Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
First Revelation at The cave of Hira 610 Taught privately for 2 years 10 years in Mecca 10 years in Medina Complete with Al-Yawm akmaltu Today I have completed Your religion.
Quran
introducing a verse from the Quran is GodMay He be exaltedhas said. Chapter: sra Verse: ya Conventions Quran: Compare Aramaic Qeryana Recitation Fawatih or mystical letters Text: Consonants only.
History
Abu Bakr asked Muhammads secretary to prepare a copy which was given to Abu Bakrs daughter and Muhammads widow, Aisha, (some say Hafsa) approximately 633. Uthmanic recensionc. 651 agreed by all, Shia as well as Sunnis.
Orthography
First Chapter of The Quran
History
One of the earliest MSS, From the 7th Cent. Next slide: Quranic Inscription from Dome of the Rock
History
Variants: Still remembered in 10th cent. And gathered by Ibn Abi Dawud. Shia claim Ali retained his own copy but accept Uthmanic recension. 10th century: development of a fully vocalized, standard text by Ibn Muqlah and Ibn Isa in 933. Multiple reading traditions (Arabic:qira'at). Today the Egyptian, South Asian and West African versions are probably most important; also a European edition.
Interpretation:
Legal and ethical: through sunna and hadith. Tafsir. Tawil. Tabari d. 923 Abu Hamid al-Ghazzali d. 1111 Zamakhashari d. 1144 Al-Baydawi d. 1286 Ibn Kathir 774 AH Jalalayn (Started by Jalal al-Din Al-Mahalli d. 894 AH/1459CE, completed Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti d. 911 AH/ 1505CE) Moderns: Muhammad Abduh Sayyid Qutb Maulana Muhammad Ali (Ahmadi) http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/quran/maududi/ Syed Maududis introductions