N.-S; 'I c-/
"g" == S. E.. J "'", (-,I)! e. -jJt1': .... a
,. -jltrc.u-Ijkjli'" -r-,.
I e:- 2e
l1
e
iff. t .... i" .. t' = E
o
[ e
j
l/l
s
,'J_ -e -jixu,,( e;'1.s#-,_ e-.iJ;s:.,)
'i t. RJ,;"S) (:j)J, .... ( AxeD' (J) '" ; (-4/:.)s;...( -
f:. /()O;l)/) '9:t- 7"; --3' rr CIISIJ.
ff
'/IV" z. ' c
,'. ff.


/"
-- f>' --+.::.
,. --{>'--
,
I
,
,
A-

.....
s
'!
./ :


,

.I,
,

7 I.'?J

.J,
(j)
fl.
r
=

,.,
= -f
i.+ (,
--
'+ ).
Iflt.t,,1 .. t
J -0 : 1+ Rt
= '/J
I (;ytoh., I
... A_j ..... "' .. I
It/Ill.
I by M.iI
"" ...... .......
I-I R.I '" >/)
14
k<...:J.,;,,,,, J"

= I .$"M
-jitd r'"r,
<I.) f,t4/ M ,.{k<h',,",. 1EJ,If;,.,tl - ... <.7><osf t ;"
/4 "'f.l. .... I c",.t .".,J,'w.-. 2.. 'flult .. 'jltt lo/lA,."'''J th.'rvJ "...r,
\0 +.+.1 frA"'''''So'.". ..... re{Tt./" ... _ "V f',t.I iJ u ... t t ;. ,.., ...
.. ,. is ",loCAl -Ip t""A .. t ,'" ""I,' w"" r,+io .... I. "c..
tVi) N. E /.'.ltI ,'" t"IcJ.'", .. 1. J 'I);,I.J I" 0 ... 1 )., .
'Pia itt ..... : ffft rooJ';
(vii) /I. H /.,.,14;" ,..,,/ ........ l.. 11-1" 1,#..//1 " ". .. ;tM"'_ c:1 J'.
l'"tk" .. I I"f ul .......... i-j'" r.V-.
- .
II : 1
-
F", = 1;;,.a" S (.", /1, ) .. ,'(111- ";>
l l. 7"'" 1,wI ;.4 lwu.. (;.o ) J
F.llo"",,.'!' 4,,,,,'.,c.4-,_ Jb1t .. ,'" 'fL .. .J.o.t I bllf'
- .. (-
P=c: .S)
15
"
15
:al
:bJ
,.
Id

loJ
Ibl
I a
,v.
h.
'c.
h.
;ul
'c.
ice
ilh
00"5
lid
lid
h.
me
Example 5.8
Solution:
Problems
127
Using WI! QuIll in
- iJA - fle
Vx A -fl-' - . --e ..
, p
Cak:ulallt the IQlal ti me-averaije electromagnetic power IransmiUed IIlon)l a
line when the fields ilft: by (54ft).
The time-average Poynting vector (5 ) is I!IVtlll by
( 5 ) _ - Re[E )( WI - Rc - e
I I IV'
2 2 P
e' .... _ 1._'_ V I V'
'IP
Therefore P _ (r
Problems
- 5.1

- 5 . 3
Show thaI the complete fields of tilt: TE wave In II para lltd-plalc w3veguinf! aTe ,IIiven
as follows
E,. - .sin k.x e ,.....
- kE.
H. _ --'-sin k.x e ....
.,
;k.E. ....
II, _ --cos k.x e
.,
E.-O: E.- O: HJ .. O
Find the r.omphlle fields of the TM wove In ;) paral14!['plate waveguide
What is the lowp.sl frt:qut:ocy of an eieclrulIIllHnclic wave thaI can be propagated in
the '1' 1': mode in the carthinno91lIu:n: wavegUide? the latter as two perfectly
r:onducting parallel by AO km.
- s Find rhfl9udll cccha rge den9Hy p. on the upPflr lind the lower pllllps of Ii parallel.
plate waveguide for lal the TE. mode. and Ib] the TM", mod A_
- 5.5 Finrl the IIIl1thcmatieal for a Tt-:M wllve in a parallel.platt! waveguide
thaI propagatl!l'I in the t dir'r:lion Figure 5. 11. Skelt;h the parallel.plate
waveguide. and indicate Ihe rllTt!ctions of E. II . and J .
-5 A rnicrostrip line has the dimeMions f,I - 0 Hi em and w _ 0.71 em. and the
permittIvi ty uf the sullslralp. LS ( _ 2!i t ". I' - ,... II 0 Eslimlllp. the tUllcaverag'
powerlhat is by the line whtm l E 1_ 10' VIm
128 5 Wavftgu lcl flfl and ResontllOrs
' 5. 7 The hrf'akdown vo]toge of Ihe dieler.lric used in Ihe Slriplinf! clAscribed in
rrubll:!lTI 5 6 is 2)< 10' VIm. Ust: .. safety foctor of 1050 !hatlEI is ltlsS than 2 )( 10'
Vi m eVf!rywhere in the linc. Find Ihe maximum tune-ilverage power Ihat the
strilJlinl:! can transmit Neglp.cllhe ohmic loss
5. 8 With the fields in a rcctangular wavJ>glllde, lind the surface current I. nn the top
Iy - bl of the w;J\' egtlinll. If we v.anlio CUi a slot along 7., where should Ihe sial becul
in order In mInim]',,\:! the disturbance it will r.aWle? Assume that only the TE,. mnde
eXIsts ill the \\il\'cguide
5.9 Shnw that, If tht: .... avclcngth of an f'lectromll.,ljnetic wave In an unhnunrlP.rl medium
chllril clcrizcd by " and f is KreHIt!T than 20, then this Wa\"A cannot propagate in Ihe
rectangular wiivtl.i\uide (shown in Figurf! 5.8) wllh the dielectric inside IhA wave-
8U1de al50 Ch(lr<lcterized by" and I .
fl ml!tflfS
Exhausl 81r
4 HI melp.T
U
"-

,..",."11.10
5.10 An AM rodio in an aUfomohile cannot rl..'Ccive any signal when the cor is inside a
tunncl Why'f [.Ill m ilSlIUIIH: Ihollhe tunnel i8 thA LIncoln Tunnel. which was huilt ill
unA nnder tlte Hudson River in New Yurko Figure PS 10 showA a cross sa;lIun of the
Lincoln Tunnel
5.11 "'incl Ihe fn:qucncy ranges for TE .. mooe optlr'l!lon for 'hMA rAClall,ljular waveguides
listed in Table I.
5. 12 DfI..!Iign an airfilled rectangular waveguide to be U8ed for Inmsmission of electro-
magnetic power al 2.'15 CHz. This frequenr.y Ahnult.l he al the middle of 'hI! opP.rating
frf!<Jllf!llcy band. The design should a],u allow maximum pnwflr iram:lfer without
!ItIcrificing the operating frt:quency bandwidth. Find the maximum power thA
waveguinA can transmit Use a safety {aelur of 10. Neglect ohmic loss. The
hrflakt.luwn E in air is assumAd 10 ire 2 x 10' Vim
5. 13 Repe"t Problem 5.12. but assume thaI a t.lit:lcctric mol erlal is ItAAd 10 fill the
wlIvcguide. The malArial is charactcrized by , - 2.5Uto. " ... ,.... and" - O. The
brcakdown ,.: fiAld in Ihe dielectric Is 10' Vi m.
5."4 Cnn:iiuer the size of a rectangular wavcguide to explain why il i:i nOI used 10 transmit
clcclromagnAtir: wilves in the VHF rangfl . (Tllktl f - 100 MHz]
"G. t:. &tnOslrom. Turn"ll'lI.. New York: Holt. RinclwM.t WlnJllnn. 1963. p. 242.

ttnlltors
7iUetJ III
:! w 10'
hat the
the hJV
J( becu!
moo,
nedium
e in tht>
inside a
\ huilt ill
In orlhe
.. cguides
eleclro-
p!'l<Itin,l!
without
WI'r the
JSS. The
fill (he
O. The
transmit
Prohlem"
I
I
I
I
I
,
o
129
FI9""",16
)
,
5.15 The cleclromagnAtlc fiehJs ossociated with the TE,o mode pmpaglltinx iii the t di-
rection Me givt!lI by (5.23). Find Ibt! t!lcctromagnelir: frelch ossociated with the
TEIO Illude propagating in the f direction, wilh maximum eiectrir: field equal 10
E,.
5.16 ConsinAr a reclunguinr wavegllinttllhuwlI in Figure Fur the region z < O. the
medium is nir ann for z > 0 tho modium II ciulrdclorizoo. by lind $/oz. A TE
lo
mode with maximum Efield OCluIIlto En implngos on thA boundary from the iftft.
Thfl resull is that somA power is reflected ann lIome is transmittod. Alisume tilal
tho reilocted wave is tliso TE
ID
. with maximum E field aquallo E
I
, and the trans-
mitted wa\1! is TEIQ mode with mllxiJlLum E-field ACl1l81 tu E
z
' Find the ratio E,lEn
in It:rlJl S of 0, W. fa. f'u.' l' alii.! $/oz
5.17 Tilt! corncr refleclor sluLiied in Problem 4.2U rCi.juires Ihe solution
E - i:4E. sin{k)tcM8Il1l11ikysinOj
Show thai althou.IIh thc coordinates IIrt! different this solutlOlI is in fact the resonator
mooe thai wc studied in Sedion 5.2. Placing condut:ling plates al )t - fI And y - b to
furm a cavity ff'.sonulor as shown In ProlJlem 4.20, what are the restrictions on the
incinpnl anKI!:! 8?
5.18 (a) Find (hI' real-time expression of tht: fiddsof the Tt';,... moot: in Ihe reclangular
cavity shown in Figure 5.9 .
( b) Find Ihe tolal slun:d eleclrlc enArgy III the cavity as a funclion uf lime. Find the
corrf'..spundinglotal storM lIlaHnclie energy
Ie) Show that enl'flI)' is stored alternMlngiy in !:!Ieclric and In magnetic fields. thai
the maxUlium stored eleclrie is equal tn Ihe mllximum stored magnetic
ellt!tgy. and 'hal Ihl! total siored elpclrolllll.llIH:tie energy In the cllvily is a
constant inLit!jJt:ndenl of limA. Note thol these proPftrties IIrt: similar to those of
the luw-frequency I.e rl!lfOnant circuits.
5.19 Find the lowelll resonant frf!C]Uflncy of the TE,., modI! in an air-filled rRClanHular
OIvity III!:!Qsuring 2 )( 3 )( 5 crn
l
. Note thlll tht!re ore three different choices for
designating thA Z axis ond thatthA.'If! result in three dlffenmt TEIOI modes.
1.20 waVAS in air with wavAlflnKlhs mnging from 1 1010 mm are called
millimeter WHVI!S. Millimeter wavl!S may be gulden by dielectric slabs. r.onsidl!r a
diAIACtric slab with" - Ilk, and I: _ f .. all !Inuwn in Figure 5.12. What should ils
Ihickness he in orul!r that only Ihe TE. mude may be exdted fot' frequencies up 10 aoo
Gil ... ?
-5.21 IJM direct substitulinn Inlo Maxwell's Aquatiuns to show thai the rll!lds given by
(5.481 ore solutioos uf Moxwell's ACluations in cylindrical coonJinalcs
130 5 W.veKuidcs and Ruonaton
5.22 Use the formula!:! of divergence and curl in t;ylin drical coordin .. rell 10 provf;l thaI
V. V x A _ OforanyveclnrA
5.23 Find the fP.Ctan)!uiar coordinates of a p(lint P where the cyli ndrica l coordinules are

5.24 " lnd IhA cylindrical coordinate.-; of 8 point Q where the rectangula r coonJinales are
1(, y. and z.
5.25 Show thaI the di fferential voillme in the l.'ylindrical coordlnatM is p up dIP dz.
5.21 To convert It veclor expressed in cylindrk.al cOlnpullents inlo the same In tP.Ctan,!luil:lt
oomrxmlwUI. or vice versa, il ill convenient 10 prepare II ta hl e fur dot products
Ut: lwccn unil veclors in these coordinate s)'!!If'ms. For example. i . p _ (:0,0; 6, all
IIhown in the fullowing labl e_ Complete the table.
Dot Products aet ween Cylindrical and
Rectangular Unit Vectors
p !

i cos .j
i'

0
,
5.27 Use the aLovtl tabl e to find the roctongulor componpnls of the fullowing vector
lucaled at II - Z, Ib - 30, anu z _ 3:
3 f
5,28 What is the maximum time-average power a coaxial line ca n transmit without
call.'ling brtlokdown? Assnme that the coaxial line is air-filled and Ihal the break-
down E of the air is 2 x lit Vi m Use a Aafety factOr of 10 50 thai the maximum E
fie ld a nywhere in the line does not 8xct!f:!d2 x 10' Vi m Thfl rlimenllion of the line is
2(1 - 0.411 cm and 2h - 1.14:t cm. Neglect ohmic: loss,
- 5.21 Cuns idcr t he coaxial li ne shown in Figure P5,2A. HaH uf the line (z < 0) is filled
wi th ai r, and half uf it (z > 0) is filled with a IUllterial charar. IArized by tl and
The 81ectrulllagnclic wave inc:ident frum tho loft hi" the folluwiu8 field s:
E
' - V, - ,u...
- p- c
p
, V,
H _ q. - e i ....
''''
The fields uf Ihe reflected wave may Iut tlx lJ rcsscd as follows:
V'
E' _
p
atonl
. thai
'5 arc
)lular
ducts
1/1. liS
:e<;tor
ithoul
neak
.um E
Jine is
filled
nd ~ 1 '
Problems
131
fa) Write down the fields of the transmitled wave In 1 '>' 0 What wave number k
!lhould tw. used?
f b) Finu V ~ and the amplitude of the transmitted fields in terms of V .. ",. and.,. by
matching the boundary conditions at 7. _ 0 C'..ompare your r&sult with the
reflection lind tnmsmission cot!fficitmls Obtoilloo in Chapler 4 ror waves
reflected from dielectric boundaries.
I
',.1',
/
r
=t=
>
Figur. P s.n
~ ,
,I,
I
, - 0
CN/iPTER S
.1 V.,g-jwr.C ryrJt 6--jwJlB willv _/ay.a
9 - If S1--i"'l'-tJ, i
....
OJ . .,:oJ -If '-______ _
fiU
ll
- n
Jl
.. = J .... l IJ 0
_: Atr)e".,i- J ff.u. JJ1'l)+ w3M!-".' _0
"-:!ttl) 2 t 1
: ..::l< Xl -+;7, -0'" .. (, Si",",.zX I 1.>J4"., It ... 1.},J.lt-Aj
/. ,-
ErJ'k.-o=br9 c,o j ... o .... I .,..,,2JJ ..
:. f, - E. s ...... e II I; e.)
- v<i k, ., . '.' "E ,_i' ,
H -- .. .., i
J
'----! I...; (;o,S l'e"'./c
_ -)"")-1- ". -r- wi4 lit ...
", ti1l. .-!}A.Eos; .... ; 1J. ... j :ft.-. ..
H. AHu",e = 0 tit I4tn.. (::1" (JJl-R;)-O
H(a). A DJD,.. ')!' .. 8 s, ..... ""x IIJltart It.r I. A.*,
S . ,
:. HI- A<u.,.e-j.i.S.i"l,re-
j
... 4nL E-j.,f
- z ..
0 + S cO
:. I . ':z' H.GAJi, -ji,l (","01.1.. b, H.)
E _ ';'Ix 11 $/"k )' e .j'.l
_' 0.011' "
IJ; 1-4. tb5.f"xe ..
ji
,f
t!:l, -Ji4 {1 - 0
!.
-= ---L- = JIt/o' _ / . 8'1S
,
Ca.) TE".: ,. E.fi ... (.s!1t)e
jl
,f: ..,_
-t'
f.,i
x
_# f1/, .... 0" /J cO ",. pt.'C$
M A, ) .jl,' I> L--_______
( ) T ... : It - iJl" H. CD) 7: X e (FroG'" p,..,p .. ,., l:.!)
d .y.",.t.-j'jl-
at %-4", ... ... i _(" )-'.!.LH.e
ji
,, J 1t1.0 ... {.,.1'J' " _ W
rM;" po.ro./I<l - 711. .
f
J -" =
pnput ... "'j ."" -2 a4""t,,,,, : /1- Y H.e /t. ."Mr;.
E.:= ,H. (-j4f) _ -iN 1ej
l
- JW[ Jwt '
at ):,;:01 .b.l: x,,8Iz,,0 'iH,e
ijl
at :r .. a.., ; ... BI, ...... iH.ei.J
P
_-L/E/2.,!!!. v.
f
)". r.ITlIO'II.I.S-rt/o
J
J3 '"
z t (v,"',.) Z.l
, "/_ 2.),/0" w.tI. p .!2./O">''''' .. OD." kW
t: 2.,3QKII.(I1Ui) w"
fro,., ($'.II,"), j6,JiU. m 0,. .
;t,ly') w -"81". - -. ('2t')s;,(le-
J1
,,-. (O!)
at %- t ' t - i ;.!, a t.."P",.."t t4" <..w'r6,,4; lI'ti.t
:. sl"t v.owLi. c","t .1.#", -:t </I." ",.;JJIe. ( ..... t %- Ala.).
16

c:>ls
zrE

$-
b

-1-----,
o
-1

S,9
It lit Z/;;.rIt!t.(lT *.ol,
AS$ume b < (I,. J -ll-tA tM. k",u( A<. .t- /'Ma' _ .... 10!. 0 ; Ac: c 2
,', WW& A. >A,-J4. Cant'Wlt f""Op49J .. u,. 1:k f,t)tUIf..Jf4U{I,. .
1 '3.ID' i ,. _ (
(T( ),..,. c /11.#., ... .... '.SS JC 21., HJI, h"fJ...,. -IIw:vt AM .-:!"V"J III'''1I1J)'
1.91(/'"
41( .11.0 -). 3lI1W
:sIOD HHJ 10
8
>(!c.),. OIl .... ph,liWt,.Jw,
r (E ,.-j-l." l + " ,.; 'ill $:. ,.. =
t l' = < "' ..... J "'y.
fYJ = fy i i 00 ---+ IE. , = ELI
J.i., :: fE, e-'J-I./l
t
E, ejl\lf) -'ill 5' .lL!:
\.j l,.) A. . '" a... i
(E -E).:fu.
, ..... 0
.. &0 .. 1 .... 4/0 .. ,
.. = ..... , {,l' ..... -1.11
Eo ..at '"'n + .M.
",l..,< i'l = J w",.f. -
17
I-j.!
-
.m. leo..t :;t'S"tl=-- ... ,t4.C.UJ- Wl1T, "....,.12.,' .....
S;".{1t6S,',.,,)-O" ",&"2",,.-
+..,.9- ;t ; . ft..,,".' .....
So 18 (4)
(e)
E,_ Elf SIt1 eo.swt
H
E" ". r ."A wi' t
;X ;:;7.i4 7: L 71C S",. Q/
H b:. CO$.!Lt S;,.,. si",wt
_"" CiI... Z
U
Ii
f-E"J.COllwt 104.1.', .. )Si,., y) dk4,/Jl - : (AJ,ti,.)
VII - fE,,'ltiJt['f'L
i
(-;b s;""(",:) CaS, drel IIi
'I I I I
l4tt s, .... tt.Jt(AM)(7}.7f:)
u.
- I. t d) .,Ito..z 1rJ. Z (--'- i
Ii. -TE,, (4Jo ; jiT+JT)
At .1 fll-jinl-..t+;jr)Yz. ... ul
c
(21r/->t. ,;/ (-it" ,/.),
,W:: : e,}'( ... ,,,,-).
At asOI1Q.At. .) lUI:. .M"/(-;!r+ir.) -.> U
N
, - +E...'( .. J
ihU"t/Dr8. U
l
,,.,. UN Iii.. .. _fE
4I'
(Abd)_
(iiJ CJ.use 4." l tIIr1
18
.5" .2 .1
- I
w.e s:_
- p
w x.- COS 30"z; {J/ z; Sin Jo". Vt ; E-. 2
S'+ 1':: ; !-..!
d,,= df(Pdl .i epa!,d?d'
Hi



f'


()

C05
Y
"
I
"
() I
19
Problems
180 6 Tron,milll ion Lines
We can find thft rtlnecled wave by carrying out an analysis similar to the one
for II transmission line with a capacitor. The result is as follows:
V _ V
L
V, _ V.(e 2.0(. TVL - [6.58)
Figure 6.39h shows the voltage VIz) on the line during the lime period
T < ! < zT
1. 1. Wh", t81he voltage in the striplinc discussed in Example 6.1 whtlnlhe timtl-llverage
power uein,l! transmitted is 10 kW?
e.l. ConllldfIT IhA coaxial line discussed in Example 6.3. Calculate the maximum
time-average power thai may lre tra nsmit ted in the IinA. IlI1e Ihe hreakdown E - 2 )(
10' Vim and a safety faclor of 10.
' .3. Two coaxial lines have equa l characteristic impedances: 50 fl Bol h ort! air-fillt:!ll.
The firAl Itnll hall a power c.apadty of I MW. and Ihe ser:ond line's capacity Is I leW.
Find the ratios a,loz and b,/b
a
. Consider only the breokdowll vollilKe.
11.4. 115f116. Ibland the boundary condition (4.31 to obtllin the surfllce-currellt density J.
on the lower plate of the parallel-plate waveguide Then calculale Ihe lolal current
on the lowAr platA. Compare the curren! with the cif!finilion of Ilzlxiven by (6.3bl
e.s. "'Ind the surface-current density J. on the inner conductor of a coaxial line. Then
calculate the total current on it. CompBre the total curren! with I lzl defined for the
coaxial line.
11.11. 1\ trunsmission line is short-circuited (ZL" 01
(_) FinclthA AxpMMion.( for j V(zl jand j l1zljll8 II function of kz. z.. II ncl V, .
( b) SkctchjVlzlltlndjI(zll
(e) Find VSWR nn the line.
II.? Rcpctlt Problem 6 6 for a transmission line with on open circuit at the - 001.
Ref}t!lit Pruuitlln 6.6 for II. transmission line with a mll!chAC! loarllZ/ - 2..1.
- 8. 1\ tr<'lll8miAAion IlIlA is terminated with a normll1i7.ed load of n.R + /1.0 Calculate la)
the VSWR. fbi the posit ion of the voltage minimum. anti IcJ thtl pt!rcentll..IIe of lhe
incident power thaI is reHeeted by the load Sketch I Vlzljas a funCllon of z/A .
10. Solve the problem discussed in Example 6_6 by usin8 the Smith chart. Fi nd the
po!Iition of A Ahunt susceptance that can tune the line to have II perfect malch
the value fin mhos) of the shunt sUSCt!ptam;t! .
. t 1. For an 0Jlfln-drr.uilArl 50 U transmission linft of lftnglh p. Ihft input ImpNtAnce Al lhe
other end is ;33 0_ Find the lcngth 2 (in A)_
II. t 2. Repell.t PrulJlem 6.11 when the line is short-circuited lit ona find
13. For Ihe first WAvegUIde in Tahle t of Section 5.2. design an iris Ihat will give a it_57
IiJulittanct: til f - 8 CHi:.
8.1
0. 1
0. 1
0. 1
0. 1

0.2
.. 11.1:
. . 2!
..21
n Lines
he one
(6.58)
period
Ivenlge
ximum
'.: - 2 x
--filled.
,1 kw_
,"sily I.
::urrenl
5.3bl.
' . Then
for Ihe
L - <x.
lale tal
, of Ihe
!Od the
match_
e at the
a j1_57
Problems
181
e . 14. From the Smith chart. find r L for the following ZI,oo; fall + jZ. fbI "". fel O. And (dJ 0.55
iO.38.
e . 15. UI6 the Smith chart 10 find Zl.oI from the following f L (01 06 e'll . fbJ - 0.3. Cllld
(clO
e. 1e. Fora load impedance of 0.4 ;0.5. find the location of the first voltage minimum and
Ihe first voltage maximum allhA load end
.e.17. Prom Ihe Smilh cha rt . find Ihe ad miHances for tilt: followi ng Iml>f!dancAlI: lal z. _
0.3 - iO.6 amI (bl z... - 5 + i3.
8 . t8. A traMmiMlon line is terminated with a normal ized impedance Z .... _ Z + ;2. as
shown in Figure 6.19a. The incident V. - 1.0. linn Ihe characteriSlic Impedance of
Ihe line is 1.0. Show Ihal V .... - 1-... - 1.62.1 vloll- 1.55.lvf - O.21!:l>.I1 - 0.76. V",,,, _
t.", _ 0.36,11(011 - 0.55. and I 11 - 0.219>.) 1_ 1.45.
e . Ut. A shunt IIdmillance of Vr ... - -i 1.57 is added to Ihe transmission line that ill
terminated by o lood ZI.<o - 2 + j2. as shown in Figur8 6.19b. Thfl pMillon oflhe shunt
ill 0.2IR>'. from Ihe load, so !hallhe line is perfectly motched. Let V. _ 1.0 and Zo _ 1.0
nnd show Ihal V .... - 2.lm.1 VIOII - 2.00. I ... , - 1.86.1 11011- 0.71. and I.", _ 0.49.
e .20. In Example6.B. find anolher set of solutIons of and iJ (In cenlimcters).
e .21. For the IIOlulion found In Example 6.8. how much lotallimeaverage power ca n be
fed 10 Ihe array without causing breakdown in Ihfl difllftClrt c? Use the value 181.000
V/cm as Ihe breakdown sirength of Ihe dleJcclric. use 6 saft!ty faClor 10. and lei
a - 2 mm. Hint: consider the standing waVe on Ihe stub tuners as well as on the
transmission lines.
- 1 . 2 2. For Ihe circuit llhown in Figure 6.25a. lei 2'. - SO II. H
t
_ 70 n. It, _ 50 n. e _ 2 m, v-
10' m/s..I1 - 10 's. and V. - 1. Plotthe vol!age and current at :t _ e/2 ItU function of
lime.
e .2J. Ca lculate Ihe percentage of energy generaloo by the puilltl Jlenerator that is abllOrhect
by the load in the circuit of Prohlem 6.22.
8.24. "or a four-digil code system. design a D-A converter similar to Ihal discussed in
Section 6.5 using Ihe transmi.ssion Iine8hown In SpecIfy Ihe value of R.
the location of the sampler. and the lime that a 1I1HIlpie shuuld he 18klln.
e .25. III plotlin,l! Figure 6.32. it ill implicitly as/lumAd that Hr > 7" and Ihal H, > z.. $0 that
bot h r t Bnd f , ore positive numbers. Skelch a similar diaMram for Iht! clllle in which
Rt - 0.52. Hnd R, - 0.52'. .
1.21. Draw Ihe voltage and the current refleclion dingrnms for Ihe trulUli nillSiun line which
is sliort-circuiled as shown in Figure Pfi.26. Pi ol V and I (i5 funclions of time at
z - t /2.

v. :
T
z.
1
_ 1.27.
28.
182
6
Transmission I.I nllll


,- --1
Draw vohoge ond thecurtenl reflection for the transmission liRAlhal is
perfectly matched. all shown in Figure P6.27. Plot V and I lUI fum.: tioll!J of time at
7._ 912.
Refer to Figure 6.31, and It!! R, _ 22'.0 and - 057'\1' Draw the voltllMtl reflection
dia,l!ram for 0 <. t <. 6T, and plot Val Z - 3i/4 tur 0 <; I <. 6T
21. Refer In Figure 6.31, and let R. - 2 Z. and Al - O.S1... Draw the current reflection
dill)lr8IU for 0 <. I < 6'1', and plntt al z - 3f / 4 fOf 0 .... I .... 61'
, .'o. Refer In Figure 6.388, and obtain an exprflAAion for I . Sketch I II} and liz) versus 1.
fur the time period 'j' < I < 21'. The Sktl lCh should be simtlar to Figure 6.3Sb and
Figure 11.31k:.
8.31. Derive (G 58)
F
-
I

7.1
Vector ;
iI.
-
.f----
0') ia. 1(/0 e ..
jAl
i(E.I'l.)ej,r

"
:.1. cIs W = W(E-It > e,iAl ) S ..... L "'$ (,.3')
II ZL 0 .;.. 11.1
1')'iO) - 'i' ( r, - l!' ( e-;')- ;.) ) -2h' s.;"(II}) ., yel)1 '"
p!) = f e;II): il're-jAI.ejJ) c f j:'CD'(o!J)./ !Il)/ - f/v'u cos(41)/
- Iyt111 "tn'-
IW -In
.
(C.) vswR.;: 1.,Cd _00
'f'd
' .7 21.=oc -=>!J .. cf .
'fl} ) ' y'( e-; tl. r,e;! I ) G ' (e oj',. e ,H) - 2'" <os( II l> ... 1>'(1l1 = ./ "'I/cosek)ll
PI)- f (e-
jl
) - r,oi",). f (e-
j
,- e
JAJ
) - -2) f s,;"On ... I IIlJI = :.lltil
Il/.ll
,W I'r,
---- 21l1'l - 2. v' .
(0 V5w1!.-
I+ICd
I-Ifd =1
20
.. .ya. 0
1
1JI1l1
------------1: ,.r/
o }
'//0
g [t :[( OS< jl.O) -IJ/[r . s+jl.O)+IJ ()-D. ')/( j He) = "*/[,{= 0.49,
vSWR e (1+1'.1)1(1-1''') x (I+O.HS)/(I-O.49S) - z.q,
tb) zk.4;,,=, ?+"ISOO= 72.3
P
+IBD-. Z5.2.3(} ... j". :::i,!A-=0.3S'A.
... "",'";,"01.,,,", V At _ -
(e) P,,,/P.,,,-D/,d'-(D.4QS)'-().Z4!>. => Z4.S% o!;""d tp .,;..,.'-s u/l_,Jd

I .... OS
O.SDS
--:; . t".--_:-:.!-.,,.._='.:., ... .-:; . if"
i
L
".., J'l.
:. ZI."ZLFl)l5C al7-jZfS.Il
YUllA)- o,'+jl.22.

tilAt (O.I'1/'-D.Jr,)J,.a O.()2..A blL#/.. s,,_t -jt.s-(=.jo.C3",M)
(ii)A-t 0.168). -h,,.,., sl,Uftt +jls(_jo.()3",lto)
:. esc. .. eLI" == 3.:J./ ... )=0.3/'1 =Jr d,.. .. Z'" tJ.1r em
6.14 S",itA CI,(Art : (IJ..) b. (b) I &0 (c) I (d) 0.31/-IZ'-
,.,s P"1Nr> Swrifit cAtu'"t: (Il) /. J 5+ J /. 69 (h) b.$"3 (C) J
21
f:tl If;."i,.."," _t J lit - %1.-
Is' ..""....., ... .,"" _t --O.33Z"\'
o
o.OBzJ.
(II..)
- - - __ t
!
/
y .... 1& O.IS jD.OS 7
It = -1)/tl",.+I} = ('+j2)/(3+j2.) .. _ O'5" ...
'L+" e.-' =>llljll-!I-I'LeJ'!
M<L 0A<t I.i.-".,g
= /"!" / 1 1+(0's4+jo.31)1 1 , ..... +jo " _
I - II + (0.62'''')e
i
t,!!I-D." ... ) 1 ;'0.'"-15
7
.", -I 1+ 0.6,fl1s , = 0.'19
I];MI-II-['.I =1 1-lo.<Hi 0.31) 1 -1 ... '-j. .. 1 = IMiS
1 !I-.mAi! /1-0.6'1-,,8'1_ /.#7
/-rC;H P,.d/._ -0.'19
A(fer- """..t..,
0> l! <V'd.l sA_U b& by ...
.... Aft.,.. sluUlt; . 'il't'l_" =1. t.z. II; ,. 'J.6b = z. tJ ; f "y(O)/ = J(./.2t :. Z.DO ;
'f_x 'I (-D.Zl9Aii ./.,,(, = I.I?/.:" - /.e';
lJ(o>/. 0.70; aNJt, = fJ. J8)(/. 2.'" -0.#3
22
,
'.A) I
E. {'8/(
IO
I" vic..,., -/.8Iw/0" IoYm ; we ;u..,. 10 i I. 91 XIO" 0/",
fDr L.;,.e, IY..,I/l 0..1...( '/a.))..,. I y..". J /. tlA 10' ,n 10] ",. H{I 7{, V
O.>t, ,J. ... h. I EO 1.1.r_1I $,''1 T(-#"u"T.ul a wS4IY./
.'. .. " ={t{AU7Al{/ZlY., H7"0.(,S4/2=H96 r
... "{y'IV,i'. - ({1j.'1b )}'(2XS'O) = ZZ.4 1<w
y1';SO/fS
O
"",SD)_Y.z I "1=0
.,(0 (tJ
T=.l/sr&":)JI./o S. )i.(J .I/.a.>.L CJd/2)
-
V- V"'. O,14711.(Y)=0.08JS Hz.
- ... II t
I. nI -o./'71((c.II')--AO()I'1 T/:. T
r' .
J
'1
"/9 ......... 1=:31:.._-,
'" .... OJ--

. I
t
too
- v,tl-:--.-. T.l/v
v.
v.,-v, .. l..T
I.t
t
T
f
I--'--..,...-t
t

T -----l----


l: ----
1 .'
It V./I. " ft:
r:. =-1
V.-r;,V.,a-
I.--f!lt tl.

)
o Yl t 0 III 1
t) (.tJ-4',)
f. --------
tL --
If,
. lot l"/l
{'
o "1. TIT/I "T
23
6. 31
=!'
t t
T
,
T ----,----
u '
IlNL I .. -O
ttl)
v. (pt
it.
"
:. J
Th
:. =--7;,,,,,.-'=+- J .!-. -;T,J:-,--'r'-- t
L-,k-..,,---- t
t T
"
ST
4T
"
T


3T
tT
T


Jr
v
T
ST
T
J.14- I/J.. J
I .. . :1.=.. _ [1_ 2 -ct -T )iLC]
i. Ii. e
I.C")
v
...

::h.
, ..
v .. - Vo f2. a",d. I. VI_."" i:.
vt<,
't ..... ,i:
.v.
o
I
: It!!r :
I F- I
I
, I' I
I I I
" I
T
i
,I '
21" IJT 1' 'ST: 'r

iT fr !iT iT \,T


t
: '
, I
, ,
, , '
, , '
, , '
, , '
, , '
, , '
, , '
, , '
: I I I
Tl

, T- 'IV'
%I)l
1t1-----l
ar }-..t. V,.z::V .... V_ ""'oi. r,,-I.+l_-(v,.-V.)/, v .. -v--rl,.
.. . tV. -= V
L
+2.I
L
.. Vl.-1V+ -l.Il.. l
... Ae.--rt
. I ) ... .!..Y:t :!!t 1:'1. I.
Us,,,", I,.(t-r -0) e
T
.... II,.(T .. t<2T)_r.[t-e-TU.-n]
I.-IL-I ... _
-L .J. . ,
;. V_ c-I.l - V. [,-z t."T'<t-T)j 6: V. [ e-rli.:'T) - TJ
24
o
that
find
.49)
j -
. 11
.. aH
Problems
Problems
221
to Puerto Rico. This mdio system is called the Very Long Base-
lin" Array. The angular resolution will be of the order of 10 radian,
which is smaller than the angle spanned by a dime located ill New York
City when it is viewed from Los Angeles.
In ordinary arrays, individual antenna clements arc connected by
transmission lines. For the very long baseline array. such physicHI inler-
connection of antennas is DOt practical. IIISif!Hd, Ihe signal received by
each 811huUlH in Ihe Hrray is recorded on magnetic tapes which arc later
transported to a central facility where the tapes arc replayed simullfwl7
ously. The key to such processing is a vel'Y lime standard for all
rer:orch!ti dalH. AI present, lime synchronization of the recordings is
provided by hydrogen masers which arc accurrate within 20 nanoseconds.
- 7. 1 Find Ihl! roclangular coordi nales of a poinl P where the spherical coonJinales are
(r-l.8-60,._300).
- 7.2 reclonsular coorrlinates of a point Q are (1. 2. 4). Find ils llpherical
coordinates.
7. ;) SllOw liIal V . V )( A - 0 in spherical coordinales for any vcctor A
-- 7.4 Show that the differential spherical surface element is tlqUllllo ds - r sin fJ dB dr;.
Hill l: Rerer 10 Figure P7.4.
!lleur. P 7.4
- 7.5 To convert a voclorin spherical coordinates 10 the same in rcclangular coordinates. it
is convenient 10 prepart: Ii table fur dut prtxiucls belween unil vAC:lors in Ihese
'K. I Kellermann and A. K. Thompson. -rhe ..... ry lonll baseline.nay;" Science, Vol. 229,
No. 4709. luly 1985. pp. 123- 130 .
222
7 A ntenn
coordinate systems. Pnr example. i . t ... sin 8 cos lb. as indir.atM in the following
tahle. f'.omplete this table.
,

t smScos,;

i
- 1,8 I JM! thA I"ble prepared in the preceding prnhlp.m 10 express the following vector A
located 01 It ... 1, 8 ... _ 60, tP ... 45} in rt:Ctongulor coordinates:
" ... 12t + 58 -
_ 7.7 Show thlll the distance function It ... r'l llia\ appears In 17.7) and (7.8) can be
I!xpresscd in spherlc<ll coordinlltes as
Ir _ r ' l l_ r'+ r'l 2ft'COS )'
cos ')' ... COlI 8 COlI W + sin 8 sin 8' cos('; ... . '1
where l' is the angle helween the vectors r and " and (f, 8, tPl and If'. 8'. ,,' ) are
spherical coordinates of r and r ', respectively.
7.' A vertical receiving dipole antenna at P Is 15 km away from \I capacitor.plaut
antenna thai is abo placed vertica lly, 8uhown in Figure P7.8 The receivins antenna
mellSUres an E field equal 10 10 mV/m. What Is Ihe vahut of E tlutlllle same receiving
antenna will detect Ht a height 3 Icm ahovfl P? What must the orientation of the
rACflivinX dipole be to obtain a maximum reading? (A maximum readinx is obtained
if Ihe dipole is p3rallei1o Ihtl E field .)
--1
--
_- I
I
---- I
. __ --- I
- ---------H]=
.
7. 11 The power losl on a cylindrical conductor thllt is!).z lunx and that carries I amperes
ut current Is given by
P _ _ YIl t H,!).z
where P _ Is the loss due to finite conductivity of the wi rt!. It. is the surface
rftllililanct!l(iven by 1/ (od, 2TO). and d,ll! the skin dtlpth. The efficiency of the antenna
is given by
Power radiated
'I, - Power radiated + P_
AMumflthat a short antenna of length 0.7. hal an efficitlncy of ten percent. Is the
efficiency improved by increasing the ienXlh 10 2 0.% while maintaining the same
current and, if 110, by how much? Assume thai the anlfmna is still II short antenna
after ils lenxth is increased to 2
Antenn ...
2' following
18 Vf!Clor t\
'.8) can be
, 8', oil') are
lcifor-plale
ngsntenna
e receiving
tion of the
is obtained
I amperes
1e surface
Ie antenna
:ent ls the
the same
rt antenna
Problems
Power
fl ivifler r
PhillltJ
-I ,hifter r
90- [kIll)
223
y
,

7.tO. Consirier the IIntenna system consisting of two short dipole/! arranged perJ.l8ndicu-
larly to each other In space, aSllhown In Figure P7 .10. ThtlllC dipoles are driven by the
same amOllnt of IlOwer from a common source, Il owever. the current on Ihe
i:-uriented dipole has a 90
v
phase with rflSI>fK:t 10 thlll on the y-orientcd dipole
because of a phase shirtHt in the transmission line that leads to the former .
Find thtl total radiated electric field on Ihe 7. axis. Verify Ihll t Ihis IInlenno system
radiales a circularly polatizArl wllve ill t}u::! i direction. Is the wave lefthand or
right-hand cin;ulllrly polarized?
'.11. Find the expression of thl! total nuJilltoo electric field on the x axis that is due to the
antenna lI)'slem discussed in the preceding problem. What is its polarization on the x
axis?
7. t2. A certain application that II fitlld strength of 1 V 1m be maintained al a poinl
1 km from all antenna located In free space. What power be fed 10 Ihe IIntenua
if il is (a) an Isotropic antenna. (hi It !lhurt diJ.lOle. and (e) a half-wave dipole? Neglcct
ohmic loss. An Isotropic antenna radilltes an equal amOllnt of power in all
dirtlClions.
7. t3. The curtfmt atlhe ctmterof on antenna Is 100 A; what ill the E fieldl km away from il
on the horizontal [0 _ goQ) planA al 10 MHz ir the IIntenna is (a) a dipole with hi _
h, - 0.5 m, (hi a eapllcitor-plule antenna with uZ - 1 m. and IcJ a half-wavfI clipole?
7.14. Show that if the radialion fil!ld pattern IIhown in Figure 7.4 for the infinitesimal
dlpoll! or the CHllltcitur-plate antenna Is plolted in )(-7. plane in linear scale Ihtl
vuttern is exactly formed by two circlfl.'l.
7.15. I,'jnrl the clirp.clivity of la) an isotropic antenna. lb) a C<lpaci tnr-plaIA antenna. and lei It
hilif-wovc dipole.
7. tS. Find thl! raciiuleu eltlt:lric field of a linear antenna IhM 1.'I:l m long - 3 ml and Ihilt
OJ.l8ratcs at 100 M Hz in ai r. Pl ot I!!! rarliation pallt!rll .
7.17. ( :nnslrler a uniform linesr array of two halfwave dlpolplI that are 1.5 wilvelenJojlhs
apart. The currents on Ihe&fllwo dipolesllrtl ill ",lUIlit'. Sketch Ihe radiation pattern in
the horl7.ontal [8 - 9O"llJlalle. Show clearly the number of lohel!;n this pattern. Also.
estimuttl the beam width of each of IhA major 10UeIi. The beam width is the angle
between Iwo rlirp.ctions in which the radiation intensity is one-half [ - 3 d B) the
maximum valutl of the beam
224 Chapter 7 AnienDII
7.18. "'Igure 7.21(bl shows the array factor of a array separated by 20}... Find
the beam width (ill terms of the ulIKh: between t\\'O adjacent nullA) of thill. array
fa ctor near 1ft- 90- and 0- 30
e

(a) Use the approximate furmula Kivell by (7 .49).
(bl Find the exact value starting from (7.45).
7. 11. Find the dircctivity of the two-wire transmission line shown in Figure 7. 27 with
rarli ation fiAlrlll. giwln by [7.42).
7. 20. Find the field pattern of a two-element array with d - )' / 4 and", - O. Sketch the field
paltern on the x-y plane.
7. 2t . Find the field pallem of a four-element array wllh d _ ,\/4 and 1/--0. Sketch the field
ptillern un the xy plane. (a) Use 17.37) to oblltinlhe field. ptiltern forlllulH. !:tnll fh) USII
the result obtained in the preceding problem and In Figure 7.16 ond the pattcm-
multipliclltion technique.
7. 22. Write a computer program to plot field pallerns of a len-element phased ilrray with
d - '\/4 I!OJ varyins phases.
7.23. A uniform linear array consists of 6 short dipoles. Tho spacing botwoon ad jacent
AhtmAntA ill. Al4, Itllllhnwn in f' iguffl 1'7.23.
la) What should the phase shift'" be. in order to point the maximum radiation in
the 41 90
0
(thai ill.:91 direction?
(b) Suppose that the Efield due to the first clement (the dipole at far left) is givcn
as follows:
1000 e-iit sin 8
,
Calculate I f.:.1 of the entire array at point AIO.lOOO,O}, point R{IOOO,O,O}, point
qo, - 1000.0), and point 1)( - 1000,0,01. separately. All positions arB given in
rectangular coordina tes in meters. Use the phase shift found in {a}.
Ie) Sketch Ihe field pl:ltlt!rn uf tht! Iltfl:lY in the xy plHIlt!.
Irll Skell:h the field pl:ltlern of the array intht! plane.
y
FJgure P7,23
,
8.1
Raleig
CHAPTER 7
,
-

f> r

5,,,Iul4'
''''Iel
,
,
Si.,(}J;",Jj



'-'>,6
- Jihl} 0
2li Ar"' 12 $",I}'.H$ T 8 U)$ 9 + S's; ... rj) II' I:J. S;"(-t'),,s(lStl)-t S C#S{-W) (os(.lstJ) + nit.(#I')- -0, QUf'
A,. Y'A - 17 Sl" (Jft',,(J + 8 ('stH!',.> - $65(> -/2. si" (-il)s; .. (4r)+ 8 Us{""o') $,"" US-) - - 8.0S"
Aj. iA /3uJe9 '2.0,{.-',,")-8J,;"(-6.') - 1:l.93
:. A. (-0,1845) + ;(-&Of'6) .. lJ,.93
f-F'
, F -1"" c 1 fI' _, ,','-" rll7" ,.n
: r,l-t.rr'tos1
,
1
- -, (. . .. AI' ) (', ' .. '
os & r. r. If. 1"', (OJ" + 'I S, ... 'SI< .,. ... Z (osi' x oS8 us.,.
+ y f DtS' )
- + S",O " .. /J' +us8 ells8 I
- Sf;"" S; ... 8' (ust! un"';' s,;' I
:=
- - 1
1
;,,81
for -Ih 7 4O"r S'"(}fJ *lgf=A-;:-
At P. r _,sooo """" {}.90
o
J Iffl.= /0 ""'VI", -+ Jox,o'.A A, ISO
, - f ,,;oSI
:. (r.9J IS'() r
At P. =15297/".,
. f -f I Slor"',">J')1
, .. ISO I >'h.1 - q,'z. ""Vi ......
II I,.K""'W.""", r('A."U"'J is obl-..J.,."J.. whv.... o/.i.p"Jt-
m-AtJ. 113,0 f.-.D ..... l/,rt'Ld
II P,.J.-(41l'; Po""'-)
-1(.
4nd. o{= flM, 0
I
.
I!
t1i }"'J .... 4J, f'....</(P ..... +p_) ....... , Pr-L
a.t 1"'!J1I.. 2d), 1 .. - 4P..J./( 4.Prd + 1 8f>,..,L) - IT - ,g. 2 r.
Z!!. #0< i.-.";, dMe k ; dirw<A. 401.. l, jl.1;Y1/ (;C,' e';"i, - 'jI,)
"". k j( "",,,JeA. dJf .t.. E.- e'j}('j)(';)
E - - ;S1U,.V
e
'jij (0. c)
_ -_, ,",. J1.-,
Since ti1 '" -I q. =- 90
0
J :.t 1.5 bji. -/-,a"J.. pol..,iJuL .
25
o D. O," 0.17 0. 1f Ofl O. S'9 0.89 0.97
)
.r-o---+- .
ti ". !> A; ,.,<. ",.n .. 3 Tr J 8r '0, J "-';
CO.(S,;';)/
= I .t <0' <1 41.S" -J"C- ,ob; (%_.)->
I F(I#>/ 0.708
26
/.00
7.18 C"J
d. J
J--
LI = '" 3. 1'to
ceslO
Fld,; 'fo')= .l/c...'(20rr$i.9)!
At Ii: 3
0
', FU.',f"): )1 =.J. I ..... :_._)
)t.w.ti Mev 9= Jo 6t.cr..t.rs oItt 0
2." = 10 . STf B, = 31 HF2'
J.. n>I.O.=
A" gl- g. = 3. )011'
, f -. If 2. . Z .!L )
7,1'1 (I>"'Tfe 1 ==
D(8. tI) = ) (4,rtrl)/ Pf" C '""r' si,,'; CD"( ;-CDS@)X4-"r1./( (kbr.lJ
= 4- S;",lt/J ""l{fC05')

1'.20 Ji.a.<eo/z. j e-qO()J j IJ;Z; Ifz-o
/f()/ = / 'o>(f ,;" </ /
4' O SlO 120 t30 t40 ts"o t,O 170 teo HO
/F(,jo) / I 0.99 aft. D. ft 0.86 0.18 0.12 0 .71
,
,bl
'{.71 -),I..,., luL-rr/z; ",-'0
I
M,f)/ = I ',"IO( ) I H'/-)
S'" 1) s .... (us".p;., +D.f

28
x
7.n (t:.) 'l} = - vi", .
lb )
8 '"
.. t A.
.t G.
.t ( ,

1>,
Iu e-j-ll,r' J:.' s .. n[1:
rr
($j.PJ .... ,-IJ]
r $; .. [-iY (a:1l tJ ""'1_1))
f= (I . "I r. /"', /E,' "" "l'"
At:: 0 y,: ,_00
'f #
I-"/', '(', , ... ,
f=-7f, t"t:./DD'I
/[!. ,= f. "-"r IY ...
IF. (= 0
'.'nlJ
(c) 9 = 11/>-
/
s,'n[tw("'I-I)J /
$ [ 1"(
I J ,. j"' 7 If ...
'L
(,P 0
r
(i / ...... 8/
/ .
29
Problems
252 8 'lbpi1 in Waves
Figure 8.17 shows 0 typical arrangement of H liquid-crystAl display.* II
is operated in the so'(;HIlHd "dislortion-of-aligncd-phases" or DAP muue.
Figure 8.1701 shows the normal stal e ur Ilut crystal before activation. The light
enlf'ring the crystal is polarized and then Irllnsmi llHd through the crystal
with no aitentlilill in polarization. The second polaroid absorhs Hlllh61ighl,
and no light IS In its activated Siale, the crystal changes the
polarization of the transmitted light . which propagates through the second
p(lt.lruitl and becomes visible.
8.1 The d!rivalion of 18.5) only considers the electric field Why is Ihe magnetic fielti
nf'gif!f:IP.d? Hint: Cum pare the magnitude of R, wilh I!H, nt!lll' Ihlt !:Ipllt!n:, or the
stort,.'<i c!ectricenergy density 1 E 11 with tin: stored magneticenergy dens!!}'

8.2 is the rising or setting sun rl!rI ?
8.3 The smuke emiUoo from engines of boa's cnnlain .. fine purticles. Against a dark
bilckground 'he smnkt;! Innh bill!! Imt lI)juinsl a bright oor.kground it looks yellow
\Vhy?
8." Explain the :lpPp:lranr.A of shuTts of sunlight through bre:tksin a clOlldr.nvAreri sky.
8.5 Shuw that
I,-f' erdx_.;i
I-IInt:
I; - f ' e' dx . f ' e '" dy
Then. transform x.y r.oordinates inlo cylindrit,;al (:oordin,lles 10 perform the exact
mtAgr.tllull .
e.e Show that
I, -f. AXPi _p'.'( i+ q.'(IJ.'(- ;ex{4:')
Hint:
pl,r ... qx ... _ px _ - +_.
(
QJ' Q'
2p 4p-
ThUll. uS(: the result obtained in prohlem 8.5 after IrHllsforllling the inlegrillion
varlahlp. from x In px - tj/2p.
8.7 Assume that on earth a microwavl! Imam of 10 GHz is rudiuleu by a 20meter
diamPll!r rlisk antenna uillltlu til the moon Estimate the size of Ihe microwave heam
on tht: moon
OSee R W Curlier ,lilt! C. Mare. "I.iqulo CoI"\",,,1 Oispla)'s, . IU::t; Spectrum. Nu\'emt.t:r
1972. p. 25.
p,

/
//
1.1 A
" d,
"
I.'
0
h.
r.
Ih
d
"
8 . 10 A
'I
'I
: . in Waveli
lisplay. * It
AP mrxlB.
!. The light
he crystal
Ithe light.
langes the
he second
wnetic field
erc. or Ihe
rgy density
insl a dark
lkll Yl! lI ow.
'\ered sky.
1 the exact
ntcgration
10-meler-
.iI\f! hPam
Problems
253
a.a J\ [)f!rson leaving his home by train mails a leiter home every utl y. Suppose thaI the
troin lrovt:ls ZOO miles per day and thai mall moves at a speed of ZOO mile' per
day. Ilow frequently do his leit ers arrive home? Try 10 solvA thill rmh1em by simple
relilJOning. nol by substituting numhers;n some formul a
a .g On II foggyday.lhe driver of an automobile SIOPpt:J al a rtlilwll Y hecause he
heard u whillt le from II moving train. 'rhe sound of Ihe whistl e came from hi' lelt. A
few seconds/aler he heard Ihe ceho. ond Ihe lJilch of the fiNllllollnd was lower Ihan
Ihut of the echo. AlISlImA Ihat thA echo was due 10 rencetion from 0 neurl,y mountain
close 10 Ihe track. If you were the driver. wuuld ynu r. rf)llll the track- that Is. could you
tAli whAlhAf the Irain was approaching Of leaving you? (See Fi)(Uft! PH.9.1
8.10 A Dopp/er radar sends a signolot 8.800 GHz. Hnu IhA TACAi vAr displays a frequency
lIptlctnlm of fAlurnM as shown in Figure P8.l0. Whot ClUJ you 9Ily aboutlhe
speed of the ItlTKeqsj?
AmflHturi e of rhe rclurn ... .,J sil'nuJ
10kHz 15 kHz
-
bkHJ.
,"!9ur. "'.10
8.800 r. Hz requen
254
Randomly
l'g"1
Au.or l'lIon
n.
I
poolatiW I


.. i,wr. ".15
8
Passing

Topi c. i n WIlVH
,
Cfobserverl
B.1 t Fur th.: FM-C\\' 1lopplf>r rilJltf discussed In Sectinn 84. assulIlt: Ihat f .. the upper
frequf'nr.y of Ihe l'IuJnr. is 8.8 Glb'! Suppose the f dunr is to measure targp.1 speeds
rftn)(lUlI: from 0 to 3 "-lar.1I and from I km In 10 km. Fmu the system's
opproximalf> frfl11uenq hdnuwidth and ,hAlimp. inltH'VlI1 the system must be ahle 10
rf'lIOlvp..
8. 12 If d _ >.s/4. all shuwn ill Figure 8 16a, ann if rAflecli ulIs III z - 0 ann z - tI
art! ne,llli,!!iblc. linearly rnlarized WilVC incident from IhA left will become II
circularly polarizHd \\ilVl:. as discussed in IhA Il!xl. Whal is the polarization of the
pxitm.!l WIIVC if the <It Ihf'S6 interfaces arc nol negligihll!?
8 . 13 If d _ X,./2 as sho\\11 III FiKUfe e 103, whlll IXllaril.lltion of the exi ting wllve if the
lIlcid ent ""ave from the cin:ulHrly pol.ulzcd"
8. 14 For II quartz cry,tll\' t. _ 2 11 t, IIno. ;!.JIk .. Find thc minimum Ihlc.kne.\l.ll uf a
(IUllrll. 4uiHlcrwave plall! for a h,llht having>. - 6500 A,
8. 15 In !llgnff> Pe.1S Ihl:! Polaroid film III A oriented ltut; h Ihat il passes lighl rm1arizal In
the x llirL'clion and li,llhl IJOJilrizcd in 5' dlrp.(:l\on The film al B passes
r-pol arb:f'i(! light Hnd .. 1)Surbs x-pobri7RfI A nllldurn l) polarized light 8Oun:e.
silch as a n.:lshlighl. hgh! from tilt: lefl illong z Clln an observer HI C sec Ihe
lighl? Explain
8. 18 Cunsidcr Ihe arrangempn! in Figure pe 16 Thi'l figurl! dLffel'S from Figure
P8.15 only in the 11Iat;t:Ulcnt of;) Ihlrd PolMoid IiIIII at D bclwCC!IJ .... and B. The
IIxisof thc IhirO film l.!1 frum ei thcr Ihe If or Ihl! r aXL9, Nu\\, can Ihc
ubserver al c.: AAH rhl' Ii,llhl? (If do not h(1l1l!vf> in yuur alls\\'cr. do an experiment
with thrfle '1<111".::1 uf polarized slingl a!l.M'!9l1ud stte for roursclfl


, '
, ,
, ,
, ,
,
<":Iobservcrl
9.1
Ele

CHAPTER 8
r () .J. I A.Vi.O /" I ", .. 8 Ir,l_
rrDnY S.'. r:::; AI I kr"" r' I
:. 1/&/1 _ r I U. _ 41lil' _j tH,' >'" I
I!I u. flol' - T
Si .. ,e. Jv:.,J... .Ii.,J..t t M",-e.) ,"Ifers .. r"l'1j e/.-.
j,;9"t (r04.l.
'Nil,1\; bAd;,N'u.."d,.. is dArk, GMt.. ",,',4t; " e'c .rht"lte. pa.rt4.du.
t.. L.;,,(t" $&A.1fl, U sfr."",b:J ""'tIIa.". rU
Ajo.U, 5 t a. br,;gJ.t b-.d:. 31'O""M c;v.Ic.. 'res ti.!J't P4lS$I',,-, +/ot'Ou'jt. -lite. ..
.,.". hi LjA.< 5.t. ,c.J..-..;. ""'"- rd ....,( J:,IJ ..... /6.,. , ....
.. of AJJu- t:V'Id.. d"st Inc/LCAA./u
(-r- f.-r' t' [-' I -
1;1.,. ) ... L. e- d.t:ti# -= (I '0 e - ftlPJ..; - 211 0 pe-
f
d.f ... Z,7T'
Z
f, l-Yd.t:: c 7T
, /'
Z If- -u' "'" 7P
_e7?, . e ..t1J..pe
.', c: WZ/Zf := IOK3.B'I4JoBjf.0I'1 ..... /0 .. J . GoJ K _ .J /J 3 RI11
M e.vv1
6,'
9 . 10
-
-
.f, - f .of
fl.- f +a.t.f
I I I I I I I I I I
I, 1.-.. 1 ...... " ("HE -St,,_, ... "
- frt/wf1CY II' ..... c.
ZDOIf IO"or lorI'S
8 . .,1C./0'" Z
'4-1
30
9. 11 A/of, (2ujC) _ 8.8J(ID'lIlJ< q93 _I ' JI,
3"ID' $""" J
Z"/C - " . 7,Na
,", ... "J.... 59 r..,." r"'ot....t.'_ l,flr! - . 7,kS .
L!!.. llt'pt,'c-.({, f"t'L.r .. ;<Ul MUle
....
hu.t cppoJde. ....I. .
% o/'l. *-= ' .' ,soo A-
L- i&- i &;y,;:o(ff.-IT) - ;;(;./1'). 4([iir-/i'fi)
!! NO .
8." ye's .
T
31
288 9 F. lflCtmll talic Fieldi
Problems
e . t Considt:r tht: dipole arrangement shown in FiHUI'C !I2a Ull Q _ 1.6 X 10-
19
C. find 4>
at:
(a' x - O.l .y- O.l .Z-01
(b) x_l , y _ l,z _ l
the exact ronnula 19_ 14) first . TIltm use Ihe approximate formula and find
the accuracy of the laller. The medium is air.
' .2 Thret: point charges are lor.ated 011 tht: x axis with q, - q al ,,< - 0, 4, _ 2Q at x _ 1. and
q, _ 3q 1'11)( - 2. Find the positionls) on rhl! x axis wlltm: 4> is equal to zero.
11.3 Four point charges are located on Iht: corners of a reclanglf!, fill shown in Figure P9.3
Find Ihe on which the potential is eqnal to ztlro. Skt:lch these planes
y
201 "I
q ---tlin
I"'e"r. PI,I
I 'm
I
- Q
y
"
>

, q
- 2q
' .4 Two ('IOint CltHr'MtlS arc scparated by 0 meteNl III air. as shown in Figme P9.4.
( a) "'ind the poltmlial funclion <l>(x, y. zl.
( b) Calculate 4> at x _ 1000. Y _ lOOa. Z _ 0
(c) Show Ihat, for distances much gre"lpr IhlUl U Imay from these charges, the
potential is approximately given by
- q 1
. -- ;-;,---;'---"",",
01 .. Ix' + 'I +
whAfAlx! + y' + ZI)11I o. UM Ihill approximate formula to r.alr:tltll le <l>1]()O<l, 1000.
OJ. and compare it with the n:9ult obtained in I h I.
e.s Find thA E field ill air due to .. point chArgA of to'q .. (q. - 1.6 x 10 I. q . Sketch a
diuHrHIIl similar to Figure 9.4.
t .1 For Iher.harge distribution given in Prohlem 9.2. cah.:ulate at (a) x - - 1.th) x - 0.5.
Ic) x _ 2.5. and (d) x - 3.
1.7 Apply,.; - - V<I> to 19.14) to find the": fiflkl\O(:aleJ ulthe origin and produced hy two
chuf)lfls + q and q locatAd allO. 0.11) ElIld (0. o. h). respectively. 1I1IlihoWll in Figure
9.23. where h - 1 Clll. Show that E _ !tq/2 ..
e . B Solve Ute same prohlf!ffi all in 9.7. Lut usc (9.19c).
e.1 SkAlch the dirt:Ction of the fo: fialrllocaled ul tile center of a square shoVl.'Il in Figure
P'J.9. The E field 18 producetl by four charges al four comerll uf the square Ot\BC.
Ihe56 four charges corry q, q. q. anrl {j coulombs. respectively,
Field.
. Find 4>
:es. the
1. 100o,
ketch II.
JC _ 0.5,
bytwu
Figure
Figure
OARC.
Problem!!
y
Q
I
2h
C 8
I-
-----. -q
, ,/1
, / I
'x/ I
/' I
// ',I
-Q
A
2h---l
287
,..,.".. H .

g.10 A line chnrgc 2h mllter.!! long ill located along tnc 2: axis II.lI:ihuwn in Figure 9.6a. The
chargA ctAnsity is p, coulombs pllr meter.
(a) Calculate thl! electri c fif!lct at p - O.lh, 4J - 0, and z _ 0 Wling thA exacf formula
IY,21).
(b) Calculate fhe ell!ctri(.: fillld ol lhf! IIRme point using fhe 8:iSUllllJliun thilt the li ne is
infinilAly Inng.
(c) Find Ihe I}f!rr.f!nfagc error of the value outllined in /bl r.ompa red wilh thl! I!Xl:lct
value
. 11 "or the same line-chaf)!1! dll.!ICribed in Vrohlem 910,
(e) Cakulatl! the elf!r.lrir. field al p - 20h, tP _ O,:t _ 0 U.!!1Og thf! Axact formula
fb) 1>0 the same usinlil thl! assumption Ihat lhe line is a point chaf}(e I:Itlhf! origin.
(c) Find the pAN:f!nlage error of va lue obtil inet.l in /b}.
g.12 A plan(' charlile of p. coulomb:. SflIJaM mPler 15 located on Ihe )( _ 0 planA, and
another plilne of - p. coulombs per SQuare mt:lter I.!! localAri on Ihe )( _ 1 plane. Find
the lotal electric-field in the Mgion Ill) x '". I. /b) 1 JC :.. O. ond I(.:I}( ..: 0
'.13 COllsidt:lr the pmhlpm discussed in Example 9.11. Axsumlng thai everything is the
same except for the far.:1 Ihl:lt the tnlal charge on the conductinH .!!hllllls nnw equal to
l.ero. r:alr.ulalp. Yo everywhere. and skl!tdl E, Vef"5I1A r Aimllar to the sketch shown in
Figure !U5.
g.14 A dlill")(e dislrihllfinn of the following form is set III) in Illr coordinates):
( a) Fill! Ihp D fiAld forO < r< 0
fb) Find O foru, ,.' U.
(c) Finri J) forb < r
8.15 A charge distributiun uf the followIng fnrm SPI up in air
p, 1U ' . e per cubic meter
IJ!p Gil 11M' law 10 find the field cvel)wherl!. Hint: Tn finrl thA Intal charge in a
Gaussian :.urfilce. you mllst rln thp integration becau$C Ihe charge is not unifonnly
Ilowever. symmetry still exists \\ Ilh rf!lI(lfM:t In and 1/
'.11 Electric chargl!:' aredistnLuled IInHonnl), in the region 0.1 .... JC <. +0 1 with density
fl. 10' :/m' Elsewhere. Ihe density is zero. FlRrilhA "; field everywhere.
2BB 9 Electrostatic Field,
Plot E, \tArtlUS)t, Find the potential di fference V. V. for iI point x with fp.specllo
the origin.
1. 17 Fmd the [)(llp.nlia! rliffp.rp.nce V ... - V. for two points A and B IOClitOO 81 r _ 0 and
r _ 1 in the E field obtainoo in Problem 9.1S.
1. 18 Tilt! solution for the electric fielrl of an oscillaling Hcrttion dipole with anxular
frequency w is given in 17.14) a&"follows:
E - I + ,Isinsl
V 7 <llI'f I ftT f /I\fl /f{f IIl1t)
Derive the sol ution (9.20) for a Siali c by !JtIUin!l W - O. Nnlir:elhal k _ wf,utl
,n
lind 1 - npliH - , ... p.
,UI In the electric field E - 3x + 4y - 5i. find V" - V. if A islocatAl'l aliI. 1,2) and B isa!
til l! the difference depend on the p3th of !he integration?
9.20 (:onsider the spherical-shell problem shown in Fixure 9.1 4. Find thfl pntenlial <t>( r) at
(") r t:: (hI h .:; r < c; (r.) b :> r :> 0, lind (d) r - o. Assume '" - 0 at infinity. Plot .pfrl
versus r,
21 Rcpt!" t the preceding problem for thl! r.Ase In which the total charge on the
conducti ng shell is equal to zero whill;l all otil!;!r cuntiili unll remain unchanged. You
may v.ant to use the re.'Iul! ohtained in Problem 9, 13
22 Consider the coaxial line shown in figure P9.22. The inner conductor is a solid
conrluctl ng cylinder with a radius equalla U.l m. The outer conductor has an in-
ner nuJiulI equal to 0.4 m and an ouler radius equal to 0.5 III. Tht! morlium bet"''fIen
the Inner and the outer conductor is air. The inner conductor carries a net charge
of - 3f
o
CJm Rnnlhe outer conductor carries ollet charj(e of - 1S1
0
CJrn. The sym
bol to used hero represt:uts 8 constant Aquai 10 8.854)( 10-
1l
.
(II) Pinn E. In Ihe region 0.1 m < p < 0.4 III.
(bl Find in the reMian 0.4 m < p < 0.5 m.
Ic) lo'ind E .. in the rcgionp > U.5 III.
(ti l Fil1ti at p - 0.2 m, knowi ng that'" _ 0 at p - 1 III.
(e) Skotch , 05 function uf p foro <p< I m. Mark thesca!e ror E, ondp.
Ftgur. P.i . 22
"OItath:: Fields
\lith n:spect 10
:falr-Oand
with angular
I, Zland B ill at
)Iential '11 rJ at
inity Plot o$(r)
harge on the
changed. You
:tor is 8 solid
tor has an In
hum between
; a net chargc
1m. The lIym
I p.
Problems 289
'.23 Modellhe dome of II Van tit: Grllarf )ltmerator as a conducting sphere. The dome is
charged to hold the maximum amount of electric charge Q", before the ai r SUt
rounding the dome breaks down. Ulle the following data:
radius or the dome - 0.11 m,
breakdown E of air _ 3 II 10' VIm.
(8) Calculate the maximum Q", accumulated on the dome just before the break-
down.
(h) Calculll t" th" of til" dome in reference to the potential at infinity just
before breakdown occurs.
rcl When the dum" is c1l1irjoloo with the U1uxiUluUl charge Q",. a person uses a con-
duc ting rod to discharge the electricity. Assume that the discharge takes 0.01
seconds to complete, how IllronglllthA dlAChatging current Inn thl! avtlrage)?
CHAPTeR q
J.:.L (a.) It AI, 0.1) J.1."";:"iTltlq4 {[(w!.(#.,I+taDfj jr_
u
".,)'+(o.l)T(D.II)'r
l
)
,-"
., --t--"1
1
- ,
I I
- '.L
-i--'- .
- ,
!

'J -I. s- ... ,l-iL
1 ---+-":--x
i - r ,
v. f ( o., PIX. .11 < .t. [cx"Y'+ J'j(Z[C<'A)" ,'. J'r
t
J
(h) f<, ... ,/O<JA,.)' k [[(I_>'+(IO<JIl/'J+-z[c
q
q",+{'O<J4.)'Ji 1 -4;;1 ..
('J S;'_<<. (xJ."1'J
1
)Yz.)I>A,. I ((KPA.)1+
1
1+ J'JYa_(1:' .. I
F.- ("), if(x. , . J) - -Jr f (x'.,'+ J ']'C z[."+1 'Jf} --:JrrX'+"+l')-r
f(10c:>A1,CCA./O}- -4;I2.(II.CO'T01)
i1. 'E- XV("il.,4-.4- 0" 0:1= I,m
.- 0'," F r . ..
r
32
(ij
-1.434
,
o 8
I -------"-1
. , '
. "

, ,
, ,
, "
o . ':.. ' ___ '",'"A,-_
I -I
/1,10 (41) f. Dol cJ.
o
c 1.,,"( 84.S-
e- p'" '" S ' , ...... ). f PL (f,.')
....
(h) F'",.. ;,,h,...I.ly UIlJ 1.4",,, J ir/ll.ili) - P (10)
Ewor = c o. S'D'
P-w. , ...
(.) g- p I:/,.{:,Ol,) 5,;'(1.8'-)- f40!\J1 (tJ.o.I99)
(
bl po;"t cll .. ,..a .... , ii ..
11
_ fL(o oS)
'" -r r f,"" { !OII)I r "4iii1I .
(C) .,,.,. .. ":'!;::fff)t/Ot'% 0.% r-
(a.) itO /0,.
(h, E" 2 ({f-! : -;({) D<Jr< (
(C) .f.r- a"'<o
=Ol'orr<o..
- - I
Eaf7iilfJ 4frcb
E f-r bfr<c
E-f 4n-i
r
c ,., r-."
\
,
9.1" to,
,', p)CKfvx 4> J """are (v,O"
')()tJ.1
1
'trA
t
(D.)f
v
'1T1i1.(D.l)
... 'tI,.. 0 . / Pv .., E: -f;(tJ,/) f.,.a,D4
"<-D,' , lnh'(-o.> - p.
-/I
... ,

':/;
,'. .. D.' p., .. i ... 9';; ,.J,ut f" -1<"
'v
/O
I
33

.,
.0.1 J, /
-
- - ~ T - ~ ~ ~ - - - - 1
!/ ...
oj
'/.17
4Uicr)
0
0
---+-_0
I :
o 0
,

..

<
r
~ ~ - - f - - + - - - - - r
34
35
Problems
332
10 .. :lItc:l ri c Furee and Enerl)"
This electrostatic adhesive surface is widely used in desk-top calcu-
lator-driven curve tracers. A typical voltage used to charge the embedded
conductors is 300 volts. and typit:1I1 spacings between them are approxi
rrmtely 2 mm "
10. 1 A point charge of 4 cuulombs is located at the uri)Cin (0.0,01, ami (I. !lecaml point
cha rSA of lJ' cuulombs Is at II , 0, OJ. A test-charge il placed at 13. O. 0). and it is
ruumJ 11'101 the 101111 force 011 Ihtl test charge ill .:era. Find Q' in IfOrms of (j.
10. 2 Two irienticill small balls are altllcht:d 10 weightless IIITin!!!! 15 em long. Each hall
carries 10 C of c.harge, lind cach has a ma.'IS of I )! The), achieve an Aquilibrium
state lIndp.r the influence of electrostatic force and gravilalinnai fun;t:. as shown In
Figure PlO.2. Find the angle cr. Hint: n is small
10.3 Consider a long \intlcharge with fI1 - C/m. Find thl! fon:tl acting on 11 dust
parllde carrying 10' C, I m away from the liM CharM!!.
10.4 A line charge wUh p, _ 10 6 C/m isl(lf:aled in tlil" ot )( - 1, Y - 0 A plane charge with
P .. 10 e l m is located al x - O. A positive point chArge of 10 I C is at (1{z, 0, 0) in
rt!chUlMulaf coordinates. WI,al is the ' olal force actinM on .his point charge?
10,5 Cha'"8e is uniformlydilii,ributed in the spherical volume r.$ 0 with - 2 x to 'C/m'
andp. - 0 u.
tal Gauss law 10 find E for r .:. n
(b) Find Ihe fon;tl acting on .1 churgtl uf 10 I. C al r - 11/7..
(e) Is the force ob'aiMd in [hila be changed if 'he dntrgc distribution extendslu r-
20 instead of heinM limited to r o?
10.1 In a .'IPOO sorting machlnp-, undesirable seens IIftl deposited with an tlh:ctrostalie
r.hargt! while they p<I!IS lUi automatir. r.olur-!ltlnsitive or sizf!-sensiti ve monitor The
good seeds art! passed unchal)!t:d. All seeds arf! druvpcd belween a high-voltage
pardlltll-plate reginn 10 surt out the undtlsirable seeds. Lei Iht! charge on lhe
btl q. its ma.1\S be Ill. the voltage Mtwetlll Ihe parallel plates be V.
anrlthe plate separatinn bt: d Assume Ihal the !M!t!ds enler the [Iaralltl\-plate region
at vdocity v,. and finu the dlsplacpment y of the bad "S8 function of x. Figure
P10 6 this situation. Consider on Iy tnllt!(;IO!), inside thf! paralld-plate
'P. Lorram 1111(.1 0 R r.OT!IOn. E:1t.-cltomogM.tism ISan FnlllcitOO W. II. Freeman lind Co.
1!171!11. P 189
I
calcu-
hedded
pproxl-
j tu r-
oslati c
r The
oltll.lje
10 the
be V,
region
Figure
plille.
,
Problems
333
VlvQhsl
""
5
[milllsecondsl
At room temperature f:lU"CI and standllrd Atmosphere, whfll should be the S17.e of the
cnrona wire if b - 3 cm. Vo - 10 kV. and the fOughM" factur uf the wire is equal to
0.8? (RefAr to Figure lOA..I
What should the loweS! vollage on A Van de Grad! generator be in order to htiVA It
product! corona on its surface? Assume that ,.;< _ 4 x 10" V 1m and Ihlll the radius of
thA melal sphere ill equal to O.H m.
Refer 10 Figure 10.1. If Ihe voltag9 applied to the parallel plall!llsihe sawtooth signal
IIhnwn in figure Plo.g. find the loclls of tht! electron on fluorescent !K:reen
located at x - 20cm.
for the cathode-roy luhe shown in f igure to.8. whlllllhnuid Ihe voltagM V, be
in order 10 make the electron beam trace 11 circular palh on the x:reen at 60
TflVnlulions per second? AssulOt! Ihat the vcl1icll iand the horizontal deflection plates
are identic.a!.
Aleclron is IIcceleraTed by a difference In potential of 1 kV between Ihe anode
and Ihe r.alhode. It enlers the pnrallel -plate region with Ihls kinetic energy. Its
velocity makes a 5" angle wilh thA plane of thtl fllu-allel plate lit thA entrance end, as
shown in Figure P10.11.
(a) Find V,. v .. ' und v"" al I _ O.
(b) OLtain Iwo equati uns for the coordinatAII of Ihe eltlCtron (II. z) as [unclions of I.
NOlc thut x - Oand z _ 0111 1_ O.
(e) find the posil ion of the electron lit the exi l end uf IhM parallel jJllltA.
- 3cm_1
100 V
10m __ --,.,,.-_ >
1 -1.0' ,

m._gll x 10 " kll
q.- 1.60xl0 " e
...... r. "10.11
334
10
Elect r ic force Bnti Energy
10. 12 Conyider the ink-jel printer shown in FigurA to.l0. Define
_ c:hargt! on the ink drop
/lid - mass of the drop
V. _ deflection-plate voltage
d - deflt:CIion-plale spacinH
_ velocity of the ink drop al entry 10 the deflection plaIA
9dp - deflection-plale length
_ distance from the deflection-platA Antry 10 the print plant!
Show Ihl:lllile vertical dillpla!:flmeni of the Ink rlrop is Kiven by
'. - --'-I "p - - t1dp
V. Rdp [ ')
mdUVoj 2
10. 1' Find the capacitance orlhe IIpherical capacitor 8hown in Figure 10.13 by HllinH (10.42J
and (lO.50). Start from
Q
___ , ' for b > r > o
4 ... u
and show that your rellull agrees with (10 47).
10. 14 Find the cllp8citance of thA cylindrical capilc!lor shuwn in Figure 10.14 by using
(lO.42) and (10.50). Shnl from
for h :;:.p> u
2lffP
and show thai your result agre4!S wit h (10.49).
10. 15 Consider the parallel.plote capacl10r shown in Figure 10.12. What is the maximum
capacitance can obtain by Ilsingmica as the Insulalor1 the area of the plate be
10 em' and the voltage rating of the capacitor be 2 kV, with 0 safety factor of 10 Use
Table 10.1 for the value of ( for mica.
10. 10 Consider the cylindrical capacitor shown in figure 10.14. What is the maximum
capacitance one can obta in by lIsingoil es the insulator? 0 - 1 cm, h - 2 cm and
the volta)!!! rating _ 2 kV, with a safety factornf 5. UlW Table 10. 1 for the value of t for
oil.
10, 17 A pmallelplale capacitor Is filled with two dielectric: mB!t:!riais In a configurBtion
shown in figure PIO.17. The lulal area ofthA plBte is A (a) Find the cBpacitance Gin
lerms of A. d, f" Bnd (I ' (bl Suppose Ihal the poslllvA plale carries Q coulombs of
charge. and find QI and Q1 in lerms of Q, whArA QI and Q, are charges un the left
and on the right.hand sides of the plate. respectively. Neglect fringing fields.
10. 18 Consider the capacitor shown in Figure PIO.17. Letl , - 3 . (, - 5fp. d - 0.6 mm. and
A _ 20 cml. The potential between thA is 300 V. Find the 10lal slored eleclric
energy In Ihis capacitor.
t{( E:Fn
w12
wlZ 1
fora: Bnd Enerxy
13 hy using r 10.42J
ra HlI4 hy using
is the maximum
"ea of the plate be
factor of 10. Use
15 the maximum
cm,h-2cmand
. the value of f for
1 II configuration
C in
s Q coulombs of
uges on the left-
ing fields
d - 0.6 mm. and
.:II stored electric
Problems
335
10.1' Find the capacitanr::e per unil length of Ii c.;ultxla] capacitor with two layers of
insulating materials. asshuwn in FigllTe 10 15c. ExpressCIl1 in tennsof n. h. c. ',. and
'"
10.20 Find the capacitance C of a parallel-plale capacitor witla two lavers of insulating
materials. al'! in Figure P10.20. Expre.u C In tt>rms of .A {the orea of the plalel,
d,. dz. 'I' and ( J.
10.21 Refer 10 the capacitor shown in Figure PlO.:W. Let (, - 3fo, f , _ 5(0' d, _ 0.3 mm. d
l
_
0.3 mm. anu A - 20 r::m
z
. The vohage across the capacitor is 300 V. Finrlthe total
stored eltXtric energy in this clll-lticHur.
10.22 Derive {lO.tI:ll.
10.23 A pltrallelplate capacitor ctll"l' ics ... Q un onR plaIA lind - Q on the other plate. The
orca of ellch plale is 1\ and the separation between the platfll'l is S. The medium is
air.
(0) Finu the tolal stnred energy UII; In this capaci tur ill lerms nfQ, 1\, Sand (0.
(b) What is the c1cctrosllltic fUTCe acting nn the platos? Is it attructive or repulsive'
Hint: finn the change in VB with fCSpt!t;1 tu S.
OI"PrEll. /0
If).! ,-11--.,,:--'-"-"-
, "/
1--,
(C) S'h(4! -tJ.c. .'"Du.,,", -/ 4."J.$ i. 'tAL r ...... _0$ c.<.t l"- (Ill
l,..;I L "ifo). v.. tljtD) .. O; %(11).1(d)-0
.",",; .. "." .. ViIt)-5t+V. .. X(1.)- -ft1 .. v.+ ... t .... ... t ..p ... jii.1f
"iJ v d" IV 1. ft 'f l'
"" ... -0 /v," .. zs-"-
.!!!::!. For- a < r< b
To (!o'''''AJ Er-- F, (S + J wJ..er.
I()" I " (U' 'l IifSI )
" j., (#41/_) 4L J_ ,I) "0. hc '1i'J + 3 11.10 1fJ"J'""Z
.. J+ 8$$ . ''<0.) +244.'" ( .. (Ii)' 7.'''(1&.0 a.) cO
A _ ().I' ""'''"
ID. ,
To protUl. uro,..... on ot.e r.A
f to Ec - +"'0 ty..., ...
,', z -D. ,S --3./4--
1 ..... rc.!""'r",,
,
V AE,_O.'. .. .t. MID" V
)
. ,.) .. J1.: .... ,.(1o.)t-Ctl.'-)_ Z.#f9'-
,., 2,.. ... ,.,"Utt
" T4-t. bCAlt. II" ,,,,.,,,. 40 I*'t ..".
oUt J .1"'10 .fi-

.. Mu II-y -II,..,. (-t.-::;: llVd's) -11--+---1-
';0 v..c. po.r..llc./ 'CA.; jMYJ1>14,..
s"L"f..L J,J ...r..t..:c
36
"
I
"
rl VO VI -v. S/;..""t oMUt x- -/!,VZ" t/_ 4 c'OJwt
g c: it,'': bfJ. ..f.,..".. ... ciru.J.,..,. PA.M -IJ.a MJht.rc.. -t. i.
tJ,.,.L iltL .Ju/.rw. ,;... l4t'uht-. pJA. d,.,., - {AJ-llr.-.6t>-ll(.
( I1J ..J..".,.v;'.,.V .. ,,_/zv. '/1./.'-11.1""..,0
, '"f , . 111110-11 lor ...
- 11; _ ".'1'$ '-.1.9;7"'0" Itt/I
tr4J"' - tJ;, 5/;" 5. -1.&'741C10. $J;" S. -I. l' ",/0' "/,J
(b) IV",;
d"c,,) 'I.E, . f F. leF. ,
dt ,!."t ... v,.M .. v.
II
-t
./..Il.(t-J Jll'1)
lYle 7r _0 ... 11;2. ., 7t ..... 2tt)-
) ;' /(1-1',,(-10) ... , " 8 . ' .
-. X{-t c -1."!n(lO of -'. """",,.. 0-11.
i! ("-) .,. 8. 71C10"-t
37
10.16 Frc,." 1A-b1l. II.Si"S f.,d.,. r, E-. ,,,It'. I",. "d
In -#!e J E ;'"dt/. uvywJ.arc. ,.,IJ t b, rh...,. E -.-:'
(d).ZS),j e,. -Is-; VII, s-lrtl/t'uc E /:cJJ... i, .z (_A.
. E-- V J.......... (.) ... V i 1.1(11) I
... .. ""'C't-.S -. -r A V" 7' AZ- - ""J,,].,O' iT
lIt>.4Q). c- }.11Il/.('/6.); Cis I;,.,."tly prpp"ltP-L -hi '" ,,6/ ... ) .
: Toobh.;n C , 'tIC.",i-A"Mu.-'I ,Ji..{b/-.) _wort 1J1e.',
:. C= :II: 3.83rl,O-"P ,lJAut -z.). I- (J;,L (r .. II"ID.l)
/0.17 Allum' V A.Gr'05$ pt.:C4.1 H.tJt ,.6.- v/" tIl Q ..
{et} Q,_c,E.-,A ,tPJ-t,EzA, 'III 11
.. ...,.. 4 " E, V
:.C.&J/V-"Ti[(E,,*,(,) -: . _
I.Q I I
(b) Go ,/Q,- ,/1" 4A4 QrQ,"'Q, ... ""-L."", 4J,JQl-z;r,: .. A ""/&
J. , '( t I -. l. &
/0.18 U. --r-(V ="4ci'" 1,#i,,)V f."ll/(flJl.m"IO .. S.3./O- jou/.
(0./9 t:fNt"(IO.U), Fp=-rII.r f,v d<f<C; Er-:vr't" .,.,.,. tCf<b
V- V&(; ... V", - - I.e - .tt, .. )+
,', c f (f,h)
". CIA- 27T/lt,p,{C/II.)+f,J..Olc)j
to. to V o,v"U pJAtu j Tn""
.'. (,E, - ElF .. ... L, _*6.
10. 21
Q- I,, A - 6F.A
v. E,J.,+E,._,.
, Q ( , E,A A
c v - (d.,f" ... ;Jt/II)
U .lev'"
1 'IC.(JX/o"fJ"" JII.JcrVS))t 3'.".XID'
E. V/rJ.. ."tJ. E ( ..... l ,;., sf ... )
SW ..t ". G, - U:rA ..
St.. .t .Ie+-"):: .. fE(X<I-.x.);' +!oe(D.'X-4X)1t
:. Q.N.- QIC- EtAXh - - E}..6X{ -1.)
:. 8&1.tc"y .or.'c. 4A.'3j -Me -f
If'
U
o
- (-E.)V -_)
it :; ,
S-I-.,< e;iMc. +0 /-lit, ;:"cr.f-AJI"J "1 41X ;$
i
:.
AU v'
:. F.&-tt-z;r"(E-I..)
38
, E.
(,,) fs"
"-
1>=/," A
1> (#...
E=7 .. H.
U
E
c 1 f. )
=
t.
F = - pllh :: ..
t>lJ 2A.
f.,"'" + ,(s -fo elver., .. " UE< . 7
h
"'fo-- fl.t fin. ,"s /i-th"4,f""L.
39
368
r.onnl1l::lOr Conductor
., %

<to, _ II +, _ 0
Case II
Problems
Cuu,ju"lor
<t,O
Cue JIJ
11 Solutiun Thchniques
"''lure "'1.1
11 . 1 Consider the thrAll LlOunuary-volue problem!! !lhowllm Figure P11 I The Milltion or
UlSf'l I is <1> ,. lind the solution /'If Case II is "'1< In Case III , IhA r.hllr,!jI!.!H/,ltnd Q2 l:HC the
sumll charges Ihal appellr in cases I and II, and thAy IIfJVt!ur in exactly correspondinll
positionH. ExprllSll <S>, in terms of $, and "':.
11.2 Consider the IhTRA buunuary,villuc shown ill Figure P112. ThA Milltion uf
CaSI! I is "' ,. and Ihc solution of C:ase IT is "'I' In Case Ill, IhA .. harges Q, lind Q2 orc Ihe
SUint: chargcs thaI appear in C8St:S I and II, anI'! !hAy IIppt!I:Ir in exact ly correspondi ng
positions. Nole Iht! differences in the boundtlrY conditions for Ihe three ClilIeS. Can.J
hfl Axprt:SSed in terms of "'1 and 4>21 U so. obtain the exprp..Mioli Ir not. explain why_
11 .' The radius IIf the innl;!r conductor of a r.oaxill.llint! is 0 and that of the ouler conductor
ill o. The potential of the illllerconductor is Vand that of the outer conductor is zero.
There is no volume chltf)!t: density between band u. Slur! from the Laplar.e f!quation
to ohlain the potential in the coaxial line.
11. 4 Two concenlric conduclingspheres have rarlii ultnd b. respcctivel yth;;. 01 The ouler
IIphere ill CIt zero potential. anrlthe inner sphere Is mainlainp.{1 at V volts. There is no
space charge helwAen the conductors. Start 'rum Ihe Loploce cquallon til ohtain the
potential <I>f rl for b ;>0 r ). o.
CunJuClnr
\
_ 0
Ca.II@I
Conductor
4> _l 00V
C3s.>11
ConJuctor
Cas.' III
l'e(;hniques
1.1
;ululion of
Ql 3re the
!sponning
:olution of
Q
1
3re the

Can 4>a
l::Iin why.
:onductur
or is zero.
t!(jualion
fhe uutAr
lere is no
'utllin the
11.5
11 .6
11.7
11 .8
11.0
11. 10
11 . 11
11 . 1.2
Probl ems
369
InSlilarillg8up
0
In Figure P11.5 a {;unuucling conp. a potential Va. and a small gap separates its
verlex from II conducting plane. The axis of the cone is to the
conducting plane, which is m<lintained at zero pultmtial. The angle of the cone is 0,.
Becausfl of the symmetry of this ::Ind the fact that the buunn::IT)' conditions
on the potelltilll 4> involve (/ only. '*' is independent of rand 41 when spherir:al
coorninMes are used. Find the pulential <l>{O) in the region 8
1
.:!O 8 90. Hint: f (l/sin
0) dO In (I!HI 012J. Find Ihe surface charge density on Ihe cone.
The uppflr pl<lle of the parallel.plale r.::Ipacltor discussed in Example J1.1 is
maintained III 100 V, and the lower plate is III 110 V. All other conditions remain
Ilnr.h::lnged. Find '*'.
Model a de vilcuum tllhfl rectifier as two parilllel platfls with a Spilce dlllrge in
Iw.tween, as shown in Fi.l!ure 11.3. Let Ihe separtltion be 1 cm. Find the voltilge
needed lu prmlllr.fl I Alml current.
Find the surface chnrge distribution on the vertiC31 and the horizont::ll conducting
Willis for lhe case rlisr.l1ssed in Example 11.8. Plol p. for 7. '> 0 and x _ y _ U. Lei Q _
10
Find the inHl)o!es uf a point charge netlr n corner uf a conductor similar to the one
shown in Vigure 11.11 excejJllhlll .O _ 45.
Find the forcfl Ih::ll acls on the point ch<lrge Q al to. 0, d) and is due lu
imluGf!n s11rface ct13rges 3t z _ 0, <IS shown in Figure 11.5.
Calculate the capacitcull;e IJflr mp.tflr of a 12-inch (0.3048 mJ-diamfltflf steel pipe
locllled 6 ft II.A.1 m) above and pOflllJel tu the grollnrl.
Example 11.10 llml the milximtlm electric field on lhe surf::lr.e of the conduct.
in)o! cylindAr is located ot the point ll1mrest the ground. Show the villidily of this
st3tement by jJlulling Ollt E. nn Ihe surf3ce as <I functiun of .. I Jse the following dat<l;
Vo - 100 V. h - 2 m. 3nd a _ 1m.
11.13 For the point char)o!e 4lucaterl rI meters from a grounded cunducting sphere shown in
Figurfl 11. 14, find the surface chal".I!e uislriblltion as a function of 8.
11.14 Repeat the precedinH jJfUulem for an isolated conductill.l! sphere r.ilrrying no net
dl<ll')(e.
370 11 Solution Techniques
I'" 01
Flgur. Pltt,tll
11. 15 Equation 1I1.42J )lives the polenti:!1 dUll In II lJUint charge in the prf'_wnce uf II
wnducling sphere Equatiun jll.ol41 gives the pOtfmlia! ,Iue Iu II point chorge
in the presence of an isol. tt'd sphere carrying no opt elia!')!!:. From these resultli., find
IhA polfmlial JUt: to Q poinl charsI' q. (/ IIlCIt:I'S from an isolated r.oncluclin)o! sphere
tAmy ing 0. net charge of fill_
11.16 A lint'! r.har}!!: PI is insidc 1\ conrhlCo lill,l( tUllnul of radiuli. 0, shuwn in Figure PII . t6
Nutice that the liM char,llt: is b meters off r.AnIAr. Firu.1lhc potential fuor:tinn in tht:
tunnel . Ilinl: This I) compiemAnrary pl'ul,lcm of the one !lhnwl\ in Figure 11.12.
11.17 Calculate Ihe forCA [lpr mettlf aCling on the linA char,!!!! in lht: lunll clshown in FigurE'
PI Llfi .
11.18 A point (;harMt: Q is inside a J;pherit:a.! cuvit y 01 a connur.tor. in Figure
Pll.16. The radius ofthftclivily is 0 and Ihe cavity ill rllltKI with air.
(a) Jfind the VOlential" in thA cllvity wilen b. O.
[h) Find Ihe surface chuge dellsity of the cavity Willi when b - o.
(c) Find the potenlilli 4> in tho cavity when h - ul'J. .
(d) Finn the surace charge denf;ily or the cavity wall when b 011..
11.te Calculate the elP.r.trolltlitit; force acting on the VOinl charge in thp cavil)' shown in
Figure PI1.HI.
11 . 20 Sketch the E linp.ll due to 0 point chargp nfMr the intc rfac(' of Iwo dielectric media
The ,llilualiull is similar 10 thA nne lIhuwn in figure 11 . 17. except that ( 7 - 05f1
11 . 21 A rectangular conducting trough of widlh u and height h j,ll maintained at zero
pnlRntial. as shown in Figllrf! 1'11.21. The potenlial nn Ibft IU[J plate. whi ch covf!l'!Ilhe
trough. is known to ue 4>{K. bl - ZOO lIin(2u/ul volts Find the (lOlential 4> in the
trough. There is no volume chargfl in the trough.
11.22 Three sides of a recll:lll)(utllr conducting pilH:! 111'1: grounded. whllfl the fuurlh side is
maintflined allOO V. OS shown tn FiKure Pll .22. Find Ihfl pohmliul in the pipe. ThArA
i9 no volume charge in the pil)C.
Pie"'. "11. 22
'"
'0./"

- --"
,u ..
of ,
.....
fintl
1ere
1.16.
'he
1 in
:Jia
em
'he
'he
flis
"'"
Problems


)
fu. OJ

'1
I
.-,oovo
E
I"l eur. P1' . 114
0-0
f

I
. - 0
371 .
->

11.23 The lJoumJulj' potentials of II rRr.langular conducti ng pi pe arc shown in Figure
PI L23 Find the potential in the pipe. There i,l no vol ume chaTgfl in Ihe plpi'! .
11.24 CUlilliuer the boundary valu!! probl/lm lihnwn tn Ftgtlre Pli 24 The upper Qnd the
lower conducting plates are mainlQintld at :':I:I\J Thl! IllatA III the left is
IIHllnlf1inflfl fit 100 V. Two gilps insulate the side plBte from the grounu. Tht:re is no
volume charge in the reKion and <z> ZAro HlI x apprnaches infinity.
(a) 11M rhe method of separation of variables lu uutu ill two oNli na ry different ial
tl4UUlioll1l.
(b) Solve Ihe differential equati ons. (The rUllet ion involving y must be Il sine
(uncti on.]
(e) Mateh the boundary condit ions. and find thft fiMI Mllnion
11 .25 A sphft rical capacitor is filled with a dlelectrie material of (1 in half or the space
and with another moleriul of f l in the remaining IpIlCIt, I'll shown In Figure Pll .2S.
{a! Find thtl pollmtial function <l>(rJ in the region o<r<b. The potelltial al r .. a ill
Vn and it is zero at r .. b. Hint: Thti pottinlilll IllllillfiAII Ihe r.aplace equation
t I 1.21 and it may be assumed that it is II function of r onl y.
(bl Find the electric field in the r8gion 0 < r < b.
{el Find the D field in the reKion 0 < r < b. Hint: 'l'hfl D filtld in medium 1 Is differ-
ent from that in medium 2. Note: the bounda ry conditioll s 011 the tangential Ii:
IJm.l oillhe no rmal D fields arA AAtiSri Ari ulllngihe suggested approach.
(d) Find the total charge 011 till: inner conduct or and Ihlt CApACitAnce of this ca-
IHlr.ilnr.
Figur. P11 . 25
"
b

-
CHAPTER /I
!!d. CA04 I, 171;6, a il """ II!' 0 HIe ",,"-,IVy
c .. , .. JL' t7 '9. - l'll """" - 0 ." Me. 6_ .... ,,"":1
II. t.
II. ,
-
II. r.
.: v(?,+?,)_a.r.)I .,;.0.. .,..I! .. i.-III-SII. ' ... c.. ... JJr
c.,. I, 17'9\ - t./l 9\.0 ... ill ..
c .... JL , v, t.1E a".I ;. .100 ". fA .. ,--,,'1
17'(1./00)- 2'/E <&no( "".ole 6,.."J"':t
.'. 17'( <Ii '111.-100)' ('i.' t. >/t .,it!,. ."s, -/'" '0 ". .,Ae bDU""o,y ,. - 9\ , -/00 ,.; c"
pol li.( 'J f 0.1:1 ."s- C,Lf''',
(a.}:V- 0..-< '9 'i-vIL(i-) """ C.,-VJ..6/1-(1-.
:. (fJ- -
.. C.-Ci;,.
l(A)-VOc,-t./a.
:. (,)-
r's';,.,+,(Si'l.9 :[) -0 *' :1. ->
.c,J.,.{Ic.t)+c, .,.{. C. """- czo
:. v.J..U ... aNt -;
:. (,.Ec-V./rL.( .... (1;. ... ""'f." f,>0 iJV,>O)
... I(IJ-',,+c
z
.
:. flO -Zoot- 80
_ 4-f K .I-_"itr
rlll
-' 2",,'WID .... VCI:J..2, V
JJ.:L J - ,;r{2q," V .,.. I 9"(10"')'
1= f,;tf -YR,' Y.f, - Yft. J, Il, , R,. )r(-
I
J
11+ (;'+1)' I?". J(#t-d.,. '1'+(-1#,)1 10 ....
Ea- ." .. -Lfx.Ot,)I-;,t1('-t'_ of' _ ;'cr.,).,.;/.#(J.t)j
Vr 1rf,1 1<,' RI R.!
0'1,11e.. " .... J.ofo.t "''''', 2 0 """ E _ .!. [[(,x.,f. 6,.,]:il- 1 ;
.'. r. = Uf'
01'\ tJ.e. 1,oJ4iL
1
),-0 4#'tt:/. E - k{(,. ,,'.('')'1""'- - [""'1
'
+(1.
'
)1.].* J;
... f,. Jrlft.,'.( ... fJ-Ji-[I''''''.'>'J-IiJ
F.,. a.,o --t r, - (Q+cZt,)'r*_[lt{lJl]Jl4j
'I It!"i-
11.'1 t! .. ...
_, . ' 11
'.t
, .
:
- -.-.
I / ,
,,' . "
+\ \./ ,/,
, '... ,
.,--"'\
- - fl -l'
L!;!2. F '1 - - ,
fOr, (u)' ",,[, .. '
1!J.! (.II./D). c" 3."../UJIJ,'C!> - :".. - I70S
40
1/""
-
tf.'f
-
zoo
/ -
,
I
,
t',
, "
,--
lC)
::

"
k
,
"-


.. .",. ,,.
t= (rl.rd.'_arJ.U){PI'a.
-cr'#r.'-ur;uu)"i
P, & (f" J.'-z/ti. (6,;) II,
.1'.' (t'. /, '- 'Ph Y,
... iI(f,;)- -/:r[J..(t'//t, )-..("/d.)J ",il/., d- .'!I>
a:t """- jo -I'.. ",;!Iv ... -",'/6
41
- 1f' ..
1/.1 t f - '1:; .. f(T.&;: .. ",;<1 f
11. 20
, .
, .
(,.).1)(
\ ,
, .
/: '" , , ,
?} ..
/ I t.-T
----7'"-- t ---';:F
, ,
. A
J
'
..
\ I . '
,
(-, 1.)
\ I ; '-
\r

v'1 - 4 ""'- iI-o .. -() .. 1t .. ,J-
Ito,Oo. A-D. a"",>-O. C-O .. ;..;..I.J
1(4//>-0. * "'. ' .. z, 3, .,. .", #, .. ,> .lA_ S;....f(TIJ
."
zO() S;,." (Rn/ .. ) .. t.,A.... ... Ma2 .... .,fa
.', -
-t h-o .. f!,.r;{.-o ..
A CC
J
C -D :. Ef"'1)-
...... ,.2. ,.... .'.
.. ..,
.... r') J 11<1<'
I J: lOOSi'L(TlJtI, II:' A .. s;,...A f.'s ..... A ... f s.i&.J, (--4.)
J.
',DD$, .... (T'I)dl. us_r) _ [ 0, 1ft. Il '
"." .. ..,y_rr , '" ." J, e; ,.,
... Am" ...... ...,,J ' "" .. . .s: .... ..",(, j"t.c;y) ... r' .....
r.JIl"e. PII, 2; 30 .. I. .. " 0/ -Me (.U,wi"l -hw e..JU I
11 f
-.
Ca.') T C,,)
Cu. L W. 2-
C4.Sfj A., III"" tot.. ...... M. !',._II , 11.11. ("4.1(.2. C-A-II be s.lAJ .... 'J cM"g;,., iJ.c.. c-Nf.#Iai.
Jill"""" "I C4Jce 1; N.,.t' '. 111l.'). 1 .... .. r Si....4{ "''''/-.)
Poi4A/, .. l ifx.'tJ;'" ""'t. ,,'pf .......... ;.". J e.,..J.,. .. '" edt J.. .,.J. d.f.U'
.;Nt I i 1:!! ( .. "rll.).. r ,; .... H ... ..,,/ ... )s.;..c-r-l/ .. ) 1
f .... -.t III" SI....AC ... Ir.;.) $i.v. eMIr'/c.)
42
11, 2+ (4)
-
(tl
1>r' ::;
Vil (,
-L

... ""w" I
(I_I)
r>
'n
b
1:>n =
V. ...
/
1.
(I_...L) y;:
,,,
!)
b
(d )
It, == lIT ... D., (,-... ) =
V. (/
lIT (if -tl
' ..
(::
'").((((, +t,)
ri - t)
v.
43
lrnmtl
12. 11
'1 and
, dary
h.811
exact
IIff'nl
"\' 1001
dl f
boun
t reo

Q
Solution:
Pruulcmll
387
The resistivity read hy the !IOnrlJ! willlWl infhLf'nr:P.rl fly mooillm 2. Thus, IhA Mmde
Will nol feMcJ p, to \1'11\. IIlthouxh it is IOCillt:u cOlinll), in medium 1. To find the
cxpt,.'Clcd read ing. we must first calculate Ihe potential detected at /I We solved Ihe
polf'nli aillroh]pm In F.xampif! 12.S. In the present Clist!. \\e Imve"l _ 0.1,)( _ U, Y _ O.
I. " 16 in. x 12.5-1i HlOl m/ in _ 0406 m, Z f h - 32 )( 25<1/ 100 m - 0813 m. and
l' _ 1[1 0.01) _ 0.8181
01 + 0.01
'l'hPfPfoff!. according to r 12.2211},
-,
I [I I
-;--'--;" -- + -- - - 134.11
4. x 0.1 0.406 0.B13 4-w
Substituting the above value 101('1)12 26), WA ohtain
1
p, _ 411' x 16 x - x - x 34 .7 _ 14 I nm
100 4 ..
Problems
12.1 A p(lf<llIAl plaIA lillflrl with two IIIl1terilll:; jill! conf'i1<uration shown in figurt:: P12.1.
The lul(ll area or the plote is A The dielectric constant and the conductivity nf nne
materia 1 are. , ann q h ThCllle uf Ihe Olht!r lIIult!rilllllre unu 0'2' Finu Ibe
f+(llIlvu!tml dn:ui l fur this parallel pl(1tc. and express the circuit paramete rs in terms
of A. d, ' " 0" ' 2' and fJl
12.2 A pilr'dlld vlule is filled with t ..... o materinls In Q configuration s hown in Figure "" 2.2.
Find its equivalent circuil , and exprp..M IhA r:ircllit paramfllfu's in terms of A tbe .. reu
nf thf! 1l1a1f!. and d,. <1
2
, t ,. t 2' II ,. 1llU11l
2
, which ore defined in the figure.
12.' A cooxialline haslwo layer.'l nf in.'llllatinn. FigurA Pt2.3 shuws the Malmetry. Find
(. ) Ihe IJUlt:ntial 4> , for a < p ... b
( b) the potential 4>, fnr h ..: p '" c
( c) the resistuJ\<:e uf a section of such a line'! meters long
.. . P12. 1 P 12.:1
I
. ,. ",
'., ".
j]
,,.c--r5 -,,:; C2>' h)
1

-1
" ./
wI'!
,
I
I
I

I
I
I
I
"'tI",. Pt2.2
-1 I I
"
[

'--
' I I I "
I jd.
\ ," __ J I
' " 0
,
:--........ ..... _- ---"'
I .. '"
388
12 Direct Currenls
y
I , . ,
/
,
,
',20 ern
,
,
*'_IOA
' IOcm .......... I
' / , , I
Fleur. "12 .
/ ... R r 2{lcm
... :IUcm I fI-O.Glmho/ m
Perfect conductur
,
y

I

I
p'.
I
I
0
PArfocr conductor
,
.,
12.4 A lIphericctl conuuctor of radius a is inside a spherical conducting shel l of radius c.
Two malerlals arc used 10 fill the space between these cnnnll!':l nn!. The dielectric
and the conductivit ies of Ihelle malerial.\! art! (,. 0'1' f l . It:_ respectively.
FiMura P1 2.4 shows the configurat ion. Find the equivalent circuli of Ihis system, and
express Ihe ci rcuit pa ramelp. fs in fArms of Q, b, c, t o. fl ' <I" ant! crt.
12.S Two oil wells ilrc 1 km apart. The resislllncc between IWO steel pipes in these wells I,
measured li t lAIIi. What is Ihe conductivity of the I1Imr Iht:lltl well.\l? Use the
fulluwinH d(l\(l : the length of both pipes - 1 km. and the di ameter of bolh pipes - 10
em.
12.' A currenl is ncar a conducting plate that Is bent to form a 90-
corner, as 5hnwn in FigurA Pt 2.6. ThA output from the electrode is I und the
material fillinJij spact: has a conductivity cqual to a. Find the potenti al function
"'( x, y, 1. 1.
12. 7 A currellt elect roUe is nt:ar a perfectly conducting plate that is bent to form a 60
corner, as shown in Figure PI 2.7. The electrode prodllcftS 10 A nf r.urrAnl. anrl lhe
mat erial filling the region defined lJy 0 tiOili wut er wit h conducti vity equal to
0.01 mho/ m. find the potential at point B shown in the figure
u .s A point electrode puis oull amptlrtlS of current above a conducti ng piane, as shown
in Figure P1 2.8.
(_) Find "' Ix, y, zl for z > O.
(b) Find Ihe current density 1.lx, yJ al the surface of the cnndllr:lor.
(e) SlcAtch the paths of Ihe current flow.
"
f, _ eo
ius c.
celric
IVAly.
t. and
ells is
,p.lhA
. - 10
90'
d Ihe
clion
ill SO"
d the
nallo
4
12.8
Pmbl ems
f C
I
I
3m I
I i
0a.1 SlIIl
'%\"\\\'@. '{ ....
C7b 2 S/m
FJgure P12. 10
389
For thtl Coltse shown in "'igure 12.9, find InA pfHGAnlagA of Inti current emitted from
Ihc elect rode crosses the boundary ond cnters iUlllcdium <!.
12.10 A source 4 meters below an interface of two conducting media emits 2 A of diroct
t:urrent, u show" in FI,I(ure P12. 10.
(al Calculate Ihe potential at point B.
(b) Calculate the pol entillial point C.
12.11 A wAII.logging rAsislivHy lnol similar 10 Ihe one shown in Fi gu re 12. 1215 near a
buumlury bet ween two beu!!, as shown ill FiKure PIl.11. Tht! boundary is making
060" angle with the well . Find the ilpJXlrcnt resisti vi ty measured by this tooJ al the
po'!it!on "hown.
12.12 Rflfflf to Examplfl 12.6. Ohtain P
e
(the apparent resislivity mtl8surtKi by the tool) as
o function of tool position for Zo" j 160 in. to Zo" 160 in .. where Zo is the posi-
tion of the center of the tool (the midpoint between electrodes A And UJ relative to
lile uuulluliry. Clilcullilc Po for Ilt ICllst 21 PoiUls. IInu!)lut Pit lon.
12.13 RCPCOf Problem 12.12 fortne situation shown in Figure PI2. tt .
1"" -"'",'"
I I
I
'" P. - 1(11)l1-1n
",' I I
-! .. '
Figur. P12_ t 1
390 12 Direct Curre:nll
12. 14 A point electrode is located at (0. YI' nJ. lind 8 perfuctiy conducting sphere of ra
dius 0 is located at (-t, 0,0) as showl! ill Figure P12.14. The electrode gives I am-
peres of cUfmnl. The cunductivity of the medium Is (7. I"ind the potentilll oil on the
y axis. Hinl: usc (11.44).
12. 15 Consider a woIl -logging resistivity 1001 simillif to the one shown in f'igure 12.10.
Lei the spacing bel'oWtlll the current eloctrode A and the potential electrode B be 6
m. The tool measures the conductivity oflhe earth furmation as it trawls in a well.
Assume thai the well passes near II mineral deposit modeled by a perfectl y alii-
dueling lIphertl. 8S shown in Figure PI 2. t5. Find the Apparent resistivity measured
by the tool as a function of y. Use the follOWing data: 11 0.0 1 mhnlm for Ih.
ground; the radius of the mineral deposit. 50 m; And the dillhmctl between the
Ctmttlf of the sphere and the well 70 m. Plot 0. __ versus y for - 70 < y < 70.
Hint: use the result ohlAined in the proceding problem.
,
1- 1' -'- - 1
y

6m
- 0.01 mholrn

Flgu ... P12.1S
,.
1
~

13.1
Magn
2.
CHA PTiiR 12
a,c ....... +-;t.ii.J.. E.. f..Id.
t. W """t,"MO\,U.. F, = E1. .
CO.,,/" ,"II). V= 6," = 8,01
........t we C.An c. .... s:Dle,.. i.f 4lJ
I3tc ...... ,t fA. G4.V'r"f" t
h
t. 4t
(..o"+i", k..' '" I J
r = , X.

......
""'"
c,,,, Si .of.,. il-
v
T
'<
+""
crc.tjft,I"J
/"
:r
"" f' oQ iii. II. '"

.
, :0/,.
{; .. oS i.
'1--1,
=
Ifnl"'j
(I
"
X_I
,
-I..
...
-
b <

C-
r,
UI,
q, =

= .......... .l.._..L..
" "
...

44
"

11 ,
Ita
C .. I"I
r. ' ..
c,
to--;; ...

..
" . 7
II,
T
"
4,
.,tr.
f
II,
t:,.'i
"
(.

r ,I
;/1. 8 (4)
,"
(Cl
Il . ...
"
ti,
C, Ii,
4
,'.1
I
c.os;."(lVII.) i L ." ... ". .... " A._ 5'>e,.'_ . r;.--1-
'''''It-'CYA..) .c:r . ",,I,-I(r .... yl" ... -l) I t!J '"I .14'
7r.t, r.c/o' "'7:Ti': ""/,,,
Use. ,;......'c ""c.H-.d..:
..L(.J._.J. .J._.J.)
. . ...rr of, ... ,6 ...., I
alLu(,. R/ ,.)'.,' J "-
/16,. ... {'1-'I.)'i J"-
R
J
(fhX.l.l,-'1.l' ,')
[CX_L)'. C''-'1.l
1
.. J' J.Ii
lAse ilf'l*'j t meH.Nt:
1.I<Pl- .: (.1._,,' ... ..L ..L ..L ...!..)
_ If" of, .. #J '4- I
G.J."l Il, C [(').."U')+(I-.')" J') lS.) 12,. .. ,.IJ4.
Ra .[).J..{; . ,-."J' JJi I Rs - [:t'+f;+D . l+d'JYa.
A'.s tJJS." /4.- [(&",,,, .. ,1
at lJ, x-a",]"'1 ,,-o./Irt, ,- D
('-!lI.)
-. r-

! ... ..... )
fr :,.
o
,
,
----. -ik>+--z
, "
, '
r
l
I ___ ' __ .J-:r
t .... ,.,: (
,

z
("' .. M,.:'i;-G.>!l_
/1.,. 0 . :2 hi . d,l'" "" J (). J R,. - c. ''''.I 0. S'21'" .I It,. a J.I.I,-
WrH.,.. r -'0: ""!!.J (Ai-.. J, f"ui;" .,; ." ... il- .. la' v
r{ I 1.1
,'.8 (4) Ebv1.l)-;trr, (,:IJ .. ,J"",->.)I -'1i.,I.cj,.JljiJ
'" F --g. r f J
J +,,1', (:1"1., "{)-l.)'j"'- [X.'.1J ... c,.,:?J"
Jj (".1)- a; EJ h. - - (;Z,.:C. J:)W
(c) SaJO"Ic, A' p" " '''''L 11.1
45
-
for i" IIt#J;w," # -tJ..,.
S:I"'ATi,," looks ','ke .,1..... "'"
" I So""t'rt.x. ., ... t.1l _t J .( J
,"',. " A.'".), .. c .... J ,..,J ........ of U; .
n,Uf{.r-t. i .f I II .,,.,, (.r,'S
x-A.iS I.t. t"- /.",1 A.lf tI.. S,.""
. . O'i
c.rl1lf'IfJ "_ .. ,,., = - I
c-..t'( ... f eNi,:, )1- ... !t's :: [ 0-; / (o;.r. ) ] Jr I" ,.
v f
I'
l> )
I I :0 -:Ir.::'c.-_r.:::.. r
cr.., ... r
4
i ct. ::.

'" -
J
I"
"',p.r
.... .,.,#' .....
,
I"
l=
f
11
o-.. rJ,.
I";
2. CI"'"
't =
aa. .. 0;
i
... /J
"t (
::.
I 7
...
J
-= IS. 2.
.. V
46
I
I I
", I
--/-1- -
t( I
,
r; \1
'I I
1
I I r.
I I
iI-
I/
I"
I.
I ~ . I I
'i
48
,
,
" z4
,
,
J
~ .
g;(f!T
...... S", I I
... I I I
.. SiJ I!:
; v ,
... " I
" ,
" ,
i __ .J
s'
I
L
I !
/oJ
'ID'
------
--
H'



fo'
,
..
,.,
d
...
...
s

. . , ,
I


12.15 F 1'0,... p,.., 1.3.:..!J:. I
1.(1,). 4trfN,/!IlIJ/r: I!:-ld (,/,.1- -,.,;; . .... ... I)i
I .. ) '(',I .. .l'rA'':U ,.. A ,
f..rl,). 'DD{-f- 5'9
Ji/!!!. ('I,l;Zf1. .. .. !IH l U."'X .. c.;4'.J-as-,j l
:. d;(,.,,- t:r...(I-'>- I!II P
A--'e...c
---------
'-
..
!
,
II
!
47
Problems
422 13 MIl8ntl lOILIa l ic Field,
Oecause magnetic fi e ld is present in the wflxial li ne. we know that
magnetic energy is stored there. The mngnclic field is giVtm hy (13.7):
{
I
- b > p > o
1-1. _ Z/rp
o e lStlwhere
SubsWuling the ithove expression in (13.34). we obtain
Utt .. ; JJ l
l o
dq, 1" p dp I: l _ ,1011 % In
2 0 g 4,.. P 4". U
This result is the stored magnetic energy pe r unit length of rhe cooxinl line.
Conseqmll1t ly. we Cun calculate lht! inductance per unit length II f tht: li ne
from [ IJAl j:
L .. In {lJ.4Y}
2'11" I I
This inducta nce per unit length also appea rs in IhH tra ns mission line
repreStlrl tHtion of the coaxia 1 in (6. 191 of Chn pier 6
13.1 "'inri the IIIll,l!nctic fi eld " althA cflIlttlr of a square loop carrying It current I. The side
uf the square loop b meltlrs long_
13.2 A r:in:ulllr loop that has ratii ull u amI thai carries a current I IJrOOuces the some
Ul lIgneticfield strpngth III its center as thot al thA cAnler or u square loop that hall lIine
band Ihat cll rri es the some current I. Find tht! ratio of b 10 0 ,
13.3 Consider a large plate of thickMAA II locutt:d ilt d/2 .s y . d/Z. all shown
in Figure PI3.3. Uniform current of de nsity I is flo\\ing in Ihe f: ni rection. Find H in
ulll'egions
13.4 The eHrth's magnetic field al the norlh mognetic pole IA approxi lllHtcly 062 G 11
C _ 10 Wh/ m: j Allsume thot this magnetic fill id ht vrwuccd by a loop of CIIftll nt
fl owing II long tht! t:quator. Slimal/! the IIIH)!ui tude of this Climmi. The rutl ius of the
mirth is approxi mAt ely 11,500 kill ,
y

d .
___ . Y-
Ftlur. U ,:I
l,
,.
i.
"
'"
11
13.5 An Infinitely long tubulul' (,:undut: lur uf inner radius 0 and outer radius b carrit!9 II
direct curTent of I amperes. as shown in Figure P13.5. Find the H Rflld at fI: where (a)
p :;, a, (bl a .so p .so b. IlIllI (\:1 b p.
13.8 An infillltel y long tuhular conductor has outer radius b and inner radius a offset by a
distance c from the axis of the Olllflr cylinder. as shown in Figure P13.6. This
eccentrir: tuhular conductor carries a direct current of 1 !impArl',&, Find the " field at
point A shown ill the lisurfl. Hint: Consider the tube to be a superposition or IWOllOlid
r:ylinders that have radii b and a amI thlll !;1m), IIniform current density 1 in opposite
diret:tiolls.
13.7 An infini tely long wire is bent to form II 90- \:ornflr, al shown in Figure P13.7. A
di rect (':UlTt:llt I nnW!! in tllfl wire. At point A find 11'10 H field due 10 this current.
Follow the steps given below.
11 (a) Usc tilt: Biot-Stwllrt law 10 express the " field at A due 10 It typical segment of
Itt wire dyon the wire axis. Express til t! field in rectAngul ar coordinates
(b) Int eNl""dtt! the rp.!!uit ohlained in (al to find the H field dUt! to the semi-infinite
wire OC. Note. to faci litate inteHration, lilt y - fltan fI, 110 thai dy _ a SCC
Z
8 d6.
( c) Finrllhe H RAid Al A due 10 thc wire 80.
(d) Add the results olJtuined in fhl and (c] to yield the lotal field at A due to the
current in the wire DOC.
13.8 Follow a similar procedure 10 the one rlltllCrihed tn Problem 13.7 to find the H Relrl at
8.'1 in Figure P13. 7.
13.8 Consider a circular loop \:lIrrying a currenl I counterclockwise. as shown in Fi8urt!
13.11. Plolthe mAgnetic field 11, on the z axis for - 0/2 -::: :t -::: u/z. Find the value Z. in
lerms of a. such thllt. ;rl:.d ..: 1.., then H. ill uniform wi thin 10% of the valut! uf H.!:It
Ihe (".f!ntf'r of the loop_
424
13 Magnetos' . I\(; Fields
,
PltU,. "13. 10 Helmholtz t'OI!t.
,
13. 10 '1'0 ImprovA the uniformity of Ihc magnetic field along Ihc Axil! of II circullif loop (see
Prublem 13.9). onc may use two idenlir:alioopil by tl distollcC cqu31 !alheiT
radII, as shown in Figure P13.10. Such II pair of current-carrying 1()('1pt; i.. r.illlild
Helmholtz coils. Find H, as 3. funClion of z on Ihe axis of the Helmhult:e coils. Piot H.
for 0 < Z <: o. Find, in terml! of c, the valut:!:t,. such thot. within the range I zl < 7. H.
il'luniform within lO"k of the magnetic field at the middle of IhA two coil" CompiHe
your result with thai obtained in ProhlAm 13.9 for Ii sin)!]e loop.
13.11 A 5tjuArA conductor loop 20 IUcters long on each side carries a (Hreet curMol1 u
shown in Figure P13.11 .
laJ CaJc:uilltf! Ihe magnetic fit:ld B al (b.O.O). Express the magnetic Reid in terms of
4 integrals, where each represents the contribution from thtl currellt all each
side of the squaNl. UIWt the Biol-Sllvilrl law. Do nOI try to integrnte those Inte-
gtlll9.
(b) Assume thnt b is much greater than o. Now, INllluulll thc inlcgtnis approxi-
mately to ohtain an approxinllilll value of B at (b,O,O).
y
c
T
.
I
"
lb. u. uJ
,
Flgut.P13.11
A
B
13. 12 A surface chAtge of P, C/m
1
is uniformly distributod on a t9Cord disk. The inner
radius uf thtl disk is a and the outer radius Is b. Thfl rACord disk is turllinlol at II
constant angular velocity w radII in the duckwiStl diruction. Find the mngnetic
Reid at the r..anter of the disk dUll 10 the surface charge on the turning disk. Ignore
the prestlllctl of the metal post on the turntable.
<
Fields Prublflms 425
J (see
Their
liliAn
0 1 H .
".h II,

t I AS
'01> of
cach
int&-
.roxi
no.
:tt Ii
clic
0 ..
13.t3 The tlHrlh's magnetic field at the equtllor illllpproximlltcly B _ to 4 Wb/m7, Calcu-
late the cyclotnm freqllfmcy of the electron in the ionosphere.
1:1.14 lIecause natural uranium contains a slight Illlluuni of Uranium 234, llit! electro-
magnetic: Isotope separator I:tlil also yield U. If tho radiuli of the circular path for
I)l U particles (st!8 Figure 13.14) is cquollu 10 m, where should one place collec-
torI for and 2:HU partidell? Expreu spacings In melers.
13.1e Rcrcr lu Figure 13. 17. The maglletic fittlri ill r::hanged from 5 x 10 In 10
J
Wblm
1
,
All other parameters remain unchanged. Find the following:
(0) tbe position of the electron 1I1lhe exilltide of tho magnet icfield fegion
(h) tho exit anNie (the lingle between tho truitlctury lind tho K axis after the elecl ron
passed through tilt: magnetic field)
t3. tO Consider an electron having initial kinetic onorgy III. IIml enlering B region uf
uniform magnetic field. as uelJicted in Figure P13.16. This il> similar to
that SIIUWII in Figure 13.17, except thot tlJtl!:!leclron In Ihe prescnt COstl is inclinmi
AI an a anglc with n:specl to Ihe x axis.
(a) Shnw Ihal v. and v, of tbe electron after il enters the UUI,I(nelir: field are given
by
v, - V. cosj"',r , uj
v. - v,sin(\o.'<I'" a1
wheT!:! 101< - And I - 0 corrcsporuJ:! to the mnmenllhe electron !:!lItel'lllhA
magnetic field
(b) Fint.1lhe cooroinares x and zofthc !:!1t!Clron i!.llime t NOle that x _ 0 and z _ 0 al
,- 0
(e) Finn Ihe poinl where Ihe electron Ip.awt' Ihe magnetic field. Alisump. v, ... 2 x 10"
mis, a _ ao. "', - 8.77 )( 10" rad/s. and d _ " cm
(d) Find the ongle beh-\cen the x axis and the Iraj .... 'Clory uf the after il hall
left the mAgnplic field . Sketch 1111:: entire Iri!.j9CIOry, and compare il with the one
shown in Fi)!ure 13. 17.
,
J----j
------,

. ,
Figur. P13.1' ,

, , .,
.l::lecrron
"
,


,
,
t
)



K K I
x )( X 1< I
--------'
t3. t7 ' I\\-,., flarallel wires arc carrying 100 A of current in 0pPQ:!lte diroclions. On each
wire ind Ihe force pAr unit length due tu the mllgnetlc field produced by the other
wire. Is the force repulsive or attractho-e? Assume that thf!linf!S IITf! 1.5 m apart.
426 13 Mll8nelollltic: Fifle.
13.18 " wo idtmticul circular loops of radii n ATflllepartltoo by a distance d, where d (l.
Qne of tho coils carries I amperes or current clockwise. and the other carriM I
amperes counterclockwise. Find the fort:e betW8fln Ihft8f! coils. Hint: Becaux
these coils IlrC close togethor. you can appmxlmate lhe magnetic field that Is I' ODe
coil and is produced by the current 011 the othor as III .. Izl'f2Trl). the field due to
an Innnileiy lonx win:. Let 0 .. 1 m and d .. 0.05 m. How much current is needed
tu produce a force of 9.8 N?
13.1' A circular loop of radius 0.5 m 1:II ld l00 lurns is excited by II 2 A direct curreni.
This loop is placed in the Earth's magnetic fiflld, which b IIpproximatcly equal 10
5 )( WbfmJ pointing nnrth. How do you orient this loop to produce II max;
mum torque? What is the value of this torque? Find thAt oriAnttllion uf the loop in
which it t:Xpt!ricnccs no torque.
13.20 'fhc quare conducting loop AIICD in FiJ\urc P13.20 cnrries 2 A of direct
current. sine of the iuutJ is 0.1 III long. The loop 15 pillced in II. uniform mag.
netic fitlld B. Find the force on each side of IhA lootJ II.nd the torquo on the entim
luop if:
(II) H - 0.2 Wblm
2
(bJ B t 0.2 Wblm
2
,
D
-
T
U.lm
-.
C
f .. 2 A

Flguf. P13. 2.
8
13.21 An Infinitely lung conduct or of radius n cllrries II. uiroclion current I as shown in
Figure P13.21.
(A) Finel the H field in the region 0 <Il < o.
(oj Calculate the stored magntltic II11CfMY jJCr unit longth In the region 0 < p < u.
(eJ Find thA inductanctl per unit length of the connu r.tor. CUlilIidtlf only the mag
nctil: tlllcrgy in the region 0 <II < o.
13.22 'fhree infini tely long parallAI wil'tts tlll.cb cu rry 10 A of current In the t direction. liS
shown in FigurA P13.22. Find the fOfce per unit IAngth ActinM UII tbe.3 wire due to
the mHMlletic fields produced by fhA other two wire9. Cive tho nurnerieRl value of
the force. Its direction, and its unil.
Itatic f' jelds
111M d o.
ler curies I
~ t : Because
halls alone
field due to
It is nettd9d
}Ct current.
lly cqutll to
lell II maxi-
the loop in
" of direct
form mag-
the culil'9
hownin
<no
he mag-
:tion, 0.5
e duelO
Jalue of
Problem.
y
t
'i
I
T
"
1m
I
,
"
!---1m-...j
Figur. P13.22
FlgvrePt3.2t
13.23 The mo.gnt:tic field in a cOIlxiallille is giVfln by
1'.- fOl lP forO.lm <p< O.2 m
~ elsewhere
427
"
,
Tho mcdium i8 Air. What is the totiil stored magnoti c ellcrMY pltr unit length ill the
line" Give tho numerical value and i ndi ctl te its unll .
13.24 (a) CHkulale lhe stored U1tlgnelir: energy per uuille nglh of Ihe parallel pl ate mn-
ductors shown in Figure 13.5.
(hJ If the parall cl plate is u ~ e d as a capacitur to II lore elect ri c CllerNY, finrlthe volt
axe Vo for which the stored electric energy is cqutll to thfl ilored magnetic en
ergy found ill (a). Let , - l A, W _ 10 cm, And (] - 1 c m. ExpteSll Vo in volts.
The medium is air.
13.25 CalculAlfi the inductance pllr unill fl ngth of the coaxia l line shown in Figure 13.3a.
13.21 Calcuillte the inductance per unit length of the parallel plate conductors shown in
Figure 13.S.

r
"
IJ.! Fo..- 11/" -
:.
F.r 2/-1. = 2 (Z)7,p 1-1,,-1("-1,)
... H_{(:')I(d/.) ,
xU"!.),
d 30
CoS'(' .t,
1)+(6/2)\
,
LIse .!/,.4A..J; Ol'l. (/3.!J()) ,.;iH..-} .... ' $"" k,.o. .,.$./C'," J
_ f A..ra.
2
Co / ' .'11110 l( (. 9
fa 1- o. ,UIO- 2( .'<t-d.t )ill - <#Ii... ... I o.'UID )rt -I-II JI 4/,u. <: .,rJ< ,,,_Op , I.SIt!1> J
(a.) fl4j Hzo (7W) .. t ."doJcJ.)
r A I ,,:t:.a.:I
,bJ a..ff$b; j- "'bt::4.1J ""'Ii J.lTI'H,E'j"(f7-a!) 9 ll-; bi_iA..' ,/ 4,(f!},
(C) p'p; .nfllf-I ... P-i';f . hlf
c..J.t I

tc
, - -
/' "
"
, I
,
, 1 .. I
\ ,Cc.seZ
'- ,
-.-
/3.1 ( 4)
49
.. ... 9J A r x.4Ll
(4) d.JI"," - "'l .. - Z" (&iH1-1.'fjJJi
- f. - A n,r dl ( " ', ............ )
(.) - * "'#f). (.x:.I+C I,.)1JJfl.&. 41- .r..s...\t. ....
A E> I rJ{ A r "
Z Z H ' x! ).J4 CAS.(..t_ - i:;:;rz: (''''r)
X. a a. uHS" ': 4 H,;.. Z _ i jU'2f: i
te) t. b s,-_Iry J H, ii.t. ().19!J. i
(4) a.lSl-ii-

I'!
Fr,,"" .,"4+t" .... (IJ.20>, III - .2(a..i"rl)'1&
r I (f,Iott,. I

,
',':

"-
]1.
,
:
,,'
---.........-
"
ar i. 2., HI./N;""t.,,_ [1+(J./t1iJ-o/J.o.,
.. -1'12)}..(I">'/,,)'] =.1.. D.,
-"34:"' (,+(i'/G.),-].i - H, .
( H,/, . .f ) ::"-'1'-.-,_

.. ).,..!.I .,'-/#>l J c. ().D7 .",. O.()7;e .. 2._ r ().'Z7Cl.
/3 .
ID
t;uperp.,"liM I J
([I"I : .. [1'll.AS)')""';
ai i_O; H: c. c !
ct Jl
1
-kfcU'(-AS)'r41a. [J-t<.f."dsly'4j
J- J 1
ZJ" I..'JI [(I'*(l!-o.S-lrJ;, .... [I.t{: .... s1f'nJ .o.t'/
:./t,.> .. (I'fc:z.- o.n
1
r'Jt+[I+c .. +O- r rr .... -1.2'S-D ,'""'Cf"
::;. x.-::-:t (r_,_ of p""''-')
13.11 lo.)
-
-" -.'
. ,

H'
I



.,
.... 3 () . J.
- ,I" .... , '
, ,I" - /I r, .. = -. of" 6>-x)
50
J
( )'. 1> .... ,. J'"
f .
I
I
"

I
fl./2. .6J = f's tl.f)
.;;: = fw (-il; r., =(-rf + IjJ/JrV
Iii = J', c,#'rJI",I-f
J
. ["
dH = 1',"''''f
d
vc-lI
x
-ff+HJ
4711 f' + J ') ".

I
/2.13 r,a: 18 ,4./0"'"'0'''
.. ""..., & 2.B "'HI
!!1! PS/Il, (hlr/""',)JS.. (,JS'/,,8)'i = O. Q9J7 .... "l9.17_
I!.;/ K, (1I/1If.,Y.. (Uf./ue)5Sc f),q'fS'.... R.,.. 9 . 14..,
R. ,.,V; ,,".1 . '1/. 2 .. ,,"
IS. - I,.j
(4' loS-. V; If
J
- V, S;., .... t J wJ...,,. W. Vi/Ro
:. ,: _jt\l"rt't ..
fN ...,
J _l'v:,Jt ...!!! ,.,..,t ("'Jl.fl!-/)
, "" ....
Ai: :ttt.) .. = -t!s,.;.....,f; .. 't _ D. Jr
J.li.) ..:e iii a..", - 0 .. IU ( 1-(#.1$)* -I) - - (1. "D7.2,."
(. ) .... is.t,, -t .. i .... 1/. $i",wl." f).'S'"
.. ) = v. CASwI. c v. f ,-s. .. fJ't. .. 11; w (). 9.J7 Y;
-=-I,ls"'O
.... "j (4)/",(4>] & +--'(-", "V .. 9J7) - 'o.S" ,
.. ... or I
V. ,
Lt ""', m45"";"'c.. /It.U. r .. ,i."", v.l. .. 'V",.tI>-v.'AS("4t+6)
V; uSoI.- J l.tJ 1$ -v. le)c '" fII.) 'Ii ((): .. V. S';"("4:tt,.( )
(.) I,. tilt.. '""'j"'/'" /.0c,t,l :t'(4)-;: tI;,(t)Jt' ..,.. JftJ-1.
4
"5 ct)"t:
tor. v.;;
:. )'l<6)- AIttL Ju:)--i/t
r;'"" c,=--..J:,;,...{
'l'(.e): ... J ..,w(. '.ht.J
(C) J. TJ. -i Wi" %l.,.)_ tL
. si lt (1J,t,,+.t ). + .. -= .,.s;,..U).
:. h's +.(,) .y 1_ s;.",.'(1IJc4+tJ.) '" I. .. D ,r

:. at -Mc xt,.)- t>.c4-,., 4..IttI. "{4>- ,(".,s--u,(s..,J - -D.DC'7li/o",
, ' .'7./0
ll.> Itt /1" .... ). "" COJ( ... ,i-.+.-4) - ''.II'S'V''. 1)(01.). - ".2''-' 'Jr.
cll i si .,.,It. 8. al 'r -1>.1Itl'l _ .. IS.U
51
.. ,
/J. 11
- I,
7,
/4I.l.

/3 .'0
1l2..!
/J. n
#
i "*,
, E
.
oS ! .5 " :
.0, sl..tl/t/... 'I.. pt..(ui.. 0'-
IIui,"wi.r ,,",-..H.c. _11'1/ .. ,f,"O" +0 oh-!aJ",.
-;IlL. .,.,., .... .
T ..... )<-msc "(".SJ1."'IDOK.%M5'KIO
r
c: f.SS'X/D-
J
"'-m
NO ...,;.'" b.p ;1 piNeL VW,'c...J/!j Hoc N- S
(ct) Fltu=-O, Fa,,= ,t,illfij. '/1I0 ./A.jX rrf.#41- i-i) . 11: 0
,
... = 0 '''1.)(1); T=(o. /)I.If'2jx , .,.;:: ""1110"" J/.,.. (.,"')
)
(A
II'
0 . /62. -X X (. O. '2; ) =
. Olf "';; T: 0 .
fi+ = r.r-:f.!)
....
lJ. JJJ t ....
H
; 4v a
I
,'"
LlI.
1-1+ '"
If
;'ro<1' (
...
1.1f"''"
II. 1..
1
" f." l
Jf t' (1'11.1) = Alr
,J., "1f
I' I U
H
iLl"
L=
1 .A.
.,,,.-1
-:
Y. II" ;-
- /0'"
/l = ,

;; - y'
"',- -
."

"Y
I'
Ir.
fi
) F, = /.;,,[ (i;y+y)]: ':;"(f_1;J:,o-rrf_J:J
-t ... t;( trur (-if / = "M..I.. t = -I J/,.,
L
52
/.1/.
/3. ,"
53
Problems
452 14 Mil3uellc M. leriaJ. and Masnetic Circuit,
From 8'01, we find the correspondin)! I-t0) (Figure 14.1 7b):
/l ilt _ Ai m
The iterative method calls for substituting the above value Inll) (14.23) to obtain the
"first-order ' approximation of B, which IS denoted lUi BI":
/1111_ 11000 - 24(0)( 0 1211.u.. _ 0. 176 Wblm1
0.005
The corresponding I Jl I' mllY be read fmm Fi"ure 14. 17h;
HI' I _ 2100 Ai m
WA ubta in the "second-order" approximation of B by substitutin8 the above H"
va lue for H in (14.23):
B'
" _ ' /
- O.167Wu III
0.005
This procedure (".an IJe repealed to find the n_th itljl'lltivc result of When a rli8illli
computer is available, the mligncti7.<llion curve can he HIlProximated hy Ii !itllndard
polynumi al-curve fi lling and SIOTfld in the computer memory. A simlJlt: program may
be written 10 cllrry out thA iti!rativc proc:eduft!. which rACluirt!9 very lillie computer
time l!lei! Problem 14.71.
Tht! problem ill hand can also 00 9011U!. by a gmphicaJ method. Nutc that l14.221
or. equivalently, {14.23} is an equtttion of II AlraiMh! line on tht! B-H plane. As shown
in Figure 14.17b this lint! intersects tht! B oxls al 0.251 Wblm1 and tht! H axis at
R264 Aim. II 81110 intersecls thlt nonlinea r magnetizotion corve lit B _ 0.19 Wb/m
1

This Ttlsuit a)!rees fairly \\..,11 with the result obtained by tht! iterative methtxl.
14. 1 RefAr to the magnetization CUrvA shown in "'igure 14.3. The malt!riol is a nnnlint!8r
nH:dium bec-.8wt: J' depends 011 the magnitude of If. For mognelostalic fidds. u is
equal 10 the slope of the line joining the ori!jill to lhe tHo BI point on the
mllKlletizaHon curve. In this WilY, Figure 14.3b is obtolned frum Figure 14.30. Now. if
the matltrial is placed in Ii time-harmonic field. thA Afft!ctive J' will btl different from
thA Il for the magnetostatic fi elds. Consider a field H - 110 + H, cos (101' + t/lJ. where
H. is the nias magnelolltatic field and H, is tho amplitude of the timt!-hormonle
eompont!llt of the lotal field. Lei H, 1I. ; IhAn the cffecllve Vt:rmcobility of a
malt!riol is thA slope of the tanKtmt of thA ffittMncUzatlon t; urvc at f-I . Skt!teh the
effective I' Vt!I'SUS H. for the curve !lhuwn In Figure 14.3a. Compare it with the
magnlltoslatic JJ "hown io FigurA 14.3b. and IIhow that the JJ 's in these two Cl:ISt:S are
t!Qualto eilch other al ",.
14.2 Point out the differt!nccs between the foliowillK pairs of IArms: (o) diamagnetic \IS.
paromagnAtic,(bl remanen(;e vs retenlivity. and leI cDfl rdvc force vs. cUll rdvily.
14.3 What ore approximate valuAS of the ret entivity and thA (;UIlrcivity of Iht! ferrite
shown in Fiwure 14.91
ic Circuit a
ohtain the
,hove Hilt
, a
standard
may
:::omputer
hat (14.22)
As shown
H axis at
g Wb/m
1

n<i .
on linear
JJ. is
on the
. Now. if
enl from
I. where
.. rmonlc
lity of 1:1
-etch the
.... itb the
ases are
letic vs.
vily.
! ferrite

Problems
453
14.4 Consider Iht! r.arbon steel. alnico V. ond cunico malerials listed in Table 14.2. Which
has the highest IJf:!nnanenl magnellc.Reld strength? Which has Ihe most difficulty
in losing its permanent magnetism once it
14.5 A permanent of fUJIUS 1.5 cm and thickness 0 3 cm is put in It magnetic field
Ihal is parallel tn the disk. as in the siluatioll depicted in Figure 14.7. The torque on
Ihe disk is cquallu 1.2 )( 10 ' N m. and the magnetic field is equal 10 10-
1
Whim'
Whal is the remanence orthe permanent magnet?
14.8 To writc "onc" in the memory corf! X' YJ shown In Figure 14..11, how should the
current pulM'.'I he sent along the wires? the polarity of these puLses.
14. 7 Consider the magneticcore melllory sketchflnln I"'gure 14.11 and the corresponding
hysteresis curve for the cores shown in FiHurc 101.9. Now suppose that. because of
malfunt:liun in the CiN':lIitry, a positive pulse of amplitude I, which alone is capable
of producing the switchinH ml:lHlletic fielri strAn8th HI' is scnt down the line YI lind
Ihlll slmulianRolIs\y an identical pulse is scnt down lhaline x . Assume that all cores
arc initiall y ill thtl statR, which corresponds to havi nK the magnelir. flux cir
culation point ing either tOWtlro thtl uppflr Iflh or the lower left (usi nH Ihtl risht.
hUlld fule). What afe the states of aU of thu l.:ures after Ihlts", puls8S have passed
through?
14.8 Compare tbe hysteresis of two ferritcs shown III Fiijufe PH .6. The curve
labeled til is "thinner" than lilul lullelecl 1/2. Which fcrrite core requires leM
switchin,ll current? Which ferrite has a better ability 1o Withstand magnetic Interier
pnccs'l
14.$ Consider the lOal!Cneti c r:irr:uil shown in Figure PH.g. The material is steel. and
Figure 14.1 7 shows its magnetization curve. The flux density in the air gap is 0.5
Wb/m'. Find the current ' needed 10 produce this flux.
14,10 The magneti c circuil shown in FiHure P14.10 made of a materia l with Jl - 600,"".
"'
Find the flux dellIllues HI and B:. and indicate thdr .
"'
>
fI
"1."
r. P1 ror two
ferril
P , P, /' ,
r-
TDi
I I
100lums
i 0, i
,
,
I '
I ... ___ ='.l
.. ------
B,
r. p.
lOOOr\1rns

P,P,-lIcm
P, P, - PIP, _ 10 em
P,",", - Ucm
/',/',-9cm
J.
f O.S cm
cross' N!CtioMlllrella:
":/'. - 12 em'
all other branches _ 9 em'
454
14 Magnetic Mllterillis and Magnetic Circuit,
12cm
14.1 t To produce a magnetic flux of 0.5 Wh/ m
1
in I h ~ air gap of Ihf! ma)(nt:l icci rcuit sho ..... n
in 1-"gIlfA PI4.11. what s hOllln be lhtl magnit ude of the current in the coil? Take.u
200.uo. The cross-seclionaillrt:a of all brandlfls is t:!(juollo 4 emt,
14. 12 Write II cornpuh:r program 10 f'.H rry uut the Iteralinn proceuufc outlined in Example
14.5. First. approximate lin: nonlinear CUr\lft in Fi)!uro H .17b by a pol ynomial of
fiflh order. Than carry out the Iteration five timos to obtAin the rourth-order ap-
proximatiull for B.
14. 13 Find the approximate value of Ii in tin: magneti c r:ircuit ~ h o w n in Fi gure 14.178
for excitatiUIl currenl J _ 15 A instead of 10 A. All othor conditi ons givtlll remain
unchanged. Ca rry out the iteration a liufrident number of timt:1I 10 obtain an ar.cu
racy to thfllhiro digit.
15.
QU;
CIIAPTE I< 14.
-------::,;----
...
o
SL
o
f : ,rt..,,, .u
c
t..Js. 61 or/H'/_t .p/,.",'"S ..Ie clMcd J
co"pl,,/,'; .
: .e -h .l.Cc.. o,..j,".J.&/...,,4. ... b ca,.,d
C#.,pl"d"
[
rc_et'lc: MJ.e,.. H I:> I -He. "'.-fe. l3 C4.JLuL 1Y1tIAII..,.,&.
Tt,...,.".,CIVC /$ ;s wlu/. MIA..,.. boN. ent4 "I -M ..
Curl/I! Ae
{
COerG/Ilc.. /Drce: Tl-c. .-Lue 0,1 /I i" ".,t'.,e dircc.Jjt>tt
.10 hwe.fy +lie. 6 1),.:1. .
C'oe.rc;vjt,; toc.r,;"e. '+O/'U. H C#JcJ.. ccerc.i..,,'1-y iNAe"
m"-'jJtehJ.-I,,,,.. (!.'W-v,e. S4nu-4.n'." .
1+.3 - 0,22. i eOCrciv/+y. 100 014/....,
14 .4 AA.9AL:.e pC"'''''(VJl"nt ",,,,"c./-" 6J,.c"fHo.. tt.l..nico V
at.;/f.Ut..ti. +0 .t.IL perft'll}J."'6'1t "'-:'J,.c.lis," I"'IAlp,A/. i& (;u.nic"
I+. '!

HI
14.'
.
,-
J
X,
ill

Yo
T=I.Z)(/ol a""", "",)(10' .. m-/.2,
m_Nrc."a
1
) ... HI- ".::1 - 11"(;::'$)'-'&''17.
u .J
,.,. "I z: "'I/IL -. 3",/0.j - K 10
.-- B ""iloH 41'1'>110''')1. r:; 0."7/ Wj4"
""0" J4f,: p.'''''':''J ./PIo,Ittrd... CiJIo'r
.,. 4,.,.". _ L .. /t dt',.,I-1'o ..
... x,Ya-, ,X.Y, .. / j }(,,>t-o; X ... Y,_I
}(,Y,-/; x"y.ao; f,y .. _,;
111-.8 #/ nlu.irc sw;-IJ,,'''J
#z. """-s A. UI' Iily o lIIi-H.slw.Nl "''''*''eW(, k1.Ju-/'cr.,., ,
rl"'p'" FiS"" I ....
IT.... ,;,"'. PI+. f,
8 .. ,. D. 1\- AI,.., -I4c. ./nt. (B ... slid,'
JODe r. + H, 11'( SKID-')

,

1+.11
_
9$-SIl./0' I
4'''/0-' -
.'. I= 4Z33.4/1_ 4.23 A
I ''''j II
= ?)

,
.,uj,eJt1A
/.O()pI t 5rlIDO_ H.".o.2e.,.H,XAI -. - - _ .... -. (1)
i.
DIl
f'll: 0 .. H,.Z.'II, ____ .@
tP# ,uH,'rl( /IC ('IC ID"')
... 1'(,- 4-H,*H,-(T/U".,)H, -4.H7H,- ..
,"".U . 4.,.( (]) I.", <P
5
D
o-(,.28"'4.4'7.,..D,'.6")"'1 qHI.-!"Si -33/
7.''''.1''. SfI,D.S-
-'. 8,.:!'-I-I, ... 'DOlC47frlul"" a.USS wll/h" (}J'tI/.. -,u.JI,= tv""-
a-o .. - 0.$' ..... 1/,... ... -vL Ha-s.../p..-O.S/u..
,., ... , .. * 8.
k
(,JIVO-
4
) I;: (8,+11. 'If q. 6.-
81.u.u" "I Hot.,. 8,-81. 8.-_8,
S;"" 8;".;,. - l3 i .... q "0 -IS .. - .. +H
6 , /-
B, - T - -i=. D. t.S W'Y_" .... H,- o.25"/.u.
Fro- Z" 3()CI - J.I ..
:. 3OoI" =

10
:. I - .. 8.32. A
H-O
20
30
40
60
70
eo
90
100
I11AGE
FOR 1-1 TO 5
J=l-I
B=(1000-.121*H)/3978.9
H=(25815.47-(129360.27-(354706.29-(447912.425-214034.26*B)*B>*B)#.B) tB
PRINT USING 20;" ORDER-",J," B-",B," (Wb/m**2) Hz .. ,H," (AIm)"
NEXT I
END
ORDER-
ORDER""
ORDER-
ORDER-
ORDER-
o S- .251 (Wb/m**Z) H- (AIm)
1 B= .179 (Wb/m**Z) H- 2090.4 (AIm)
2 B= .188 (Wb/m**2) H= 2127.8 (AIm)
3 s- .187 H- 2123.0 (AIm)
4 8= .187 (Wb/m**2) H= 2123.6 (AIm)
ftE..
" ().DDS + 1-1 .. )( D. III-/S_IOO -ISDO ... B _ 0./1.1 N'l/IC,u.
"'. c.",.,s
e/)= ISDDIt,ITrl-IO"/o. ct1S - (). 377 .,.. H'J;'300D
st,'= (ISCO-C./2/'t1..3000)KIITII./OYl1,t,OS = 0.%8' .. H
M
C. Fff_ "fIVe 1 1'1)
/j (j) "4./21 'It I( 4N/O'V IoS- - D.l'S .... 1-1 fa), '-'OD (F,...... J;;gtJ.f'& JI./.,)
G,.,.pAic..L H -0, B - O. '17" J B - D. 2 H. (1$0()- !t!-- 0.1>11$")/4../21 - S820
... 8'* 0.' ""y,.,a
55
Problems
468
I,
d.
CirCtJilS
v
15 EIcc:troquasistaUc Field.
1f18ur. 15 Poynting', theorem fOf quasi-
Italic flflkiL
p - - Ii ria . IE x HI - Ii do . ((V<I') x HI
-1IJ, rlV" . II"") x H) - 1IJ, rlV,, I" x I .. Hl .. " x HI
- -.ff dV V . (<I!V x H) - - f1 do IIlV x II
- -#do "(1 + ~ ~ )
Ignoring the dispIHct!lUt!nl current iJDli)t. we find
N ,
p - - #do. "1-S V.[ -1l.. do .1)-~ V.I.
where I. represents the currenl nowing into the volume through the surface
An. whose surface normal is pointing outwArd. Thus, we have established
thai the circuit theory's concept of power input is valid only when the
displacement current is negligible.
15.1 Considllr lilt! short-circuited parallcl plate shown in FigurA PIS.I, wilh wiuth w.
length t and separation o. Find the zeroth-, fil'llh secondo, and third-order electric
lind magnfllic fields. Show tll&llhe sum or the quaslslatic solution is equal 10 Ihe ruil
wave solution as presented in Chapler 6 for II IIhort-circuit Il'I:Insmission line. Assume
that the current at 1. _ 0 is 1fl) _ I. t:os(loIl) and thot a ll fields are funcllons of I and z
only.
15. 2 Calculate the tolal 7.f!roth-ortlt:r stored e lectri c energy In the parallel-platA rAgion
shown in Fi)!ure 15.1. What is the zeroth-ordAr IIIOfflci ma)!netit: enef1lY in the some
region?
15. 3 Calculate the total first-order slored magMlic eneTtO' in the parallel-plate region
shown in t-igurfl 15.1. What is tilt: first-order stored electric energy in Ihl! same
volume? Ot!note Um. the maximum 10la1 fil':lll-nml!r lItored ma)!IIt:lic energy in the
c Fields
. rface
ished
, the
th w.
eclrlC
e lull
slime
lod z
_'8iun
"'me
Iglon
oma
I the
Problema
469

,
,
--
!

1-1 .--- .- -
,
11"1.",. P1S.1 A PIU'llllel plate whh ,horl.
r.ll'f':ull CUfrenT , - '. CUll 1",11 at z _ O.
region nnd the maximum lotal zerothorder stored electric energy in tht: sume
vol1lme. Show Ihat
V'I'
H"_V,lk.r
J
15.4 Calculate the 1011:\1 second-order Siored eleclric encflO' in tha parallel.plate rCl!lion
shown In Figure 15.1. Comparc il with the 7,ernth-order stored electric Anergy. If\? is
O.V, 10111!1. whllt clln you say aboul the relolivtl of the zeroth-ordel' !>Iored
fllecl rlc energy. the firsl-onler slorM mllsnetlc energy. and the second order slored
electric enATS}'?
15.5 Find Ihe total zerothonltlr slured alfl(;lric lind magnetic energies in II parallel plale
with 1:1 !>hort-circuil current I - I, cos(OOI'llit ;t - 0 [rAfer 10 Problem 15.1) .
t5.a Find the higher-order stored flleclric and magnetic energies in the parallel.plale
reMion shown in Figure P151 up to the thim omltr. If P _ O.IA. compare Ihtl relativA
magniludcs of thtlse stored energies Use the 10lal U!roth-ordar stored magnetic
energy fOllnd in Problem 15.5 for comparison.
15.7 A coaxial line 'melers lanK is filled WIth II mll lerial char.1cteri;ted by f I:Ind 11. The
radii of the innAr lind the outer conductors artl U I:Ind b. rp_'1pectively. The voltage
between Ihe coaxial conductors is VI r.0I11"," . !'Ind the
field 101, IhA r.urrentl
lOl
, the charge Qt-I, ano thtl fint -order currenll' lI. Express
in terms or tht: pl:lra melers VI ' fl, n, ", t, 6, and lol l
15.8 Two cunr.flnt ric spherical e lcctrodtls or radii fl and h, respcct ively, urA filled with a
material choracltlrized by f and 6 The voltage iJt!tween Ihe e lectrodes is V, cos IOOI'J
Find Ihe 7.erOlhorder clect rut.jul:lslstatir. field ,.; ... , the currell t I t-1,lhe charge QIOI. ilno
the first-ord er current/ III Express IheSt! in Iflrms or V" a. b. t. 11. tlud wi .
t5.a Show Ihatlhc time nt:eded 10 r.harge a Van de Craurr Me neralor shown in FigUl"t!
9.241:1 with radius It to a maximuill VOIiH8f1 of V .... by applying a dm'1!inl!l r.llrrent I
is equal to bl. RV ... .I1. Calculate Ihe chal'gin)! tillle I if H _ I m, V, .... _ lind
I - lO 'A.
IS. 4-
Itt): I.cOJwt.

CIIAPTeI!
... J(-IJ-
SIJ.
O
I,..,.,., -Me
;.1i(.1. -r{;'.'lIJt
V1I. Ell). -/iu.R'e, ...
pO).o
2",1 tJrdcr: i i-' (')
U'I) 3
V1I.ijiJ)_ftEE(" a::> ) . GIHl.IJt ... H('. Y{;.ll.lW1.! '''J.wt.
3ni "rJe,.: vxEtII"-Ap.Rm ...
y
( .. gtUe
;:;"'_ ()
:. E - wp.s/nwr(1 -.;; .. .... ) --i-!T-r . J si,,(.oU)
H" -Y!:'-.5Wf: (1- fw!u( ....... ) - -9fJ
L. pIt .. np"l..I-, .,s J &. - ;. 'l (e
j
,,- e i
i
) IJNt il .. y z...t (ejl,+ e i4" ) ; "lbU&
_ ....
tJrL <Hoe. 4// W&i'& 60'-'"" 1-D 4. - LI .. ( .
E(O). -; C(lJ.wt I R(). 0
ch{. iffE(eJif')Jtr - - 4J1J. U:'.o
-0 H(". -y"
'" ..1.1.
ut) =0 U!". tfU.H'!JRMtt .,.. _ :t
F"",-o +/I. nsu It ,,' PlPb/" .... !!:.!.., Clj;: _ v.:L.
u:::' w'lt.
I
()L'V.
2
q. _ ('"':zt
1
(.rtl )1''1,t.yl II: .; = i( IIL)2-
EO); X * _
ui''!U;') t6 .. (hit .. u,c;.'ju,C:1 A.
,of .ted, I).., . D.Z""
.. -. u::':/uf-:'. ";(4Lf- f(Pozrr )1.. 0.13
U:;/t.Jt.
'
.. O,O()?S
u;u_ 0) )Z:t,QSlwt 1
U:" .. 0) U;' - ff (f"!l(' .,. w;ll {II r.
J
S;"'l4It 1.',,,., .. w (e.})1 r.'f':"lJt
() J _ z.,'usJ.,..t I.A. Z.'Jf o.J+::" if
u.(J).O wt,1 z4Jt
If L 7.2. I!l/. ru "" ... u,
ij lD,IA., Id.-IfJ.d./J..".ur
V
",/"t.) '( l' ,
''''I 1,,1 .... "'. TIL) ET(0.2") 0./3
U':;" = /;(.1). toe
- z:,(A.lf -m(tJ.l1r)'. Q.()(JOO',*
Ef t-"'!p .;.. +A- j:j;i:f
F.(.' Vac.s",t ... ].e" fe' y-V.(4t$,.,t
., ,. - fJ.,tC'/ .. ) f - 1'"",,'7 .. >
r
l
" t TJ'" A I
2"4 . ..". If ... 2T4.,. 4.Lc.)&) - 2."Itt-'V"CASwt .. )
Q(". 2Trtt..L l E;-'I, ... '& !1i'G:3 - ;ttf.il. V. ",jwej , 0/ .. )
tt' JlllfJ
I II: n-. - 2'1fw,L V.S;"wt/ .. )
56
IS
57
510 16. Magnll loqualiltaUc Field.
Solution: from 116.721. Wt! find
2 .0: 4. X 10 1 )( 2 X to} x 2 x 10
1
X 1.0
,.' ... 1 - - 64 X 10
1
N
... )( 0.5
- tl.5 1Ilt!lric tons
Problems
18. 1 A 911lull circular loop of 5 mm radiull ill placed I m IIWd)' from il 50-Hz power line
The voltage induced on this loop is measured al 0 fj mir:rnvolt WhallS the currt:nt on
power linc?
16. 2 Assume thai the Cllrrent on the infinitely long line shown in FiS1ITfl 16.1 IS the
Iria ngull1r pu]:re shown in Figure PI6.2. "'I ncllhe Induced un the rectangula r
loop. Usc the foll owing rl::llll : U - Z em. b _ 4 em. and d _ 1 em
18.3 Consider the network shuwn in Figure P16,3. The magneTic flux is al II
nllil of 0.5 Wb/s in Ihc direction pnlnling int o the IHlf)tlr. Find Ihe readings of thc
voltmeters shown.
1S.4 Find the readings of the vullmtl tt:rs shown in Figure VI 6A. Thll mAgnet ic nux is
increlillilll( al a ratc of 0.5 Wb/s In the directlnn poinlinl( int o the paper.
, ,
PI.",. "16. 2
=
d.
oe
00
he
I"
I ,
he
;,
v,
Problem I
511
~ - - - - ~ kQ ---.......
I p;!
PI
I
I
0'
-+
I
, lO
/ \
I
(000\
I
\ 00 I llO
I
\ 0 In
" /
\ J'>,
\
././ "-
\
./ "-
./ "-,,-
P3 HO p.
Flgur. P11.5
U5.5 Four resistors form R circuit 8S shown In I,"gure P16.5. The total magnetir. flux
linking thA circuit is increasing at R rale of U.5 Wbls. In the direction pointing out
of thtl papor.
(a) Find the dirt:(;lion and magnttmle of the induced current in the circuit.
11>1 Find the readings orlhe \IO]lmclcrs VI and V
l
.
18.& Two resistors are conlloctoo by wires to form 8 circuil as shown In Figure
P16.6a. The magm:tic flux linking the circuit vorios with lime. Figure P16.6b
shows the time variation of the 1l1ltKilCtic flW(, The positi", value of the flux
curresponds to the flux dirt:clOO into the pHper. The mognitude of the flux is
for a lingle turn of 8 circuit loop Ihal flncircltlll the magnetic flux.
"0
(a) Plut the current/tl) vtlrSUlJ time. Bo sure to mRrk tht: scale orthe curNlnt.
(b) Piol the voltage V(I) vcrsus time. Mark the scale.
r----------,
I 1111 I
I
I
HOO VIII
0.'
I
I
I I L- _______ __ -l
{-I
Figur. Pte.'
,t{WulJcrs'
,
"I
512
16 Magoe luqullli.tat ic Field.
18.7 What illlhe EMF induced on a propeller hlade 111111 is 1.& m long and is rotating al
10,000 rl min in the earlh's magnetic field (0.5 x 10 I Wb/ m' f'
18.' Find the volta)!!: induced in the rectangular loop shown in Figure 16.1 If it 15 rotating
"wu! thc axis parallel tn Ihe z Itxis located at x _ d .,. AAAlIrnfl thai the angular
frequency of the rotation is", and Ihallhe infinitely 100M wire carries a direct currenl
of I IiIllj)efCS Show that IhA Induced EMF is not a pure sinusoidal voltase. It is
approximately !'inusoidal when d ,. 0
18.8 A magnt:!ti c core is made of a mllleriAl whuse hysteresis loop III "hown in Figure
P16.9. Noto that thill hysteresis curve is not a MsqU8r8 To read the content of
the core, two pubes arc applied 10 the wirfUI . The currents gonerate an J I equal 10
200 AJm. Thccore hasan liMa of3 x lU 'm
2
.
( a) What is the voltage induced in tht: sensing wire if the corA originll.l1y III the
"zero" .o;la!f! (at point C)? Assume that swtlchlng from C to A is linear with time
IIml !hat it is completed In a micro.!JflCOIUl.
(b) What is the voltage imJucoo in the sensing wire If thA t:Ort' is originally 01 Ihe
"one" stllle (at point AJ? Assume that .o;wlh.: hinl( {"om A 10 A' is linear wi th lime
and thnt it is comptAtoo in U.5I/-s. This voltage is Ihe it
would ideally be zero if the hysteresis loop were tI IJt' I'fecl square.
S#lTlslng wire
Flgur. P11.t t'erntll t;ore OIemory Ilnd III

- 200
,.,
'z;.:;.-.
0.20 .......
"
100
- 01
- OJ
H (WIlOOI' ""r lIqU<I
A'
------
A
100 200 H
C
rll meter)
(omperes
per mf'ler)
18.10 Find the 10Ial expanllion fOfCtl acting on the surface of lin IIlr-core solt'noid that has
100 lurn.o; of coil and radius 0 - 1 em, length 1/ - 10 t.:ln, lind currenl l _ 10 A.
t t1 HAptlll.t Prublem 16.10 for the CMIA in which 100 turns of coil are .... ,ound OVt'f II.
(ueromagnetic core with II- - 100011-0' The current hi 10 lilA, with 0 _ 1 em and
f - 10cm.
t8.12 A r:npper IJipt: of radius 0 - 2 cm and Ihkkness d ... 0.1 em Is placed In a IIOIf!noid that
has 200 turns per mAtflr and is t'xcitcd by n 1000 I ll. 10A r:mrenL Thtl conductivity of
the cOPllPr is 5.92 x 10
7
mhol m Ca1culatA the POWt'f per meter dissipaled in Ihe
copper pipe.
t S. 13 A tran . forlllt'r similar to Ihe one shown in Fil!lure 16.11 is made of a steel with relative
IJCrmeability equal to 1100. The effective length of the core I! 40 em. and Ihe flU)(
density III B - 0.3 WhI m'. Nl - 100, N, - 1,000, I , - 60 A,
(a) Find I ., assuming that the transformer 15 an Ideallrnnsfofmer.
( b) Find I ,. using 116.37}.
( e) ComPQre the two an.w/ers.
ltie Fields
-olating at
is rotating
e angular
-ct current
tage. II is
in Figure
;ontcnt of
, equal 10
Ill)' at the
with time
Illy 1:11 tht!
with time
JeC8USll it
Ur<! meier)
jltmpere!
IJ'l'r rn..,tO!r]
1 !hlt! hCll>
\
lei over a
) cm and
noid Ihal
Ictillity uf
in the
relative
[ the nux
-
Problems 513
11. 1. Con!\ider II magnelic circuit lIilllilar to the one shown in Figura 10.11. The efree-
tivtlltHlMlh of the core is 0.4 m and its permeability is 2000 I'U' The cross-sectional
area of the core is4 x '" lOA, 12 - 24A,N\ ... 50.and N
z
_ 20.
{al Caicu18te the B field in the coro. Give both the direction and the mllgnllu.nA.
(h)
flux always staYI iUlhe core without any leakage.
t8.1s The primary coil of II trAnsformer has 150 turus lind the secondary coil has 450
turns. The errectiV6 lCIlMlh of the core is 0.5 m ond the flux density in the core is
0.25 Wb/m
2
. The transformer is similar to the nnA shown in Figure 16.11 .
that J 1 ... 60 A ann there is no flux lettkllMe.
(0) Find 1
2
, Ilssuming ideal transformer r:nmli t ion.
(bJ Find V
2
, assuming ideal lransformtlr condition and V I - cos(120wtJ.
(el Find 1
2
, taking into consideration that the core materi al has a finite permftahit.
ity equal to
(dJ The hysleT6!'1i!'l loop of thtl core material has Illl area equal to 90 Wb-A/ml.
Willit i!l the power loss due to the hysteresis in the tran!'lformer1 A!'Isume that
the core has a cross-sectionAl Are/! Aqua\ to 4
18.18 Figure P16. 16 showlI/! magnetizl:ltiull curlle of a core used in a transformer. Notice
thttllhtl hystere!lis is negligible in this case and that the curllA Is linear in the ranse
o I H I 150 AIm but salural!Ki when H is incrtll:lyed beyund this nmge. Lei us
now review Example 16.10. BllCll Use I VI I - wN
t
"+, we want to tll\e mllximum "+ in
order to minimize the number of coils in the Irllnsformtlr. UyiUK Figure P16.16,
explain whll l will happen to the shtlpe of the '1'(1) and consequently to the shape
of VI(tl if 'I' is too high- for example, if "+ is 50 high liS 10 cOITespond to B _
1.2 Wbfm2.
18.17 Estimate the approximllili power loss attri buted to hysteresis in the ferrite core
shown ill Figure P16.9 if the core is switched back and forlh between W"lftmM and
"oue
M
states 1000 times in a second. Assume that Ihe core has I:In IIl1erege redius of
6)( 10-
4
m and Ihllt itscross-sectiOIlHI area is 3 x 10 -
7
m'.
1.0
05
- zoo - 100
B Iwebers per meier)
100 ZOO /ilamperes
per meter)
- 0.5
-1.0
Flgur. P11. 11
18.18 Show that the mecha ni ca l lorque required to drive an ac gener::Hor is nol constant
with time or, 10 he eXllct, that il consists of II (;onstant limn lind a term Ihat varies
sinu:wit.il:llly with timt;! with an angular fr!XIucncy lw. What is the time average of the
torque? Express the torque in te rms of the Mila of the winding A, tht! currt!nt I , the
magnlilic nllx density B, and tltt! phastl angle" between Ihe voltage and the current.
Plot T as a function of t for tt - O.
514 16 Mtlgnetoquasistatlc Fields
11. 18 Fi)lure 16.15 depicts an <Ie gtmeralor with (I single oolll>fling rulilleu in a constant
mtlgnell c fiflld. It illustrates Ihc operating principle or Ii single-phase ae generator.
Let us nuw consider <I three-phalW! flC generator How would you physically (mooge
three sets of coilll in oruer to generate Ihree-phillWl p.Jeclricily? To illustrate your
design. lIKelch Ii diagram similar 10 Figure 16.15.
tl.20 WhAI is the lulBlmcchanical tOrqu8 naeded lu dri\IQ tho three-phRSfi generatur that
you hove designed for Problem 16.19? Expross this torqllA liS 8 function of time in
terms of the appropriele parameters. Pi al'/' AI II ruuctiuu of timo, and compatfl it
wilh that obtained in Problem 16.18. 15 tho \nslantRnooU8 1Ilt!Clllmical torque
"smoother" [riDe!! its time-averago value Aucluale ll:!ssj compared witn that for R
"lngle-phllsl:! Htmerator?
11.21 Design a coil configuration similar to the one shown In Figure 16.17. Desig" it [n such
a WllY that it will produce a rotating magnAtic field in the armature-slator air gap and
that the field will haVA an anguillf speed equal to w/ 2 when fflf.l with the 3-phase
current "hown in Fixure 16.18. Prove Inal your is correct by draWing
inHtlllltlilleous-currenl diagrams .'Iimilar 10 those shown in Figure \6.17.
18.22 Show qllalilativtlly thai the torque genera led by an induction motor may be varied by
chlm)ling the resistance ('If IhA windlllKS of the rotor Figure 111.2 \ lorque
cllrves versnll v,lv, wilh three different values of rotnr conductivities. What are the
fflillt ivtl lllllgnitudes of "1' <J r. a nd (1.?
11.23 Refer 10 InA If}'nchrunollS molar shown In FigurA 16.22. What happens when the
tOfllUt: angl e is negative-that i.e;, when the position of Ihe rOlor magnAtic-moment is
ahead of Ihe magnetic field?
11.24 Consider Ihc colis of Ihe magnepllllltl's track shown In VlgurA 16.25. For the
magneplane 10 travel lit a speed of 250 kmlh. what IIhould btl thl:! distance 2, in
melAl'II? AssulIle that the power Is providAd by a thrl:!l:!-phose SOHz power line,
App.
Sym
A
A
II

C
o
01'. ,
d.
E

r
F18. (
I
I,
e
H
I
/
/.
i
k
k
k,
I C. ,
c )
-
i..Jw4Jl VPLt...JL l>p A,I,A1 iJ V. v
t...-... t "".uc A,A,A, i.
..

!iV, P, ,
?, r ... t; v. P,
If 109f \I" P.,. P, V'" :
EMF .-% ..
lit
llt): EMF/ loiJl.
I "1).SIc JH.f'-"1:r) to,.,A in .,.A&
... o.,,.v
V, c - r .. 4,s'A.-a/S' V
al,.,V- v,-V, ..".. V.-v,-V--O.JSV
u.lftltcul. vaJ;t.t ... 4-tJ 4-,. ,I,A,I, ;.
.. t M. 1..'1' ,', I_ .,..r -rr ... A
V,-ZM'1.:f'JCn-O. v,.,:_'?$'_ e.G ...
-.u..." ..(....., U& h.p ;J V .... D. S Y
... V' - ... V, .. -0.2 Y'
/NiMIU wa.., ... ""'-j 1-,- A,4,A+"s i, v"'. D.r ...
:. v"'-r-.,.srn-v
l

o :: 1/, + o. /l-r + o. or
....
V, :. - 0, )./' II
- o. ,t , 1/1. r o,,\.r v,. = _ D . h,t \I
olt ( . J X ( .... ",
I.f a (/. 1-
I.r < t , l.
t .t

-_. hi'" V
I
(.
&,/Vff' EkF v( Y- .. 4tf'" .. ..J
EMF'_///t)+ 7(/0) ZitI
....
r
",t)
,
tl$r(O<&"f )
0
I 1
-)
58
....

11:.1 rw i dl .. tfStl.r - .. .. iwer'. iX.1f)(IO .. t;ItD. .. "'v
At -t , -tAt. tlVI.!Jlc,. ,. tfJ-t IUV/. J. I
d ... -f -+,",S..-t:
d'-a/. tL .. ... tCOJ.wt
:. 1'. p .. )' / ' '''4jc.. -u, .u.p d "to .... .,. "l!-
i. l" - -i!b). ::
v=-;: . :Of bI.;...s ...... ... t;"..,tJ'J
I.4r h QtJJ(d+ U .
- "iir (d'-f).. (II .... )' ... Wt
.', I-t/Mlul ",../ i, 4. ' i" .... ,iAAL ",u-.,c.
4,t i4 J"I't .. I/c..
/ 6 'I ( 4) F"f)I't, C.,. A JAB: a". M/...,1
. .. ... .dM __ 61""
u tJ
-f' ....... ,JV
" 4T" / "/0" V
(bJ Ft __ At-A; 458 . D . .,2 ""./ .....
- .1&1 , /e Je/!'" V
.. -.......-r.-- __ 0.0'2-
r


.15


l W",. II 'T4
'
1.; F- .. l (J;;l .. 40"'1( (), ,.fN
!.i:.l1 P (if!-) .... ,,'" 11.1"'11 /- 0_ 3fGII.ID-
J
ItI
.!!!:..B Frp,.. < PJ>/i .. (" .. " .. ) I ..,.4.." No ""I .. -Z4f)O "''''''
Tr'fIJI _ ,r- tJ." Z 1( f) . DDI" S. tlll./oT.
Wtl.I.I _ H. /'Z. - tt.Dl. "- 2()()t)/Z. (J, I.?',
1AJJ,l. Ir":"/ : .. .'0" II. DZ_ " , ""IIz. 4 . .
. ', (f"'>1l - ,-'" ,).. {o. ,,?}'. 4,oSil ""/,...
- u , ,,,{tI,,?#-)'
(4.) N,I,-"z-I,,'" ,,..
(b) (l1. . s..,) .. N,I,-AJz,I, -1P.L"uA)" ':>" . tt... 81
I" _
.-. II Riii!;;l'OO'llllD-8"'t}- S..,A
(C') Mr.-Hz-I, " .. S(lOtI:( ric. J.4.
lD.) - IJ, = HI
S.o -{Jlo:: ,.., , V -') k.,ro ..... 0 = lO"O = . p.' wl./
ttt
1.
\ll J "01 '" iJ, w'"i- ( c/"K ",,'J' )
=
o ,r II'
"
= />.1/
W,
V
h -.,r= .. JI
59
,,, )
(I )
(t)
V:a.lv, =-- KIlt, -+ v:a,
/J,l, -/J.t. =HI.(O/A).l
+h:I. :lro:-6o- , . It''x ,.r!r / ..... ",.,/0.
7
) .
r, ; ".7' 1\
(J) l' = . r]to ; , . 1'"
(,,...,_. J flr.,w,,,,,,



S
7.r Cd (lhU)
_-'-_-1-_-'-__ t
- Hcll-l
."
+----t-H

(.)U (I'fl).
"TIt . slope. oj '1m, "'" v,ttJ, ",;u. 6. ""Io,toA.
.1 .. i. -I- "'14..
Fret- "",lOre. Y'",7 J .tJ.BH" _ 1<#-4- jill'll
,", We 1+4.." 27r-''-''' leJ <I-". 3_,o-7c /.'Z.'1IC IC-"j
, ." ., 1
$,;",e 1000 r, ..... $ pt-r S"""''''. '10 .. C. I.3-vv
!!L Frc,.. (1'-, $() , r c It BX CDSb ... rJ.) - C .. ,_ ... e.1 (J'-It .t>j
<r> = A:r coS.c. ,4... .. _0 I T _ A:r [''''CPs(2wt)j
O)

"-----''';1''----;:-----'----'''t
,-\ 7
5
N
60
I
r. t!:r [!CtlJ.t. ,,.,4,,. tL) + CDJ (36J't +ti 010 Z4D). CDse Iltllt .. wI.+IU- J
A:I (3e.$-'.+ "CO$ (11D-)(AS(Jwt+.(0I0/U) +UJC Ju4
A:r j4:r (IUJStA.J we.
Tl.e __ o)
,
c
a.'
1". 22 Fro_Oj.,.,), (1'"(1-11';/."..) - Ad./t ,J,t. V, > r., ,nI>)':_'''" w,..,,, ... .
Fir l.rJv r; (1- fI;/V;) .... U J" s .... &.11.,.", tn" v,../JIi ,J. .JJ.. dose,.. t. I .
FI'PAo I-rJHrl. I' . J ..,A,,.. v;./II; cloa -h I, Ii 1>1& II Ij .
,b.ll r-i 4. Se,,1.rca.t:;,...
11" - z50 ""'/lIr - ,,9. U- ""h
it ""'I"': v/; '''ff/'D. /.Is7_
61
Appendix E Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
l , l(a) 5t;3 (b)ll+ j (C) -26+;2 (d) 2.2 j t.41.3 r.olwl;sin wt;1
1 . 5 !: 2
114
0. ''') 1.7Proof t.9 (a) .Jicos (WI (b)4 cos(wl + 0.6)
(e) 3 cos ( WI ... ... 4 cos{wL ... 0.6) 1.11 lal - GI ... 59 ... 21
(b) - lOR -t 139 - 4.t (e) -55 {dl Zlt -t 229 I 141 1.13 Proof
1
1.15 89'" zt) 1.17 Proof ollliltild 1. 19 Proofomttl&d
v9'
1. 21 Proof omitted 1.23 iwllJ -14) t ... 8(1 ... Jlt] 1.25 lal( - 1 ... j:l)9 ... (1 ... j3)
t (b)2:t+/1-119+(1+J1t (e) 5 (d)4t - Il +j3)1.( - 1+j3)t 1.27
Sketch umittod
2.1 - 6yt 3x
2
,.6z 2.3 Proof 2.5 Proof 2.1 No 2.9 B{y,tj .. O.3(Ie/w) cus
(loll t icy) I: 2.11 1 ... E
z
HI + Hz 8
1
t 8
2
and OJ ... Dl I IUptlrposilion theorem
2.13 Proofomiued 2.159 )( E . 1..., 8, V)( H _ r - ;",0. V' B .. OandV' 0 ..
P. 2.11 Proof omitted 2.191, f: 2.11 prooromittcd 2.23 .. 1.13 x 10'
3.1 3.6)( 10
II
" Wlm
2
3.54.1 )(10
13
km 3. 7(a)rtu.llloc (b)m-
'
(el ll8c - ' (d) soc (e) III 3.9 (al 2.63 m (bl 0.704 m 3.11 Yos, f direction.
- .1 3.13 No, MRxwell's equations not satisfied
v /Ag!, _ 2 .uo
Rixhl-hand circular polarl7.11f1on (b) Rixhl-ha nd circular polarl7.11lion
(e) Loft-ba nd elliptical polarization (d) Linear poiafi7.Atlon fi ,!.pruof
omitted 3.19 (61) 1 (hI 1 (c) 1.58 (d) 2. 12 3.211.34 )( 10- ' m, aluminum foil is
aoout9.5thick 3.23 2. 65mW/m
2
3.25(aIE._c- o.h e -I'u. (bJII .. f(o.5 - ;o.5)
0- 0-,. e - /I.I51 Ie) Skfttch omitteu (d) Sket ch omi tted 3.270.6)( lU e In
4.1 61.9
0
.4.3 (II c (iI) r (iii) b (Iv) a (v)d (vile " .5 Yes. ci rculaf shape,
0.30' on each surface [0 il{ the !ensth of t=ach side of Ihe cube,) " .7 hevelled tin,lj!e
- 35-; , 1 .
mirror making 70- with i: axis; i polarized 41 . 1 Eh 1- '21 f' .. lIl - t= .,., c ... I.
11::
11
1- +e-pucil;,' I.IEhl_OSII-:' llt - e-.a' le -",..,.".I Ebl_ ;'!
1,.;. 11 1 + ... 11(a) 9t, (hI 75MHz
520
ChapterS
Chapter.
Chapter '
Chapter
+ J3l
",7

em
).
: 10
7
I)m-
I
'.
,n
I foil is
- jO.5)
Ingle
r,
60
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Answlln to Odd-Numbered Problems

-Pllt: ttl
4.13 cos-' ...,t"", .. - p , f,l cos I
' Ilp! - p! )
4.15 lal 80 cm in front of the plate
(b) 2V/m 4.171 9'.)61r..1
E' _ Ii c058 - .f: lIinS) H,.qe ,.- . H' - ;-1 .."-
E' _ Ii cos/J + f sinS) ".-., ..-. where" -
4.Z1 x .. 0.87 m. y .. 1.5m, 12.04t!1I 4.Z3 Proof omitted
5.1 proof 5.3 1.875 kHz 5.5 E - i: H .. - 9 c'". J .. -
E.,
-f.-alb:
E on lower platt!, J ... i c
IU
on upper plAte 5.7 89.33 kW

5.9 proof

521
5.11 5.26- 10.52 GHz for 2.85 x 1.2ti2 (em) wavogulde. 21.1-42.2 GHz for 0.711 )(
0.355 (crn] waVAguide 5.131.318 MW
5.15 Ey _ E\ sin (uJ(JJflk.. 5.170 .. tAn - 'lnnlmbl 5.195.83 CHz
sin (rxlo) elk,.
H ... U cos (rxlaJe'k.. 5.21 Proof omitted 5.Z3 (0.866, 0.5. 2)
whcrok. _lw
2
III _1 ... 10)21
112
V
5.25 proof omitted 5.Z7 A _ 4.93:i of 7.469 - :It 5.Z9 (II) I I - P ....!e-
ik
,.,
,
Va jI."a 2rV
o
_
Jh
8.12000V 6.3 (al lo
l
) .. (u,lbJ ...... 1000 6.5 I.- t - C ,I - --e

8.7(8) IV{zll - 2 I V.llcoskz l,l l{zl l"
(bl Sketch omitted (c) QI:I 6.9 t_}2.96 (b) z .. - 0.35).. (c) 24.5%
8.110.342)" 6.13d _ 0.2Scm 8.15(_)1.26 t ;\.61 {bI0.54 (cll
8.17 (a) 0.67 + ;1.33 (h) 0.15 jO.09 6.19 I'roar omitted 8.2114.2 kW
6.Z348.6'lb 8.25 Sketch omitted 6.27 Sktltch omitted 6.29 Sketch omitted
8,31 Proof omiH9d
7.1 (0.75, 0.433. 0.5) 7,3 Proof omitted 7.5.t 6 .. cusO coS<P. i . .. - t . r
.. sinS sin>. y . 6 coshin>,9 . ;, - COSIP, t . r cosO, f. . B - - sinS, i . .. 0
7.7 Proof omitted 7.9 Yell, imlJrovcd to 18% 7.11 I! _ (_ P) jkJaz'le-Ib.
."
lineAr 7.13 (8)0.314 Vim (b) 0.028 Vim (cIa VIlli 7.15(8) 1 (b) 1.5
(c) 1.ti4 1.17 Six lobes: beAm width . 19.2 olong41 .. 0; beam width .. 2ti.4
010ng>_41.8 7.190=4 7.Z1Sketchomilled 7.23(a)-!:IO- (b) 6: 1.414:0:
1.4 14 Vim (cl Sketch omitted (d) Skelr:h
8.1 Uw/U
E
- {krf 1 8.3 When bockground is dl:lrk, one sees light sr:attered by
the smoke particles. Blue light Is scattered \IIure strongly than red light. Against a
bright background. one Sflelllight IJl:Issing through tha arnow. The blue Iighlgelll
!lCaucrod. and r&d and yellow lights suffer llt!!1 scattering. 8.5 proof omittoo
8.7360 km in radius 8.9 Train lA movinK toword the inler'lection. 8.11 Band
width _ 59 kHz, 6.7 jd for t kUl resolution 8.13 Circuitlr but opposite hand
8.15 No
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
522
An.wen to OddNumbered Problems
9.1 Exact: la1 5.5302 x 10
l 0
y (bI 5.54244 x 10 Uy laI5.5426"
10
1
11y (bl 5.54256 ,,10'
u
V 9.3 x _ 1m plnne, y .. 1.5m pillllc 9.5 ( - PI
1.44 II 10'1
' I Vim 9.1 Prooromitted
9.9 SKtllCh omitted 9. 11 Cal (J L
40'll'th
(eI 0.2% 9.13 E .. 0 for r <
(0.0499) Y/m (bl (J .-!!.- (0.05) VIm
40nh
oandh " r < c. E .. '" r < c 9.15 10"
,r'
(2 _ e ' (? .. 2r t 21J (30-
1
1) lIint: I drt! '(1 -t- r)J? .. - e "lr
9.19 3 V. ind!!pondonl of path 9.11 (a) -.!L (bl IC1 .!L(1 t ! 1
b
)
4'11'te 4T,r: 4n r e
Idl .!L( l -t- ! 1) 9.23 lal 4.03 x 10-
8
G (b) 330 kV Ie) 0.4 rnA
4'11'l a e b
10.1 _ .! fj 10.3 1.8" N (allraclivt:ll 10.5 (a) 112.4'11' x 10') Vi m

(hl n)( 1.2'11',,10
a
N(repulsivtl) (e) No 10.70.36mm 10.9z .. '" 3. 14 cm
10.11 (a) Vo .. I.R74 X 10
'
m/ s. vo..- 1.867)( lO
'
m/s. vu - _ 0 .163)( lO' m/ s
(hI X(I) .. !S.78 )( 10
14
)11 - (0.163 x 10')1 Ill, :.:(1) .. ( I .Sfl7 x 10' )1 III (e) x .. - 3.52
x 10 4 m. z .. 3" lO'l m A ( tl -t- l2)
10.13 I' ruoromilted 10.15 5.3 x 10 10 farad 10.17 (a) d - ,-
<,Q .,Q 1[' , ]
(b) QI .. - - , Q, - - 10.19 2'11' -In !clu) -t- In (hIe)
t \ '(2 f)-t-f l f l t 2
10.214.97 x 10 A I 10.28 (a) ciSl2Afo (hI - (j/2Aco (allnclive)
11.1 . 3 .. . ) t <1>2 11.3'" - Yin (blp)lln (binI 11.541(6) .. Y
,
In ( 'lin i )1
. .. 11.7 12.3V 11 .9 Sketch omitted
1l .1l 17. 5(,IJ. F/ m 11.13 - Q{d' - a
2
}1(4Talo
l
+ rl
'
- 2ud coser"]
11.15 t _ -d' ) t q(o/d) I CJo. where fl, _II'" + d
'
_ 2rd c0s9)'IJ.
4Tt HI Rl 4l1'tr
(
" ",' )'" H, _ r l I d ' - 2 d case 11.17 IPrJ'/ 12rtfd - bll where d - cr/h,
11.19 (d/ olql/14Tfjd - bfl. where d - cri b, aUrar.li ve 11.21 200 slnI2'11'x/ u)
sin hI2Ty/ o)/ 8inh(2Tb/ ol
/
2::
- 1 [Sin\ nTx/ oj sinh(n'll' y/oj sin[nry/b1 !linhf nn/ b)l
]1.23 (400 '11') - + .
n sinh(nrb/ o) Innh(nTo/ bl
.-..
11 .2.5
V, ('
(-) (; ;) ;
_.! V!!:"'''- ' _
(e) 0"

V""
(d) Q
12.1 C .. A\,) -t- tJ/2d. C _ A{o) + cJ
l
)l2d; C in parallel wilh G 120.3 (_) lin {olp)l
I I'n (bIn) In (clb)]
(2To\t) Ibl lill (aJb)l(2'1fcJ
1
t) + lIn (blp)l(21rotl) (c) - ,
2"" 0 \ (11

Chal
ChI
ChI
ChI

Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
<,)
Chapter 16
Anlwers tn OddNumbeNNl Problems
523
tz.$O.92 x 10 ' mho/m 12.7100V
12.9 )C 100% 12.11 12.3 O m 12.13 Sketch omiltAd
jJl + oJ
12 15 p .. 600 C! _ 50 t 50 )
. y lts cll(y'" 6 - roY1J'f I pO - 7OrJ d)lJIIl d[(y ... + {7otl'!2j'
where d .. 1t70)2 ... V1
1I2
, fO .. t YI
I12
13.1 ! 2 .J2 fI{ .... b) 13.3 H .. (- Illy fur I y I < II .. ( - .tlJ(d/2) for Y ;::. d/2.
2
H ... J{d/2J fur y < (- dl21 13. 5 (a) 0 (bl I(l - (l2)/I2rP(b
2
- (II)] (cjIlZ,.-p
13.7(1I){ - t)fo{dyJ/14';uJ t y}lI'l] (b)( -I)U(4TO) (clQ (d)( tjll{4Tnl
13.9 Zo" T 0.270
13.11 HAll .. t 2!. 1
m
J dx 12
4..- -G [0 + Ih - xft
Hili.:" t
I b - a
4.
IICD .. H"D
arl
llI
HIM .. t Jib ... 1,1) I' <Ix
4..- __ II ' (b + 0)1)112
13,132.8MHz 13.15(a) x .. O.04rn,z. - O.OO725rn (b) - 20.S' 13. 17 1.33:0:
10" N/m Impulsive) 18.19 I.} Loop should be placed horizontally or vertically in
the Mst\WSt direction (b1 7. ISS)( 10) N-m (cl Vertically in nurth-south direction
I'
13.21 {II} H .Je.... (hI U
H
E- (eI 5)( 10 .
8
Him 13.28 2.14)( 10
2TlIt 16w
'" [ 1 c
4
In (db) c! c! + b
1
J
Joulelmeter 13.za - - + In (blu) z t - + t 1
2 ... 4 (c-h) c- b 4fc- h)
14.1 Sketch 14.30 21 weber/ fll
3
100 AI m 14.5 0.11 14.1 x,y, - 1.
X'Yl _ O. x,y, _ I. x.y. - O. x,)') 1. xlY) . 1. x.)'t - 1 14.!14.233A 140 .11
B.32A '4.13 0.29 weber/ m
t
15.1 [I" _ 0, 1-I1t) _ - Yl,cos(wl}/w. [1'1. il..,/oI7.lIin(wIVw. 0: - O.
Hill _ Y I fI-J' f/oi Hl t CQII(wIVw: I II - Hl Hl r sin(wIVw; K II - 0
15.3 uW _ ... l f l\1 sln1lwl) (i) owi. - 0 15.5 U':' - o.
I '
uw --.....; cos1lwtXwm!1
2w
15.7 v. cO!l(wtVIP In (b/ ull. l it) _ Z..-V",,, cos(wlj/ln ott)_
2 ... Vaf
i
cos(""tj/ln (bIoi. 1
1
'1 - 2 ... V tI""" sin[wlj/ln (bIoi 15.9 11.1 sec
16.1 101 A 16.3 VI 0.25 V. V
t
_ -0.15 V. V, - -0.25 V 16.5 rnA
(clockwise) (hi V,. 0.25 V; VJ - 0.625 V It1.7 58.9 mV
16.9(.) -O.llV (b) -0.012 V 16.11 0.395)( 10
l
N le.13t_1 6A (b) 5.91 A
16.15(1I)20A (b)33U cos {120..-tl (c)19.78A (d)1.08W 16.110.18mW
18.19 Sketch umitted 16.21 Sketch omi tted 18. 23 It b8C1l1l11:19 a generator.