Arellano University College of Nursing CHAPTER III

METHODS AND PROCEDURE

This chapter gives an overview of the approaches and procedures that were undertaken in the conduct of the study. It includes a description of the research design, the population and samples of the study, the data gathering instruments and procedures and statistical treatment of data.

Research Design

The research method of quasi-experimental research was used in this study. This research method was deemed to be the most appropriate for this study since it aims to discover the phenomena that presently exist about the effect of music therapy among geriatric patients with chronic osteoarthritis pain in St. Camillus MedHaven.

A quasi-experimental study is a type of evaluation which aims to determine whether a program or intervention has the intended effect on a studys participants. Thus, this study attempted to analyze the effects of music therapy among geriatric patients with chronic osteoarthritis pain in St. Camillus MedHaven.

Sampling Method

Arellano University College of Nursing In this research, purposive sampling method is used in order to economize time, money and efforts, and arrive just the same, at the most reliable findings desired by the investigator. However, for the purposive sampling was applied. In this study, the subjects was judged to be typical of the population or represent each type of the desired characteristic that best serve the purpose of the study in the effect of music therapy among geriatric patients with chronic osteoarthritis pain in St. Camillus MedHaven.

Material/ Equipment

To gather the data needed for the research, researchers used the following instruments: The instruments utilized in gathering data were the questionnaire and observation, more particularly; the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire was used to record the observed verbal and nonverbal cues of the geriatric patients. The Short-Form McGillPain Questionnaire was marked by the researchers according to observed reactions made by the patients before and after the application of classical music after 20 minutes on the 1st, 7th and 14th day of the study.

Data Collection Method/ Procedure

Arellano University College of Nursing Using the gathering procedure for the purpose, the data were collected at the St. Camillus MedHaven. Before the data was gathered, the researchers asked permission from the Administrator of St. Camillus MedHaven to allow us to conduct a survey on Effect of Music Therapy in ControllingChronic Osteoarthritis Pain among Geriatric patients in St. Camillus MedHaven. Thirty (30) individuals whose ages ranged from 50 years and above participated. All had received a nursing diagnosis of pain by medical personnel and was validated by the questionnaire. The study was undertaken at one room. One large room in the institution was set aside without interruption for the duration of the study. All Musical Therapy sessions were conducted in this room by the researchers. The music selected were by Mozart: (1) Andantino from Concerto for Flute, Harp, and Orchestra in C (2) Overture A Le nozze di Figaro and (3) Sonata Symphonie No. 40, first movement. The first and third selections were at 60 beats per minute and the middle selection was somewhat faster at 72 beats per minute. Music with a tempo between 60 and 80 beats per minute is considered relaxing (Ortiz 1998). All participants complete the McGill form on day 1, 7 and 14 of the study.

Data Analysis Plan / Statistical Treatment

After gathering the needed data, it is then tabulated and evaluated. The researchers used the arithmetic mean with the percentage and their frequency for the results. Frequency distribution has been used to make comparisons

Arellano University College of Nursing between the percentage of the frequencies for responses and the total number of respondents. The data was treated statistically using various formulas:

1. The Average-Weighted Mean the weighted mean refers to the arithmetic average of the overall response of patients.

Where:

= Weighted of an option

= Summation of the frequency of option

n = Number of respondents
2. Standard Deviation measures the spread of the data about the mean value. It is useful in comparing sets of data which may have the same mean but a different range.

Where: = Standard Deviation of experimental group

= Standard Deviation of control group

= Average Weighted Mean = The number of respondents

Arellano University College of Nursing 3. T-test the t-test is the commonly used method to evaluate the differences in means between two groups. It can also be used even if the sample sizes are very small, as long as the variables are normally distributed within each group and the variation of scores in the two groups is not reliably different.

Where: = Mean of the experimental = Mean of the control = Standard Deviation of the experimental = Standard Deviation control

= Total number of respondents experimental

= Total number of the respondents The tabulated data were ranked according to the number of tallied frequency, wherein the variable, which has the highest number of the respondents, is automatically ranked as first. Qualitative and quantitative analysis were used on the data. Quantitative analysis in textual form was used to describe the results in every data of each table.

Arellano University College of Nursing At 0.05 level of significance, if the computed T value is lower than the tabular T value the null hypothesis accepted. If the computed T value is greater than the tabular T value the null hypothesis is rejected.