Agamas and Science and Art of Temple Construction - Part 1 Introduction Ancient cultures for centuries all across

the continents built huge structures for places of worship, observatories, burial places. The size and layout was so complex and perfect to indicate that the basis of such constructions must be sound scientific principles of most advanced branches of engineering sciences. The need of such huge places also must have been dictated by more pressing and practical concerns in public policy, agriculture and public health than just to show the pomp of a king. Other than in India and across east Asian Buddhist countries spanning from China to Japan, most of these structures all over the world were now available in ruins or completely destroyed. This harmful but successful destruction was perpetuated from 4th century onwards by various plethora of groups religious zealots, hate groups, nomadic tribes, Arabs, Christians, etc as a tool to propagate their religion and intimidate existing cultures and traditions. In the modern day, when such atrocious acts cannot be perpetuated the same groups are using multinational corporations, rebellious groups, Islamic Fundamentalists, Right wing hate groups and missionaries to destroy these structures in the name of land reforms, modernization of agriculture, industrialization and if nothing works by engineering and creating terrorist and separatist groups. Recently, a spate of these structures are being discovered in middle east, South America, North America, Europe, India and Australia on land and under sea. These newly discovered sites remarkably resemble in design, content and construction, with existing Oriental (Asian, Indian) structures. In the absence of any knowledge about these structures in India or in Asia or deliberately omitting them from even mentioning as existing, or by deliberately not encouraging the authoritative texts in this field of architecture dealing with such constructions from being translated in to western languages, the western academia is throwing lot of new theories of speculative nature. Their bias towards Judo- Christian origin and development of civilization is so missionary that they even want to destroy these texts by encouraging third world governments to not to support the small press that helps to publish the texts that deal with the scientific principles of such constructions. The knowledge for most part of the time handed over in through the oral tradition of learning Shruthi, has to be printed and preserved before the knowledgeable persons in these fields completely vanish. Even in places from India to Japan where these mind boggling super structures are preserved intact along with the texts and commentaries, thousands of practitioners in the designing and engineering fields of the above field of science exist, the bias of the same academicians both

western and western trained native scholars, is creating a plethora of speculative theories to discredit the genuine scholars in the above disciplines and condemn them. Due largely to lack of support from mainstream academicians, limitations of language and the governmental negligence towards those who can interpret the texts, explain the science and art of the process of the construction are fast vanishing. This book is an attempt to lift the so called modern scientific disciplines archeo-astronomy and archeology from such bias and academic dishonesty to valid non biased academic sciences and to give boost to all those silent scholars to continue their work. This book is an attempt to translate the vast array of texts that exist in the above scientific fields so that the researchers will be able to make an informed decision. From the time the Vedas codified the engineering sciences dealing with construction-be it at individual level (house, farm yard, etc) or at macro level (village, town, city planning, forts, irrigation, roads, canals etc) are grouped under generic field of knowledge called Sthapathya Veda (Science of Forms) or Shilpa Veda (Science of Creation). Sthapthya Veda is the Upa Veda (supplementary branch) for Atharva Veda. Within Sthapathya Veda the planning, designing, construction of individual houses, farms, and villages, towns, cities, roads, canals, parks, irrigation, public works etc are codified under Vasthu Sasthra (Science of Structural Formations). The planning, engineering, designing, of community places of worship, temples, sacrificial altars are codified under Agama Sasthra (Science of Temple Construction ). The Source of Agamas Agamas draw their theory and practice from many sources. The following is the brief description of the various sources of Agamas. The Vedas The contents of the ancient texts referred to as Vedas can be summarized with the single Sanskrit word dharma (that which evolves into omniscience). Vedas are vast and comprehensive body of knowledge, properly known in its entirety as Shruti, though generally referred to as simply Vedas, they encompass literally tens of thousands of texts of many classifications, including those properly called Vedas, as well as collections called Brahmanaas, Aranyakaas, Upanishads, Prathisakhyas, Shroutha Suthraas, Gruhya Suthras, Samhithas, Puranas, Upavedas, Vedaangaas, Darshanas, etc. The actual dates of composition and compilation of the Vedas (Shruti) is made in to a dispute by biased western linguists and Missionary Fathers who

do not want to accept anything older than 7,000 years as that is the date of creation according to New Testament, or King James version of bible. No other scientists belonging to any other behavioral sciences or history or archeology never ever made any attempt so far to date these texts in any scientific way conceivable. According to Indian Vedic scholars, Vedic Knowledge exists for ever as it deals with forces or force of creation, evolution and dissolution of Universe(s) which the Vedas call with a feminine noun Sakthi or neuter noun Brahman. It is only Rishis, sages or seers in their evolved states of consciousness realizes the knowledge and transmits the same (the Process of Becoming a Rishi and the methodology of acquiring true knowledge) to the interested individuals with out any cost or tuition fees by way of Oral Tradition of Teaching called Shruthi. Historically the first compilation of the Vedas in written book form was completed by Rishi Veda Vyasa at the beginning of kali era for the coming generations. It is believed that in the kali era the human mind will not be capable of remembering such vast annals of information and knowledge. So it is simple fact that if we determine the beginning of the present kali era then we know the first compilation date of the Vedas in textual form. But unfortunately none of the linguists or academicians are any where close to even accept the historical account of ancient Indian texts. By discarding the ancient Indian texts as mythology plethora of unscientific standards were created since Mr. Max Muller a catholic priest, funded by British first proposed the solar and lunar myth stories as the origin of Vedas. Also, though deliberately and totally side lining one of the most important hisorical treatise of KALHANA, the official hiostorian of Kashmir Kings who details dynasties of kings after the war of Kurukshetra which is officially the starting date of Kali era, and by claiming that the text written by Kalhana is nothing but his imagination, another important historical source is burried and paved way for erroneous theories. The first official dating of the origin of Vedas was given to be around 1500 B.C. The reason for this conclusion is that there was a mention of gold in Vedas and thus they must have been written after the discovery of gold, and as of then (during the time of Mr. Maxmuller) it is established that Egyptians used gold 2500 B.C., logically Vedas must have been written in 1500 B.C. According to modern archeological and astro-archeological evidence scientists accepted the first compilation of the Vedas must have been accomplished between 450,000 B.C. to 420,000 B.C. (dating confirmed by modern techniques such as carbon dating, thermo luminescence dating, sattelite imagery) but still concurs with the 1500 B.C. dating by philologists and linguists with no hard core scientific evidence from archeology, anthropology and archeo astronomy because of Judeo Christian bias. In order to over come to the scientific findings, they came up with a technique called

Calibrated Carbon Dating. This simply means if there is proof from advanced sciences that and existing structure dates back to thousands of years, and we cannot explain the phenomenon, then the scientists can reduce the actual date to suit the accepted social and behavioral theories. For example if a temple in South America dates back to say 30000 B.C. then as it is anomaly and we have to accept that there is civilization in Americas long before Moses and Abraham, which does not fit accepted academic thought, we can conveniently say despite scientific evidence to the contrary, that the temple is only 3000 years old to suit the existing theories of migrations of people across Americas. The process is calibrated carbon dating comes handy in these situations. This method started just two years before. The Vedas form the basis of what to the West is now known as Hinduism and Buddhism, but in the East is called simply " followers of Dharma " . As discussed earlier these Vedas, or Shruti, are said to have been compiled under the general direction of the sage Maharishi Veda Vyasa. Working with four of his principal disciples, who in turn oversaw the work of thousands of other sages, they collected and compiled existing works from a wide variety of sources after ascertaining which were authentic records of true knowledge. All of those sages involved in the collecting and compiling of these works, as well as the authors whose works were selected to be included in the Vedas (Shruthi), are believed to have been rishis or enlightened beings. After the whole of this Vedic literature had been collected and compiled, these works were then fully and exhaustively indexed and cross-referenced, so that the result is a closed system of knowledge. There is, therefore, no dispute as to which existing works form an authentic part of these collections--if it is not listed in the indexes, it cannot claim to be a part of Shruti (Vedic) literature. It is for these reasons that those who call themselves " followers of Dharma " tend to consider the actual Vedic or Shruti literature as the final written authority in ascertaining truth. The authors of this work, despite many years of intensive study of thousands of Vedic texts, have found no contradictions within these works. Each of the Veda has an Upa Veda or Supplementary Veda. The following table summarizes the Vedas and their Upa Vedas S.No Veda Upa Veda Rough English Equivalent

1. Rig Veda Ayur Veda Codex of Life 2. Yajur Veda Dhanur Veda Codex of War 3. Sama Veda Gandharva Veda Codex of Vibration 4. Atharva Veda Sthapathya Veda Codex of Forms Each Veda or Upa Veda is a Codex of hundreds or some time even thousands of individual texts which incorporate various styles of presentation of a particular subject matter under consideration. Darshanas The subject matter of the Vedas (Shruti) is classified into twelve broad general branches called Darshanas. For each branch there exists one apex text with and appendix Darshana or Sutra. Each Darshana serves to summarize and codify the whole of the knowledge on its given subject, the details of which are distributed among the vast array of Vedic literature. Encyclopedic in scope, they (darshanas) touch upon all aspects of a given subject, leaving the specific details to other Vedic branches. The following table summarizes the 12 darshanas. The first six of these darshanas provide theoretical basis for the latter six. The latter six are in a way interpretations of the first six darshanas in a given context that dictate either social or individual behaviour. S.No Darshana Rough English Equivalent

1. Vaisheshika Entire Physical Sciences 2. Samkhya Applied Sciences 3. Nyaya Emperical Sciences 4. Yoga Behavioral Evolution Spiritual 5. Mimansa-Purva Behavioral Evolution-Social, Individual 6. Mimansa-Uttara Theoretical and Empirical Sciences dealing with Absolute 7. Charvaka Materialistic Interpretation 8. Jaina Ascetic Interpretation 9. Vaibhashika Environmental/Social interpretation 10. Soutantrika Tantric Interpretation-Individual Level 11. Yogacara Agamic and Yogic Interpretation-Social Level 12. Boudha

Balanced Interpretation of 7 & 8 All Darshanas belonging to Upa Vedas are either unavailable, burnt, lost, are given away to many universities across USA, Germany, Canada by Indian immigrants whose ancestors preserved them from centuries of oppression or still preserved either in Napal or in Tibet in monastries where they were taken when Nalanda and Taxila Universities were burned by the aliens. The apex text Shilpa Sutras supposed to be written by Maharishi Viswakarma or Sthapathya Sutras is not available. Though Agama philosophy is referred to within each of these Vedas, the general principles of all elements of Agamas are found primarily within the Atharva Veda and in its branches or declensions, and codified in Shilpa sutras. Expanding upon the general outline contained in Atharva Veda are the Shilpa Sutras by Rishi Viswakarma. In addition to the apex Sutra Literature, there are Vedic sources which can be divided in to six tiers: 1)Upanishads, 2)Samhithas, 3) Tantras 4) Agamas and 5)Pradipikaas, Karikas, Matas 6) Vyakhyanas (Special renderings or commentaries). 1. Upanishads The second tier of Vedic texts which deal with Shipa Sastra (Agamas and Vasthu), the Sthapathya Upanishads, supposed to be one hundred and twenty in number, and they serve to expand upon the basic principles of and practices of Agamas presented in the Vedas proper. It is here that the most precise presentation of the techniques and practice of design, construction techniques, layouts are found, making the Shilpa Upanishads among the more important source material for the present text. 2. Samhitas After the Upanishads are the Samhithas, which provide for still further elaboration. Samhitha means " a compiled scientific text " , indicating that the author has assembled information from existing Vedic sources (Shruti) and presented it in a very structured and precise format. There are hundreds of Samitha texts that deal with all elements and aspects of Agamas. Here all the concepts outlined within the Sthapathya Upanishads and Vedas proper are presented in great detail. All minute details pertaining to carving of idols, worship methodologies, the performance of proper yagnas, proper celebrations

on particular festive days, the precise size, shapes of idols etc are found in greater detail. Thus the Samhithas represent the most significant source material on the different Agama schools. Most important among these samhithas are Mrigendra Samhita, Viswamitra Samhita, Padma Samhita etc. 3. Tantras The third level of Vedic sources on Agamas are Tantras. These form the most important basis of Agamas. They deal with very minute details of training the worshippers, initiation in to the process of worship, daily worship methodologies for different deities, daily celebrations, festivals etc. Tantraraja Tantra, Kularnava Tantra, Malini Vijaya Tantra, Lakshmi Tantra, Satwata Tantra Vamakeswara Tantra are few to mention. These texts specifically state for for which Agama they belong to as they deal with worship details for a particular diety. Some of the Tantras even explain the methods of individual house hold worship 4. Agamas Agamas are the fourth level of the sources. These texts end with the suffix Agama signifying that they specifically deal with theory of Agama only and not with the theory of Vasthu. The other mentioned above sources are applicable to Vasthu and Agama. These are very specific and prescice in their nature, scope and presentation. Some Agama texts were even written to explain one particular temple's construction. Some times they deal with one aspect of a particular god like Lalitha aspect of Sakthi. Some of the important texts are Roravottara Agama, Vatula Sudha Agama, Karana Agama, Kamika Agama, Vaikhanasa Agama etc. 5. (Pra) Dipikas, Karikas and Matas The Fifth level of Vedic sources, the Pradipikas, (additional Explanations) are renderings by great yogis of the information found in greater detail within the Samhithas Upanishads. There are many Pradipikas on Agamas. Of all Prapancha Sara by Sri Sankaracharya is a very important text in Sakthi Agamas. Shiva Kamini dipika is an important text among Shiva Agamas. Karika means a specific scientific explanation for a specific subject matter under consideration. These are written by the practicing Agama Teachers, Shilpis at different times as a research presentations to reinforce the scientific principles behind a particular Agama theory. Sri Tatva Chintamani, Pratyabhigna Karika are such Texts

Matha means opinion. It is the rendering or approach towards a particular Agama Principle, theory by practicing Shilpi, at a particular geographical location or after a particular astronomical event or after a particular lapse of time (usually more than 432,000 year cycles). These rendering are made only to make the agama theory workable after a major astronomical or geological event in the process of evolution. This is like a corolory to the main theory or an exception under certain given circumstances. Maya Mata (practiced in Americas, north and south, in native Indian cultures and by Mayans, Azetics, Tolemics etc), Viswakarma Mata (as practiced in Africa, Europe) are such two important texts. 6. Vyakhyanas At sixth level are the Vyakhyaanaas. These sources are different arrangements of the existing Agamic knowledge made by various yogis/shilpis for the use of students at a specific time. All of these sources made it very clear that their rearrangements were made only for the convenience of aspiring students, and were in no way intended to expand upon, enlarge, refute or replace any of the teachings or systems of thought of the preceding Vedic sources. Thus these arrangements and names are not be mistaken as separate " branches " or schools of Agamic philosophy. Definition of Agama agnavasthu samanthaasya gamyatha ithyaagamoo mathaha tanuthe trayathe nithyam tantra mithi viduhu budhaha

Sabda kalpa Druma The ever expanding and contracting forms of manifestation/creation (movable and non movable) and the relation between them is explained, so it is called Agama. The knowledge of Agama tries to synchronize and protect the delicate balance of creation, so it is also termed as Tantra. tanothi vipulanaarthaan tantra mantra samavithaan traanam cha kuruthe yasmaathanthramithyabhidhhiyathe Kamika Agama. Tantra Tara Patala.

As the detailed explanations is provided for protecting the existing creation it is called Tantra. As we have seen Agama's primary purpose is to protect existing creation. Provide scientific explanations for the acts done under the Agama Texts. What is creation ? The theory of creation in the Vedas has three different aspects and are discussed in three different stages. Different Stages of Theory of Creation I. Stage 1: Consciousness/Energy level (like quarks and beyond) -sat chit ananda Truth Existence Consciousness. S.No Name Rough Translation Rough English Equivalent Example 1. Sudha Pure concious and energy States Multi dimensional form Brahman 2. Asudha Pure Material States Three Dimensional form durga 3. Misra States of Dual Existence-both matter and energy Two Dimensional form sri chakra II. Stage 2: Systems and Subsystems (like nebuelas, exploding stars, black holes, milky way and Solar Family) -- avarana or koshas: (Subtle Manifestation) 1. Sakthi Kosa : Energy subsystem like exploding stars nebuellas 2. Maya Kosha : Intermediaries of energy and matter (Quarks, Barons,

Yaxions, atoms, electrons, etc.) 3. Prasuthi Kosha: Material systems like solar family milky way galazy 4. Prakrithi Kosha: Material Subsystems like 9 planets within solar family etc 5. Jiva Kosha: The conscious princple that interacts with the above systems and subsystems III. Stage 3: Gross Manifestation ---nama rupa 1. Varna Vibrations): Para , Vaikhari, Pasyanthi, Madhyama called Sristi -process of evolution 2. Nivrithi Systems): Pratishtha, Vidya, Santi, Santiatita. Prati sristhi -process of dissolution 3. Pada Grades of Matter): Jagrathi, Swapna, Sushupthi, Tuiya. Transformation stages in the process of evolution and dissolution 4. Tathva Types of matter): Dravya, Guna, Karma, Samanya, Samavaya, Elemental matter and its properties 5. Mantra energy coefficients, Languages): 14 Matrikaas called Maheswara Sutraas,energy expression modes like languages, noise, sounds of various nature, frequencies, audiable, subtle, and the dynamics of sound light transformations (Sono Luminiscence) etc. 6. Bhuvana : 14 Differing planes of consciousness associated with the above 5 categories. Agama Branches The ancient sages understood that the entire cosmos is nothing but overlaying and intermixing forces/energies mediated by massive heavenly bodies appearing and disappearing at regular intervals creating a chain of perpetual evolutionary life forms called samsara. These evolutionary systems influence each other far and near either in positive or negative direction and affect various forms of manifested species differently. For the evolution to continue, it is primary to keep the species insulated from negative influences and provide positive energy influences to the maximum extent. That is the purpose of Agamas. This above mentioned concept of the creation and protection of the delicate balance between species and gross matter is elaborated through various branches of Agamas. All these branches start with the name of a deity. It is understood that each deity represent a specific energy state with certain parameters, and associated with certain aspects of gross manifestation. So by mentioning the deity name as prefix, particular Agama suggests that its scope of subject matter is limited to the energy state symbolized by the deity and the manifested material states that are directly or indirectly related to that energy state. The following 11 are the main branches of Agamas. Each branch contains thousands of texts

associated with it. 1. Saktha 2. Vaishnava 3. Shaiva 4. Ganapathya 5. Svyambhuva (Brahma) 6. Chandra 7. Saura 8. Pasupatha 9. Kalamukha 10. Cina 11. Jina. The first three and 7 are available now either in full and in part. Rest are either presumed lost or in safe custody either Nepal or China or Tibet . Agama Padas (categories) Each branch of Agama will have many texts and commentaries associated with it. Within each branch or within a particular text under consideration the information will be presented in the following broad categories. 1.Gnana Padam (Scientific Explanations) 2. Yoga Padam (Unifying methodology of the agama Process and Symbolism) 3. Kriya Padam (Procedural Methodology) 4. Charya Padam. (Brhavioural Methodology) 1. Gnana (Jnana) Padam (Knowledge and Information and explanations) What ever is discussed in the above three padas are technically and scientifically explained in this part. All needed information like why this is done and why this is not done are explained with from three perspectives or modes of interpretations. 1. Adhibhoutika: Purely scientific perspective 2. Adhi Daivika: Socio Environmental Perspective 3. Adhi Atmika: Spritual Perspective 2. Yoga Padam (Unfying Methodology of the Process and symbolism) How the energy manifests in differing states, how to tap it, how to hold it, how to avoid the unwanted energies and use them for the evolution of the mankind, how to transfer the energy held in a place for the people living in that place, by building temples, houses, ashramas. 3. Kriya Padam (Procedural Detail) How to hold the energies in three dimensional structures, like temples, ashramaas, houses. It also details as how to construct the above said structures 4. Charya Padam (Behaviour Methodology)

How the deities are carved, worshiped in temples, houses which have the compatible three dimensional shapes for the state of the energy in a particular place. The special, and particular and individual and place specific worships are to be performed given the energy content of a place. This also specifies the process of the linkage between the dual interpretation methodology followed by Agamas called Antaryagam and Bahiryagam of Charya Padam. Dual interpretation technique of Agama Padas Each and every aspect mentioned in the above four broad categories have two different interpretations associated with them. 1. Bahiryagam. External interpretation, which is basically why this thing is done now and how this is to be done. 2. Antaryagam. Internal interpretation, which gives a spiritual connotation to the process performed under a particular agama category and is aimed at serious spritual seeker. This internal interpretation suggests to the spritual seeker that the entire external practices can in fact be taken as steps in one's spritual progress of self realization. Six Goals of Agamas All the 11 branches of Agamas aim at 6 fundamental goals to achieve. They are as follows 1. Utchatana - Vertical integration of natural energies (elecromagnetic, gravitional etc) maintaining the balance of nature 2. Stambhana - Create and increase energy with holding capabilities of a particular place 3. Marana - Destroy the negetive energy influences over a particular area 4. Bhedana - Split diferent energies within a given area to maintain balance of nature 5. Santhi - Maitaining the balance of nature with social progress 6. Pushti - Nourishing the nature and species so that evolution progresses. Grouping of Agama Goals All the 11 branches of Agamas will be dedicated to do one or other goals mentioned above. The above 6 goals are devided in to 3 main groups. And they are called by the three deity names. These names are used to indicate the extent and scope of each group of goals. The following table summarizes the grouping and gives reason for picking up a particular deity name for the branch.

S.No Group Name Goals Pursued Reason 1. Saktheya Agamas UCHATANA, STHAMBHANA Devine Mother the source of all 2. Shaiva agamas MARANA, BHEDHANA Responsible for dissolution 3. Vaishnava agamas SANTHI, PUSHTHI Responsible for preservation of dharma The same system of grouping is used to classify Agama texts. As all the six goals are so important for the maintaining the balance of nature and for the evolution of human beings Acharya Pingala who wrote Pingala Mata states that " aagatham panchavakthraathu gatham cha giriraajaananee matham cha vaasudevasya cha tasmaadaagamamuchyathe " That which comes from Shiva is A and when it merges with Sakthi is GA and the same is when approved by Vishnu it is MA thus it is called Agama. In other words, after all negative energy forces withholding the evolution are destroyed (A), and all positive energies and influences are put in place (GA) then the evolution goes unhindered (MA). AGAMA TEXTS 1. Sakth(ey)a Agamaas Saktheya Agamas are grouped under two types. Dakshina and Vaama (wrongly used as right and left as the literary meaning of the words dakshina is right and vama is left). These are also called Samaya and Koula. Actually Dakshina means that which has duality in it. So in this system, Dualism is important aspect in the beginning. Vama means that which measures by prana life force. Its approach is advaitik non dualistic in nature. So samaya or Dakshina

predominantly use Puranic methodology of rituals and Vama or Kula use Tantric methodology of rituals. The total number of Agama groups under the above two types are seventy seven (77). The total number of Saktheya agamas are classified under 3 categories. Five (5) groups are called Sudha or Samaya Agamaas (Dakshina Agamas dualistic in nature), sixty four 64 are called as Kula Agamaas (Vama Agamas, monoistic in nature), and the remaining eight (8) are called as Misra Agamaas ( both samaya and vama agamas, dualistic and monoistic in nature). Theoretical Basis The Dakshina or Samaya Agamaas declare that Tantra is Vidya and they are part of the Vedas. So through the deities any seeker can realize the essence of Vidya (realization) as explained in the Vedas and merge with the supreme brahman. The Vama and Kula declare that the whole of the Vedas itself is Tantra and this Vidya is nothing but the Para Sakthi and she is not different from the spritual seeker. The Misra takes the approach of both and preaches that in the beginning the need of deity is there but in the end seeker becomes the deity. Ultimately, all the three preaches the unison with the Brahman (Supreme Conciousness) perceived as Sakthi. The most Important Saktha Agamaas are 1. Tantra Raja Tantra 2. Vamakeswara Tantra 3. Rudrayaamala Tantra 4. Kulanrnava Tantra 5. Bala Patala Tantra The following are the commentaries on these Agama texts by great saints. S.No Name Author 1. Prapancha Sara Acharya Sankara

2. Sarada Tilaka Tantra Lakshmana Desika 3. Varivasya Rahasya Bhaskara Raya 4. Agama Vagisa Tantra Sara Krishnananda 5. Sri Tatva Chintamani Poornaananda Paramahansa Parivraajaka 6. Commentary on Soundarya Lahari Lakshmi Dhara 2. Shiva (Shaiva) Agamaas : All these agamaas hold shiva as supreme deity along with Para Sakthi. The purpose of this mode of worship is to use various energy forms for destruction of negative influences. The Shaiva Agamaas are classified in to eleven (11) schools of thought depending on the need and mode of usage of Energy. These are called as Sidhanthaas or established scientific theories. 1.Shiva 2. Pasuphatha 3. Karunika 4. Kapalika 5. Kalamukha 6. Vama 7. Langala 8. Soma 9. Bhairava 10. Nakula 11. Pratyabhijna. Nakula and Langala are grouped under Nakuli Sapa Supata. The Shiva Sidhantha contains 4 sub groups. They are 1. Samanya Shiva 2. Poorna Shiva 3. Misra Shiva 4. Sudha Shiva Among the above eleven (11) only three sidhantas are available. The rest are presumed lost or in safe custody in either China , Tibet or Nepal . The available three sidhantas are 1. Shiva 2. Pasupatha 3. Pratyabhijna. Theoretical Basis All the available Sidhantas propose worship of Shiva with 5 facets 1.

Sadyojatha 2. Vamadeva 3. Tatpurusha 4.Aghora 5. Isana. They preach the process of self realization (shiva realization) through Vidya, Kriya and Yoga. The objective is removing the pasu (beast) from pasa (bondage of material worls) by pati (protector that is shiva). During this process the following 5 principles are studied. 1. pati protector 2. jiva individual jiva 3. yoga process of yoga 4. niyama scriptural rules 5. dhukanta. Process of practice The above self realization or Shiva realization can be achieved by the following approaches called Upayas. There are three types of Upayas behavioural methodologies. 1. Anavopaya 2. Sakthopaya 3. Sambhavopaya. These Upayas guide in the path of Karma (action) which leads to Gnana (knowledge and self realization) and finally lead to Vidya Supreme realization. There are 120 Agamaas in these three sidhantas available. Shiva Sidhanta Agamas Of the one hundred and twenty existing agamas, 28 agamaas belong to Shaiva Sidhantha School , and are classified under 4 heads. 1. Kamika Agamaas 2. Karana Agamaas 3. Suprabhedha Agamaas 4. Vathula and Veera Agamaas. The last one are very important in this tradition. Pasupatha and Pratyabijna Sidhanta Agamas Under the Pasupatha and Pratyabhigna Sidhantha (These systems are Advaithic (monoistic), Dvaithic (Dualistic) and Dwaithaadwaithic (Qualified monodualistic). There are 92 agamaas under these sidhantas and are classified in to 64 schools of thought. Trika school of thought is the most complex among them and it consists three (3) parts. They are 1. Pratyabhigna Sasthra 2. Agama Sasthra 3. Spanda Sasthra. This Trika is the basis of the Shivite Worship in Kashmir . This is the most exhaustive System of the Shaiva

Agamaas which is highly scientific and technical. A part of this is followed in South India by various Shiva Acharyaas. The following are the important treatise on the Shaiva Agamaas S.No. Name Author 1. Siva Gnana Prabhodha Sutra Mekanda Deva 2. Sivagnana Bhasya Sivagra Yogi 3. Brahma mimansa Srikantha Sivacharya 4. Shivakamanidipika Appaya Dikshitha 5. Srikara Bhasya Srikara Panditharadhya 6. Advaitha in Shaiva Agamas Trayambaka 7. Shiva Drishthi Somananda 8. Pratyabhigna Suthra Utpala Deva 9. Pratyabhigna Karika Utpala Deva

10. Tantra Loka Abhinava Guptha 11. Malinivijaya Varthika Abhinava Guptha 12. Pratrimsika Vrithi Abhinava Guptha 13. Paramartha Sara Abhinava Guptha 3. Vishnu (Vaishnava) Agamas Vaishnava Agamaas are three types, 1. Vaikhanasa and 2. Pancha Rathra. 3. Sri Sasthra. The Pancharathra accepts the mode of Vedic and Tantric worship. The Vaikhanasa accepts Vedic worship. The Vaikhanasa system is called Ekayana. The Sri Sasthra which is the scientific basis for the both agamas is not available now. To fill the gap the Pancha Ratra system is vitalized with revived parts of Sri Sastra.. Actually Ekayana or Vaikhanasa is one of the Declencions (sakhas) of the Yajur Veda compiled under the direction of Sage Vaikhanasa, and this declension is not available and the Agama for this declencion is existing in the form of Vaikhanasa Agama. Theoretical Basis The Vaishnava Agamas uphold Lord Vishnu as the supreme brahman along with Sri or Maha Maya. Though these agamas are sudha dwaitik (pure dualistic) in the initial stages they propose the Advaithic (monoistic) philosophy in their final stages. As these agamas are for the welfare of the society they propose eloborate festival and ritual practices which are absent in the other two systems of Agamas. The Vaikhanasa mode of worship stresses that the worship of Vishnu is to be done with out expectation of results or benifits. The vaikhanasa proposes the process of Karma Sanyasa (non atachment twards acton ) and Phala Sanyasa (non attachment towards result). Both Agama types stresses the importance of Gnana (knowledge), Karma (action), and Bhakthi (devotion). The sudha dwaitha (pure dualism) system of realization is adopted in the Vaishnava agamas in the

initial stages. Though all modes of worship 1. Japa (recitation) 2. Dhyana (meditation) 3. Homa (ritual worship through yagna) 4. Archana (worship with lord's names) are stressed, the Archana mode of worship is the most important for the Vaikhanasa Agamas. Vikhanasa is the sage who revived these texts and taught them to 4 of his disciples 1. Atri 2. Bhrigu 3. Kasyapa 4. Marichi All these students contributed to the Vaishnava Agama thought, but unfortunately only a portion of their works is saved. The rest is either lost or presumed to be in safe places in either Tibet , China or Nepal . . Maharshi Atri wrote 4 texts, 1. Purva Tantra 2. Atreya Tantra 3. Vishnu Tantra 4. Uttara Tantra. Maharshi Bhrigu rote 13 texts containing 88, 000 Slokas. They are 1. Khila Tantra 2. Pura Tantra 3. Vasanadhikara 4. Chithradhikara 5. Manadhikara 6. Kriyadhikara 7. Archanadhikara 8. Yagnadhikara 9. Varnadhikara 10. Prathigruhyadhikara 11. Nirukthadhikara 12. Prakirnadhikara and 13. Khiladhikara. Of these thirteen, 6 & 8 are available in print. 3 & 7 & 11 are available in manuscripts, 2 & 4 & 5 & 9 are available in fragments, and the rest are not available. The texts written by Sage Kashyapa and Sage Marichi are not available. Source: Indian Heritage Research Foundation, Ontario . LET US NOT FAIL OR WAVER IN OUR DIVINE SERVICE OF OUR MOTHER LAND. Jai Bharat SCIENCE OF TEMPLE CONSTRUCTION AND AGAMAS - Part-II Critical study into huge structures that preserved and propelled human life, evolution and earth environment A methodical study to understand the facts unraveled by renowned scientists form multi discipline scientific branches for past 120 years all across the continents

Site Selection Criteria and Material specifications used in Temple construction Introduction " India likes gods. And Englishmen like posing as gods " . The English language was part of the pose and power. Indians accepted it, too. E. M. Forster in `A Passage to India '. In this section, we discuss the scientific basis of the temple construction - site selection and basic construction material as expounded in agamas. Unfortunately, for the disappointment of many Indians, these scientific principles are not written in English, a language of imposter gods and 16th century pirates, like John Drake who with the help of British monarchy plundered Portuguese, Spanish galleons to strengthen rising English naval power, which subsequently plundered India and China during 17th to 20th centuries. These scientific principles of agamas were written in the original language of gods - Sanskrit. First, we summarize the similarity of patterns found in various temples across the continents - namely South America, Africa, Central Asia and Middle East . Then, we go through the explanations provided by various scientists for these patterns with the help of techniques developed over a period of 130 years of intense scientific development. While doing so, I tried to mention the Sanskrit equivalents in the brackets in italics. As I mentioned earlier, it is not the objective of this article to write a treatise on Agamas which is impossible and beyond the scope of this article. It is only to provide an explanation to few of the concepts and terms used in Agamas. However, I do present the preliminary discussion summary on why the temples need to be built as explained in agamas in English, taking extreme care in translating the words to mean what they are intended in Sanskrit. In the same way, after the scientific facts are presented, I try to explain few more agama principles relevant to the discussion. But I urge the readers to exercise caution that English is not a sophisticated nor a well developed language (it became a language only form the time of Shakespeare's era) as Sanskrit (cultured and refined thousands of years before) or Girvana (language of gods and no one knows for sure when it evolved), thus may not fully express the meaning of the terms written in Sanskrit. I request the readers to learn Sanskrit itself to study and appreciate the originals. But, I assure that I try to exercise utmost caution in the explanations so that they are close to the original meanings.

Theory of Agamas What is Agama? agnavasthu samanthaasya gamyatha ithyaagamoo mathaha tanuthe trayathe nithyam tantra mithi viduhu budhaha Sabda kalpa Druma The ever expanding and contracting forms of manifestation/creation (movable and non movable) and the relation between them is explained, so it is called Agama. The knowledge of Agama tries to synchronize and protect the delicate balance of creation, so it is also termed as Tantra by learned ones. Agama is called tantra. But what is tantra? tanothi vipulanaarthaan tantra mantra samavithaan traanam cha kuruthe yasmaathanthramithyabhidhhiyathe Kamika Agama. Tantra Tara Patala. As detailed explanations and meanings are provided for protecting the existing creation and its dynamics, it is called tantra. As we have seen, Agama's primary purpose is to protect existing creation and to provide scientific explanations for the acts done in the process of such protection under the Agama Texts. Now the question is what is creation? The theories of creation in the Vedas explain three different aspects and are discussed in three different stages. As for as our discussion is concerned we limit the explanation of first two stages of creation. Different Stages of Theory of Creation I. Stage 1: sat chit ananda Truth Existence Consciousness Manifesting as Energy level (like quarks and beyond)

Name Rough Translation Example Sudha Pure conscious and energy States sakthi (various energy radiations) Asudha Pure Material States energy intermediate states (particles) Misra States of Dual Existence devatas (matter & energy intermediate states)

II. Stage 2: avaranas or koshas / prakriti-purusha / kshetra-kshetrajna Systems and Subsystems (like nebulae, exploding stars, black holes, Milky Way and Solar Family)

Name Explanation Sakthi Kosa Energy subsystem like exploding stars, nebulae Maya Kosha Intermediaries of energy and matter (Quarks, Barons, Yaxions, atoms, electrons, etc.) Prasuthi Kosha Material systems like solar families, galaxies Prakrithi Kosha Material subsystems like 9 planets within solar family-three dimensional manifestations

Jiva Kosha The conscious principle-spirit or soul or atman- that interacts with the above systems and subsystems

III. Stage 3: Nama rupa Gross Manifestation

Name Explanation Varna Resonating vibratory states of existence-evolution Nivrithi ( Systems): process of dissolution Pada ( Grades of Matter): transformation stages in the process of evolution and dissolution Tathva (Types of matter): Dravya, Guna, Karma, Samanya, Samavaya, Elemental matter and its properties Mantra (Energy coefficients, Languages): 14 Matrikaas called Maheswara Sutraas, energy _expression modes like languages, noise, sounds of various nature, frequencies, audible, subtle, and the dynamics of sound light transformations (Sono Luminescence) etc Bhuvana 14 Differing planes of consciousness associated with the above 5 categories

Agama Branches The ancient sages understood that the entire cosmos is nothing but overlaying and intermixing forces/energies mediated by

massive heavenly bodies appearing and disappearing at regular intervals creating a chain of perpetual evolutionary life forms called samsara. These evolutionary systems influence each other far and near either in positive or negative direction and affect various forms of manifested species differently. For the evolution to continue, it is primary to keep the species insulated from negative influences and provide positive energy influences to the maximum extant. That is the purpose of Agamas. This above mentioned concept of the creation and protection of the delicate balance between various energy, vibrations, species and gross matter is elaborated through various branches of Agamas. All these branches start with the name of a deity. Traditionally it is understood that each deity represents a specific energy state with certain parameters, and associated with certain aspects of gross manifestation. So by mentioning the deity name as prefix, particular Agama suggests that its scope of subject matter is limited to the energy state symbolized by the deity and the manifested material states that are directly or indirectly related to that energy state. The following 11 are the main branches of Agamas. Each branch contains thousands of texts associated with it. The listing is not according to their importance but we should start at some point to begin with. 1. Saktha 2. Vaishnava 3. Shaiva 4. Ganapathya 5. Svyambhuva (Brahma) 6. Chandra 7. Saura 8. Pasupatha 9. Kalamukha 10. Cina 11. Jina. The first three and 7 are available now either in full or in part. Rest are either presumed lost or in `safe custody' of USA , Nepal , Germany , France , China or Tibet . Agama Padas (categories) Each branch of Agama will have many texts and commentaries associated with it. Within each branch or within a particular text under consideration the information will be presented in the following broad categories. 1. Gnana Padam (Scientific & Spiritual Explanations) 2. Yoga Padam (Unifying methodology of the agama Process and Symbolism) 3. Kriya Padam (Procedural Methodology) 4. Charya Padam. (Behavioral Methodology) 1. Gnana (Jnana) Padam (Knowledge and Information and explanations)

What ever is discussed in the above three padas are technically and scientifically explained in this part. All needed information like why anything is done or not done is explained from three distinct perspectives or modes of interpretations. 1. Adhi bhoutika: Purely scientific perspective (what we are attempting in this series) 2. Adhi Daivika: Socio - Environmental Perspective (nobody wants now) 3. Adhi Atmika (Adhyatmika) : Spiritual Perspective (nobody cares any more now) 2. Yoga Padam (Unifying Methodology of the Process and symbolism) How the energy manifests in differing states, how to tap it, how to hold it, how to avoid the unwanted energies and use them for the evolution of the mankind, how to transfer the energy held in a place for the people living in that place, by building temples, houses, ashramas. 3. Kriya Padam (Procedural Detail) How to hold the energies in three dimensional structures, like temples, ashramas, and houses. It also details as how to construct the above said structures 4. Charya Padam (Behavior Methodology) How the deities are carved, worshiped in temples, houses which have the compatible three dimensional shapes for the state of the energy in a particular place. The details of special, particular, individual and place specific worships to be performed in accordance with the given energy content of a place. This also specifies the process of linkage between the dual interpretation methodologies followed by Agamas called Antaryagam and Bahiryagam of Charya Padam. Dual interpretation technique of Agama Padas Each and every aspect mentioned in the above four broad categories have two different interpretations associated with them. 1. Bahiryagam. External interpretation, which is basically why this thing is done now and how this is to be done.

2. Antaryagam. Internal interpretation, which gives a spiritual connotation to the process performed under a particular agama category and is aimed at serious spiritual seeker. This internal interpretation suggests to the spiritual seeker that the entire external practices can in fact be taken as steps in one's spiritual progress of self realization. Agamas deal with the second and third stages of creation and try to protect the delicate balance between these states so that human evolution will progress.

The Beginning As discussed in the earlier section, the first interest in the science of temple construction aroused when scientists started studying the Irish round towers or northern England Stonehenge. The odd shape of these boulders and the peculiar circular arrangement of these structures aroused some interest as the same designs were found on Egyptian pyramids and Mayan temples. Since 1830, with the development of Archeo Astronomy, systematic comparative study of hundreds of structures discovered was thoroughly made. The following patterns emerged by the comparative study : & #61623; All these temple layouts were, almost all, aligned with either north south or east west axis. & #61623; The temple towers (gopuras) rising at times as high as 275 feet in to the skies point exclusively towards zodiac signs as depicted in astrological tables. & #61623; All these temple towers were covered with gold plates (unlike in India or far east where alien Islamic nomadic groups perpetuated destruction of temples for gold and precious metals, in other continents it was the Christian missionaries who destroyed these temples for gold, precious metals during 1100-1900). & #61623; The stones used in the construction all across the continents were of a specific variety of granite which we still use in India . & #61623; Foundations dug to at least 9 feet (purusha pramana) or more.

& #61623; Beneath main sanctum sanctorum invariably precious metals worth millions of dollars were aligned in grid like fashion over copper (tamra), gold (suvarna), and silver (rajata) plates embedded with `artistic designs' (yantras). & #61623; As a matter of rule, these huge temples are constructed over hill tops (giri tale), sea shores (sagara teere), in the middle of jungles (vana madhye) and on the banks of great rivers (nadee thate). & #61623; Also, as a matter of rule, these huge temples have a food offering place (Bali vedika-erroneously called by western archeologists as human sacrificial altars) and fire ceremony place (yagna vedika- western archeologists do not know what to call them. So they term them as Sun sacrificial altars). & #61623; All the temple towers besides granite were built with a particular form of clay (mrunmayam or mrittika). Let us see why they followed the same procedures all over the world. The conclusion that all these temples, cultures across continents shared the exact out look of socio environmental-economic life (adhi daivika) with Indians or spiritual religious values with Indians (adhi atmika) is a fore gone conclusion by academicians. To the much dislike of west, it is also an indisputable conclusion that all the above cultures emerged from the cradle of Indian civilization, and it is not the issue we are trying to understand here. The only issue which we have to pursue is what the geographical borders of India were when this convergence took place and when such emergence of cultures took place. The issue we want to discuss is more mundane, earthly and pure scientific inquiry (adhi bhoutika) as to why these builders (shilpis) used a specific granite, specific metals and specific clay for the construction of houses and huge temples. At times the granite stones were transported over more than 5000 miles to build the temples. The clay which comes out of rivers, with specific traces of zinc, silver, gold and nickel, which is used in making drinking water pots and is used by Indians in summer. The clay with which we make idols of gods decorative pieces every year. The clay which was used even in making cooking pots for thousands of years which only in the last 30 years was being replaced by cancer causing fridges, and aluminum vessels. The clay that was used to build houses and temples which lasted 10 times more number of years than the current cement structures whose life is a maximum of 150 years.

The clay-the art and science of it- is being replaced with tremendous rapidity from constructing temples, public places and houses with cement. (In Orissa during the tremendous cyclone hit few years before, the clay-built, most advanced, aero dynamic, tall towering temples (some built even 1000 years before or even their flag staffs) withstood the raging cyclonic wind force of 300 kilometers. While all bridges and other modern engineering structures collapsed. But why Clay? Life in Universe and Evolution on Earth-A perspective Till 1977 all biology, evolutionary biology text books in west (in India even today) taught that only in oceans algae-first forms of life- developed 500 million years ago and the land was dry and devoid of life. Darwin `scientifically calculated' (?????) that from 500 million years old algae (single celled organisms) the modern primate (with billions of multi cell organisms) evolved in 499 million after years after, just 1 Million years ago. Thus Darwin further concluded `scientifically' that from primate man homo sapiens evolved around 100,000 years ago, civilization evolved 7000 years ago with Abraham (??????) and thus the rest of the western `scientists' and Indian `researchers' concluded that Mahabharata war happened around 3500 years ago and Vedas were written 1500 years ago, WHICH IS A LIE. Facts as they roll in Institute of Molecular and Cellular Evolution-University of Miami1977 Harvard University Elso E Barghoorn discovered in rock sedimentations of South Africa (at a site in Swaziland called Fig Tree) green algae and fungi dating back to 3.1 to 3.8 billion years ago. In order to evolve, algae have to find a way to bind oxygen to rocks other wise oxygen kills these algae. Thus scientists concluded that maritime life has to be preceded by life on Earth. So,life evolved on earth first not in sea as Darwin `scientifically' concluded. University of Illinois experiments- Professor. Clifford Mathews (Multi Repeated Experiments) In order to evolve life on earth, two basic molecules are necessary 1. Proteins which perform metabolic functions of living cells

2. Nucleic acids which issue instructions for cells for processing and some how both of these packed within a cell, To become protein, amino acids should under go complex cell division to form long and complex chains and this dividing is done according to instructions stored in DNA deoxyribonucleic acid as transmitted by RNA ribonucleic acid The DNA has a double helix structure connected by rungs (discovered in 1953 by James D Watson and Francis H. Crick) like complex organic compounds marked on genetic charts by the first letters (initials) of the nucleotides compounds A-G-C-T. These can combine in limitless combinations and are bound to the double helix structure by sugars alternating with phosphates. RNA, as complex as DNA built of four nucleotides whose initials are A-G-C-U may in itself contain thousands of combinations. Now how much time earth would have taken to develop these compounds without which the life would not have evolved. 1977-Fossil remains of single cell organisms in South Africa were dated back to 3.1 to 3.4 billion years. 1980-William J. Schopf, University of California at LA found in Western Australia fossil remains of multi cell organisms looked under microscope like chains and dated them 3.5 billion years old. These compounds possessed both amino acids and complex nucleic acidsingredients of Earth life 3.5 billion years before. Thus these represent the advanced stage of life not early stage of evolution of life on earth. But earth's age is dated to be a maximum of 4 billion years old. So scientists concluded that " self replicating bacteria first started in the evolution of life (on earth or where ever) and preceded sea algae. All life on earth from single cell to complex humans all have same genetic material and have only 20 or so amino acids. Even single cell bacteria E. coli (Escherichia Coli) which reproduces not sexually but by dividing has 4000 different genes. 1984-Ocean bed studies (first in Pacific and then in other ) that bacteria still makes life forms possible that do not depend on photosynthesis but by metabolizing Sulphur compounds in ocean

depths. Such bacteria are called archaeo-bacteria. 1984-Professor. Carl R. Woese dated these archaeo bacteria to 3.5-4.0 billion years. 1984-This 3.5 to 4.0 billion year age was corroborated by bacteria findings in Austrian lake by Hans Fricke of Max Planck Institute, Karl Stetter of University of Regensburg both of Germany. 1985-Sediments found off Green Land proved that the photo synthesis was prevalent on earth as early as 3.8 billion years ago. 1989-Norman H. Sleep of University of Stanford (Nature Nov 9, 1989) concluded that whatever life we see on earth and its base organisms evolved within a window of 200 million years - before 3.8-4.0 billion years ago. But the question of how life emerged was not answered by them. They explained the process of life taking its shape on earth. Scientists knew that for life to evolve from gaseous to amino acids tremendous compressed energy was needed and a medium that can transform this energy was needed. The question before the scientists was, was the energy available on earth during its formation enough to trigger the amino acid reactions? Because during the formation of earth, Ammonia and Methane are the simplest stable compounds of Nitrogen & Hydrogen and of Carbon & Hydrogen. These are present in almost all planets and stars in abundant quality and quantity. But no life evolved on many stars. Could the initial earth atmosphere triggered-compounds and the amino acids combine in to chains sustainable conducive for life? The experiments proved that to have such complex mechanisms much more compressed energy was needed than available at the beginning of earth. (Many scientists now believe today that life might have evolved in some inter galactic regions and might probably transported to the earth due to reasons still under investigation. Still they believe that the `thus transported life' to the earth, in order to survive, needs a medium where the adaptation can take place and high compressed energy) This tremendous energy required to trigger such reactions came, according to scientists, from the self rotation of the earth which produces centripetal energy and the thermonuclear reactions that take place within the core of the earth as well as from the

cosmic radiation caused by cosmic dust resulting from the eternal explosion of stars, nebulae, galaxies, etc. Earth rotates around itself at a speed of close to 1000 kilometers per hour. This translates to 1,000,000 meter per 60 minutes. Per minute 16,666 meters which produces a revolution energy equivalent to 10 rose to the power 13 kwh/year (this is reflected as wind, tidal energy of the nature harnessed through massive hydro electric dams). Total energy released from geo-thermal nuclear (energy released from the core of earth) reactions is close to 10 raised to the power 14 kwh/year. Total energy reaches from the Sun is close to 10 raised to 18 kwh/year. How this energy of earth revolution released ? First it converts in to wind, tidal, cyclonic energy. The geo thermal energy is radiated and released through mountain tops (volcanic and non volcanic) (giri tale), sea shores (sagara tate), and where rivers flow (nadee tale.) At the current rate of energy consumption and increase (petrol, diesel, electricity, mechanical, thermal, nuclear) the energy requirements for mankind are close to 10 raised to the power 12 kwh/year, less than the rotational energy of earth. The energy that we use for human consumption (usage) is worth trillions of dollars. Over this energy distribution huge MNCs were built, wars fought, humankind slaughtered. Human beings were able only to drill, get oil, use it directly as fuel or cut trees and use the wood directly as fuel or break atom and use that energy directly or dig coal up and use the energy directly. During this process a massive pollution was created and to a point of threatening the survival of mankind itself with so many diseases for which there is no cure. Science started recognizing impact of above modes of pollution only recently which turned many communities/nations towards alternate sources of energy - a quest to harness wind, tidal, geothermal, solar and cosmic dust energies. Though progress is deliberately slow in this regard due to pressure from the oil companies, still advances are made. But before breakthroughs in the alternate energy sources the scientists realized that radiation energy starting from infra red to gamma rays(that are emitted during every process of life-from single cell organisms to complex nebulae) going to be major health risk that can wipe out mankind from the face of earth. Every living and non living system can be explained as a powerful electro magnetic field emitting various wave length and frequencies of rays affecting and getting affected in the process.

For example, eyes convert all data in to electric signals and brain understands only electric signals and responds via electrical signals either directly or via interference patterns (electrical energy converted in to a series of complementing circles and triangles. Sound through ears is converted in to electrical signals and brain understands and responds via electrical signals. Skin transmits all data via electrical signals and brain understands and responds via electrical signals. Human body acts like a huge bioelectrical dynamo of interlaying electrical signals. Where ever an electrical signal passes, electromagnetic fields are created and thus these fields affect others. In most cases these affect in harmful ways for mankind. High tension electrical wires and associated electromagnetic fields are found to cause cancer in all living organisms that live directly under them. Cell phones, even VDTs (video display terminals-televisions, computer terminals, video games) used continuously affect brain's magnetic fields and cause brain damage. Medical X rays cause cancer, worst in pregnant women abortions, birth defects and induce infertility. In the same way geo-thermal, cosmic dust, the interplanetary gravitational pull and satellites also affect all living things. There is no way we can escape these radiations as we live and sustain among them. Now there is a body of science called Radiation Oncology that studies various radiations and their impact on human beings. How much minimum radiation can affect human beings? A vast body of medical literature exists today in United States , Europe, and Japan documenting the severe effects of computer television video terminal radiation even in occasional users. Fatigue, eye strains, migraines are common with medium range usage (more than two hours) of computers, television, VDTs. Women are most affected who stay prolonged time before VDT (video display terminals). Miscarriages, premature births, birth defects infant deaths are becoming common parlance. Recent research now concentrating on Computer based radiation concluding that human body is far sensitive to very minute disturbances in radiation levels. VDTs generate a range of radiation- X-rays, ultraviolet, infrared, low frequency (LF), very low frequency (VLF), and extra low frequency (ELF). I cannot justify presenting the research on this subject but interested people can go through the excellent research by Paul Brodeur's three part series presented in June 1989, New Yorker magazine or his book " Currents of Death " . Based on the growing research San Francisco recognized the harm caused by computers and passed laws for minimum radiation levels for VDTs and computer

display terminals during 1990. So pollution is two types. First, natural energy pollution-elemental byproduct- (if that is a good term) (devata atripti-dissatisfaction of devatas-or energy imbalances (devata is a manifested energy state) which exists within the nature because of the elemental manifestation (maha bhutas) and associated electro magnetic fields of radiation and vibrations. In their manifested states these elements look and behave as if they were opposites and mutually destructive. So these mutually exclusive and collectively destructive radiations need to be balanced (santhi) and detoxified (sudhi) in order to allow evolution to progress, humankind to survive. Second, man made pollution-evolutionary by product created by performing nishidha karma actions done with half knowledge or actions that should never be done- is created by human beings in the process of surviving and evolution by creating wastes with out properly understanding the theory of balance in nature. Food, food waste drinks (if properly not disposed create deadly bacteria that turn in to poison (visha) can kill everything- mad cow disease, SARS, contaminated meat, irradiated meat, rotten vegetables, synthetic alcohol, narcotics). Also the very needs of humans, fire (by burning coal, wood creates air pollution) large gatherings (more humans put in one place more the carbon-dioxide will be released and oxygen levels will fall causing uneasiness and later diseases) transport needs (animal transport releases ammonia and aids to air pollution when animals fart (problem with large cattle ranches as they contribute to green house gases), mechanical transport causes severe air pollution (by burning fossil fuels like petrol, diesel etc). This will turn poisonous (patina-poison out of fossils) for human health and welfare which need to be balanced (santhi) and detoxified (sudhi) in order to allow evolution to progress, humankind to survive. The major problem with the man made pollutants was and is that they seep in to the food chains and water tables by poisoning them, seep and erode the soil fertility and thus destroys the food production with out which living things cannot survive, destroys the medicinal power of rivers thus turning them in to poisonous dumps. For this problem the only solution is going back to traditional agricultural methods used for thousands of years in India , Africa and South America . Is there a solution from the effects of radiation? Till now, no? With the advances and sophistication reached during last

hundred years coupled with most advanced scientific desciplines mentioned below, scientists are trying to answer some of the above problems-the fundamental grasp of the extent of the dynamics involved scientific desciplines needed- which they are now able to begin to understand. The radiation & toxic balance (santhi) or detoxification (sudhi) can be achieved according to scientist by 1. destroying the unwanted numerous radiation or toxins (maarana)dealt in Radiation Oncology, Astronomy, Radio Astronomy, Physics, Radiation Physics, Particle Physics, genetics, biotechnology and hundreds of associated fields of study 2. blocking various radiations from reaching earth or various pollutants & poisons from reaching human systems or food chains (sthambana) dealt in Biology, Marine Biology, Chemistr y, and host of environmental sciences, hydrology, Chelation Chemistry. 3. disintegrate various radiations and toxins in to harm-less substances (bhedana)-dealt in particle physics, Acoustic Physics, Cosmic Dust Physics, etc 4. integrate all dangerous radiations and toxins with new radiations or elements to render them harm less (uchatana) Metallurgical sciences, Organic & Inorganic Physical Chemistries 5. transforming various harmful radiations or toxins (changing chemical physical properties of substances) in to nourishment for the human beings (pushti) dealt in all the above.

Agamas - Utility of temples Objectives of Building temples-Six Goals of Agamas All the 11 branches of Agamas mentioned above strive to achieve 6 fundamental goals. They are as follows: AGAMA GOAL Explanation Uchatana Integrate all dangerous radiations and toxins with new radiations or

elements to render them harm less Sthambana Blocking various radiations from reaching earth or various pollutants & poisons from reaching human systems or food chains Maarana Destroying the unwanted numerous radiation or toxins Bhedana Disintegrate various radiations and toxins in to harm less substances Pushti Transforming various harmful radiations or toxins (changing chemical physical properties of substances) in to nourishment for the human beings Santhi The radiation & toxic balance

Grouping of Agama Goals All the 11 branches of Agamas will be dedicated to do one or other goals mentioned above. The above 6 goals are divided in to 3 main groups. And they are called by the names of devatas (manifested energy states) deity names. These names are used to indicate the extant and scope of each group of goals. The following table summarizes the grouping and gives reason for picking up a particular deity name for the branch. AGAMA GOAL GROUP GOALS PURSUED Sakthi Agamas UCHATANA, STHAMBHANA Shaiva agamas MARANA, BHEDHANA Vaishnava agamas SANTHI, PUSHTHI

Temples built on agamic principles aim at simultaneously tackling both pollutions- the radiation pollution and man made pollution-at same time to maintain the delicate balance of energy, vibration, species and manifested states. To tackle the radiation pollution, they prescribed: & #61558; to build temples with clay and brick raising towers (gopurams) to more than 100 feet height, & #61558; to engrave the tops of the towers or if possible the entire towers with copper and gold, & #61558; to dig 9 feet beneath the main sanctum sanctorum (purusha pramana) & #61558; to align millions of dollars worth of diamonds and other precious metals (crystals) in grid form, carve stones with a special kind of granite. In order to tackle man made pollution, & #61558; to nourish the fertility of the soil within a radius of 5-10 kilometers radius, they prescribed to perform yagnas, hundreds of daily, seasonal and special rituals, associated regularly within these temples. Temple as huge multitude Radiation Centers As we have seen in the above section, from the beginning the temples all over the world were on the tops of mountains (Sri Sailam, Tirupati, Mangalagiri), near seashores (Rameswaram, Gokarnam), on River banks (Kashi, Nasik, Pandaripur) and amidst forests (Ahobilam). All temples with out exception were built where supreme concentration of cosmic dust falling and/or where the geothermal energy emissions are highest. These can be plotted as infra red emission centers via satellite mapping which most of the western governments did (with an exception of India where these temples along with agama texts exist. How much energy is emitted from these temples need to be studied by professional scientists. Now the question, is how this massive energy accumulating or emitting can be harnessed for the benefit of human kind. The first answer for this question is provided by crystals-diamonds and other precious stones aligned in a grid fashion placed under the Sanctum Sanctorum at 9 feet depth.

Modern science long time back (during 1980s) proved that if precious stones are arranged in a grid like fashion then they pool, amplify and resonate energies in given area. So if a particular kind of geo-thermal radiation is emitted at a particular temple area say Tirupati, then the crystal-precious metal- arrangement beneath the deity will absorb the radiation amplify it and then resonate it through the deity. The alignment varies with the area and energy radiation under consideration. Usually they are aligned along with the `graphic image of energy in Cartesian two dimensional plane' (yantra) that is buried under the deity. Every graphic image of energy (yantra) is different for different areas where temples are built and this creates the differences in the three dimensional representations (devata murti) which are deities that we see in temples. By visiting a particular temple dedicated to a particular god we are entering an arena of altered energy state where various vibrations and radiations will wash us. Can we see them? No as they are radiation. When we take x-ray picture or talk over cell phone electro magnetic radiation is generated which we cannot see. The deity in any temple (which is again a big science it self from selection of stones to final sanctifying) was cut geometrically in such shape that it radiates the energy resonated by the precious metals buried beneath. To achieve this efficiency only certain type of black granite stones that are conducive to this form of radiation are selected, geometrically cut in to idols, energy insulated and kept in temples. The discussion on the selection of stones for carving idols is beyond the scope of this article. Like xrays which need to be connected to a power outlet so too temples are grounded in huge geo-thermal emission areas or cosmic dust bombarded areas. Even millions of wanted / unwanted believers / non believers visit them still their energy radiation capacity does not decrease. One way agamas follow to retain the energy efficiency of the temple area is the continuous recitation of various mantras which also create a sound resonation which will be picked up not only by clay crystals but by gem stones. Let us examine the similarities in intercontinental temples one by one. But why clay? 1. Clay Scientists found that one such important medium of transformation of life on earth was and is clay. Clay provides the basis of life, because of its peculiar properties.

1. Professor. Armin Weiss University of Munich-1990 Clay has two abilities 1. Capacity to store energy 2. ability to transfer energy Clay can reproduce it self. The energy clay can absorb interestingly comes from 1. Earth's electro magnetism, 2. back ground radioactive decay 3. cosmic rays bombardment of earth Graham Cains-University of Glasgow reported that clay act as a catalyst in transforming inorganic matter in to organic matter. 2. Ames Research Center-Mountain View CA-Professor James A. Lawless 1970-1985 Amino Acids (building blocks of proteins) and nucleotides (building blocks of genes) began forming chains if they are deposited on CLAY having traces of Zinc or Nickel and allowed to dry. But these traces of Nickel held on only to the known twenty types of Amino Acids common to all living things on earth. Lelia Coyne-Head of Research Team, Even common clay will trap and transmit all the above three energies. This is achieved through the structural irregularities in the clay crystals like the crystals of gem stones. In these irregular structures the energy is stored. Noam Lahab-Hebrew University, Israel-In order to store energy and affect amino acids present in all life forms of earth the clay has to under go alternate cycles of wetting and drying. This means the dry lands with regular rain cycles, sea shores where there is moisture (sagara tate) or flowing rivers or brooks (nadi teere) with moisture clouds, or mountain tops where air at nights comes with moisture (giri tale), or center of forests where the moisture is generated due to trees and their perspiration (vana madhye). 2. Height of the towers (gopuras) a Note The energy bombarded from cosmic radiation or cosmic dust is more than the energy reaching from the Sun. But during the day this is dispersed due to the Sun's own electrical and magnetic repulsions. They reach peak during nights and are more powerful than the radiation of Sun. The incidence of Cosmic dust is very high over mountain tops (giri tale), open expanse of oceans (sagara tate), and where rivers are flowing (nadi tale). This is the reason why most of the cosmic dust observatories, radio telescopes, astronomical

telescopes, planetariums are all located over the hill tops as over the hill tops the uninterrupted cosmic dust bombardment can be observed. This cosmic dust will be dispersed in low lying areas due to electric bulbs which themselves create electro magnetic fields that disperse the cosmic dust. Between the two tropics, tropic of cancer and Capricorn the duration of day and night is almost equal thus when we observe in the nights the sky also looks more or less same. This means for a scientist observing the cosmic dust it appears that they are coming form the same region of the sky. If we, for division of convenience, super impose the 360 degree rotating zodiac over the night sky, then it appears that cosmic dust is falling form the same zodiac sign. More recently, radio astronomers studying the temple structures pointed out the similarities between the structures of the temple towers (naga vesara and dravida styles) and the sophisticated horn shaped antennas used in radio astronomy that are used to amplify and magnify the weak radiations bombarding the earth from certain directions of cosmos which are in the band width of 14.5 meters or more wave length. But how does this clay built towers can amplify weak radiations coming from certain zodiac regions of cosmos? The answer was again provided by soil scientists who confirmed that CLAY acts as both para magnetic and dia magnetic in alternating cycles which give clay the ability to absorb, amplify and disperse the radiations in to the temple premises and in to the outer perimeter of five kilometer radius towards the soil, houses, people and crops surrounding it. In many temple towns they observed (in South America, Ireland, Scandinavia and Africa for sure and in India either they did not reveal or do not want to reveal their observations) the agricultural scientists observed that the highly para and dia magnetic plants and crops from all directions incline towards the temple towers as if ready to get drenched in the nourishments of cosmic radiation beamed in by the towers. The convex shaped tower tops (kalasas) plated with electro magnetic conducting gold (suvarna), copper (tamra) and silver (rajata) act as catalysts to this process. Precisely for this reason the temples over the tops of mountains are elevated to massive heights and deliberately pointed towards a particular zodiac sign to amplify the radiations coming from that area of cosmos. Also for this reason there is a rule in agamas that state that one should not construct the dwellings within the perimeter of the shadow of any Shiva Temple due to the high grade amplification and radiation associated with the temple premises. To observe and study these cosmic energy phenomenon scientists develop telescopes fitted with series of convex lenses and developed dome structures to station the telescopes. They also

developed power full horn resembling antenna structures like temple towers to collect maximum cosmic dust and amplify the same for analytical purposes. Second reason for elevation of temple towers is Man made Pollutants (from petrol, diesel chemical wastes, factories, burning wood coal etc.) They come out of combustion and will rise high in to atmosphere (hot air goes up and displaces cold air) usually for more than 50 feet and depending on the wind speed and direction will travel in usually east west or north south direction. Where ever wind speed decreases these pollutants will settle down to the ground and affect all life systems there which are called acid rains. One solution provided by modern scientific methods to one such combustion problem with factories is to design factory chimneys to a height of more than `100 feet'. But, these pollutants do not affect the area where the factory is located but will affect the neighboring villages as these pollutants are discharged in higher atmosphere where they travel with the wind to far off areas and affect the life there. As far as petrol / diesel is concerned they emit deadly CO (carbon monoxide). There is no way to prevent this deadly gas that created hundreds of pneumatic illness like asthma, isnofelia, associated lung diseases and ultimately cancer. It also comes with black color that burns eyes, deposits over clothes, trees buildings and discolors them. One solution for discoloring that was found was to use `gold and silver' within the car's exhaust system in a part called catalytic converter. This part costs around $ 300 dollars (Rs. 15,000) and is good for 3 years. The only thing it does is, it absorbs the blackness of CO thus the pollutants come as white smoke that does not affect your clothes, trees or buildings and gives erroneously delusory effect that there is no pollution. This is what many Indians when they come to any western country see. They think that there is no pollution in the west. As in India the induction of catalytic converters started just recently. Within no time. in India too, we can have the same erroneously delusory effect of less pollution. The gold content that they put in catalytic converter can only absorb the blackness causing agents from CO and transform them in to gold or silver halides of whiteness, all the while keeping the pollution intact with its deadly effects. Temples built with clay with convex surfaces will trap the pollutants that travel over 100 feet height in atmospheres and diffuses them and neutralizes them as they are washed with high energies collected within temple premises, or by regular performance of yagnas within the temple premises. During yagnas we burn medicinal herbs which decompose and rise (hot air rises) more than 50 feet to

meet the pollutants and dissolve them in to non toxic elements (sudhi.) 3. Purusha Pramana-9 feet deep- a Note The geo- thermal fusion energy is very strongly felt/experienced below 6-9 feet beneath the earth surface crust (purusha pramana in agamas mean 9 feet). The outer layer of the earth will disperse and dissipate geo-thermal energy in to outer atmosphere due to the interacting with the gravitational energy, sun's energy bombarding the earth, or cosmic dust. 4. Yagnas A Note Yagnas or fire ceremonies are a must within the temples. Though thousands of ingredients are used in conducting yagnas the primary ingredient is the go panchakam (five ingredients that come from cow milk, curd, ghee, urine and dung). The below mentioned point is about one such ingredient of go panchakam cow dung. After Chernobyl accidental radiation leak, Russians want to inoculate all citizens within a radius of 200 kilometers. Then they found that nomadic steppe Indians living very close to the incident area were not affected by Radiation of Chernobyl, where as people, plants, fish and milk as far as England were affected by the radiation. The scientists have learned that groups of sub-continent Indians living in the border lands of Soviet Union, who used dried Cow Dung to seal their huts, were unaffected by Chernobyl Radiation Leak and following Radio Active Contamination. The Russian academy of sciences Director called German, Yugoslav scientists to investigate the matter. Joint experiments were conducted and Joint Research project was under taken by German, Yugoslav and Russian physicists, chemists, radiation experts and other scientists headed by Biochemist Prof. Mato Modric. In Communist Yugoslavia, this group of scientists in the city of Rovinj , conducted experiments on what happens when the ceremony of Yagna or fire ceremony was performed. Under laboratory conditions when scientists burned required ingredients in copper pyramid-a miniature size of Yagna Vedi- their instruments failed to pick up radioactivity in the immediate area an anomaly since Chernobyl incident[1]. According to the participated Physicists, " We believe we can establish the fact of an electromagnetic radiation during the (Yagna) ceremony. But we are in an area what conventional science considers rational, in to an area of informational transfer through

inter molecular and inter atomic process mediated by ultraviolet photons. It is logical to conclude that some kind of energetic mechanism is activated which can be translated in to physical meaning linked to concrete information systems, connected to resonance[2] " . 5. CO pollution and simple recitation mantra or any name of any deity The resonance energy according to scientists is coming from the mantras recited during the yagna ceremony. The scientists accepted that lot of hard research is needed in this field which they are beginning to understand more. One such Research on mantras come from Dr. Phillip Callahan, a Physicist and Entomologist, World War II pilot and Professor at University of Gainesville, Florida, USA. At his Geo-Disc lab in Wichita , Kansas , USA , with the help of latest infra red spectrometer, Dr. Callahan validating the wisdom of Vedas, the overlap of Physics and Philosophy, conducted experiments intoning the basic Vedic mantra `OM ', several times into tonoscope connected to infrared spectroscope. Then he took a print out of and showed the effect of the mantra in the form of group of spikes on the print out. When we recite any mantra or OM in the present context, the sound effect of mantra, energize the molecules of throat. These energized molecules emit infra red radiation. The scientific instrument, Infrared Spectrometer picks up the frequency at which emitted molecules are radiating and identifies the signal frequencies of the molecules. If you know the frequency of an atom or a compound you can identify its presence and amplitude. In case of recitation of OM, the molecule radiating out of body is Carbon Monoxide, a poisonous toxin emitted by burning fossil fuels like diesel, petrol and can kill human beings, plants and animals alike. This gas is also known to cause cancer. So just by reciting OM several times, we can detoxify ourselves form one of the cancerous primary toxin[3]. This experiment is done about OM only since past 10 years- and Indians have to believe this as it is told by Englishman's cousin American and it must be true. We do not know about other powerful mantras and their effect. In India , we don't care. West is doing all research to patent the effects of mantras in near future. 6. Soil Nourished with this radiation While doing the research on ancient agricultural practices Dr. Phillip Callahan found that the ancients some how figured out an eternal source of energizing soil. His research revealed that the energy recovered from cosmos and from earth by the

huge temple towers & temples was, among other things, redistributed to the soil surrounding in 5 kilometer radius. The energy dia magnetic in nature is transferred to the soil thus to the roots and then to the plants. All plants fully grown will incline towards the main temple towers from all directions. In ancient days in India all villages are temple towns. Temple is the center of the town and surrounding which the village used to grow. This layout is still visible in many villages even today. 7. A note on why temples do not protect them There is lot of discussion on the issue why powerful gods of powerful temples could not protect themselves when they were destroyed by aliens and this was a question even posed by many to the author. If temples are very powerful then why did not they protect themselves? We have mentioned above that temples are built as centers of collection of various energies and the deity carved is based on the geometric principles of dissipation and radiation of energy. In this sense, the deity is nothing but the three dimensional representation of the radiation energy which was collected at the temple point. The two dimensional energy is represented in the geometric grid that was carved over the yantra. It is the fundamental law of agamas triple absolutism or abedha rule which states that there is no difference between the mantra (energy quantum) yantra (two dimensional representation) and devata (three dimensional form) all are same but at different planes. In this sense, temples, apart from spiritual center of individual transformation and symbolic representation of the evolution itself, is in physical mundane sense a huge radiation center of energy, like any Super Specialty Hospital with a huge radiation wing. The deity (devata) within temple in spiritual sense (adhi atmika artha) represent the supreme consciousness manifested within universe (viswantargata Brahman within brahmanda) bound by concept of time (kaala) as represented by mutual conversion of energy and matter as represented in e=mc2 (purusha and prakriti) and manifested in well defined states or form like solids, liquids, gaseous and plasma (rupa.) But this is representation only not the physical transfer of Brahman to the geographical location of the temple. In this sense temple is not a military garrison. As any hospital can be destroyed and the radiation machinery worth billions of dollars vandalized by uneducated, unintelligent anti-science and retrograde fanatic cultures, so too the nomadic Islamic tribes invading India cared only about the gold and silver and destroyed the

temples. In the same way the greedy Christians in Americas cared only for gold and silver beneath the temples. Once this source of energy radiation, which is a negative energy balance in nature, which is the temple, was removed from social life of Indians hundreds of thousands of Indians were to die of diseases transmitted by the Europeans with out even fighting. These temples that were looted all across the world in a real sense were universal treasures. They represent the highest intelligence of the human progress, as intelligence is delicate and pious and to be protected so too intelligent inventions need to be protected by powerful administrations and even by people. In this sense it is the failure of the Indian kings that made the temples fall rather than the " no power of deities " . In one of several dialogues, my mentor gave me an analogy. He stated that if a renowned painter paints the picture of a full moon on a map and if some child goes and tears it down to pieces, in this context as the painted image of moon could not defend it self, it does not negate the existence of either moon, or Sun who is responsible for moon to shine, or the capability of the renowned painter to paint. Temples too are same. That is why it is stated in sastras that building and protecting temples is part of environmental debt (deva runa) that every one who took birth has to repay. Conclusion How much power a particular temple radiate? Experiments need be done. There is a rough indicator. One rough indicator is the popularity of the temple in attracting devotees. Medical Astrology which deals with the radiation and vibration energy imbalances within a particular individual and suggests a corresponding exact math of energy needed to correct imbalances prescribes living in certain temple vicinities to get cure for certain health problems. For example Sri Kalahasti temple dedicated to the Vayu Linga of Shiva, said to be the place where the people suffering with leprosy should go and reside for certain duration. In the same way people suffering with one particular form of infertility called naga dosha should visit Rameswaram temple for specified duration. Tip of ice berg. What was depicted in the above pages is the tip of the ice berg. To answer and understand a simple question as to why temples are built with clay we needed hundreds of branches of scientific disciplines and evolution of science over a 200 year period. To provide explanations for agama texts presenting the summary in Sanskrit of all those hundreds of scientific disciplines probably require many

years. Sanskrit is the language of sages who wrote these texts. For generations, temple builders (shilpis), temple worshippers (archakas) temple goers (bhaktas) never questioned the procedures. We lost much of this information during alien invasions that plundered temples just for the gem stones in the ground and gold engravings over the temple towers. In the modern times since 50 years, remaining agama texts are not systematically studied and worst not followed. The greatest crime is that we are shifting the temple construction method from clay to cement. This will destroy those who know the art of temple construction with clay. Once they are dead we can no longer get back the knowledge lost. In the same way, even today in many villages the houses are also built with clay (at times even two three story buildings also) which keeps warmth in winter and coolness in summer (acts as natural air conditioner). By going to cement (which can with stand only for 150 years) in the name of modernization and making MNCs rich, we are doing great dfis-service and injustice to the great knowledge of construction practices (the clay houses last for more than thousands of years as we have seen in the case of temples) that saved us-preceding generations and will save future generations from radiation, disease and illness and destruction. Whether unwillingly or by design or collusion, the process of building the dams over the river is altering two things. First, the electrical flow of the course of the river and thus the associated electro magnetic fields associated with the soil in all temples which are there on the banks of the rivers from the point of dam are all altered. The temples will become slowly powerless as the main source of energy radiation is cut off. Second, creating the huge dams will create the tension and stress by large bodies of water in dam area and this constant pressure will in next 5 to 10 years relieve it self at another place in the form of earthquakes. Many interesting studies are done in this regard all over the world. In the most advanced European countries they follow a system of French canals for irrigation. For electricity they use nuclear than hydro electric energy. They never destroyed their river flows. Indians raced to build the dams and reduced the source of energy radiation to main temples like SriSailam (SriSailam Dam) Tirupati (Kalyani dam) etc altering the main features of existence like soil fertility itself. Also see, recently under extreme linguist regionalismknowingly or unknowingly- the then chief minister Mr. Karunanidhi wanted / ordered to recite mantras only in tamil rather than in original Girvana in all main temples in Tamil Nadu. This process is aimed either knowingly or unknowingly to weaken the power of the temple areas and deities as the continuous recitation of mantra

creates a resonance effect that charges the gem stones, clears the atmosphere from toxins that were pumped by unscrupulous industrial wastes. The resonance energy is picked up by clay built temples to nourish the soil. Since 1964 in all western governments from Switzerland to Germany even NASA spent billions of dollars to study the effects of mantras (ultrasonic, subsonic and sonic frequencies) on atmosphere, weather, earth crusts, growth of plants babies, stratosphere, ionosphere and individuals. India was protected from so much of disease and destruction due to the existence of these temples, and the nourishing food grown with the aid of radiated energies provided by these temples built thousands of years before even today prevent the deadly diseases like AIDS, SARS from affecting us. Unless these temples are destroyed completely, we will not be susceptible to the disease making the MNCs rich. So, as usual, the process of temple destruction is started starting first from snatching temple lands. Then, most of the temple revenues diverted to run the general administrations of state governments and close to 65% of the general revenue come from temple income. Harassing priests, reducing services in temples, ridiculing temple goers, diverting funds for personal use are becoming routine. Dumping temple management boards with totally callous, unscrupulous, corrupt public servants belonging to various political parties who neither knew about temple management nor about the science behind them with a sole aim of destroying the sanctity of temples. And many more. Arise, awake and stop till the goal of following dharma subservient to truth is not achieved. LET US NOT FAIL OR WAVER IN OUR DIVINE SERVICE OF OUR MOTHER LAND. Jai Bharat

Source : Indian Heritage Research Foundation, Ontario .

To increase chaitanya of Temple The Panchamahayajnams (rituals) are called a) Brahma yajnam b) Deva yajnam c) Bhootha yajnam d) Pithruyajnam e) Manushya yajnam Brahmayajnam means Vedapadham. In all big temples a person/persons used to be employed to recite Vedas in the very early morning. In Yajnasala veda recital is at Sadass. In temple it is at Mandapam. Devayajnam is the pooja inside the Sanctum Sanctorum. The recitals resemble that of Yajna.(See item 8) Pitruyajnam is the kriya done inside Thidappilly during Thuval.(Thidappally is the place where cooking is done for Nivedyam, to be offered to God) Thuval is Bhoothayajnam.(worship of all the upadevas located around the sanctum sanctorum) Ootu or feeding is Manushya yajnam.(feeding the poor and pilgrims) Five important items which increase the Chaitanya (spiritual power) of a temple;1. The " thapa sakti of Thanthris and poojaris " The celibate and pure life of these people are of utmost importance for the temple. Recently some of them have become so egoistic, that they try to even go against age-old practices, misinterpreting the tantric laws. At Angadipuram temple one Thanthri forgot that he was a Brahmin and in order to spite the Trustee of the temple, snatched away the bow and arrow from the Trustee's nephew and shot the Jackfruit (representing the wild boar) during the Arat during the Pooram. 2. Murajapam: There should be at least one Brahmin appointed to recite Vedas daily in the early mornings at the temples. He has to sit in the early morning before sunrise on the Mandapam and recite the Vedas. All the three Vedas are to be completed at least once in the month.. A few temples like Guruvayur continue this practice even now. Most of the Devaswam board temples do not have this arrangement. 3. Daily poojas and other rituals.(as given above under panchamahayajnam) 4. Utsavam: Utsavas are of three types. The most elaborate is Ankurathi. There is Prasasada sudhi in an evening, Bimbasudhi next morning, then Ankuraropanam (sowing the seed) before the actual utsava starts. Sowing is done after the seeds are soaked in milk and kept in earthen pots and watered daily after mixing the water with haldi powder. There should be a room at the northeastern corner of the temple called sprout room. Its door should face the west. .Poojas is to be performed before the seeds are kept for sprouting. (Recent experiments have proved that sprouting is faster if soaked in milk,

and haldi powder is an insecticide.) 5) Annadanam: (Feeding the poor devotees and the pilgrims who come to pray at the temple) This is to be done daily for all poor people around, and pilgrims who visit the temple. Nobody can concentrate on God with an empty stomach except great saints. Feeding the poor pleases god. The temples were the centre of all activities in Bharat including the Government.(One reason why the invaders wanted to destroy the temples first). The Rituals in the temple were for the health of the mind and body. Bharathiya sanskruti did not permit us to have an organised (political) religion and we never tried to expand within or beyond our borders. Later when we came under attack from foreign organised religions, many of our brothers lost the freedom to preserve our mental and physical health, Freedom to think what is right and what is wrong and also to carry out healthy rituals. This has resulted in new organisations springing up throughout India to protect the freedom of thinking in Bharat. The name Hindu is given to us by foreigners . The name Bharat means Agni or fire. We did worship Agni (Agnijwala ) because we knew that it reflects the power of the " Sun " , the giver of all energy. Kalasam:- This is carried out whenever renovation is to be done to the pedestal of the Bimbam (Deity) or any part of the sanctum sanctorum at the temple. The chaitanya of the Deity is transferred to earthenware vessels by elaborate rituals and only then are repairs etc done to the Deity (Bimbam) and the sanctum sanctorum. Afterwards the Chaitanya is again retransferred to the deity before regular poojas are conducted.

PLEASE ALSO READ AMAZING SCIENCE PART I & II FROM BHARATH HERITAGE GROUP IN YAHOO.COM

PLEASE ALSO READ AMAZING SCIENCE PART I & II FROM BHARATHHERITAGE GROUP FROM YAHOO.COM

Message from Bharat-Heritage on 27.6.2004 Amazing Science (Part 3) The following topics are researched and the text written by Sadhu Brahmaviharidas AARSH - Akshardham Centre for Applied Research in Social Harmony University (The world's first university) Takshashila (Taxila) Around 2700 years ago, as early as 700 BCE there existed a giant University at Takshashila, located in the northwest region of India . Not only Indians but also students from as far as Babylonia , Greece , Syria , Arabia and China came to study. 68 different streams of knowledge were on the syllabus. Experienced masters taught a wide range of subjects. Vedas, Language, Grammar, Philosophy, Medicine, Surgery, Archery, Politics, Warfare, Astronomy, Accounts, commerce, Futurology, Documentation, Occult, Music, Dance, The art of discovering hidden treasures, etc. The minimum entrance age was 16 and there were 10,500 students. The panel of Masters included renowned names like Kautilya, Panini, Jivak and Vishnu Sharma. __________________________ Taxila University Takshashila, (later corrupted as Taxila), one of the topmost centers of education at that time in India became Chanakya's breeding ground of acquiring knowledge in the practical and theoretical aspect. The teachers were highly knowledgeable who used to teach sons of kings. It is said that a certain teacher had 101 students and all of them were princes! The university at Taxila was well versed in teaching the subjects using the best of practical knowledge acquired by the teachers. The age of entering the university was sixteen. The branches of studies most sought after in around India ranged from law, medicine, warfare and other indigenous forms of learning. The four Vedas, archery, hunting, elephant-lore and 18 arts were taught

at the University of Taxila . So prominent was the place where Chanakya received his education that it goes to show the making of the genius. The very requirements of admission filtered out the outlawed and people with lesser credentials. At a time when the Dark Ages were looming large, the existence of a university of Taxila 's grandeur really makes India stand apart way ahead of the European countries who struggled with ignorance and total information blackout. For the Indian subcontinent Taxila stood as a light house of higher knowledge and pride of India . In the present day world, Taxila is situated in Pakistan at a place called Rawalpindi . The university accommodated more than 10,000 students at a time. The university offered courses spanning a period of more than eight years. The students were admitted after graduating from their own countries. Aspiring students opted for elective subjects going for in depth studies in specialized branches of learning. After graduating from the university, the students are recognized as the best scholars in the subcontinent. It became a cultural heritage as time passed. Taxila was the junction where people of different origins mingled with each other and exchanged knowledge of their countries. The university was famous as " Taxila " university, named after the city where it was situated. The king and rich people of the region used to donate lavishly for the development of the university. In the religious scriptures also, Taxila is mentioned as the place where the king of snakes, Vasuki selected Taxila for the dissemination of knowledge on earth. Here it would be essential to mention briefly the range of subjects taught in the university of Taxila . (1) Science, (2) Philosophy, (3) Ayurveda, (4) Grammar of various languages, (5) Mathematics, (6) Economics, (7) Astrology, (8) Geography, (9) Astronomy, (10) Surgical science, (11) Agricultural sciences, (12) Archery and Ancient and Modern Sciences. The university also used to conduct researches on various subjects. Mathematics Zero The Most Powerful Tool India invented the Zero, without which there would be no binary system. No computers! Counting would be clumsy and cumbersome! The earliest recorded date, an inscription of Zero on Sankheda Copper Plate was found in Gujarat , India (585-586 CE). In Brahma-Phuta-

Siddhanta of Brahmagupta (7th century CE), the Zero is lucidly explained and was rendered into Arabic books around 770 CE. From these it was carried to Europe in the 8th century. However, the concept of Zero is referred to as Shunya in the early Sanskrit texts of the 4th century BCE and clearly explained in Pingala's Sutra of the 2nd century. Geometry Invention of Geometry The word Geometry seems to have emerged from the Indian word `Gyaamiti' which means measuring the Earth. And the word Trigonometry is similar to `Trikonamiti' meaning measuring triangular forms. Euclid is credited with the invention of Geometry in 300 BCE while the concept of Geometry in India emerged in 1000 BCE, from the practice of making fire altars in square and rectangular shapes. The treatise of Surya Siddhanta (4th century CE) describes amazing details of Trigonometry, which were introduced to Europe 1200 years later in the 16th century by Briggs. The Value of Pi in India The ratio of the circumference and the diameter of a circle are known as Pi, which gives its value as 3,1428571. The old Sanskrit text Baudhayana Shulba Sutra of the 6th century BCE mentions this ratio as approximately equal to 3. Aryabhatta in 499, CE worked the value of Pi to the fourth decimal place as 3.1416. Centuries later, in 825 CE Arab mathematician Mohammed Ibna Musa says that " This value has been given by the Hindus (Indians) " . Pythagorean Theorem or Baudhayana Theorem? The so-called Pythagoras Theorem the square of the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle equals the sum of the square of the two sides was worked out earlier in India by Baudhayana in Baudhayana Sulba Sutra. He describes: " The area produced by the diagonal of a rectangle is equal to the sum of the area produced by it on two sides. " [Note: Greek writers attributed the theorem of Euclid to Pythagoras] Mathematics The Decimal 100BCE the Decimal system flourished in India

" It was India that gave us the ingenious method of expressing all numbers by means of ten symbols (Decimal System).a profound and important idea which escaped the genius of Archimedes and Apollonius, two of the greatest men produced by antiquity. " -La Place Raising 10 to the Power of 53 The highest prefix used for raising 10 to a power in today's maths is `D' for 10 to a power of 30 (from Greek Deca). While, as early as 100 BCE Indian Mathematicians had exact names for figures upto 10 to the power of 53. ekam =1 dashakam =10 shatam =100 (10 to the power of 10) sahasram =1000 (10 power of 3) dashasahasram =10000 (10 power of 4) lakshaha =100000 (10 power of 5) dashalakshaha =1000000 (10 power of 6) kotihi =10000000 (10 power of 7) ayutam =1000000000 (10 power of 9) (1 BILLION) niyutam = (10 power of 11) kankaram = (10 power of 13) vivaram = (10 power of 15) paraardhaha = (10 power of 17) nivahaaha = (10 power of 19) utsangaha = (10 power of 21) bahulam = (10 power of 23) naagbaalaha = (10 power of 25) titilambam = (10 power of 27) vyavasthaana pragnaptihi = (10 power of 29) hetuheelam = (10 power of 31) karahuhu = (10 power of 33) hetvindreeyam = (10 power of 35) samaapta lambhaha = (10 power of 37) gananaagatihi) = (10 power of 39) niravadyam = (10 power of 41) mudraabaalam = (10 power of 43) sarvabaalam = (10 power of 45) vishamagnagatihi = (10 power of 47) sarvagnaha = (10 power of 49)

vibhutangamaa = (10 power of 51) tallaakshanam = (10 power of 53) (In Anuyogdwaar Sutra written in 100 BCE one numeral is raised as high as 10 to the power of 140). Astronomy Indian astronomers have been mapping the skies for 3500 years. 1000 Years Before Copernicus Copernicus published his theory of the revolution of the Earth in 1543. A thousand years before him, Aryabhatta in 5th century (400-500 CE) stated that the Earth revolves around the sun, " just as a person travelling in a boat feels that the trees on the bank are moving, people on earth feel that the sun is moving " . In his treatise Aryabhatteeam, he clearly states that our earth is round, it rotates on its axis, orbits the sun and is suspended in space and explains that lunar and solar eclipses occur by the interplay of the sun, the moon and the earth. The Law of Gravity - 1200 Years before Newton The Law of Gravity was known to the ancient Indian astronomer Bhaskaracharya. In his Surya Siddhanta, he notes: " Objects fall on earth due to a force of attraction by the earth. Therefore, the earth, the planets, constellations, the moon and the sun are held in orbit due to this attraction " . It was not until the late 17th century in 1687, 1200 years later, that Sir Isaac Newton rediscovered the Law of Gravity. Measurement of Time In Surya Siddhanta, Bhaskaracharya calculates the time taken for the earth to orbit the sun to 9 decimal places. Bhaskaracharya = 365.258756484 days. Modern accepted measurement = 365.2596 days. Between Bhaskaracharya's ancient measurement 1500 years ago and the modern measurement the difference is only 0.00085 days, only 0.0002%.

34000TH of a Second to 4.32 Billion Years India has given the idea of the smallest and the largest measure of time. Krati Krati = 34,000th of a second 1 Truti = 300th of a second 2 Truti = 1 Luv 2 Luv = 1 Kshana 30 Kshana = 1 Vipal 60 Vipal = 1 Pal 60 Pal = 1 Ghadi (24 minutes) 2.5 Gadhi = 1 Hora (1 hour) 24 Hora = 1 Divas (1 day) 7 Divas = 1 saptaah (1 week) 4 Saptaah = 1 Maas (1 month) 2 Maas = 1 Rutu (1 season) 6 Rutu = 1 Varsh (1 year) 100 Varsh = 1 Shataabda (1 century) 10 Shataabda = 1 sahasraabda 432 Sahasraabda = 1 Yug (Kaliyug) 2 Yug = 1 Dwaaparyug 3 Yug = 1 Tretaayug 4 Yug = 1 Krutayug 10 Yug = 1 Mahaayug (4,320,000 years) 1000 Mahaayug = 1 Kalpa 1 Kalpa = 4.32 billion years (one day of Brahman) + 4.32 billion years (one night of Brahman) 100 years = one life time of Brahman = 3.11 trillion years Plastic Surgery in India 2600 Years Old Shushruta, known as the father of surgery, practiced his skill as early as 600 BCE. He used cheek skin to perform plastic surgery to

restore or reshape the nose, ears and lips with incredible results. Modern plastic surgery acknowledges his contributions by calling this method of rhinoplasty as the Indian method. 125 Types of Surgical Instruments " The Hindus (Indians) were so advanced in surgery that their instruments could cut a hair longitudinally " . MRS Plunket Shushruta worked with 125 kinds of surgical instruments, which included scalpels, lancets, needles, catheters, rectal speculums, mostly conceived from jaws of animals and birds to obtain the necessary grips. He also defined various methods of stitching: the use of horse's hair, fine thread, fibers of bark, goat's guts and ant's heads. 300 Different Operations Shushruta describes the details of more than 300 operations and 42 surgical processes. In his compendium Shushruta Samhita he minutely classifies surgery into 8 types: Aharyam = extracting solid bodies Bhedyam = excision Chhedyam = incision Aeshyam = probing Lekhyam = scarification Vedhyam = puncturing Visraavyam = evacuating fluids Sivyam = suturing The ancient Indians were also the first to perform amputation, caesarean surgery and cranial surgery. For rhinoplasty, Shushruta first measured the damaged nose, skillfully sliced off skin from the cheek and sutured the nose. He then placed medicated cotton pads to heal the operation.

India's Contributions Acknowledged Contributions " It is true that even across the Himalayan barrier India has sent to the west, such gifts as grammar and logic, philosophy and fables, hypnotism and chess, and above all numerals and the decimal system. " Will Durant (American Historian, 1885-1981) Language " The Sanskrit language, whatever be its antiquity, is of wonderful structure, more perfect than the Greek, more copious than the Latin and more exquisitely refined than either " . Sir William Jones (British Orientalist, 1746-1794) Philosophy ~If I were asked under what sky the human mind has most fully developed some of its choicest gifts, has most deeply pondered on the greatest problems of life, and has found solutions, I should point out to India " . Max Muller (German Scholar, 1823-1900 Religion " There can no longer be any real doubt that both Islam and Christianity owe the foundations of both their mystical and their scientific achievements to Indian initiatives " . - Philip Rawson (British Orientalist) Atomic Physics " After the conversations about Indian philosophy, some of the ideas of Quantum Physics that had seemed so crazy suddenly made much more sense " . W. Heisenberg (German Physicist, 1901-1976) Surgery " The surgery of the ancient Indian physicians was bold and skilful. A

special branch of surgery was devoted to rhinoplasty or operations for improving deformed ears, noses and forming new ones, which European surgeons have now borrowed " . Sir W.Hunter (British Surgeon, 1718-1783) Literature " In the great books of India , an Empire spoke to us, nothing small or unworthy, but large, serene, consistent, the voice of an old intelligence which in another age and climate had pondered and thus disposed of the questions that exercises us " . - R.W.Emerson (American Essayist, 1803-1882)

LET US NOT FAIL OR WAVER IN OUR DIVINE SERVICE OF OUR MOTHER LAND. Jai Bharat

Amazing Science (Part 4) Grammar Phonetics, Phonology, and Morphology Panini's grammar has been evaluated from various points of view. After all these different evaluations, I think that the grammar merits asserting ... that it is one of the greatest monuments of human intelligence. Panini Article by: J J O'Connor and E F Robertson School of Mathematics and Statistics University of St Andrews, Scotland Born: about 520 BC in Shalatula (near Attock), now Pakistan Died: about 460 BC in India Panini was born in Shalatula, a town near to Attock on the Indus River in present day Pakistan . The dates given for Panini are pure guesses. Experts give dates in the 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th century BC and there is also no agreement among historians about the extent of

the work which he undertook. What is in little doubt is that, given the period in which he worked, he is one of the most innovative people in the whole development of knowledge. We will say a little more below about how historians have gone about trying to pinpoint the date when Panini lived. Panini was a Sanskrit grammarian who gave a comprehensive and scientific theory of phonetics, phonology, and morphology. Sanskrit was the classical literary language of the Indian Hindus and Panini is considered the founder of the language and literature. It is interesting to note that the word " Sanskrit " means " complete " or " perfect " and it was thought of as the divine language, or language of the gods. A treatise called Astadhyayi (or Astaka ) is Panini's major work. It consists of eight chapters, each subdivided into quarter chapters. In this work Panini distinguishes between the language of sacred texts and the usual language of communication. Panini gives formal production rules and definitions to describe Sanskrit grammar. Starting with about 1700 basic elements like nouns, verbs, vowels, consonants he put them into classes. The construction of sentences, compound nouns etc. is explained as ordered rules operating on underlying structures in a manner similar to modern theory. In many ways Panini's constructions are similar to the way that a mathematical function is defined today. Joseph writes in [2]:Sanskrit's potential for scientific use was greatly enhanced as a result of the thorough systemisation of its grammar by Panini. On the basis of just under 4000 sutras [rules expressed as aphorisms], he built virtually the whole structure of the Sanskrit language, whose general 'shape' hardly changed for the next two thousand years. ... An indirect consequence of Panini's efforts to increase the linguistic facility of Sanskrit soon became apparent in the character of scientific and mathematical literature. Joseph goes on to make a convincing argument for the algebraic nature of Indian mathematics arising as a consequence of the structure of the Sanskrit language. In particular he suggests that algebraic reasoning, the Indian way of representing numbers by words, and ultimately the development of modern number systems in India , are linked through the structure of language. Panini should be thought of as the forerunner of the modern formal language theory used to specify computer languages. The Backus Normal Form was discovered independently by John BACKUS in 1959, but Panini's notation is equivalent in its power to that of BACKUS and

has many similar properties. It is remarkable to think that concepts which are fundamental to today's theoretical computer science should have their origin with an Indian genius around 2500 years ago. At the beginning of this article we mentioned that certain concepts had been attributed to Panini by certain historians which others dispute. One such theory was put forward by B Indraji in 1876. He claimed that the Brahmi numerals developed out of using letters or syllables as numerals. Then he put the finishing touches to the theory by suggesting that Panini in the eighth century BC (earlier than most historians place Panini) was the first to come up with the idea of using letters of the alphabet to represent numbers. There are a number of pieces of evidence to support Indraji's theory that the Brahmi numerals developed from letters or syllables. However it is not totally convincing since, to quote one example, the symbols for 1, 2 and 3 clearly don't come from letters but from one, two and three lines respectively. Even if one accepts the link between the numerals and the letters, making Panini the originator of this idea would seem to have no more behind it than knowing that Panini was one of the most innovative geniuses that world has known so it is not unreasonable to believe that he might have made this step too. There are other works which are closely associated with the Astadhyayi which some historians attribute to Panini, others attribute to authors before Panini, and others attribute to authors after Panini. This is an area where there are many theories but few, if any, hard facts. We also promised to return to a discussion of Panini's dates. There has been no lack of work on this topic so the fact that there are theories which span several hundreds of years is not the result of lack of effort, rather an indication of the difficulty of the topic. The usual way to date such texts would be to examine which authors are referred to and which authors refer to the work. One can use this technique and see who Panini mentions. There are ten scholars mentioned by Panini and we must assume from the context that these ten have all contributed to the study of Sanskrit grammar. This in itself, of course, indicates that Panini was not a solitary genius but, like Newton , had " stood on the shoulders of giants " . Now Panini must have lived later than these ten but this is absolutely no help in providing dates since we have absolutely no knowledge of when any of these ten lived. What other internal evidence is there to use? Well of course Panini

uses many phrases to illustrate his grammar and these have been examined meticulously to see if anything is contained there to indicate a date. To give an example of what we mean: if we were to pick up a text which contained as an example " I take the train to work every day " we would know that it had to have been written after railways became common. Let us illustrate with two actual examples from the Astadhyayi which have been the subject of much study. The first is an attempt to see whether there is evidence of Greek influence. Would it be possible to find evidence which would mean that the text had to have been written after the conquests of Alexander the Great? There is a little evidence of Greek influence, but there was Greek influence on this north east part of the Indian subcontinent before the time of Alexander. Nothing conclusive has been identified. Another angle is to examine a reference Panini makes to nuns. Now some argue that these must be Buddhist nuns and therefore the work must have been written after Buddha. A nice argument but there is a counter argument which says that there were Jaina nuns before the time of Buddha and Panini's reference could equally well be to them. Again the evidence is inconclusive. There are references by others to Panini. However it would appear that the Panini to whom most refer is a poet and although some argue that these are the same person, most historians agree that the linguist and the poet are two different people. Again this is inconclusive evidence. Let us end with an evaluation of Panini's contribution by Cardona in [1]:Panini's grammar has been evaluated from various points of view. After all these different evaluations, I think that the grammar merits asserting ... that it is one of the greatest monuments of human intelligence. Article by: J J O'Connor and E F Robertson School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews , Scotland " Panini, famous grammarian of the Sanskrit language, lived in India some time between the 7th and the 4th centuries B.C. Following in the steps of the Brahmi alphabet makers, he became the most renowned of the grammarians. His work on Sanskrit, with its 4,168 rules, is outstanding for its highly systematic methods of analyzing and

describing language. The birth of linguistic science in Western Europe in the 19th century was due largely to the European discovery of Panini's Sanskrit grammar, making linguistics a science. The modern science of linguistics is the basis for producing alphabets for languages yet unwritten today. " JAARS Alphabet Museum Box 248 Waxhaw, NC 28173 Panini's grammar (6th century BCE or earlier) provides 4,000 rules that describe the Sanskrit of his day completely. This grammar is acknowledged to be one of the greatest intellectual achievements of all time. The great variety of language mirrors, in many ways, the complexity of nature and, therefore, success in describing a language is as impressive as a complete theory of physics. It is remarkable that Panini set out to describe the entire grammar in terms of a finite number of rules. Scholars have shown that the grammar of Panini represents a universal grammatical and computing system. From this perspective it anticipates the logical framework of modern computers. One may speak of a Panini machine as a model for the most powerful computing system. Source: Staal, F. 1988. Universals. Chicago : University of Chicago Press. Panini was a Sanskrit grammarian who gave a comprehensive and scientific theory of phonetics, phonology, and morphology. Sanskrit was the classical literary language of the Indian Hindus. In a treatise called Astadhyayi Panini distinguishes between the language of sacred texts and the usual language of communication. Panini gives formal production rules and definitions to describe Sanskrit grammar. The construction of sentences, compound nouns etc. is explained as ordered rules operating on underlying structures in a manner similar to modern theory. Panini should be thought of as the forerunner of the modern formal language theory used to specify computer languages. The Backus Normal Form was discovered independently by John Backus in 1959, but Panini's notation is equivalent in its power to that of Backus and has many similar properties.

LET US NOT FAIL OR WAVER IN OUR DIVINE SERVICE OF OUR MOTHER LAND. Jai Bharat

Vastu Shastra &

Gopurum of Temple built according to Vastu Shastra By Swami B. G. Narasingha With the passing of the ages empires are created and destroyed, new cultures appear and then again fade, like changing seasons into the shadows of eternity. Vanishing into oblivion, all that remains of those that were once great and powerful in this world are but a handful of relics. Time, the destroyer of all things, vanquishes even the most invincible empires leaving behind their remnants to be marveled at by future civilizations. And marvel we do at the wonders of the past, especially the architectural wonders. Be it the pyramids of Egypt, the cathedrals of Rome, the Parthenon of Athens, the Forbidden City in Beijing, or Stonehenge, our mind is at once awed by the beauty and grandeur of ancient architecture. Vastu Sastra continued Vastu Shastra & Sacred Vedic Architecture cont. Until recent years modern society has viewed much of the world's ancient architecture and art as " simply decorative " or, in a general sense, as a tribute to God; not that it might have any " practical " function in helping us to understand tha nature of the world we live in. However, recent studies in the field of sacred architecture (Vastu Shastra) by men like Keith Critchlow of the Royal College of Art in London have uncovered hidden dimensions revealing a farreaching connection between architecture and the nature of existence. Critchlow, perhaps the best-known advocate of the theory of sacred

architecture, believes that basic architectural principles on the physical level are integral with structure on the metaphysical level.

Yali, Protector of the Temple . Most sacred architects maintain that the ultimate reality exists beyond the mundane plane of temporary forms. As such, that higher reality, infinite in nature, can make itself known to the finite living entities, in the world here below. It does so through revealed forms which, while seemingly limited and temporary, provide a bridge between the finite and the infinite.Some regard the ideal forms of sacred Vastu architecture as metaphors while others prefer to see them as fixed, eternal truths. In any case it is a fact that sacred architectural forms (as presented in the Vastu Shastra) have the ability to uplift the human consciousness from the mundane reality to the supernatural.William Irwin Thompson of the Lindisfarne Mountain Retreat in Colorado says about his chapel, " Anyone entering our chapel-no matter what their religion-would feel the sacred calling of the place and wish to sit in silence. " Architect Michael Baron reports that people sometimes cry the first time they enter the Lindisfarne Chapel. He explains, " They find it touches something very familiar inside them. Others don't say a word; they sense the sacredness of the place. They may not be sure what's going on, but they are affected by it. " Throughout the world it's hard to find a place where sacred architecture is as developed a science as is that found in India . India 's ancient temples and palaces are certainly among the finest ever built. From the Taj Mahal, the seventh wonder of the world, to the Pagodas of Tamil Nadu, from the Himalayan hill shrines to the great temple at Jagannatha Puri , India is a veritable treasure-house of sacred architecture. In fact there are more existing examples of sacred architecture in India than in all other countries of the world combined.The knowledge of sacred architecture in India has existed in the oral tradition since before the Vedic Age, some five thousand years ago. From the oral tradition it was later recorded in the

Sanskrit mantras and compiled under the title Vastu Shastra. According to Indian authorities the Vastu Shastra is possibly the oldest known architectural treatise in the world today.The word shastra means literature or more accurately " enlightened literature. " The word vastu, meaning the manifest, comes from the word vustu, meaning the unmanifest. The philosophical purport of the words vustu and vastu form the basic concepts of India's sacred architecture and are among the first lessons taught to the students of Vastu Shastra. That which is manifest in this world, vastu, it is said, is originally existing on the plane of the transcendental or unmanifest, vustu.To instruct the beginning students of the Vastu Shastra about the meanings of vustu and vastu, the unmanifest and the manifest realities, the example is used of the moon and its reflection in water. " The moon is present in the sky, but when rising above a lake it becomes visible or manifest in the water. In the same way the origin of all things exists first in the eternal reality and then becomes manifest here below in the world of gross sensual objects. " This simple analogy demonstrates the nature of vustu, that which exists eternally, and vastu, that which is temporarily manifest.The students of the Vastu Shastra thus perceive existence in terms of two dimensions: first the infinite spiritual realm and second the finite accommodating space for insentient material objects. This concept of a superior plane of existence, where the original form of things exist eternally, is the basis of India 's sacred architecture. Maya danava, founder of sacred architecture While researching sacred architecture we talked with Ganapati Sthapati, the Senior Architect at the Government College of Architecture and Sculpture in Mahabalipuram, South India . Sthapati informed us that the science of the Vastu Shastra is traceable to at least the year 3000 B.C., if not before. The earliest known master of the Vastu Shastra was Maya Danava, recognized as the founder of the tradition of India 's sacred architecture. Sthapati, who holds the esteemed title Brahma Sri, awarded to him by the government of India for his achievements in the field of architecture, further assured us that the science of Vastu Shastra is a living tradition in India and is in no danger of becoming extinct.We visited several classrooms at the college where students are taught the variety of skills and techniques necessary in the science of sacred architecture. Beginning with concept and design, the students are taught each and every aspect of sacred architecture: geometry, drafting, stone sculpture, bronze casting, wood carving, painting, etc. All the textbooks and reference materials are written in Sanskrit, which every student is required to learn.Those students who excel in all phases of sacred architecture will graduate with a degree in architectue and receive the title Sthapati. Those students specializing in a particular

department of sacred architecture like sculpture or painting become certified as Master Artisans. After earning a degree graduating students will have the opportunity to apply their designing skills in building temples and other facilities requiring knowledge of the Vastu Shastra.Of all types of structures in the field of sacred architecture, the building of a temple requires the utmost degree of knowledge and training. Those building a house, a school or even an office building take into consideration the basic knowledge of sacred architecture for successful execution; but the temple, being the very abode of divinity, requires the greatest skills and is the most painstaking in its execution. In the development of a temple project all phases of construction from beginning to end are thought out and executed according to the direction of the Vastu Shastra. Ganapati Stapati, the Senior Architect at the Vastu Government College of Architecture First of all it is necessary to select a suitable place where the temple should be built. The suitable choices are mentioned in the Vastu Sastra: " The best location to build a temple is at a tirtha (holy place). " " A tirtha, " says Ganapati Sthapati, " is a ford or crossing place from this world to the above-a point of marriage between transcendence and the mundane. A tirtha provides a crossing place for the upward journey of the soul and a place for the downward crossing-for the crossing of higher entities who sometimes descend to this world for the good of mankind. " If construction of the temple at a tirtha is not possible then another appropriate location should be found. The vastu shastra then s ays, " The temple of Godhead should be situated in a beautiful place where rivers flow, on the banks of a lake or by the seashore; on hill tops, mountain slopes, or in a hidden valley. The site of the temple may be selected in a forest, a grove, or in a beautiful garden. Temples should also be built in villages, towns and cities or on an island, surrounded by water. " Next a construction plan is required and here begins the highly technical aspect of sacred architecture-to bring about the descent or manifestation of the unmanifest and unseen. Ganapati Sthapati explained this process to us in great detail. " The architect or Sthapati begins by drafting a square. The square is literally the fundamental form of sacred architecture in India . It is considered the essential and perfect form. It presupposes the circle and results from it. Expanding energy shapes the circle from the center; it is established in the shape of the square. The circle and curve belong to life in its growth and movement. The square is the mark of order, the finality to the expanding life, life's form and the perfection beyond life and death. From the square all requisite forms can be derived: the triangle, hexagon, octagon, circle etc. The architect

calls this square the vastu-purusha-mandalavastu the manifest, purusha the Cosmic Being, and mandala, in this case, the polygon. " When completed the vastu-purusha-mandala will represent the manifest form of the Cosmic Being; upon which the temple is built and in whom the temple rests. The temple is situated in Him, comes from Him, and is a manifestation of Him. The vastu-purusha-mandala is a mystical diagram. It is both the body of the Cosmic Being and a bodily device by which those who have the requisite knowledge attain the best results in temple building. " The conception of the " Cosmic Being " as a person has held a prominent place in Indian theistic thought since time immemorial. We were shown an interesting quotation in the ancient Sanskrit literature that illustrates the personal features of the Cosmic Being. " The planetary systems in space from the highest down to the lowest represent the head, neck, chest, thighs, legs and feet, respectively, of the Great Universal Being. His arms are the divine entities headed by Indra, the ten directional sides are His ears, and physical sound is His sense of hearing. His mouth is blazing fire. The sphere of outer space constitutes His eye sockets and the eyeball is the sun as the power of seeing. The rivers are His veins, the trees are the hair of His body and the omnipotent air is His breath. The passing ages are His movements. " [1] The perception of the Cosmic Being is considered to be the preliminary stage of self-realization and thereby a qualified form of pantheism.which gradually leads one to understand the personal feature of the transcendent Godhead.The concept of spirituality in the system of sacred architecture in India is something that goes beyond the mere static relations between inert objects and space as found in other architectural traditions. The relationship of objects with one another and space in India 's sacred architecture extends to include higher entities said to be in charge of various aspects of universal affairs, all of whom carry out their work in accordance with the will of God.In order to establish the vastu-purusha-mandala on the construction site, it is first drafted on planning sheets and later drawn upon the earth at the actual building site. The knowledge of its meaning and execution is the first discipline which the architect must master and it requires in-depth understanding of astrology. The drawing of the mandala upon the earth at the commencement of construction is a sacred rite in itself. The rites and execution of the vastu-purusha-mandala, for which a priest will also be summoned later on, are not accessory nor are they a mere accompaniment to the temple. They sustain the temple in their own sphere of effectiveness to the same extent that the actual foundation supports its weight. Based on astrological calculations the border of the vastu-purushamandala is subdivided into thirty-two smaller squares called nakshatras. These nakshatras correspond to the constellations or

lunar mansions through which the moon passes in its monthly course. The number thirty-two geometrically results from a repeated division of the border of the single square. It denotes four times the eight positions in space: north, east, south, west, and their intermediate points. The closed polygon of thirty-two squares is now symbolical of the recurrent cycles of time as calculated by the movements of the moon. Each of the nakshatras is ruled over by a divine entity, called a deva, which extends its influence to the mandala. Outside the mandala lie the four directions, symbolic of the meeting of heaven and earth and which also represent the ecliptic of the sun-east to west and its rotation to the northern and southern hemispheres..

The center of the mandala is called the station of Brahma, the first of beings and the engineer of universal order. Surrounding Brahma are the places of twelve other entities known as the sons of Aditi, who assist in the affairs of universal management. The remaining empty squares represent the akasha or pure space. The vastupurusha-mandala is now complete, forming a sort of map or diagram of astrological influences that constitute the order of the universe and the destinies of human lives. When placed on the building site the vastu-purusha-mandala determines the time for beginning construction. Only by the combination of the vastu-purusha-mandala and astrological calculations can this factor be ascertained.The temple itself should always face east as that is considered the most auspicious directionthe place of origin of the sun. From the east appears the rising sun, the destroyer of darkness. The sun is the giver of life. It brings joy and happiness and is the watchful eye of the " Cosmic Being. " The vastu shastra states that a building with improper proportions and wrong orientation will create an environment which is conducive to

disturbances like disease, death and destruction, and may be inhabited by subtle entities with envious and deceitful natures.As we learned more and more about the science of sacred architecture, it became apparent that the construction of a domestic building or of a temple is something like the birth of a human being-who according to the time and place of his birth will come under certain astrological influences throughout life. The time of construction, the place and position of a structure are all important factors for the future of the building. Therefore, according to the vastu shastra, all structures should be erected according to auspicious astrological calculations to assure successful execution, longevity, and lasting prosperity.From the diagram of the vastu-purusha-mandala the architect next proceeds to develop the vertical and horizontal dimensions of the temple. Here too a wide range of factors must be taken into consideration. To guide the sacred architect of today a long and rich tradition of already existing temples and sacred buildings in India serves as a great inspiration to his work. The architect's creative intelligence will be an all-important ingredient in the final design, while the mandala and the vastu shastra will continue to be the tools of his execution.The size of the structure will determine the various kinds of building materials to be used at different stages of the construction. Building materials like stone, marble, brick, plaster, wood, etc., are selected for the main body of the temple, whereas elements like gold and silver will be used for final ornamentation. Only organic materials are used in sacred architecture. Manmade materials like simulated marble, plastic and asbestos are not acceptable building materials. The reason being that inorganic materials are not considered adequate conductors of cosmic energies.The plotting graphs of the temple are divided into two main sections-the ground plan and the vertical alignment. The square, the rectangle, the octagon and the pentagon are fundamental patterns in the horizontal or ground plan. In the vertical alignment the pyramid, the circle and the curve are most prominent. The subdivisions of the ground plan include the brahmasthana (the main shrine and smaller chapels) and the mandapam (balconies, assembly halls and auditoriums). The vertical plan consists of drawings for the gopuram (entrance ways), the vimana (the structure above the main shrine or chapel) and the prakara (the walls).The brahmasthana is said to be the principal location in a temple since it is here that the seat of Godhead will eventually be placed. At the base of the foundation of the brahmasthana, located at the station of Brahma on the vastupurusha-mandala, a ritual is performed called garbhadhana, the ritual which invites the soul of the temple to enter within the buildings confines. In this ritual a brahmin, priest, places a golden box in the earth during the ground-breaking ceremonies. The interior of the box is divided into smaller units exactly resembling the vastu-

purusha-mandala. All the units of the gold box are first partially filled with dirt. In the thirty-two units representing the nakshatras (lunar mansions), the units of Brahma and the twelve sons of Aditi, the priest places an appropriate mantra in written form to invoke the presence of the corresponding divinity.The Sanskrit mantras chanted by the priest are in no way less important than the mandala itself. The mandala having set up an archetypal diagram of universal order, the mantra infuses the mandala with spiritual powers. The mantras chanted by the priest are distinct from ordinary mundane sounds. Mantras, composed of " atomic " monosyllabic sounds derived from the Sanskrit alphabet, are said to be non-different from the very substance which they invoke. The mantras are the subtle form of the mandala and are inseparable from it. As the architect must have undergone extensive training in the field of sacred architecture and astrology to construct the mandala, similarly the brahmin who chants the mantras must also have requisite knowledge of the science of sacred sound vibrations.In the unit of Brahma a golden serpent with many raised hoods is placed. The serpent form is then surrounded with nine precious jewels or navaratna. Ananta represents the energy which supports the very existence of the universe. The universe rests in space and that space is the energy of Godhead appearing as Ananta. The nine jewels- diamonds, emeralds, rubies, pearls, yellow sapphire, blue sapphire, red coral, cats-eye and jade-invoke the astrological influence of the nine planets.A gold lid with the seven continents of the earth engraved on it is placed on top of the box. When this is done the priest then performs the ritual sacrifice or sanctification ceremony called agni-hotra, the fire sacrifice. During the agni-hotra the priest offers clarified butter, the symbol of religious principles, into the fire, which represents the mouth of the Cosmic Being. Along with the offering of clarified butter five types of grains-rice, wheat, barley, rye and dhal, all produced of the earthare also offered in the fire. This too is performed with the chanting of mantras. Jagannatha Puri TempleOnce the garbhadhana and agni-hotra ceremonies are complete the actual construction of the temple takes place according to the previous preparations. When the foundation is finished the vertical structure is raised and the body of the Cosmic Being becomes visible to the naked eye. The external features of the temple are brought to life through finely sculpted figures and paintings. The art and sculpture frequently portray the forms of divine entities and the different stages of consciousness in the gradual evolution of life throughout the universe. This is no less exacting a science than that of the architect or of the brahmin priest. Muthai Sthapati, an instructor at the Goverment College Architecture, pointed out that it is often the work of the master artisan, through painting and sculpture, that most enables one to

perceive the actual sacredness of the temple.The prakaras or walls that fortify the temple may vary in size and number according to the dimensions of the temple. Larger temples, like the one in Sri Rangam, are sometimes surrounded by up to seven concentric walls which represent the seven layers of matter-earth, water, fire, air, either, mind and intelligence-that cover the original consciousness of the living entities in the material world. The gopurams, or gateways through the prakaras, are symbolic of being liberated from the bondage of matter as one enters the temple and proceeds toward the central shrine.

Solid gold vimana above the Deity at Shri Rangam Temple The vimana or tower, also called the shikara, is raised to its final height above the sanctum as the last stones are put into place. Resembling a great mountain, the vimana is crowned with a golden spire called kailash, the heavenly abode. At the sides of the vimana are fixed the fierce faces of Yali, the protector of the temple. The temple is now ready for the ceremony known as pratistasthana, the installation of the deity. The scared altar in the brahmasthana, central shrine, is located directly above the gold box, placed in the earth during the garbhadhana ceremony. Here on the sacred altar representing the heart of the Cosmic Being, the deity of Godhead called the archa-vigraha, the manifest form of total divinity is installed. The mandala, the mantra, and above all the sincerity and faith of the participants combine together to invoke the appearance of Godhead. The universe is the manifestation of the divine form of Godhead in the world of mundane existence. The body of the temple is the representation of that cosmic form, whereas the archa-vigraha is the manifestation of the transcendental form of Godhead descending from beyond the mundane. The ceremony for installing the deity is performed with great pomp and upon its completion the temple is complete..There are altogether forty-five basic varieties of temples mentioned in the vastu shastra. These too have their many variations and thus the styles of sacred temple architecture in India are as unlimited and diverse as the very nature of the infinite being they represent. From the drawing table to the finished product of a gorgeous temple,

sacred architecture in India is a science and a work of art. Moreover it is an attempt to raise the human consciousness to the stage of self-realization where one ultimately sees Godhead everywhere, in all things, and at all times. References: 1. Keith Critchlow, Order in Space, Thimes and Hudson (1969). 2. Kramrisch, Stella, The Hindu Temple, Motilas Banarsidas, N. Delhi (1976) Reprinted from Clarion Call Magazine by permission.

--- On Sun, 8/3/08, Ravishankar Gopal <ravishankar_g@...> wrote: From: Ravishankar Gopal <ravishankar_g@...> Subject: [Vedic Wisdom] What is called Agama, Temples and similar Questions To: " asthika samaj " <asthikasamaj@...>, " parama acharya " <paramaacharya >, iyer123 , " Bangalore iyers " <bangaloreiyers >, " 4Brahmins " <4brahmins >, " Telugubhakti " <telugubhaktipages >, " telugupeople " <telugupeople >, " iyengar " <iyengarsunited >, " malaysianhindu " <malaysianhinduism >, " caribbeans Hindus " <caribbeanhindus >, " hinduism " <hinduism >, " hinduscanada " <hindus@...>, " hindusociety " <hindu_society_korea >, " Hinduyouths " <hinduyouths >, " janoi " <janoi >, " vedic wisdom " <vedic_wisdom >, " vedicliterature " <vedicliteraturethesupremescience >, " ozhindus " <ozhindu >, " Htsyouth " <htsyouth >, " Brahmin association " <BRAHMINASSOCIATION-owner@...>, " brahminsgroup " <brahminsgroup >, " FHRS_USA " <FHRS_USA >, " jaimaamaharani " <jaimaamaharani@...>, " jaimaatha " <jaimaathawewali >, " usbrahmins " <usbrahmins >, " delhindu " <delhindu > Date: Sunday, August 3, 2008, 5:25 AM Radhe Krishna To All,

What is called as 'Agama?' Sri Sri Muralidhara Swamiji: The makings of deities of Gods, consecrating it, performing puja, were all brought under the norms of the Shastras. This is called as 'Agama' Shastra. ____________ _________ _________ _________ _ How many 'Agamas' are there? Sri Sri Muralidhara Swamiji: There are twenty-eight 'Saiva' Agamas and two 'Vaishnava' Agamas. 'Vaishnava' Agamas consists of two groups viz. 'Vaikanasam' and 'Pancharatram' . The former is based on the Vedas but the later was formed separately without any Vedic leaning. 'Sakta' Agamas are based on Devi puja. These belong to States of Bengal and Orissa. They are also called 'Vamaccharam' . ____________ _________ _________ _________ _ Is 'Vastu' Shastra a part of 'Agama' Shastra? Sri Sri Muralidhara Swamiji: Yes. 'Vastu'Shastra is a part of 'Agama' Shastra. The principles of 'Vastu' find a place in 'Shilpa'(sculpt idols) Shastra, too. 'Vasi' and 'Tatu' put together form what is called as 'Vastu'. *This provides the guidelines for the construction of a building. ____________ _________ _________ _________ _ Streets run around the Temples. Does this, too, fall under the guidelines of 'Vastu' Shastra? Sri Sri Muralidhara Swamiji: In every Town it is the practice to build a Temple either in its center or in its Southern corner. And the houses are placed (built) depending on the location of the temple. This is also as per 'Vastu' tradition. ____________ _________ _________ _________ _ What does 'Garbadanam' mean?

Sri Sri Muralidhara Swamiji: A vessel made of either silver, gold or bronze is placed below the Sanctom Sanctorum of the Temple where the 'Moola Murti' (Main Deity) is to be consecrated. This practice of burying the vessel below the earth is called 'Garbadanam' . Water from the holy rivers, soil from holy places, 'navaratnam' (nine kinds of gems), 'navadaniyam' (nine kinds of grains), etc. are dropped into this hole. The weapons of the particular God to be consecrated in this Temple are also placed in it. For e.g. if the main deity is Lord Vishnu then His five weapons namely 'Gada', 'Katgam', 'Sarngam', 'Shankam', 'Chakram', will be placed here. ____________ _________ _________ _________ _ How does the idol in a Temple acquire the 'sanithyam' (the power)? Sri Sri Muralidhara Swamiji: Vedam consists of six parts. A Temple also has six prominent parts Adishtanam, Pikti, Prastaram, Peevam, Sigaram, Stupi. These six parts are complementary to each other. They should not change in any way. If changed the deity loses its 'sanithyam'. While in the initial stage of making the idols, viz. waxing, shaping the clay, making the mould, they should be done amidst loud chanting of mantras. That is, the work should be carried out while listening to the mantras. Only then the 'bimbamurti' (the form of the idol) will become a 'mantramurti' (a form with power). Power gets into it only through Bhakti and Mantras. That idol which has been installed without mantra consecration will be lifeless. ____________ _________ _________ _________ _ What is the proof ('pramana') that the Presence ('sanidhya) of Bhagavan is found only in the Sanctum Sanctorum ('garbagraha' ) of a temple? Sri Sri Muralidhara Swamiji: " In several other parts of a big temple we find other forms ('roopa') of the Deity (Murti) found in the Sanctum sanctorum. These deities are found to be in similar style ('amaippu'). In some temples these are found to be more beautiful and at times bigger than the Main Deity. But, people do not feel devotion and faith (bhakti-shraddha) on seeing these deities. This is because these deities do not possess the 'sanidhya' ------------ --------- --------- --------- ---In which part of a Town should the Temple of Lord MahaVishnu be

constructed? Sri Sri Muralidhara Swamiji: MahaVishnu Temple should be constructed on the western side of the Town's Centerpoint. To its North-western corner, Lord Shiva's Temple should be constructed. Nearby should be the Temple of the 'Sapta Madar' (seven Goddesses). This is the reason that Goddess Durga also bears the name of 'Vadavayil Selvi' (Lady of the Northern door). It is also the practice to build Lord Subrahmanya' s Temple close to MahaVishnu Temple. It became the practice to place 'ugra murthys' (deities/gods of fiery temperament) on the outskirts. But, it has also been the tradition to consecrate these deities along with 'Thayar' (Goddess) so as to calm them down. ____________ _________ _________ _________ _ What is the significance of 'Nivedanam' and 'Deepa Aradhana' in our Puja? Sri Sri Muralidhara Swamiji: Raja Yoga has eight steps or 'angas' towards the final goal. The rituals and rites have their own procedures. Likewise, 'Niyama Puja' (Pujas as prescribed by the Shastras) have 16 'angas' or parts like 'Aavahanam', 'Aachamanam' etc. Of these, 'Nivedhanam' and 'Deepa Aradhana' are key aspects. So we perform at least these two as a part of our daily pujas. ------------ --------- --------- --------- --------- -In Temples, why is 'teertha prasad' given three times? Sri Sri Muralidhara Swamiji: 'Teertha prasad' is given three times to protect one from untimely (unnatural) death, to destroy all the sins and for cure from all diseases. ____________ _________ _________ _________ _ While there are innumerable ancient Temples in dilapidated state new Temples keep sprouting up! Even the simple, daily pujas are not being performed properly. Why? Sri Sri Muralidhara Swamiji:

May be people think that Temple construction/ renovation bestows 'punya' (merits)! This sad state of affair would not exist if one remembers that performance of proper and regular puja and proper maintenance of the Temple is also necessary following its construction/ renovation. ____________ _________ _________ _________ _ Some people build temples but do not bother to maintain it and arrange for the daily conduct of puja. Why does this happen? Sri Sri Muralidhara Swamiji: This is because people think that one can earn merits ('punya') just by building temples and that temples are built only to earn merits. ------------ --------- --------- --------Can women do Sashtanga Namaskar? Sri Sri Muralidhara Swamiji: According to the scriptures, only men are permitted to perform Sashtanga Namaskar. ------------ --------- --------- ----There is a Perumal temple in my native village that is locked up most of the time and the `Archaka' would not hand over the keys or responsibilities to anyone. I requested them to take measures to have it renovated, however no one is willing to take responsibility. Every other small temple by the roadside becomes famous in no time, but this ancient temple is in a sad state. When will this be renovated? It is my ambition to have it renovated. Sri Sri Muralidhara Swamiji: One can become rich by honest earnings or through unlawful means. However the second path is not permanent. In the same way, a temple becomes famous by its `sannidhyam' (presence of divinity of the Lord). It could become popular through publicity etc., but that is not permanent. In order to bring about Sannidhyam in the temple, organize Akhanda Maha Mantra Kirtan for 7/24 in the temple precincts with not less

than 3 bhaktas chanting at any point in time. When this is performed. The Lord will show a way out and a solution towards renovation will definitely be born. Regards Please Chant Hare Rama Hare Rama Rama Rama Hare Hare Hare Krishna Hare Krishna Krishna Krishna Hare Hare and be happy http://www.indiadivine.org/audarya/hinduism-forum/747487-agama-vastu-sciencetemple-constructions.html