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aruniipm
Business Member

Join Date: Mar 2011 Posts: 57

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Originally Posted by niksnarayana Hello We have dairy with 20 cows and plans to expand to 50 cows. Our dairy is located near Mysore, Karnataka. I have questions related to cows fodder and feed management. 1. Is dry fodder mandatory for cows? Can we just give more green fodder? Reason being that dry fodder does not possess much protien, whereas green fodder has protien as well as fibre. Please clarify. 2. Why is there a requirement for providing monocod and dicod fodder? If we are able to provide large quantity of monocod fodder with high CP like 18%, then is there any reason why dicod will still be required? 3. When we feed concentrates, there is general rule of feeding 300 gms per liter of milk. I think this is based on nutrients required for milk production. My question is does this take into consideration nutrients provided by fodder? Please clarify as we are working towards cost optimisation of our dairy. Thanks Nikhil hi Nikhil, i am a new dairy farmer started jus a mont ago with 10 hf cows. can you please provide me details of the best fodders for my cows so that they stay heathy and provide us good quality milk. At present we are giving them Godrej Bypro ( concrete feed which is in pillet form) and give them co3 and dry fodder. Also explain what is monocod and dicod and aslo cp of 18%. if you have any details please mail me Regards/Arun
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#12 (permalink) 05-04-2011

manas reddy
Business Member

Join Date: Mar 2011 Posts: 206

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Please explain TMR (Total mixed ration), i am also looking to implement it, i want to know how you are able to effectively mux FC with green fodder Originally Posted by niksnarayana GNC - Groundnut Cake which has Crude protein of 42% and TDN of around 60%. The companies which supply all the individual items are aware of the CP and TDN values. You should check with them to confirm. CFTRI does tests to reveal these values also. In bangalore, its difficult to get green fodder, dry fodder is probably preferred as you can stack and store it. However when you grow your own fodder, then you have an option of whether to spend money on dry fodder or just give more green fodder. My experience for past 2 days is we have stopped giving dry fodder. There is no reduction in milk yield nor in SNF. But we need to give more green, almost 10 kgs more. Like dry fodder is used to fill the empty space in the stomach, green can also achieve the same result, difference being you get better nutri food. Fat and SNF is directly related to how much protein you provide in the diet, as the protein converts to milk. So the more protein in the diet, the better it is. We also started TMR (Total mixed ration) feeding method. We mix chopped green grass with FC so that the quantity increases and green fodder intake also increases and cow is also satisfied. Still trying out new ways to reduce cost on feed, next week will be introducing Urea, lets see what happens. Please keep posting with inputs. Nikhil

#13 (permalink) 05-04-2011

prateekvaish
Senior Member Business Member

Join Date: Aug 2009 Location: dairy consultancy, project report preparation, farm layout, manpower planning, etc Posts: 269 Blog Entries: 2

facts about Feed Concentrate for Dairy Cows

Dear Nikhil, You raised few very valid points. Dry Fodder is fed in order to provide total digestable nutrients to the animal. As the nutritional requirement of a dairy cow depends on several factors like body weight, milk yield, age, stage of lactation, present body score, stage of pregnency etc. Total Nutritional requirement of a animal is calculated on a dry matter basis. Now, green forrage generally has a low TDN and lot of moisture so even adlib feeding of green forrage might not be adequate for a very large or high yielding dairy cow like Holstein. However, your concern about relevence of feeding poor quality dry fodder like paddy straw at high price is very correct. You can part of with paddy straw by preparing Silege. A good quality Maize/ sweet sudan (yellow green color) silege has around 12% CP or 8.5% DCP. It will not only help you in parting off with dry fodder but also reduce cost on feed concentrate as well. Now, regarding feed concentrate any mixture of good quality feed concentrate should contain 15% DCP (Digestable crude protein), 68 - 72 % TDN , 2500 Kcal /kg and fiber content less than 11%. CP value is irrelevent as it is DCP which matters. for eg. a 22% CP feed can have a DCP value of 15% and a 20% CP feed can have a DCP value of 16%. With all the available raw material in your area you can arrive at least cost formulation of concentrate by using a statistical tool known as linear programing.

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Also add 2% salt, 1% mineral and 0.33% Soda bi carb(as alkalizer). Very soon i will try to explain more about nutritional management. Thanks and regards, Prateek Vaish Vice President Operations Model Dairy Farm Services Naramau, G.T. Road, Kanpur-209217 (India) Email: prateekvaish@yahoo.com , info@modeldairyfarm.com visit us on web at Model Dairy Farm Originally Posted by niksnarayana Hi Manas, Can you please share your feed recipe and also wanted to know how much CP and TDN you are able to achieve? We are making our own feed. We are using Wheat Bran, GNC, Maize, Gram husk and De-Oiled Rice Bran and our cost is coming out to be Rs.13.5. We are able to get 21% CP and 70% TDN. We wanted to use Urea and molasses in the feed to reduce the cost further. We are also working towards using Azola in our feed to reduce the cost even further. Now 2 questions. I understand that dry fodder is required as that is standard dairy practice, however it would be helpful if someone can please explain why Dry Fodder is required and what happens if I stop feeding it? My argument for not feeding dry fodder is near my place, the dry fodder we get is dry rice straw which is hopeless when it comes to nutrients and also at the same time costly, about Rs. 5/kg. I agree to your point that FC increases the quality and quantity of milk, however I would like to understand that why that is so? I have heard that in New Zealand and other countries, the cows are only allowed to graze, still they are able to produce good milk. And FC is a recent phenomenon, 50 yrs back, only oil cakes were fed. And when you think about it, the cow is meant to digest green grass in best possible manner right? Want to continue in this discussion so that something good comes out and hopefully helps everyone. Nikhil

#14 (permalink) 05-04-2011

ag_aman2004
Senior Member

Join Date: Dec 2008 Location: Dairy Farm Posts: 202

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Interesting Topic..!

Dear all, Where can we get the testing knowledge on cattle feed ingedients? Is there any special couse available for such a kind of cattle feed testing? Please let me know the course name and place(at Tamil Nadu) Thanks Amanullah. Ag.

#15 (permalink) 05-04-2011

indianpearlcompany
Business Member Indian Pearl Culture / Pearl Farm Company

Join Date: Apr 2011 Location: Pearl Culture, Pearl Farming, Pearl Farm Set up Posts: 41

Ware a mumbai based group, Running a full fledged consultancy for pearl culture. We provide professional consultancy and equipments like tools, nucleus, etc for clients intending to do pearl culture. We also arrange workshops for training at CIFA (an internationally recognised training centre for pearl culture, india). We look into proficiency of the project and give productive guidance. We have several workshops and trainings for colleges and universities. www.indianpearlcompany.com

#16 (permalink) 05-04-2011

vetbharathi
Senior Member Feeds and Feeding Practices in Dairy Animals

Join Date: Oct 2008 Location: Goat and Sheep Farming Posts: 278 Blog Entries: 3

Feeds and Feeding Practices in Dairy Animals

General Principles
Dairy animals are ruminants and as such need bulk amount to fill their stomach. Dairy animals need to be fed for : o Maintenance of their body ( day to day function ). o For production of milk. In case of pregnancy, they need extra feeding in the last two months (for good health of the calf) Dairy animals are herbivorous and eat crop residues, cultivated grasses, tree leaves etc. On average dairy animal needs following quantity of dry matter ( out of feed , fodder , concentrate they are being fed with ) per day: o 2% of body weight for their survival.
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o 2.5 % of body weight for their survival and little production ( 6-8 Liters of milk per day) o 3% of body weight for their survival and production of 10 to 12 liters of milk o More than 3% of body weight in case of more production. Dairy animal young or old, empty, pregnant, in milk, or dry must be fed with mineral mixtures. Fresh, cool and abundant drinking water as or when required is necessary for good health and efficient production. Animals can drink hard water once they are accustom to it (usually needs 8- 10 days). They reject water containing more then 2% sodium chloride. Dairy animals are fed with fodder (green / dry), concentrate (home made or commercial): Concentrate is the mixture of grains and lugumin seeds besides bran. Ready-made commercial concentrates are mixtures of grains, urea, and molasses and may contain mineral mixture and vitamins. Dry matter content can be grossly calculated as: o Concentrates : 70% is dry matter o Green Fresh fodder : 10% is dry matter o Green dried in air / sun : 20% dry matter o Dry fodder / crop residues: 85% dry matter. While feeding note that, dry matter requirement should be met with 1/3 from green fodder, 1/3 from concentrate and 1/3 from dry fodder. Give dry fodder ad lib. Proportion of leguminous and non leguminous fodder should be in the ratio of 40:60 Concentrates are usually costly. If needed, you can replace some amount of concentrate with green fodder. Five kilogram of leguminous green fodder is nutritionally equivalent to one-kilogram concentrate. Similarly, 8-10 Kilogram of non -leguminous green fodder is equivalent to one kilogram of concentrate. In home made concentrates: mainly crushed leguminous seeds (after threshing) and food grains are mixed in the proportion of 40: 60 along with oil cakes and bran in small quantity. For leguminous seeds Gram , Soya , bengalgram husk , Black gram are used and for food grains Maize , Jower , Bajra , Wheat , Rice are used. Fodder tree leaves viz. Subabhool; agathi,glyricidia etc. are best utilized as dairy animal fodder. Concentrate of leguminous nature contain 20-24% proteins, food grains contain 8 12 % protein. Green leguminous & non-leguminous fodder contains same quantity of protein on the dry matter basis. Dry fodder contains 3 to 5% proteins. Concentrate also contains oil cakes (Groundnut, cottonseed, copra, seasam, soya, sunflower etc.) On an average, they contain 24% protein. Besides protein animal needs energy. The best and cheapest source of energy is food grains (They contain carbohydrate). Protein and fats can also provide energy but they are costly. Oil in extracted oil cakes can also provide energy. Mineral mixtures are essential especially in growing, lactating and pregnant animals. These mixtures contain Calcium, Phosphorous, Magnesium, Iron, Copper, Zinc, Manganese, Selenium, Cobalt, and Iodine in appropriate proportion. Such mixtures are commercially available. The recommended doses are. Adult-30 gram per day Growing Animals-15 to 20 grams per day. Lactating animals-50 grams per day. Advanced pregnant animals-40 grams per day Our product VIMICELL helps you to make dairy farming business profitable

Benefits:
Improves reproductive performance & conception Enhances hoof health Increases calving rates and calf vigor Improves milk production & milk fat % Maintain and maximize the milk yields Choline for optimum health and production potential Better Fat metabolism and liver function Reduces stress in animals improves health and performance Improves immunity ,disease resistance and reduces failure

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DFM(Sacchromyces cervesiae and Bacterial culture) Accelerate rumen efficiency and animal performance Improves dry matter intake and fiber digestibility and maintain the animal in positive energy balance Reduce lactate production in the rumen Enhance the rumen environment Stimulate the microbial development in the rumen Reduced risk of acidosis

Recommendation:
Large Animal :30 -35 gm /animal/day to be mixed in the feed. Small Animals :10 -15 gm /animal/day to be mixed in the feed Concentrateve : 2 kg /100 kg feed Each kg contains Calcium 255 g Phosphorus 127.5 g Sulphur 7.2 g Sodium 5.9 mg Potassium 100 mg Magnesium 6000 mg Iron 1500 mg Zinc 9600 mg Manganese 500 mg Copper 1200 mg Cobalt 150 mg Iodine 325 mg Selenium 10 mg Bio active chromium 55 mg Vitamin A 7,00,000 IU Vitamin D3 70,000 IU Vitamin E 250 mg Nicotinamide 1000 mg Biotin 550 mcg Choline chloride 50 gm DFM 25 gm Antioxidant qs Flavoring agent qs Competitive Advantages of the product Metal Amino Acid Chelated mineral mixture Fortified with Bioactive Chromium ,vitamins, and Biotin Rich in Cholin chloride and DFM Absorbed by active transport Greatest bioavailability Highly stable in the absorptive gut area Superior in physiological activity Stable when subjected to various pH ranges in gut Dipeptide-like structure resists gastric acid hydrolysis & intestinal enzyme cleavage. Presentation : 1 kg Aluminium foil bags and 20 kg HDPE bags Contact: Mr.S.Manikkamani Mobile:09442633623 Newgen Bioscience Private Limited PLOT NO. 10, 6TH CROSS, RADHAKRISHNAN NAGAR, MOOLAKULAM, Pondicherry - 605010, India email.newgenbioscience@gmail.cim
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#17 (permalink) 05-04-2011

niksnarayana
Feed Management

Join Date: Dec 2009 Posts: 129

I have collated all replies into one, please read patiently and contribute to this discussion. To aruniipm, Giving compound ready made feeds is an easier option, however we have experienced that cows dont enjoy eating that so much. Also a point to be noted is that most of readymade feeds available in the market are for around Rs. 12 per kg which means their production cost should be somewhere around Rs. 7 per kg. But surprisingly none of the ingredients that should be fed to the cow is available at that price other than Urea. So I dont recommend using these feeds as there is no guarantee what is added and mixed and the quality of individual items. You can mix your own feed depending on what is available in your area. Main ingredients can be 1. Wheat bran / Maize powder 2. DORB - Deoiled Rice Bran 3. GNC - groundnut cake 4. Gram husk - I was reading somewhere that this has something called tanine which helps in milk production. Azola and urea with molasses is also an option. Monocot is plants which have seed with only 1 cotyledon, like Maize, wheat, rice etc. Dicot is plants which have seed with 2 cotyledon, like leguminous plants, Cow pea, Pea, Tuar, Lucerne etc. You can refer to the following site to get CP and other techinical information,. Feed CP and TDN Info To Manas, Regarding TMR, we are not doing it in professional manner yet as we just started, so hand mixing chopped grass with feed in slurry form. You get industry size mixers where all ingredients can be added to make TMR. Another site for help - Dairy Nutrition Info All dairies abroad advocate using TMR. Thanks Prateek for clarifications, your reply makes sense. But we are still struggling with reducing feed cost. I will try to calculate the DCP value of our feed. We are using 1. DORB - 40% @ Rs. 7.5 / kg 2. Wheat Bran - 10% @ Rs. 12.5 / kg 3. GNC - 35% @ Rs. 22 / kg 4. Gram Husk - 5% @ Rs. 12 / kg 5. SKM readymade feeds - 10% @ Rs. 12.5 / kg As you can see all items are expensive , so please help us out on what can be replaced to reduce costs.

We plan to use Mollasses and Urea to reduce amount of GNC. Also plan to add azolla to reduce other costly ingredients. Any idea who sells Mollasses? Thanks
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Nikhil

#18 (permalink) 05-04-2011

samahiitha
Junior Member

Join Date: Jan 2011 Location: DAIRY AND POULTRY FEED SUPPLEMENTS Posts: 15

Please meet me Dr.Siddaramanna NDRI,Adugodi,Bangalore for all your clarifications on feeding of aanaimals

#19 (permalink) 05-05-2011

ksraj

Join Date: Mar 2010 Location: Farming (only Natural) & Dairy farming Posts: 47

Cattle feed

Hi Nikhil, I wish to draw your attention that focusing too much on cost cutting in the feed may be detrimental to Cattle Health proving counter productive in the long run. This may happen when new & unproven feed combination like UMB (Urea Molasses Blocks) Or Urea treated Fodder Or Azolla prepared using Urea are used. More than anything, Cattle health needs to be supreme in the mind of the Dairy Farmer. The quest for maximizing incomes & profits need not necessarily be at the cost of cutting expenditure on cattle feed. When toxic free, unadulterated milk is made available, enlightened customers will pay extra for it. Cow needs to be fed everything, especially Green Fodder grown on HUMUS rich soil which will keep the entire herd in good stead. Please visit NDRI campus at ADUGUDI, Bengaluru & see a big Cow Shed that is dedicated to the memory of a Friesian cow which was born there, lived for 20 years giving birth to 18 calves & yielding totally 1,60,500 litres of milk. All this happened in a period before UMB or Urea appeared on scene. Please follow the simple & effective method advocated by Sir Albert Howard about Cattle Health in his Magnum Opus "AN AGRICULTURAL TESTAMENT". All the best to the Dairy Farmers. KS Raj

#20 (permalink) 05-05-2011

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prateekvaish
Senior Member Business Member

Join Date: Aug 2009 Location: dairy consultancy, project report preparation, farm layout, manpower planning, etc Posts: 269 Blog Entries: 2

Misleading statements !

Dear vetbharathi, Most part of information posted by you are fundamental and would be of great benefit to young emerging dairy farmers. But, i will sincerely advice you not to present facts which are far from reality. ration has to be balanced in terms of DCP,TDN, Energy, Fibre and micronutrients i.e. mineral, vitamins and aminoacids. if 5 kg of leguminous fodder = 1 kg concentrate (which actually is not) then 5 kg of green fodder should provide 2500Kcals of energy also. It is a 50 year old and obselete nutrition concept where only protein value was taken into account. Also the concept of maintainance ration and production ration is now outdated and ruled out 20 years ago. Kindly refer to papers published by Ohio university and among indian authers refer to NSR shastri. Also, Handbook of dairying by Sunderason can be utilized by new farmers. Anyway, your efforts are appreciated. You may also post pearsons method for the use of dairy farmers. thanks and regards, Prateek Originally Posted by vetbharathi

Feeds and Feeding Practices in Dairy Animals

General Principles
Dairy animals are ruminants and as such need bulk amount to fill their stomach. Dairy animals need to be fed for : o Maintenance of their body ( day to day function ). o For production of milk. In case of pregnancy, they need extra feeding in the last two months (for good health of the calf) Dairy animals are herbivorous and eat crop residues, cultivated grasses, tree leaves etc. On average dairy animal needs following quantity of dry matter ( out of feed , fodder , concentrate they are being fed with ) per day: o 2% of body weight for their survival. o 2.5 % of body weight for their survival and little production ( 6-8 Liters of milk per day) o 3% of body weight for their survival and production of 10 to 12 liters of milk o More than 3% of body weight in case of more production. Dairy animal young or old, empty, pregnant, in milk, or dry must be fed with mineral mixtures. Fresh, cool and abundant drinking water as or when required is necessary for good health and efficient production. Animals can drink hard water once they are accustom to it (usually needs 810 days). They reject water containing more then 2% sodium chloride. Dairy animals are fed with fodder (green / dry), concentrate (home made or commercial): Concentrate is the mixture of grains and lugumin seeds besides bran. Ready-made commercial concentrates are mixtures of grains, urea, and molasses and may contain mineral mixture and vitamins. Dry matter content can be grossly calculated as: o Concentrates : 70% is dry matter o Green Fresh fodder : 10% is dry matter o Green dried in air / sun : 20% dry matter o Dry fodder / crop residues: 85% dry matter. While feeding note that, dry matter requirement should be met with 1/3 from green fodder, 1/3 from concentrate and 1/3 from dry fodder. Give dry fodder ad lib. Proportion of leguminous and non leguminous fodder should be in the ratio of 40:60 Concentrates are usually costly. If needed, you can replace some amount of concentrate with green fodder. Five kilogram of leguminous green fodder is nutritionally equivalent to one-kilogram concentrate. Similarly, 8-10 Kilogram of non -leguminous green fodder is equivalent to one kilogram of concentrate. In home made concentrates: mainly crushed leguminous seeds (after threshing) and food grains
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Fodder and Feed Management in Dairy - Page 2 - AgricultureInformation.com

are mixed in the proportion of 40: 60 along with oil cakes and bran in small quantity. For leguminous seeds Gram , Soya , bengalgram husk , Black gram are used and for food grains Maize , Jower , Bajra , Wheat , Rice are used. Fodder tree leaves viz. Subabhool; agathi,glyricidia etc. are best utilized as dairy animal fodder. Concentrate of leguminous nature contain 20-24% proteins, food grains contain 8 12 % protein. Green leguminous & non-leguminous fodder contains same quantity of protein on the dry matter basis. Dry fodder contains 3 to 5% proteins. Concentrate also contains oil cakes (Groundnut, cottonseed, copra, seasam, soya, sunflower etc.) On an average, they contain 24% protein. Besides protein animal needs energy. The best and cheapest source of energy is food grains (They contain carbohydrate). Protein and fats can also provide energy but they are costly. Oil in extracted oil cakes can also provide energy. Mineral mixtures are essential especially in growing, lactating and pregnant animals. These mixtures contain Calcium, Phosphorous, Magnesium, Iron, Copper, Zinc, Manganese, Selenium, Cobalt, and Iodine in appropriate proportion. Such mixtures are commercially available. The recommended doses are. Adult-30 gram per day Growing Animals-15 to 20 grams per day. Lactating animals-50 grams per day. Advanced pregnant animals-40 grams per day Our product VIMICELL helps you to make dairy farming business profitable

Benefits:
Improves reproductive performance & conception Enhances hoof health Increases calving rates and calf vigor Improves milk production & milk fat % Maintain and maximize the milk yields Choline for optimum health and production potential Better Fat metabolism and liver function Reduces stress in animals improves health and performance Improves immunity ,disease resistance and reduces failure

DFM(Sacchromyces cervesiae and Bacterial culture) Accelerate rumen efficiency and animal performance Improves dry matter intake and fiber digestibility and maintain the animal in positive energy balance Reduce lactate production in the rumen Enhance the rumen environment Stimulate the microbial development in the rumen Reduced risk of acidosis

Recommendation:
Large Animal :30 -35 gm /animal/day to be mixed in the feed. Small Animals :10 -15 gm /animal/day to be mixed in the feed Concentrateve : 2 kg /100 kg feed Each kg contains Calcium 255 g Phosphorus 127.5 g Sulphur 7.2 g Sodium 5.9 mg Potassium 100 mg Magnesium 6000 mg

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Fodder and Feed Management in Dairy - Page 2 - AgricultureInformation.com

Iron 1500 mg Zinc 9600 mg Manganese 500 mg Copper 1200 mg Cobalt 150 mg Iodine 325 mg Selenium 10 mg Bio active chromium 55 mg Vitamin A 7,00,000 IU Vitamin D3 70,000 IU Vitamin E 250 mg Nicotinamide 1000 mg Biotin 550 mcg Choline chloride 50 gm DFM 25 gm Antioxidant qs Flavoring agent qs Competitive Advantages of the product Metal Amino Acid Chelated mineral mixture Fortified with Bioactive Chromium ,vitamins, and Biotin Rich in Cholin chloride and DFM Absorbed by active transport Greatest bioavailability Highly stable in the absorptive gut area Superior in physiological activity Stable when subjected to various pH ranges in gut Dipeptide-like structure resists gastric acid hydrolysis & intestinal enzyme cleavage. Presentation : 1 kg Aluminium foil bags and 20 kg HDPE bags Contact: Mr.S.Manikkamani Mobile:09442633623 Newgen Bioscience Private Limited PLOT NO. 10, 6TH CROSS, RADHAKRISHNAN NAGAR, MOOLAKULAM, Pondicherry - 605010, India email.newgenbioscience@gmail.cim

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