FEDERATION EUROPEENNE DES ECOLES EUROPEAN FEDERATION OF SCHOOLS EUROPISCHER SCHULVERBAND FEDERAZIONE EUROPEA DELLE SCUOLE FEDERACION EUROPEA

DE CENTROS DOCENTES
Organisation Non Gouvernementale dote du statut participatif auprs du Conseil de lEurope NGO enjoying participatory status with the Council of Europe

LANGUE VIVANTE EUROPEENNE

ANGLAIS ECRIT

NIVEAU MASTER

Les rponses doivent tre reportes sur la fiche optique

Aucun dictionnaire nest autoris

Type dpreuve : QCM et rdaction Dure : 1 heure 45 Session : Janvier 2008

Fdration Europenne Des Ecoles European Federation of Schools Janvier 2008 UCB4 ANG Ecrit Niveau MASTER Sujet

TEXT 1 If the erosion of individual privacy began long before 2001, it has accelerated enormously since. And by no means always to bad effect: suicide-bombers, by their very nature, may not be deterred by a CCTV camera (even a talking one), but security wonks say many terrorist plots have been foiled, and lives saved, through increased eavesdropping, computer profiling and sneak and peek searches. But at what cost to civil liberties? Privacy is a modern right. It is not even mentioned in the 18th-century revolutionaries' list of demands. Indeed, it was not explicitly enshrined in international human-rights laws and treaties until after the Second World War. Few people outside the civil-liberties community seem to be really worried about its loss now. That may be because electronic surveillance has not yet had a big impact on most people's lives, other than (usually) making it easier to deal with officialdom. But with the collection and centralisation of such vast amounts of data, the potential for abuse is huge and the safeguards paltry. Ross Anderson, a professor at Cambridge University in Britain, has compared the present situation to a boiled frogwhich fails to jump out of the saucepan as the water gradually heats. If liberty is eroded slowly, people will get used to it. He added a caveat: it was possible the invasion of privacy would reach a critical mass and prompt a revolt. If there is not much sign of that in Western democracies, this may be because most people rightly or wrongly trust their own authorities to fight the good fight against terrorism, and avoid abusing the data they possess. The prospect is much scarier in countries like Russia and China, which have embraced capitalist technology and the information revolution without entirely exorcising the ethos of an authoritarian state where dissent, however peaceful, is closely monitored. On the face of things, the information age renders impossible an old-fashioned, file-collecting dictatorship, based on a state monopoly of communications. But imagine what sort of state may emerge as the best brains of a secret police forcea force whose house culture treats all dissent as dangerousperfect the art of gathering and using information on massive computer banks, not yellowing paper. Sep 27th 2007 From The Economist print edition

1. The author of the text says that: a) a breach of privacy has got solely bad effects. b) collecting personal information has developed in the last 6 years. c) collecting personal information began 6 years ago. 2. A synonymous expression of by no means to bad effect (paragraph 1) is: a) not at all to bad effect b) indeed to bad effect c) to some extent to bad effect 3. Foiled (paragraph 1) means: a) encouraged b) prevented c) condemned 4. The author: a) agrees with those who support the idea of increased security b) thinks that freedom equals the right to privacy c) thinks that benefits from data collecting do not offset their disadvantages
Fdration Europenne Des Ecoles European Federation of Schools Janvier 2008 UCB4 ANG Ecrit Niveau MASTER Sujet 2/8

5. People have had legally guaranteed right to privacy: a) for the last two centuries. b) since the outbreak of the second world war. c) for less than 62 years. 6. Many people: a) are worried about losing their privacy. b) are not concerned with losing their privacy. c) have been affected by the loss of privacy 7. Our personal data: a) is well protected. b) cannot be misused. c) neither a) nor b) 8. The author: a) is not sure whether trusting authorities is a good idea b) thinks that people should trust their authorities. c) thinks that people cannot trust the authorities. 9. The difference between Russia/China and western countries is that: a) Russia and China do not collect information about their citizens. b) it is more difficult in Russia and China to protest against abuses. c) the situation in Russia and China is not as serious as the one in the west. 10. In the information age: a) dictatorship cannot exist. b) information will become an art. c) information can be very powerful.

Fdration Europenne Des Ecoles European Federation of Schools Janvier 2008 UCB4 ANG Ecrit Niveau MASTER Sujet

3/8

TEXT 2 THIS week bankers have a perfect excuse to pore over pictures of scantily clad models, fast cars and film stars: Emap, a British media firm that straddles consumer magazines, radio and trade exhibitions, is up for sale, and bids are due by early October. Emap has 50 magazine titles, which produced revenues of 408m ($773m) in the year to March 2007, and its sale will attract international attention. The outcome will be a timely judgment on the prospects for consumer-magazine publishers in the developed world. In America and Europe magazine publishers have a common lament: total circulation is either flat or declining slightly as people devote more time to the Internet, and an ever greater share of advertising spending is going online. Magazine units are mostly a drag on growth for their parents. Time Inc, the world's biggest magazine company, has to fend off rumours that its parent, Time Warner, will sell it. People in the industry expect that Time Warner will soon sell IPC Media, its British magazine subsidiary. The business model for consumer magazines is under pressure from several directions at once, both online and off. Magazines have become more expensive to launch, and the cost of attracting and keeping new subscribers has risen. In America newsstand sales have been worryingly weak, partly because supermarkets dominate distribution and shelf-space is in short supply. There are good reasons why magazine owners should not feel despondent, however. For readers, many of the pleasing characteristics of magazinestheir portability and glossiness, for instancecannot be matched online. And magazines are not losing younger readers in droves in the way that newspapers are. According to a study carried out last year by the digital arm of Ogilvy Group, a communications company, appetite for magazines is largely unchanged between older baby boomers and young millennials. On the advertising side, magazines are faring much better than newspapers, which are losing big chunks of revenue as classified advertising shifts online. Advertisers like the fact that in many genres, such as fashion, readers accept and value magazine ads and even consider them part of the product. Sep 27th 2007 From The Economist print edition

11. Straddles (paragraph 1) means: a) combines b) used to deal with c) promotes 12. The result of the Emaps sale: a) will be important for the future of the press. b) will be known soon c) will attract international attention 13. Emap earned 408m in a) 2 months b) a year and three months c) one year 14. Which sentence is TRUE? a) Only European magazine publishers have been affected by low circulation. b) American and European magazine publishers are in the same boat. c) American and European magazine publisher prefer to focus on the Internet. 15. Most magazines: a) exist thanks to parents who buy them b) are losing their battle with the Internet c) will have to disappear from the market.

Fdration Europenne Des Ecoles European Federation of Schools Janvier 2008 UCB4 ANG Ecrit Niveau MASTER Sujet

4/8

16. Find the TRUE sentence: a) It costs a lot to introduce a magazine onto the market. b) The Internet is the only threat magazines face. c) Supermarkets help magazine distribution. 17. Fine the TRUE sentence: a) Readers like reading magazines and newspapers alike. b) Both young and old generations like reading magazines. c) Young readers prefer newspapers. 18. The advantage magazines have over the Internet is that: a) magazines can be moved around easily b) magazines are more pleasant to look at c) both a) and b) 19. In droves (paragraph 4) means: a) in big numbers. b) as quickly as. c) fortunately 20. Choose the word which is NOT a synonym of the word fare(paragraph 5): a) be viewed as b) manage c) do

Fdration Europenne Des Ecoles European Federation of Schools Janvier 2008 UCB4 ANG Ecrit Niveau MASTER Sujet

5/8

FILL IN THE GAPS

My colleague Daniel Finkelstein once went into a Body Shop to buy a hippo-shaped sponge from Guatemala. I have ___(21)___ idea why. After ___(22)___ , he asked the shop assistant for a plastic bag. With a terrible misreading of ___(23)___ customer she asked him smugly: Do you really need it? Do I really need a hippo-shaped sponge from Guatemala? he replied. The exchange ___(24)___ what The Body Shop was about: warm heart, with a slightly annoying moralising tone. ___(25)___ your mango shampoo bottle for refilling and we really could change the world. And the amazing thing about The Body Shop, and ___(26)___ founder, Anita Roddick, who died this week, was that it almost could. What began as suspect hippy idealism is now mainstream consumerism, ___(27)___ in theory. Now even the big supermarkets ask, if not in so ___(28)___ words, but ___(29)___ not immediately offering them: do you really need that plastic bag? Every ___(30)___ soap product flaunts its natural credentials. Packaging apologises (occasionally) for not ___(31)___ recyclable. Shampoo manufacturers promise that their products are not tested on animals. Admittedly it took a hell of a long time for the Roddick philosophy to ___(32)___; we are ___(33)___ perfect environmentalists now, and too ___(34)___ of us still buy ridiculously cheap clothes mass-produced in sweatshops. But at the ___(35)___ least, if we stop ___(36)___ about it, we know we shouldnt. And Roddick started all that. It was ___(37)___ who stood up in the 1980s, in ___(38)___ midst of Thatcherism, and shouted at us that we ought ___(39)___ about the social and environmental impact of our ___(40)___ consumerism. Ethical consumerism is now big business in ___(41)___, from organics to baby bonds, politics to smoothies. From Ben & Jerry to Tesco, they boast ___(42)___ having small and cooperative suppliers. The House of Commons sells Fairtrade coffee. The Conservatives plead for corporate social responsibility, ___(43)___ ministers calculate the environmental cost of a runner bean flown from Kenya ___(44)___ a tomato ___(45)___ in Britain in a heated greenhouse. Would all this have happened without Roddick? Possibly. But she saw it before anybody else ___(46)___, and made ethical consumerism mass-market and a badge of honour admittedly for mostly the middle classes: we have money ___(47)___ we have power, and with power comes responsibility. Today we say she did it at just the right time, as The Times obituary puts it. But nobody else did it; she made it the right time. Gordon Brown hailed her yesterday as one of the ___(48)___ true pioneers. He said she inspired millions to the cause by bringing sustainable products to a mass market. She never had ___(49)___ from a mainstream political party to turn a radical idea into a revolution; no government has ever had the courage to seize the green agenda and force it into consumers shopping baskets. Anita Roddick did it on her own. So we did, you see, need a hippo-shaped sponge from Guatemala after all. ___(50)___ to our surprise.

From The Times September 12, 2007

Fdration Europenne Des Ecoles European Federation of Schools Janvier 2008 UCB4 ANG Ecrit Niveau MASTER Sujet

6/8

For each numbered blank in the test choose one of the words in the list below.
21. a) non b) no c) d) not 22. a) he pay b) had paid c) paying d) he has paid 23. a) his b) its c) a d) her 24. a) show b) says c) pinpoints d) points 25. a) back b) refund c) return d) give 26. a) its b)their c) its d) his 27. a) at the least b) at last c) at most d) at least 28. a) few b) a few c) many d) lots 29. a) at b) for c) by d) to 30. a) others b) different c) other d) another 31. a) to be b) be c) to being d) being 32. a) catch in b) catch on c) catch off d) catch 33. a) so b) hardly c) more d) hard 34. a) many b) few c) lot d) none 35. a) so b) c) very d) many 36. a) thinking b) to think c) talking d) to say 37. a) it b) c) she d) them 38. a) a b) the c) an d) 39. a) care b) caring c) to care d) not care 40. a) uncareful b) careless c) careful d) incareful 41. a) itself b) himself c) oneself d) self 42. a) on b) c) about d) for 43. a) however b) instead of c) during d) while 44. a) comparing b) contrary c) if compared d) against 45. a) rose b) cultivate c) grown d) risen 46. a) did b) had c) have d) do 47. a) nevertheless b) on the other hand c) therefore d) such as 48. a) country b) countrys c) countries d) countries 49. a) back b) backing c) to back d) heading 50. a) a lot b) much c) many d)more

= Aucun mot Fdration Europenne Des Ecoles European Federation of Schools Janvier 2008 UCB4 ANG Ecrit Niveau MASTER Sujet 7/8

ESSAY (/70 POINTS)

What, according to you, are the positive and negative consequences of collecting private data from people?

Answer this question in 400 words (+ or 10%)

Fdration Europenne Des Ecoles European Federation of Schools Janvier 2008 UCB4 ANG Ecrit Niveau MASTER Sujet

8/8