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Measuring temperature: Platinum Resistance thermometers

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Measuring temperature: Platinum Resistance thermometers

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MEASURING TEMPERATURE: PLATINUM RESISTANCE THERMOMETERS

Algorithms - Temperature
Written by Administrator Monday, 06 December 2010 13:45

Platinum resistance thermometers

Within a limited range several metals and alloys have an approximately linear resistivity alteration depending on temperature. Resistance thermometers are sensors that allow determining temperature by measuring the electrical resistance of the sensor, assuming that it is in thermal equilibrium with the medium to measure. Thus, respective sensors can be used within their specific range to calculate temperature by polynomial approximation. Platinum has a positive temperature coefficient, meaning that electrical resistance increases with raising temperature. Platinum Resistance Thermometers (PRT) are often manufactured of coiled platinum wire or as film thermometers with a layer of platinum applied on non conductive substrates. They are used in the range -200C t 850C. Outer these bounds polynomial approximation is not assured and higher temperatures are often problematic for proper use. Depending on the application the platinum freely extends into the medium to measure, is mounted on non conductive materials or encapsulated in housings for rugged use. PRT sensors are characterised by their specific electrical resistance R0 at 0C. The calibration is easily accomplished by length and thickness of the used wire or coating area and thickness. Common types are: Pt100 (R0 = 100) Pt200 (R0 = 200 ) Pt500 (R0 = 500) Pt1000 (R0 = 1000) Pt3000 (R0 = 3000) Pt6000 (R0 = 6000) Pt9000 (R0 = 9000) The advantage of PRTs is their exchangeability without necessitating recalibration. To measure temperature the easy measurable property of the electrical resistance needs to be gauged. Within a given tolerance this resistance can be converted to temperature for the respective PRT type. Tolerances according to DIN IEC 751/DIN EN 60751 (1995) are: Class Class Class Class Class Class A: (0.15 + 0.002*||) C B: (0.30 + 0.005*||) C C: (1.20 + 0.005*||) C 1/3: [1/3*(0.3 + 0.005*||)] C 1/5: [1/5* (0.3 + 0.005*||)] C 1/10: [1/10*(0.3+ 0.005*||)] C

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As electrical resistance of PRTs can become very small (e.g. 18.53 Ohm at -200C for a Pt100 sensor) resistance of the wires used to cable the sensor may be significant. Another point to pay attention for is self-heating of the sensor due to a continuous measurement current.

Equation
As PRTs are not completely linear polynomial approximation is required. In the range -200C < 0C electrical resistance at temperature t is calculated according to the polynomial:

In the range of 0C 850C coefficient c is set to zero and the polynomial becomes:

For conversion of electrical resistance to temperature the above equations can be used after solving for t:

Polynomial coefficients for conversion of resistance to temperature, or vice versa, from platinum resistance thermometers according to IPTS-68 and ITS-90 scale.
Coefficient a b c IPTS-68 +3.90802E-03 -5.80195E-07 -4.27350E-12 ITS-90 +3.9083E-03 -5.7750E-07 -4.1830E-12

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Measuring temperature: Platinum Resistance thermometers

Algorithm
The above equations are implemented in two functions for temperatures on ITS-90 scale. For IPTS-68 coefficients need to be changed to the respective values tabulated in table (XYZ). It can be easily seen that conversion is senseless, if R0 =0. Thus both functions check for this case. The first function is temp_PRTResistanceValue. It calculates electrical resistance of a PRT of type R0 () at temperature aTemp (C, ITS-90). If aTemp is not within the defined range of -200C to +850C function returns FALSE and a resistance value of 0 in the variable Resistance. Otherwise electrical resistance will be calculated. Depending on the value in aTemp respective equation (XYZ) is chosen for aTemp values 0C and equation (XYZ) for aTemp values <0C. The second function is temp_PRTTemperatureValue. It calculates the temperature from a given electrical resistance aResistance for a PRT of the type defined in R0 . Function first calls twice temp_PRTResistanceValue for calculating lower and upper limits of electrical resistance for the respective PRT type with base value R0 . When aResistance is outer these limits function returns FALSE and a temperature value of 0 in the variable Temperature. Otherwise temperature is calculated from electrical resistance with respect to the PRT type R0 and returned in the variable Temperature.

Source
Fnto tm_RRssacVle(Tm,R :obe VrRssac :Dul):Boen ucin epPTeitneau aep 0 Dul; a eitne obe ola; / Tefnto tm_RRssacVlecluae teeetia / h ucin epPTeitneau aclts h lcrcl / rssac fraPaiu Rssac Temmtr(R)a gvn / eitne o ltnm eitne hroee PT t ie / tmeaueaddfndrssac R a 0CfraPTeeet / eprtr n eie eitne 0 t o R lmn. / Eg fraP10 eeetrssac R=00 Fnto rtrs / .. o t00 lmn eitne 010. ucin eun / TU i aepi wti terne plnma apoiain / RE f Tm s ihn h ags oyoil prxmto / aedfnd tersetv rssac frtetmeaueaep / r eie, h epcie eitne o h eprtr Tm / i fudi Rssac. / s on n eitne /-------------------------------/-------------------------------/ Uis / nt: / aep / Tm Ipttmeauei IS9 nu eprtr n T-0 C / R / 0 Tp o PT(eitnea 0C eg P10 ye f R rssac t ; .. t0) Om h / Rssac / eitne Rtre rssac o R tp PTa aep Om eund eitne f 0 ye R t Tm h /-------------------------------/-------------------------------/ Rfrne: / eeecs / PetnToa &Qin19 -Tcnqe frapoiaig / rso-hms un 90 ehius o prxmtn / / teitrainltmeauesaeo 19 -Bra h nentoa eprtr cl f 90 ueu / / ItrainldsPise Msrs 2dEiin19, nentoa e od t eue, n dto 97 / / rsetn teaedet o te2dEiin epcig h mnmns f h n dto /------------------------------/-----------------------------/ ()D.JnShl,1.Dcme 20,wwcd1.no / c r a cuz 7 eebr 08 w.oe0if Bgn ei /epc bs cs /xet et ae tm_RRssacVle: Tu; epPTeitneau = re / i aepwti dfndrne frteplnma apoiain / s Tm ihn eie ags o h oyoil prxmto I (Tm > -0)Ad(Tm < 80 Te f aep = 20 n aep = 5) Hn Bgn ei / aepdcdswihplnma t ue / Tm eie hc oyoil o s I aep> 0Te f Tm = Hn Bgn ei Rssac : R *( -.7E7*aep+398E3 *aep+1; eitne = 0 ( 575Tm .03-) Tm ) ed n Es le Bgn ei Rssac : R *((aep-10 *-413-2*aep-575-)*aep+398E3 *aep+1; eitne = 0 ((Tm 0) .8E1 Tm .7E7 Tm .03-) Tm ) ed n; ed n Es le Bgn ei / ohriertr FleaddfndRssac / tews eun as n eie eitne tm_RRssacVle: Fle epPTeitneau = as; Rssac eitne : 0 = ; ed n; ed n;

Fnto tm_RTmeaueau (Rssac,R :obe VrTmeaue:Dul):Boen ucin epPTeprtrVle aeitne 0 Dul; a eprtr obe ola; / Tefnto tm_RTmeaueau cluae tetmeaue / h ucin epPTeprtrVle aclts h eprtr / maue b aPaiu Rssac Temmtr(R)a gvn / esrd y ltnm eitne hroee PT t ie / eetia rssac addfndrssac R a 0Cfra / lcrcl eitne n eie eitne 0 t o / PTeeet Eg fraP10 eeetrssac R=00 / R lmn. .. o t00 lmn eitne 010. / Fnto rtrsTU i aeitnei wti terne / ucin eun RE f Rssac s ihn h ags / plnma apoiainaedfnd tersetv tmeaue / oyoil prxmto r eie, h epcie eprtr / frrssac aeitnei fudi Tmeaue / o eitne Rssac s on n eprtr. /-------------------------------/-------------------------------/ Uis / nt: / aeitne Ipteetia rssac / Rssac nu lcrcl eitne Om h / R / 0 Tp o PT(lcrclrssac a 0C ye f R eetia eitne t ) Om h / Tmeaue Rtre IS9 Tmeaue / eprtr eund T-0 eprtr C /-------------------------------/-------------------------------/ Rfrne: / eeecs / PetnToa &Qin19 -Tcnqe frapoiaig / rso-hms un 90 ehius o prxmtn / / teitrainltmeauesaeo 19 -Bra h nentoa eprtr cl f 90 ueu / / ItrainldsPise Msrs 2dEiin19, nentoa e od t eue, n dto 97 / / rsetn teaedet o te2dEiin epcig h mnmns f h n dto /------------------------------/-----------------------------/ ()D.JnShl,1.Dcme 20,wwcd1.no / c r a cuz 8 eebr 08 w.oe0if VrMneitne:Dul; a iRssac obe Mxeitne:Dul; aRssac obe Bgn ei / epc wrtcs / xet os ae tm_RTmeaueau : Fle epPTeprtrVle = as; Tmeaue eprtr : 0 = ; / fn mnadmxrssac vle frdfndrne / id i n a eitne aus o eie ag I tm_RRssacVle(20 R,Mneitne Ad f epPTeitneau -0, 0 iRssac) n

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Measuring temperature: Platinum Resistance thermometers

tm_RRssacVle(80 R,Mxeitne Te epPTeitneau +5, 0 aRssac) Hn Bgn ei / i aeiac wti dfndrneo plnma apoiain / s Rstne ihn eie ag f oyoil prxmto I (Rssac > Mneitne Ad(Rssac < Mxeitne Te f aeitne = iRssac) n aeitne = aRssac) Hn Bgn ei / te cluaetmeaue / hn aclt eprtr Tmeaue: (R *398E3+ eprtr = -0 .03Sr (0*R *+398E3*398E3-4*R *-.7E7*(0-aeitne) / qt R 0 .03.030 575R Rssac)) ( *R *-.7E7; 2 0 575-) / adntf ta w epc rlal rsls / n oiy ht e xet eibe eut tm_RTmeaueau : Tu; epPTeprtrVle = re ed n; ed n; ed n;

References

DIN IEC 751/ DIN EN 60751 (1995): Industrielle Platin-Widerstandsthermometer und Platin Mewiderstnde. German Edition HD 459 S2, 1988; German Norm, December 1990; EN60751+A2, 1995.

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