Chapter3Homeworks:Duedate:Thursday,February24,2011,at9:00a.m. 3.7 Iron has a BCC crystal structure, an atomic radius of 0.124 nm, and an atomic weight of 55.85g/mol.

l.Computeandcompareitstheoreticaldensitywiththeexperimentalvaluefound insidethefrontcover.
Solution
= nAFe VC N A

Thisproblemcallsforacomputationofthedensityofiron.AccordingtoEquation3.5

ForBCC,n=2atoms/unitcell,and
4 R 3 VC = 3

Thus,
= nAFe 4 R 3 NA 3

= (2 atoms/unit cell)(55.85 g/mol)

(4) (0.124 10 -7 cm) / 3

] /(unit cell) (6.022 1023 atoms/mol)

3

=7.90g/cm3 Thevaluegiveninsidethefrontcoveris7.87g/cm3.

 3.20Belowisaunitcellforahypotheticalmetal. (a)Towhichcrystalsystemdoesthisunitcellbelong? (b)Whatwouldthiscrystalstructurebecalled? (c)Calculatethedensityofthematerial,giventhatitsatomicweightis141g/mol.

Solution

(a) The unit cell shown in the problem statement belongs to the tetragonal crystal systemsincea=b=0.30nm,c=0.40nm,and = = =90 . (b)Thecrystalstructurewouldbecalledbodycenteredtetragonal. (c)AswithBCC,n=2atoms/unitcell.Also,forthisunitcell
VC = (3.0 10 8 cm ) 2 ( 4.0 10 8 cm )

= 3.60 1023 cm3/unit cell

Thus,usingEquation3.5,thedensityisequalto
= nA VC N A

(2 atoms/unit cell) (141 g/mol) = (3.60 10 -23 cm3/unit cell)(6.022 10 23 atoms/mol)

=13.0g/cm3 3.22 Listthe pointcoordinatesforallatomsthatareassociatedwiththeFCC unitcell (Figure 3.1). Solution

FromFigure3.1b,theatomlocatedoftheoriginoftheunitcellhasthecoordinates000.
11 22

Coordinatesforotheratomsinthebottomfaceare100,110,010,and forallthesepointsiszero.)

0 .(Thezcoordinate

Forthetopunitcellface,thecoordinatesare001,101,111,011,and

11 22

1.

Coordinatesforthoseatomsthatarepositionedatthecentersofbothsidefaces,and centersofbothfrontandbackfacesneedtobespecified.Forthefrontandbackcenterface atoms,thecoordinatesare 1

11 22

and 0

11 22

,respectively.Whilefortheleftandrightsidecenter
1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2

faceatoms,therespectivecoordinatesare 0 and 1 .

3.31Determinetheindicesforthe directionsshowninthe followingcubicunitcell:

 Solution DirectionAisa [01 1 ] direction,whichdeterminationissummarizedasfollows.Wefirst

of all position the origin of the coordinate system at the tail of the direction vector; then in termsofthisnewcoordinatesystem Projections Projectionsintermsofa,b,andc Reductiontointegers Enclosure x 0a 0 y b 1 notnecessary [01 1 ] z c 1

DirectionBisa [210] direction,whichdeterminationissummarizedasfollows.Wefirst of all position the origin of the coordinate system at the tail of the direction vector; then in termsofthisnewcoordinatesystem x y z Projections Projectionsintermsofa,b,andc Reductiontointegers Enclosure a 1 2
b 2 1

0c 0 0

1
[210]

DirectionCisa[112]direction,whichdeterminationissummarizedasfollows.Wefirst of all position the origin of the coordinate system at the tail of the direction vector; then in termsofthisnewcoordinatesystem y z x Projections Projectionsintermsofa,b,andc Reductiontointegers Enclosure
a 2 1 2
b 2 1

c 1 2

1 [112]

 DirectionDisa [112 ] direction,whichdeterminationissummarizedasfollows.Wefirst of all position the origin of the coordinate system at the tail of the direction vector; then in termsofthisnewcoordinatesystem Projections Projectionsintermsofa,b,andc

x
a
2 1 2

y
b 2 1

z c 1 2

Reductiontointegers 1 1 [112 ] Enclosure 3.40Sketchwithinacubicunitcellthefollowingplanes: (a) (01 1 ) , (b) (112 ) , (c) (102 ) , (e) (1 11 ) , (f) (12 2 ) , (g) (1 23 ) , (h) (01 3 )

(d) (13 1) , Solution

Theplanescalledforareplottedinthecubicunitcellsshownbelow.

 3.60UsingthedataforaluminuminTable3.1,computetheinterplanarspacingsforthe(110) and(221)setsofplanes. Solution

Formatted: No underline

Formatted: No underline

(a) From the data given in Table 3.1, the atomic radius r = 0.1431 nm. In an FCC structure: Forthe(221)plane

Formatted: Indent: Left: 35.5 pt, Hanging: 24 pt, Tabs: Not at 22 pt + 31 pt + 58 pt Formatted: Indent: Left: 59.5 pt, First line: 0 pt Formatted: No underline

Formatted: Indent: First line: 0 pt Formatted: Underline

(b) Forthe(110)plane
Formatted: Indent: Left: 59.5 pt, First line: 0 pt Formatted: No underline

 3.61ThemetaliridiumhasanFCCcrystalstructure.Iftheangleofdiffractionforthe(220)set of planes occurs at 69.22 (firstorder reflection) when monochromatic xradiation having a wavelengthof0.1542nmisused,compute(a)theinterplanarspacingforthissetofplanes,and (b)theatomicradiusforaniridiumatom.

Formatted: Style1
Deleted: (a)Fromthedatagiveninthe problem,andrealizingthat69.22 =2 , theinterplanarspacingforthe(220)set ofplanesforiridiummaybecomputed usingEquation3.13as

d220 =

Solution (a)Fromthedatagivenintheproblem,andrealizingthat69.22 =2,theinterplanar

n (1)(0.1542 nm) = 69.22 2 sin (2) sin 2

spacingforthe(220)setofplanesforiridiummaybecomputedusingEquation3.13as
d220 = n (1)(0.1542 nm) = = 0.1357 nm 69.22 2 sin (2) sin 2

(b)Inordertocomputetheatomic radiuswemustfirstdeterminethelattice parameter,a,usingEquation3.14,and thenRfromEquation3.1sinceIrhasan FCCcrystalstructure.Therefore, a = d220 (2) 2 + (2) 2 + (0) 2 = And,fromEquation3.1

(b) In order to compute the atomic radius we must first determine the lattice

R =

a 0.3838 nm = = 0.1357 2 2 2 2

parameter, a, using Equation 3.14, and then R from Equation 3.1 since Ir has an FCC crystal structure.Therefore, a = d220 (2) 2 + (2) 2 + (0) 2 = (0.1357 nm) ( 8 ) = 0.3838 nm And,fromEquation3.1
R = a 0.3838 nm = = 0.1357 nm 2 2 2 2
Formatted: Centered
Deleted: Solution (a)Fromthedatagiveninthe problem,andrealizingthat27.00 =2 , theinterplanarspacingforthe(321)set ofplanesforRbmaybecomputedusing Equation3.13asfollows:

d321 =

n (1)(0.0711 nm) = 27.00 2 sin (2)sin 2

(b)Inordertocomputetheatomic radiuswemustfirstdeterminethelattice parameter,a,usingEquation3.14,and thenRfromEquation3.3sinceRbhasa BCCcrystalstructure.Therefore, a = d321 (3) 2 + (2) 2 + (1) 2 = ( And,fromEquation3.3

R=

a 3 (0.5700 nm) 3 = =0 4 4