DESIGN OF CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL

Data:Height of Retaining wall(h) = Height of wall above G.L= Height of wall below G.L= Density of back fill soil&material in toe portion(y) = Grade of concrete = Grade of steel = Ground water Table level = Angle of shearing resistance of back fill material&material at toe portion(Q) = Angle of face of wall supporting earth with horizontal(a)(In degrees) (in clock wise direction) Slope of back fill(b) = Angle of wall friction (q) = Undrained Cohesion ( c) = Safe bearing capacity(SBC) = Surcharge over the back fill(s) = (Assumed) Characteristic compressive strength = Tensile strength of steel = Coefficient of active earth pressure by Coulomb's theory Ka = sina sin(a-q) Sin(a+Q) sin(Q+q)sin(Q-b) sin(a+b) From the above expression, Ka = 0.32 3.60m 3.60m 0.00m 1840Kg/Cum M25 Fe415 2.6m below GL 30 87.66 0 15 0Kg/sqm 30000Kg/sqm 0.60m 25N/sqmm 415N/sqmm

Dimensions of the Cantilever wall(Assumed for preliminary design):Thickness of base slab = Total width of the base slab = Thickness of stem at bottom = Thickness of stem at top = Length of the toe = 0.30m 2.70m 0.30m 0.15m 0.00m

3.60m

G C 2.70m

Coefficient of active earth pressure by Coulomb's theory Ka = 1- SinQ 1+SinQ

From the above expression, Ka = 0.33 353.3Kg/sqm 2473.0Kg/sqm

Earth pressure at top including surcharge = K ays = Earth pressure at bottom including surcharge = K ay(s+h) = Pressure distribution is as shown below:353.3

3.60m

2473.0 Total earth pressure = It acts at a hieght of from the base 5087.2Kg/m 1.35m

Stability calculations:Load(Kg) Weight of the stem = Wieght of base slab = Wieght of soil on heel including surcharge = 1856.25Kg 2025.00Kg 17222.40Kg 21103.65Kg Note:-Weight of soil on the toe is neglected on the assumption that,it is scoured. Horizontal earth pressure force = 5087.23 1.35m Lever arm about C 0.20 1.35 1.35

Lever arm x =

M= V

0.92m

Eccentricuty e = b/2-x = Maximum stress = Minimum stress = P/A(1+6e/b) = P/A(1-6e/b) =

0.43m

<b/6

Hence there is no uplift Hence safe

15284.95 < SBC 347.39 0.45

Coefficient of friction between soil and footing u = Factor of safety against sliding =(uFx0.9W)/Ph =

1.68 >1.4 Hence safe

Factor of safety against overturning =

3.84 >1.5 Hence safe.

Design of heel:Length of heel = Downward load intensity due to self weight = Downward load intensity due to soil including surcharge = TOTAL 2.40m 2025.00Kg/m 20865.60Kg/m 22890.60Kg/m

The upward pressure distribution below the heel slab is as given below:G 347.39Kg/sqm 15284.95

0.30m

2.40m = 13625.22Kg/sqm 16767.13Kg/m 0.50m 1.20m 19020.30Kg-m/m 28530.46Kgm Mu/0.138fckb = 400.00mm 342.00mm 287.57mm

The upward pressure intensity at point 'G' is Total upward pressure force due to soil reaction =

The distance of centroid of upward soil reaction from 'G' is = The distance of centroid of downward load intensity from 'G' is = Resultant moment = Factored bending moment Mu = Effective depth required d = Over all depth provided =

Effective depth provided(Assuming 50mm cover) d = Mu/bd2 = 2.439

From table 3 of SP 16,percentage of steel required = Area of steel required = Hence provide 20mm dia HYSD bars@ 115mm c/c spacing Hence Ast provided = Check for shear:Percentage of tension steel = Maximum shear force on the member = 0.8 #REF! 2730.43sqmm

0.781 2671.02sqmm

Factored Design shear force = Nominal shear stress tv =Vu/bd =

#REF! #REF! <2.8 N/sqmm(As per Table 20 of 1S 456)

Hence section is safe from shear strength point of view The design shear strength of concrete for the above steel percentage from Table 19 of IS 456 is 0.47 N/sqmm > 0.36 Hence,no shear reinforcement is required. Provide temperature re inforcement @ 0.12% Area required = 360.00sqmm

Taking 8mm dia HYSD bars,the spacing comes to 130mm However,from safety point of view,provide 8mm dia 2 legged stirrups @ 125mm c/c The reinforcement detailing is shown in the annexure.

Design of wall or stem:Factored bending moment Mu = Effective depth required d = Over all depth provided = Mu/0.138fckb = 300.00mm 252.00mm 10301.64Kgm 172.80mm

Effective depth provided(Assuming 40mm cover) d = Mu/bd2 = 1.622

From table 2 of SP 16,percentage of steel required = Area of steel required = Hence provide 12mm dia HYSD bars@ 200mm c/c spacing Hence Ast provided = Check for shear:Percentage of tension steel = Maximum shear force on the member = Factored Design shear force = Nominal shear stress tv =Vu/bd = Hence section is safe from shear strength point of view 76.31KN 0.22 565.20sqmm

0.085 214.20sqmm

50.87KN

0.30 N/sqmm <2.8 N/sqmm(As per Table 20 of 1S 456)

The design shear strength of concrete for the above steel percentage from Table 19 of IS 456 is 0.47 N/sqmm > 0.11

Hence,no shear reinforcement is required. Provide temperature re inforcement @ 0.12% Area required = 270.00sqmm 90.00sqmm

Provide 1/3rd of above reinforcement on earthen side = Provide 8mm dia @ 300mm c/c on earthen side Provide 2/3rd of above reinforcement on other side = Provide 8mm dia @ 200mm c/c on other side

180.00sqmm

Provide 10mm bars at 300mm c/c vertically on the outer face to support horizontal rods The reinforcement detailing is shown in the annexure.

24 24.01516

Moment(Kg-m) 371.25 2733.75 23250.24 26355.24

-6867.76 19487.48

285304600

(As per Table

386.4615385

(As per Table

167.4666667

287.0857143

287.0857143

Section of beam:-