Spring 2013 AMST202 Midterm Study Guide Format Matching Short answer Multiple Choice Essay o Wants depth,

pth, pull ideas from at least 2 theorists in essay Culture Learned pattern of behavior and thinking in which people live their way of life Creates togetherness and sense of belonging Values o Relationships/Interactions o Religion o Language o Traditions o Customs o Morals o Cuisine/Food o Social Habits o Expectations o Learned Ways o Clothing o Rituals Ethnography Study of human beings in their cultures by conducting participant observational interviewing methods o An interpretive account of groups everyday life o Observing your cultural differences and noticing the purposes of those differences Anthropology o Sub-discipline of ethnography Methodology o Theories (concepts) that guide your methods (particular methods) How to acquire data for ethnographic research o Qualitative research Subjective o Quantitative research Numbers o Cultural subsistence theorists Economic subsistence

Study how people adapt to the present and past of the changing aspects of their environments o Ideational (mental image) Understanding learned systems of meaning through which is structures Strive for neutrality, but ethnical ethnographers realize that they have biases that they should bring to the table

Michel Foucault Material practices of power o Governance in daily life Policing bodies/surveillance o The enslaved (blacks were policed on a daily basis, they had to report their whereabouts and were watched by slave owners) o Slave buttons/other forms of material culture policed their ownership Power/knowledge o Poll taxes (items used as form of power, those in power controlled the knowledge, the slave owners had the power to control the blacks ability to read and write EP enabled some power/knowledge for reading o Frederick Douglasss narrative example of obtaining knowledge and how he used this knowledge, the empowerment behind this knowledge Networks of power o Observable in the discoursed of crime and punishment) o White supremacy enforced o Governance of daily life via institutions (freedom becomes a crime) Institutions of power o How power operates and is controlled within institutions o Ex: Hospitals and hierarchy (nurses, doctors, etc.) Repetitive acts that instill a sense of disciplinary self that makes one watch and adapt behavior o Hygiene/Body o Daily actions Family life Work regiments Diet o Communications o Sexuality and sexual practices Michel de Certeau Treats the everyday as the practical and singular Unconscious in that it is not open to direct observation or fully controllable Meaning of everyday activities

Consumption of cultural products o Cotton Resistance in everyday activities o Tent Everyday not included in exhibit, not easily observed

Karl Marx See the actuality and disguise of actuality o The everyday isnt as it appears o Underneath lies another reality Division of society into classes o Enslaved/white slave owners Labor unrest/class struggle o Slave rebellion o Nat turners bible/rebellion o Harriet Tubmans shawl/underground railroad, runaways Alienation of labor/objectification o The enslaved becomes objects, not seen as human beings (auction piece, buttons) Henri Lefebvre French Marxist philosopher and sociologist Critique of everyday life Introduces the concepts o Social space o Alienation o Criticism of structure Reconstruction: The Second Civil War: The American Experience (Documentary) First steps towards equality and reconstruction of the southern states Mission to bring the North and South together again The Emancipation Proclamation gave about 4 million African American slaves their much-deserved freedom o This allowed them to express their abilities and choices and the revolution gave them a chance to be their own freeholders o Slaves who were once owned by these Southern plantation owners finally had the chance to try and live a life of their own o Blacks started to earn an education and opened schools, a huge step forward in a social aspect US government provided slaves with resources that they needed to become independent o 40 acres and a mule Civil War paved the way for Civil Rights legislation and it established Abraham Lincoln as one of the important figures in American history

However, there were still instances of brutality because of race related issues o Black Codes limited the rights of the newly freed black population, basically making them slaves again o Whites took their land back and blacks could only work there under labor contracts for miserable wages in terrible conditions o Connect with Freud & Marx real and unreal idea Although the law said they were free, the white population held them down and forced them back into a slavery mentality Think about the periods before emancipation and after. Consider other documents in the exhibit, for instance, take a look at the 13th amendment and its impact on American history. o Concepts of marriage made legal to blacks were very important o Blacks could not legalize their unions before the emancipation proclamation o Photo indicating freedom for blacks (as opposed to the war between the north and the south) o Emancipation proclamation indicates the complexity of the document o 13th amendment abolished history but there were still certain injustices o 14th amendment purpose to create equality for blacks, citizenship for blacks (expansion of rights under the federal jurisdiction)

Material Culture Represents identity through clothing, sense of community, various tribes, lineage Power is embedded in objects Language (as material culture) demonstrating forms of resistance of cultural survival, cultural cohesiveness, the languishing down of the language orally survival techniques Analyze material culture used by your theorists essay question Interrogate/question material cultures we see, dont take them for granted What to the artifacts mean to you Know the history of American cluture Race, class gender, sexuality, ability and disability All applied to material culture Caughey Article Negotiating Cultures and Identities Life History Issues, Methods and Readings Life history research In our life history work we try to see things from the view of the person we are interviewing Self-Ethnography Know details

How ethnographers in and out o Participant observation Distinguish ethnography has transformed o Compare traditional and today in terms of American studies

Matching Be prepared for quotes o Have meaning, not arbitrary o About 5 Match authors to respective quotes Morgan, Caughey, Southerland, Highmore, Clifford, Geertz o Not Struna Daniel Southerland (Chapters 7&8) Civil war, reconstruction, industrialization Race, gender, class, age Working conditions in labor force: minery, carpentry, textiles, bathroom conditions, lack of proper labor unions (not formed yet); physical hazards Differences in geography: North/south Children working The children were poor, immigrants, white, from the south. Whereas mostly blacks (children and adults, after emancipation, were restricted unskilled, illpaid jobs) (p.170) (p.158) new ways of life being offered for everyone who is migrating and immigrating Chapter 7 o How was behavior shaped? What was the wars impact on society? Created economic drive. Idea of retailing matured o Historical context and how he talks about everyday life and how people have migrated o Issues of gender and class Jennifer Morgan Article Idea of material culture How she deals with gender, class, labor and reproductive freedom (or lack of) Highmore Introduction of everyday reader Global/Macro example in book (French colonization of sugar, process of how sugar is made Le Feb is theorist) Micro & Macro (Example: iPhone with Marxist)

Macro o o o o o Micro o o

Phone is global, made overseas for little money Marx would have issues because of division of labor (p.17) Little bit of money compared to corporations Material circumstances of labor Labor is being devalued Consumption When it comes to the US from wherever

Thick Description Talking about pealing back the layers of a particular culture Balinese cockfight Taking the time to discover cultural meanings References Geertz about the role of an ethnographer Gender, ethnicity and culture Most Importantly READ ARTICLES