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mappings Effects of metalization thickness Effects of dispersion Evaluation of losses S- and Y-parameters of the single coplanar line
Figure 12.1: coplanar waveguide line The characteristic dimensions of a CPW are the central strip width and the width of the slots . The
structure is obviously symmetrical along a vertical plane running in the middle of the central strip.
The other coplanar line, called a coplanar slot (CPS) is the complementary of that topology, consisting of two strips running side by side.
To further simplify the analysis, the original dielectric boundary is assumed to constitute a magnetic wall, so that and become magnetic walls too and there is no resulting fringing field in the resulting capacitor. With that assumption, the capacitance per unit length is merely the sum of the top (air filled) and bottom (dielectric filled) partial capacitances. The latter is given by: (12.2)
and
represent the complete elliptic integral of the first kind and its complement, and is more or less tricky, the ratio lets itself
(12.4)
(12.5)
with
. While [48] states that the accuracy of the above . It can be considered as exact for any practical . The effective permittivity is therefore:
(12.6)
Figure 12.2: characteristic impedance as approximated by eq. (12.7) for and (alumina)
(air),
(quartz)
In practical cases, the substrate has a finite thickness . To carry out the analysis of this conformation, a preliminary conformal mapping transforms the finite thickness dielectric into an infinite thickness one. Only the effective permittivity is altered; it becomes: (12.8)
where
(12.9)
Finally, let us consider a CPW over a finite thickness dielectric backed by an infinite ground plane. In this case, the quasi-TEM wave is an hybrid between microstrip and true CPW mode. The equations then become:
(12.10)
(12.11)
and
(12.12)
(12.13)
and (12.15)
where (12.16)
In the computation of the impedance, both the must be substituted by an ``effective'' modulus
(12.17)
and
(12.18)
Effects of dispersion
The effects of dispersion in CPW are similar to those encountered in the microstrip lines, though the net effect on impedance is somewhat different. [39] gives a closed form expression to compute from its quasi-static value:
(12.19)
where:
(12.20)
and
(12.24)
This dispersion expression was first reported by [50] and has been reused and extended in [51]. The accuracy of this expression is claimed to be better than 5% for , , and .
Evaluation of losses
As for microstrip lines, the losses in CPW results of at least two factors: a dielectric loss losses The . The dielectric loss and conductor . is identical to the microstrip case, see eq. (11.79) on page
part of the losses is more complex to evaluate. As a general rule, it might be written:
(12.25)
where
stands for the impedance of the coplanar waveguide with air as dielectric and ).
is the surface
Through a direct approach evaluating the losses by conformal mapping of the current density, one obtains [39], first reported in [52] and finally applied to coplanar lines by [53]:
(12.26)
and