Cold War Meaning of Cold War It is a state of hostility between rival countries that stops short of actual fighting.

Instead, conflict takes the form of propaganda, economic measures and a general policy of non-cooperation 2. It is a war in which both sides never really attack each other. It is a war of threats and insults. 3. It became a standoff between western capitalism and communism 4. State of Hostility 5. No actual fighting 6. Conflict takes many forms of non-cooperation -Propaganda -Economic Measures Differences of Capitalism and Communism Capitalism w Free Market Enterprise w Allow people to live in their own lives w People enjoy their own fruits of individual labor Communism Needs of individual were subordinated to those of the society as a whole w Classless Society w Profits of labor would be shared between people Comparing Capitalism and Communism w 1.

MAJOR KEY PLAYERS: Nikita Khrushchev was born in 1894, and died in 1971. From 1958 until 1964, he was premier of the Soviet Union. During his time in office, he helped organize the Austrian State Treaty, and also provoked the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962. He was on the leading board when the USSR. launched Sputnik in 1957,. w Joseph Stalin was born in 1879 and died in 1953. He had a dictatorial authority over his country from 1923 to 1953. He led his country through World War II, and was mostly responsible for splitting up Germany into its territories. Stalin was also responsible for creating the environment of the Cold War. w John F. Kennedy was born in 1917 and died at his assassination in 1963. He became the 35th president of the United States in 1961 and was so until his assassination. He was responsible for the Bay of Pigs, and helped his country regain its dignity through the Cuban Missile Crisis. In addition to the Bay of Pigs invasion, Kennedy was also responsible for at least a few assassination attempts on Fidel Castro of Cuba. w Richard M. Nixon was born in 1913 and died in the mid-90s. He was 37th president of the United States from 1969 to 1974, and led his country through a detente with the Soviet Union. Nixon withdrew the American troops in Vietnam, and also managed to make an ally with the Peoples Republic of China. The Watergate scandal in the 1970s led to his resignation. w Mikhail Gorbachev was born in 1931 and is still living. He became the final premier of the Soviet Union, and eventually led it to its collapse. Gorbachev, during his time in office, sought to end the hatred between the United States and Soviet Union, and ended the Cold War with the collapse of the USSR. w Fidel Castro Ruz was born in 1926(27), and became Cubas dictator in 1959. Castro stood against the Bay of Pigs, an invasion from the US. government, and about thirty other assassination attempts from the same government w Vladimir Lenin was born in 1870, and died in 1924. He founded the Russian Communist party. Lenin organized the Revolution of 1917, which brought communism to Russia. Shortly thereafter, Lenin became the dictator of Russia. He was so until his death. From his death until 1991, what is now St. Petersburg in Russia was called Leningrad Major Places of the Cold War w w The Soviet Union was one of the two major players in the Cold War. This country took major damage from crises such as the Cuban Missile Crisis and Berlin Wall, and eventually their economy collapsed and they converted to a capitalistic economy Cuba was a minor player in the Cold War. When Fidel Castro took over, the United States authorized an invasion of this country. This invasion, known as the Bay of Pigs, was a hideous failure. When the United States failed on the invasion, the Soviet Union sent missiles to Cuba. The United States threatenedquarantine" and the Soviet Union yielded.

Capitalism - Policy of the West - Elections - Free Market Enterprise - People enjoy their rewards of what they work for - Freedom of religion and government - People live their own lives Main Reason of the War: w Difference in their Economy and Political System Beginning of Cold War The Yalta conference is often cited as the beginning of the Cold War. This meeting of the "Big Three" at the former palace of Czar Nicholas on the Crimean southern shore of the Black Sea took place February 4-11, 1945. Other things that led up to Cold War: 1. Communist Revolution in 1917 2. Big Red Scare 3. Palmer Raids in 1921 Causes of Cold War w w w w Communist Revolution in 1917(The Americans fear communism this time) World War II (destruction of common enemy between the Americans and the Soviets) Roosevelts Death (Truman was much more critical to communism)

Domino Effect/Theory Cold War did not exist only between the United States and the Soviet Union nor did it only take place in Eurasia and the US, The Cold War even took place in the West. Bay of Pigs w A secret invasion made by JFK to Cuba. Cubas dictator Fidel Castro did not support US instead applied SOCIALISM ( modified communisttype of government) w Soviet Union helped Cuba, they shipped weapons overseas to Cuba w A Terrible disaster in History w called such because it was after the bay the invaders landed in Effects of Bay of Pigs: w w The Cuban Missile Fiasco After the Bay of Pigs, Soviet Union becomes overconfident on the weakness of US w Soviet ship missiles to Cuba to assist them w Kennedy posted a naval blockade around Cuba to get the Soviet Union to yield and demanding withdrawal of missiles. w In return for a refrain from attacks on Fidel Castro, the Soviets agreed w The US pledged never to invade Cuba and to remove some missiles bases in Turkey w Kennedy vs. Nikita Khrushchev w Stalin divided Germany in to four zones administered by the occupying armies of the US, Great Britain, France and Soviet Union w However, only 2 divisions remained: West of Germany and East of Germany. w West was controlled by US w East was controlled by the Soviets w Because of the division, Khrushchev built a wall across the city called the BERLIN WALL DETENTE w was a period of ease for the US and the Soviet Union also known as DEATH of the COLD WAR their weaponry ability had improved , their responsibility with the weapons had also improved Reasons of Achieving Dtente: w w w Nuclear Parity Through quick technological advancements. The soviet union and US gained ability to send ballistic missiles to the other side w Both were aware of the other sides ability, so were quicker to negotiate w Hotline Agreement w A Hotline was rooted from Washington to Moscow, and both sides agreed to talk to each other about their discontentments instead of killing each other w Relations between two countries improved MAJOR EVENTS IN THE COLD WAR: w w w w w w w w w 1917 - Communist Revolution in Russia 1945 - End of World War II 1945 - Germany Splits 1949 - Communists Control China 1949 - Soviets Test Nuclear Technology 1954 - Communists Invade Vietnam 1955 - Austrian State Treaty

1957 - Sputnik Satellite Launched 1959 - Castro Controls Cuba 1960 - Soviet/American Summit in Paris 1960 - Gary Powers is Captured During Summit 1960 - John F. Kennedy is Elected President 1961 - Berlin Wall is Erected 1961 - Bay of Pigs Invasion 1962 - Cuban Missile Crisis 1963 - Hotline Agreement 1963 - Detente 1963 - Kennedy is Assassinated 1964 - Lyndon B. Johnson Becomes President 1969 - Strategic Arms Limitation Talks 1972 - Nixon Goes to China 1988 - Gorbachev Becomes Premier of Soviet Union w 1989 - Berlin Wall Collapses w 1991 - Communism in Russia Dies Weapons w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w Nuclear Technology w Ballistic Missile w Atomic Weapon w Hydrogen Bomb w Space Satellite Conclusion/Result w w w w w The conclusion of the Cold War came with the rise of MIKHAIL GORBACHEV, the Final Soviet Premier Seeked to make peace with the West He was awarded the Pulitzer Peace Prize With the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Berlin wall also broke up Russia and Germany are now CAPITALIST countries