Statistics: Statistics: A Brach of Mathematics Which Deals With Collection, Classification and

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STATISTICS
This chapter comes under Paper - II. From this chapter 4 mark question-1 (14=4m), 2 marks questions - 2 (22=4m), 1 Mark Questions - 2 (2 1=2M) and 6 objective bits (61/2=3M), altogether 13 Marks, can be scored very easily. As they are very less number of models present in this topic, it is very easy to prepare for S.S.C public exams. The following material will help the students alot in their preparation. Statistics: A brach of mathematics which deals with collection, classification and interpretation of the data is called ''Statistics".
"Sir Ronald Fisher" is known as "Father of Statistics". Measures of Central Tendency are 3 types
1. Arithmetic Mean or Mean 2. Median 3. Mode. Arithmetic Mean Ungrouped data: The ratio between the sum of observations to the number of observations is called Arithmetic Mean or Mean and it is denoted by x
A.M. = Sumof Observations No.of Observation
Sx i n
If x1, x2, x3 .... xn are the observations then A.M. =
xi - ith observation n - total frequency Examples 1. Find the A.M. of Sol:

A.M. = Sumof Observations No.of Observation
1 3 5 1 7 , , , , 3 4 6 2 12
2M
1 3 5 1 7 + + + + 3 4 6 2 12 = 5 4 + 9 + 10 + 6 + 7 12 = 5
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36 12 5
1
3 5 3 5
\ A.M =
2. The mean of marks secured by 50 students is 80. On verification of data, it was found that the marks of one student were shown as 73 instead of 37. Find the correct Mean. Sol: Sumof Observations A.M. = No.of Observation
Sumof Observations 50 Sum of Observations = 80 50 = 4000 By an error, one observation is registered as 73 instead of 37 80 =
Correct Sum of Observations Correct Mean = Correct No. of Observations
4000 - 73 + 37 50
3964 50
3964 2 50 2
7928 = 79.28 100
If the observations x1, x2, x3 .... xn are repeated f1, f2, f3, ....fn times respectively then
A.M. = =
f1x1 + f2 x2 + f3 x3 + ....fnx n f1 + f2 + f3 + ......fn
Sfi xi Sfi xi or Sfi n
A.M. =
Sfi xi Sfi
3. The daily consumption of electricity in units for 20 customers in a locality is tabulated below. Find the Mean of Consumption. 2M
Consumption (Units) No. of Customers
20 4
25 4
30 7
35 3
40 2
Sol:
Consumption No. Of Customers xi fi 4 20 25 30 35 40 4 7 3 2 fixi 4 20 = 80 4 25 = 100 7 30 = 210 3 35 = 105 2 40 = 80
S f = 20
S fixi = 575
A.M. =
A.M. =
Sfi xi Sfi
575 = 28.75 Units 20
4. Write the merits of Arithmetic Mean sol: Merits of Arithmetic Mean are 1. It is uniquely defined i.e. it has one and only one value 2. It is based on all observations. 3. It is easy to understand. 4. It is easy to compute. Arithmetic Mean (Grouped data): In short-cut method or deviation method,
Sf u A.M. = A + i i C N A Assumed Mean N Total Frequency fi Frequency of ith class C Class interval or size of the class x -A ui = i C xi Midvalue of ith class Note: Midvalue of classes are used in the calculation of Arithmetic Mean.
1M
5. Calculate the A.M. of the following

Marks 25-31 31-37 12 37-43 16 43-49 24 49-55 10 55-61 18 61-67 15 No. of students 20
1M
Sol:
Marks C.I No. Of students fi 20 12 16 24 10 18 15 N = 115 Mid value of Class xi 28 34 40 46 52 (A) 58 64
ui = xi -A C
fiui
25-31 31-37 37-43 43-49 49-55 55-61 61-67
4 3 2 1 0 1 2
20 4 = 80 12 3 = 36 16 2 = 32 24 1 = 24 10 0 = 0 18 1= 18 15 2 = 30
fiui = 124
Sf u A.M. = A + i i C N
N = 115, A = 52, Sfiui = 124, C = 6

-124 2 6 A.M. = 52 + 115 3
-744 52 + 115
= 52 + ( 6.47) = 45.53 Median Ungrouped data: After arranging the data in either ascending order or descending order the middle most value or the average of middle most values is called Median.
n + 1 If the number of observation is 'n' and 'n' is odd, then observation is the Median. 2 n If the number of observation is n and n is even then average of 2
th th
n+ 2 and 2
th
observation is the median.

6. Find the Median of Sol: 3 1 2 1 7 , , , , 4 2 3 6 12
3 1 2 1 7 , , , , 4 2 3 6 12
2M
L.C.M of 4, 2, 3, 6 and 12 is 12
3 3 1 6 2 4 1 2 7 1 , , , , , 4 3 2 6 3 4 6 2 12 1
7 9 6 8 2 , , , 12 12 12 12 12 9 2 6 7 8 , , , 12 12 12 12 12
th
ascending order
Here n = 5
n + 1 \ 2
th
6 th 5 + 1 rd observation i.e. \ = 2 =3 2
3rd observation
is the median.
\ Median =
7 12
7. Observations of some data are data is 8, find the value of 'x' Sol:
x x x x ,x, , and where x > 0. If the median of the 5 4 2 3 1M x x x x , , , ,x 5 4 3 2
Observations in ascending order are Here middle most value is median = 8 x =8 3 x=83 x = 24
x Which is median 3
Median Grouped data:

N 2 -F C Median = L + f
L Lower boundary of the median class C Class internal or size of the class f Frequency of median class F Cumulative frequency of the previous class to the median class N Total frequency N value in which cumulative frequency, that class is called Median Class. Note: 2 8. Calculate the Median of the following data.
Weight (kgs) No. of Persons 60-64 13 65-69 28 70-74 35 75-79 12 80-84 9 85-89 3
4M
Sol:
Weight (kgs) No. of Persons Less than cumulative frequency 60 - 64 65- 69 70 - 74 75 - 79 80- 84 85 - 89 13 28 35 (f) 12 9 3 N =100 13 13 + 28 = 41 (F) 41 + 35 = 76 76 + 12 = 88 88 + 9 = 97 97 + 3 = 100
N 100 = = 50 lies in 76 2 2
\ 70 74 is the median class

N 2 -F Median = L + C f
N = 100, f = 35, F = 41, C = 5 69 + 70 139 L= = = 69.5 2 2
50 - 41 1 5 Median = 69.5 + 35 7 L= 69 + 70 139 = = 69.5 2 2
9 7 = 69.5 + 1.28 = 70.78 kgs. = 69.5 +
Mode Ungrouped Data: In given data, the observation which has highest frequency or which repeats more number of times is called Mode. Properties of Mode: 1. For a data Mode may exists or may not. 2. If mode exists for a data, it may not be unique. Note: Data having one mode is called uni-modal
Data having two - modes is called Bi - modal Data having three - modes is called Tri - modal Data having more than three - modes is called Polymodal
Examples: 1. For a data 3, 7, 8, 9, 11, 2 mode ____________ 2. For a data 3, 2, 3, 4, 7, 3, 2, 7 mode ____________ 3. For a data 3, 2, 4, 4, 5, 7, 7, 6, 7, 4, 8, 9 mode ____________ Answers: 1. doesn't exists 2. 3 3. 4 and 7
Mode Grouped Data:

D1 C Mode (Z ) = L + D1 + D 2
Where D1 = f f1 and D2 = f f2 or
Mode (Z ) = L + f - f1 C 2f - (f1 + f2 )
Here
L Lower boundary of modal class C Class Interval f Frequency of modal class f1 Frequency of previous class to the modal class f2 Frequency of proceeding class to the modal class. 4M
80-89 10 90-99 4
9. Calculate the Mode of the following data.

Class Frequency 30-39 2 40-49 3 50-59 20 60-69 31 70-79 17
Sol:
Class 30 - 39 40 - 49 50 - 59 60 - 69 70 - 79 80 - 89 90-99 frequency 2 3 20 (f1) 31 (f) 17 (f2) 10 4
Here 60-69 is the modal class.

D1 C Median (Z ) = L + D1 + D 2
When
D1 = f f1 D2 = f f2
L=
59 + 60 119 = = 59.5, 2 2
C = 10
f = 31. f1 = 20, f2 = 17 D1 = f f1 = 31 20 = 11 D2 = f f2 = 31 17 = 14
11 Mode = 59.5 + 10 11 + 14
2 11 10 = 59.5 + 25 5
Mode = 59.5 +
22 5
= 59.5 + 4.4 = 63.9
u Emperial relation among Mean, Median and Mode is Mean Mode = 3 (Mean Median) or Mode = 3 Median 2 Mean
10.The Mean and Median of a unimodal grouped data are 72.5 and 73.9 respectively. Find the Mode of the data. 2M Sol: Mean = 72.5 Median = 73.9 Mode = 3 Median 2 Mean = 3 (73.9) 2 (72.5) = 221.7 145 = 76.7
11 The Observation of an ungrouped data are x1, x2 and 2x1 and x1 < x2 < 2x1. If the mean and median of the data are each equals to 6. Find the observation of the data are each equals to 6. Find the Observation of the data 2M Sol: The Observations are x1, x2, 2x1 where x1 < x2 < 2x1 Median = x2 Given that Median = 6, Mean = 6 \ x2 = 6
Mean = 6= x1 + x2 + x3 3
x1 + 6 + 2x1 3
18 = 3x1 + 6 18 6 = 3x1
12 = 3 x1
4
x1 = 4 2x1 = 2 4 2x1 = 8 \ Required Observations are 4, 6 and 8. 12.The Observation of an ungrouped data are x1, x2 and x3 and it is given that x1 < x2 < x3. If the mean and median of the data are 30 and 20 respectively and x3 x1 = 50. Find the Observations. 2M Sol: The Observations are x1, x2, x3 Mean = 30, Median = 20, x3 x1 = 50. ascending Order of given observations x1, x2, x3 Median is x2 \ x2 = 20
Mean = sumof Observations No.of Observations
x1 + x 2 + x 3 3 90 = x1+x2+x3 90 = x1 + 20 + x3 30 =
90 20 = x1 + x3 70 = x1 + x3
x1 + x3 = 70............(1) Given that - x 1 + x 3 = 50............(2) 2 x 3 = 120

1 60
x3 = 60 Substitute x3 value in (1) x1 + 60 = 70 x1 = 70 60 x1 = 10 \ Required Observations are 10, 20 and 60. Objective Bits: 1. Class interval of 1-10 is _______ 2. Mid value is 1-10 is _______ 3. Cumulative frequency are used in the calculations of _______ 4. A.M of a-2, a and a+2 is _______ 5. A.M of first 'n' natural numbers is _______ 6. Mode of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 _______ 7. The range of first '9' whole numbers is _______ 8. If 1-10, 11-20, 21-30 ... are the classes then for a class 11-20 i) Lower limit is _______ ii) Lower boundary is _______ iii) Upper limit is _______ iv) Upper boundary is _______ v) Class interval is _______ vi) Midvalue is _______ 9. Histogram consists of _______ 10.Range of 20, 18, 37, 42, 3, 12, 15, 26 is _______ 11.The observation of an ungrouped data in their ascending order are 12, 15, x, 19, 25 and if the median of the data is 18, then x = _______ 12.The Mean of 9, 11, 13, P, 18, 19 is P then P = _______ Answers 3. Median 7. 8 iii) 20 11. 18 iv) 20.5 12. 14
1.10 n +1 5. 2 8. i) 11 v) 10 9. rectangle
2. 5.5 6. doesn't exist ii) 10.5 vi) 15.5 10. 39
4. a
Assignment: 1. The Mean of the 15 observations of a data is 420. Find the Mean.
2M
2. The Mean of 11 Observations is 17.5. If an Observation 15 is deleted, find the mean of the remaining observations. 2M 3. Calculate the Mean for the following data by using deviation method.
C.I f 0-50 8 50-100 15 100-150 32 150-200 26 200-250 12 250-300 7
4M
4. Calculate the Median for the following data

C.I f 1-10 3 11-20 12 21-30 16 31-40 14 41-50 5
5. Calculate the Mode for the following data.

Marks No. of students 0-5 10 5-10 18 10-15 42 15-20 23 20-25 7

Statistics: Statistics: A Brach of Mathematics Which Deals With Collection, Classification and

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If x1, x2, x3 .... xn are the observations then A.M. =

xi - ith observation n - total frequency Examples 1. Find the A.M. of Sol:

7928 = 79.28 100

f1x1 + f2 x2 + f3 x3 + ....fnx n f1 + f2 + f3 + ......fn

Sfi xi Sfi xi or Sfi n

5. Calculate the A.M. of the following

25-31 31-37 37-43 43-49 49-55 55-61 61-67

N = 115, A = 52, Sfiui = 124, C = 6

observation is the median.

6. Find the Median of Sol: 3 1 2 1 7 , , , , 4 2 3 6 12

x x x x ,x, , and where x > 0. If the median of the 5 4 2 3 1M x x x x , , , ,x 5 4 3 2

Median Grouped data:

\ 70 74 is the median class

N = 100, f = 35, F = 41, C = 5 69 + 70 139 L= = = 69.5 2 2

50 - 41 1 5 Median = 69.5 + 35 7 L= 69 + 70 139 = = 69.5 2 2

9 7 = 69.5 + 1.28 = 70.78 kgs. = 69.5 +

Mode Grouped Data:

9. Calculate the Mode of the following data.

Here 60-69 is the modal class.

= 59.5 + 4.4 = 63.9

x1 + x3 = 70............(1) Given that - x 1 + x 3 = 50............(2) 2 x 3 = 120

2. 5.5 6. doesn't exist ii) 10.5 vi) 15.5 10. 39

4. Calculate the Median for the following data

5. Calculate the Mode for the following data.

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