A REPORT ON ENERGY BALANCE STUDY ON GASIFICATION AND PRODUCER GAS UTILIZATION

Under the guidance of G. Sanjay Kumar Assistant Professor Department of Chemical Engineering

(Signature of Guide)

Submitted by Saravana Bharathy R Roll No: R660211019 M.Tech (Energy Systems) University of Petroleum and Energy Studies P. O. Bidholi, Via Prem Nagar Dehradun 248 007, Uttarakhand, INDIA December, 2012

Abstract
This project involved in modeling and simulation of a pilot scale Circulating Fluidized Bed Gasifier. Heat needed for the gasification is produced by burning char in a separate combustion chamber and subsequently transferred to gasification reactions. The modeling and simulation has been done through the ASPEN Plus simulator. By this the equilibrium conditions for the production of Producer gas has been modeled. This extends to the optimization of Gasification process by considering the effect of Temperature, Pressure, Equivalence Ratio and Steam to Biomass ratio can also been verified. This also extended to done the gasification reactions for various flow sheets of the gasification which involves in the process of producing power and heat. ASPEN Plus simulator gives us an option of experimenting the reactions under various options for the process of gasification. This gives an optimization of the reactions and also the process of gasification.

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BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this project report Energy Balance Study on Gasification and Producer Gas utilization the bonafide work of Saravana bharathy R, who carried out the project work under my supervision.

SIGNATURE

Mr. G Sanjay Kumar,

Assistant Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering Studies, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun.

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Chapter no. 1 Introduction

Table of Content

Page no 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8

1.1 Advantages of Fluidized Bed Gasification 1.2 Disadvantages of Fluidized Bed Gasification 1.3 Scope of work 2 Literature Review 2.1 Combustion 2.2 Pyrolysis 2.3 Gasification 2.3.1 Combustion reactions 2.3.2 Boudouard reaction 2.3.3 Water Gas Reaction 2.3.4 Methanation Reaction 2.3.5 CO Shift reaction 2.3.6 Steam Methane reforming reaction 2.4 COMPOSITION OF GAS YIELD 2.5 Classification of gasifier 2.5.1 According to the Gasifying medium used: 2.5.2 Operating Pressure Used 2.5.3 Mode of Heating 2.6 Types of Gasifier 2.6.1 Updraft gasification 2.6.2 Downdraft gasification 2.6.3 Entrained flow Gasifiers 2.6.4 Bubbling Fluidized bed 2.6.5 Circulating Fluidized Bed 2.7 Properties of the Biomass Feedstock affecting the process 2.7.1 Fuel Reactivity 2.7.2 Volatile Matter 2.7.3 Ash
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2.7.4 Moisture 2.8 Previous Works 2.9 Objectives

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Theoretical Development 3.1 Process Description 3.1.1 Fuel Feeding System 3.1.2 Gasification column 3.1.3 Bed material transfer chute 3.1.4 Combustion column 3.1.5 Cyclone 3.2 Mass balance 3.3 Energy Balance 3.3.1 Energy in biomass feed 3.3.2 Energy in steam 3.3.3 Energy in Producer gas 3.3.4 Energy balance in CFB column 3.3.4.1 Energy in char 3.3.4.2 Energy in Product gas 3.3.4.3 Energy in input air 3.3.4.4 Heat carried by sand 3.3.4.5 Energy lost in ash 3.3.4.6 Energy lost in wall

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SIMULATION AND MODELING 4.1 ASPEN PLUS SIMULATION 4.2 Kinetic model 4.3 Equilibrium model 4.4 Gasifier Classification and Selection 4.5 Simulation Software 4.6 Modeling in ASPEN 4.6.1 Biomass Decomposition
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4.6.2 Volatile Reactions 4.6.3 Char Gasification 5 CALCULATION 5.1 Moles of Biomass Feedstock 5.2 Energy Balance for BFB column 5.3 Energy Balance in CFB Column 5.4 Energy Balance of Gas Engine 5.5 Energy Balance for Afterburner 6 Improvements activities for the project from previous works Bibliography

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