5 TECHNOLOGIES THAT MAKE IC ENGINES BETTER

s. sanyasirao Mechanical Engineering Department, Gmrit college Bangarammapalem(vi);S.Ravaram(md);Vizag(dt) s.sanyasirao1@gmail.com Abstract In the long run, the internal combustion engine (ICE) is on the way out and electric motors are on the way in. They're going to stick around a while longer, and so it's very important to make them as efficient and clean as possible. At present, automobile industries are looking towards improving the performance of engines in the view of fuel economy, power output, emission control and ease in production etc. For effectively improve the engine performance the following five technologies are come into the world. Clean diesel, direct injection, cylinder deactivation, turbochargers, and Continuous variable valve timing and lift. This paper tells about the above 5 techniques, and how they make IC Engines better Keywords Clean diesel, direct injection, cylinder deactivation, turbochargers, and Continuous variable valve timing and lift. Introduction:

Figure: five technologies of IC Engines

1. Clean Diesel: Old diesels with impurities produced exhaust fumes with significant amounts of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (exhaust dust).By reducing these impurities to make clean diesel some advances are required.

Figure: clean diesel

Figure: particulate matter trap

Various advances such as the availability of ultra low sulfur diesel fuel, better catalysts and particulate matter traps, better control over combustion are making diesel engines cleaner.

Diesel engines have better thermal efficiency than gasoline engines, and they are usually more durable .Another benefit is that they can run on biodiesel. with low cost it is made from animal fats, waste cooking oils and vegetable oils such as rape seed, cotton seed and sun flower seed The latest diesel catalysts successfully reduce NOx levels. Particulate matter trap is used for remove ash and soot particle from exhaust and reduce pollution by make clean exhaust out. Ultra low sulfur diesel fuel contains low sulfur content reduce pollution. 2. Direct Injection: Direct injection is not new to the automotive world, only new to gasoline engines. It has been the standard in diesel engines for some time. It differs from standard fuel injection. Port-injected engines mix the air and fuel in the intake manifold. In direct injection, the fuel is mixed with air inside the cylinder .port injection needs some time for fuel mixture to reach cylinder from intake manifold. Due to time lag direct injection improves fuel efficiency and will generally yield more power when compared with a port-injected engine of similar displacement and design.

Figure: comparison of port and direct injection in petrol engine

At the other end of the spectrum is the power advantage. The direct-injected gasoline actually has a cooling effect on the cylinder, and engines breathing cooler air. This cooled gasoline and cooling air combines maximum combustion takes place can make more power. 3. Variable Displacement/Cylinder Deactivation: This feature is found on V6 and V8 engines A V6 engine is a V engine with six cylinders mounted on the crankcase in two banks of three cylinders, usually set at either a right angle or an acute angle to each other, with all six pistons driving a common crankshaft.

Figure: V6 and V8 Engines A V8 engine is a V engine with eight cylinders mounted on the crankcase in two banks of four cylinders, in most cases set at a right angle to each other but sometimes at a narrower angle, with all eight pistons driving a common crankshaft. For cylinder deactivation keeping the intake and exhaust valves closed for a particular cylinder. An engines displacement is the volume of a single cylinder multiplied by the number of cylinders. ICEs with this feature can simply deactivate some cylinders when less power is required, temporarily reducing the total volume of the engine cylinders and so burning less fuel. 4. Turbochargers: Turbochargers increase the pressure inside cylinders, cramming more air and allowing combustion to generate more power. More pressure means more power. This is why turbocharged engines typically make more than 100 horsepower per liter of engine displacement.

A turbocharger consists of two fans: one in the exhaust stream (called the exhaust turbine) and one in the stream of air entering the engine (called the compressor turbine). Exhaust gases leaving the engine spin the exhaust turbine, which is connected to the compressor turbine. As the compressor turbine spins, it squeezes the air coming into the engine and increases the pressure. 5. Continuous Variable Valve Timing and Lift: Automotive engines use valves to let air and fuel into a cylinder and exhaust fumes out. These valves are essentially small discs covering holes, called ports. When the valve is pushed away from the port, it allows air either in or out of the engine.. At 6000 rpm approaching the maximum engine speed in many cars each valve is opening and closing 50 times per second. Even at such stratospheric speeds, the timing, duration, and height of the opening and closing of the valves affect the power and fuel efficiency of an engine. Traditional construction methods are unable to alter this timing, but advances such as Hondas iVTEC have made it possible to vary not only the timing of the opening and closing of the valves but also the height to which they open.

Figure: Continuous Variable Valve Timing and Lift CONCLUSIONS: These 5 Technologies are the solution to produce more effective engines due to its advantages such as more fuel economy, more engine output, quick response and cleaner emissions. This technology can be equipped in upcoming engines with affordable cost REFERENCES [1] http://www.powershow.com [2] IC Engines by V.Ganeshan [3] www.Autozine.org [4] www.google.com [5] www.scribed.com [6] www.Wikipedia.org