print name (first last): course: ECET 207

______________________ 12/18/2006

your lab partners name ______________________ lab date (mo/day/yr): ______________________

lab section (day time): ______________________ instructor: ______________________

Phase Angle Measurements

Spring

Performance Check
_____ Phase angle measurement demonstration

Lab Report Scoresheet

Prelab initial submission (on time, with calculations, complete) Prelab correction of all marked errors (due with report)
All required signed Performance check offs

(15%) (5%)

__________ __________ __________ __________

(35%) (35%)

Lab Report Purpose, Approach and Results Proper grammar, capitalization, spelling -2% each error Any other errors -3% each error

Lab Report Analysis and Conclusions Proper grammar, capitalization, spelling -2% each error Any other errors -3% each error Questions not answered in the form: 1. xxx, 2. yyy -3%

(10%)

__________

Total

__________ Late Penalties

Late to lab (-1%/min) Late report (* 0.5)

___________ ___________

Final Report Grade %, (maximum = 100%)

__________

ECET 207

Phase Measurements

Prelab Calculations
For the circuit in Figure 1

Figure 1 RC Series Circuit 1. Calculate

XC =

1 2fC

XC = __________

2.

Calculate the phase shift

X = 90 tan 1 C R

= __________

3.

Repeat the calculations for the following frequencies. Present your results in a neat data table. At a minimum, include columns for the calculated phase, measured phase, and % error. Provide rows for each of these frequencies. Place your results in the calculated column. All other columns will be completed during the lab exercise.
f = 100 Hz, 150 Hz, 300 Hz, 750 Hz, 1200 Hz, 3000 Hz

ECET 207

Phase Measurements

Objectives
1. 2.

Calculate phase shift manually. Measure the phase angle and capture the oscilloscope display. (Read the follow information. The procedures are in the next section, on the next page.)

Theory
A.

Manual Calculations
For the circuit in Figure 1, the phase angle between the voltage across the source and the voltage across the capacitor can be calculated by using equations 1and 2.

R 22k

XC =
1Vrms 100 Hz C 47 nF

1 2fC

equation 1 equation 2

Figure 1 Series RC circuit for phase measurements

X = 90 tan 1 C R

B.

Measurement

With the horizontal axis of the oscilliscope calibrated in time, the phase angle between the two waves is expressed in the ratio and proportion of equation 3.

t = 360 T
t C 360 deg T

equation 3 equation 4

360 t T

Figure 2 Signal display for phase measurement

ECET 207

Phase Measurements

Procedures
Set-up
1.

Connect the circuit in Figure 1. Set the amplitude of ein to 1Vrms. Assure that the input has a zero Vdc level.

Figure 3 Series RC circuit for phase measurements 2. 3.

Set the frequency of ein to 100 Hz. To measure this phase angle with the oscilloscope, connect CH1 across the source and CH 2 across the capacitor. Notice when using both ground leads to the oscilloscope, they must be connected to the same point. Be sure that the trigger source is set to CH1. Press The TRIG MENU button, then from the trigger menu shown on the right side of the screen, select CH1 for the source. Press the CH1 MENU button. From the CH1 menu shown on the right side of the screen, press the Coupling button until it is Ground. Move the position knob to place the trace (yellow trace) across the center of the screen. Then press the Coupling button to return the coupling to DC. Repeat these procedures for CH2 (blue trace). When the vertical and time base controls are properly adjusted, the oscilloscope will display two signals similar to those in Figure 4. Your numbers will be different.

4. 5.

TRIG MENU POSITION

CH1 MENU

Figure 4 Oscilloscope dront panel: TRIG MENU, CH1 MENU, and POSITION controls

ECET 207

Phase Measurements

Cursors
1.

Turn the cursors on by pressing the cursor button on the oscilloscope.

C U R S O R

Figure 5 Oscilloscope front panel: cursor button 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

From the Cursor menu shown on the right side of the screen, choose Time for the Type and CH1 for the Source. Use the Position knob above the CH1 MENU button to move the cursor for CH1, move this cursor until it crosses the CH1 trace as it passes through common going positive. Use the Position knob on top of the CH2 MENU button to move the cursor for CH2. Move this cursor until it crosses the CH2 trace as it passes through common going positive. Read the time difference from Cursor menu shown on the right side of the screen underneath Delta. Compute the phase angle in degrees for this delta time (t).
= 360 t = 360 t f T

If your measurement is more than + 4 different from your calculated value, stop, and remeasure. If you are still unable to get to within +4, ask for help from your lab instructor. Enter the data from the measurement into your data table.

8.

ECET 207

Phase Measurements

Screen Captures from the Tektroinx TDS 2014 Oscilloscope

1. 2. 3.

Begin by assuring that the display on the oscilloscope is correct and ready to be captured. On the computer select Start\Programs\EET Applications\OpenChoice Desktop\OpenChoice Desktop. The Tektronix OpenChoice Desktop software opens. Click on Select Instrument. A blank screen appears in the middle of the OpenChoice Desktop. Click on
Refresh. In ASRL1::INSTR ASRL2::INSTR

4. 5.

the OpenChoice Desktop the following appears.

Double click on ASRL1::INSTR. A blank white screen appears in the middle of the OpenChoice Desktop. The Get Screen button is enabled. Click on
Get Screen.

6.

bar appears. It takes about 1 minute for the data to transfer to the computer. The Modify Note button is enabled.
Performing Operation Progress

7. 8. 9.

Press the Modify Note button. Then the id, the time, and date with a descriptive title. Be sure to indicate what signal is on which channel.
Save As to your career account, or Copy to Clipboard, then paste into a photo editing program to improve its quality.

Use the improved quality picture for your report.

ECET 207

Phase Measurements

When you write your report, in a photo editing program (such as PhotoShop), a. Change the color to gray scale. Image\mode\graytone
b. Produce a negative. and text.
Image\adjustments\invert

This produces a white background and black lines

c. Crop off the black edges. Below is an example of the results.

Figure 6 Sample edited oscilloscope screen capture

ECET 207

Phase Measurements

Further Measurements
1.

Repeat all of the steps above for each of the other frequencies, but, do not take any additional oscilloscope screen captures: f = 150 Hz, 300 Hz, 750 Hz, 1200 Hz, 3000 Hz. Completely scramble the signal generator and the oscilloscope controls. Demonstrate to your lab partner that you can make the phase angle measurement without reference. When both you and your lab partner are able to accurately set up the signal generator, and the oscilloscope, and make accurate phase measurement correctly, demonstrate these to the lab instructor. Instructor checkoff

2. 3.

Analysis and Conclusions

1. 2. 3. Describe in a paragraph how to use the oscilloscope to make a phase measurement. This should be a summary, in your own words, of the procedures from the first section of the lab. Insert into the word document the data table that compares the manual, measured, and a column of simulated phase measurements. Explain any errors over 4 .