Protocolli e bus di campo per l’industria:

Ethernet Deterministica, PROFIBUS ed

altri

Roberto Isernia – Technical Marketing Leader

Agenda
• Fieldbus Protocols
• Why Ethernet-Based Protocols?
• Overview of Ethernet-Based Industrial Protocols
• Adding Deterministic I/O to NI PACs
• PROFIBUS and NI Platform
A jungle of different standards
Why Ethernet-Based Protocols?
Modbus Modbus TCP/IP

DeviceNet Ethernet/IP

CANopen EtherCAT

PROFIBUS PROFINET

Traditional Industrial Ethernet Physical

Protocols Layer

4
Industrial Ethernet Adoption
• Total market $630 M
Expected Trends in Type of Wireline Infrastructure Networks
• Ethernet really means: being used in Industrial Facilities

– Ethernet/IP
– PROFINET
– Modbus TCP/IP

Source: VDC 2006

Ethernet-Based Industrial Protocols
• Modbus TCP/IP
• EtherCAT
• Ethernet/IP
• PROFINET
Similarities
• Reuse OSI model layers 1 and 2
– What about the other 5 layers?
• Define master (scanner) and slave (adapter)
devices
• Address 1 or more target applications
– Non Real Time
– Real Time
– Hard Real Time
Application Targets
• Non Real Time
– Uses standard TCP/IP or UDP/IP
– Application: PLC to HMI or PLC to SCADA
• Real Time
– Provides added determinism with COTS hardware
– Application: Control data
• Hard Real Time
– Adds specific hardware to deliver determinism
– Application: Distributed motion
Where Protocols Fit?

EtherCAT PROFINET (IRT)** Ethernet/IP CIP

Sync

PROFINET (RT)** Ethernet/IP

Modbus TCP/IP PROFINET (NRT)* Ethernet/IP

**Also PROFINET I/O

*Also PROFINET CBA
EtherCAT Overview
• EtherCAT – Ethernet Control Automation Technology
– Managed EtherCAT Technology Group (ETG)
– Open and based on standards such as IEC 61158
• Advantages
– Hard real-time industrial protocol
– Extremely efficient and straightforward communication
• Disadvantages
– Addresses only hard real time (?)
– Not designed for standard TCP/IP packets and EtherCAT packets
 Functional Principle: Ethernet On-the-Fly
Fast Train Analogy
• “Train” (Ethernet frame) does not stop
• Even when watching the “train” through a narrow window one sees the entire train
• “Car” (subtelegram) has variable length
• One can “extract” or “insert” single “person” (bits) or entire “groups” – even multiple
groups per train

NI Scan Engine

11
HRT: Determinism and Performance

Organization Response Time Jitter Data Rate

(ms) (us) (Mb/s)
EtherCAT ~ 0.1 < 0.1 100
Sercos III < 0.5 < 0.1 100
PROFINET IRT <1 <1 100
Ethernet Powerlink <1 <1 100
Ethernet/IP ~1 <1 100
Table 1. Real-Time Comparison of the Various Real-Time Methods
Standards-Based Real-Time Ethernet Now Off-the-Shelf by Klaus Zwerina
NI System with Deterministic Distributed I/O

Host Computer

(TCP/IP)
(TCP/IP) NI PXI System
NI PXI System
with Ethernet Interface
with Ethernet Interface

NI cRIO-9074
NI cRIO-9074
(EtherCAT)
(EtherCAT)

NI 9144
NI 9144
LabVIEW Modbus Options
NI Modbus VIs Modbus I/O Server
 Communication from NI LabVIEW to
ControlLogix PLCs
EtherNet/IP

Available for download from NI Labs at ni.com/labs

EtherNet/IP VIs for LabVIEW
• Provides VIs for communication to “Logix” PLC tags
– Directly read and write tags on Allen-Bradley
ControlLogix and CompactLogix PLCs
• Runs on LabVIEW for Windows and LabVIEW
Real-Time OSs (Phar Lap and VxWorks)
• Explicit messaging
• Good for low numbers of tags
ni.com/pac/i
ni.com/labs