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Panel Buckling
Problem Statement
This problem illustrates the nonlinear post-buckling analysis of a curved panel. This simulation highlights several SOL 600 capabilities including large displacement, material plasticity, and contact between multiple deformable bodies.
The Structure and its Application Panels constructed from thin sheets reinforced with stiffeners are commonly used in many industries. In order to keep these panels light, the thin sheet (skin) is often designed to be thin and allowed to buckle elastically at relatively low levels of compressive loading. Once the skin buckles, the compressive load distribution changes in the panel, and any additional load is carried mostly by the stiffeners. The final failure load is reached when the overall panel fails due to a combination of material yielding and instability. MSC.Nastran SOL 600 provides the capabilities required to simulate this panel post-buckling behavior.
Model Description
The model consists of a stiffened panel approximately 14 by 22. The skin is constructed from aluminum and has a slight curvature. A longitudinal Z stiffener is attached to the skin by a single row of rivets. The stiffener has a joggle in it, and a doubler is used to fill the gap between the stiffener and the skin. Two additional longitudinal doublers are attached to the outside edges of the skin. This model was originally constructed in metric units and was converted to English units. As a result of the conversion, some of the dimensions are rounded off.
Main Index
Geometry and Contact Regions The skin, stiffener, and doublers are all modeled as shell elements located at the mid-surface of these components. The gap between two components is equal to half the thickness of one component plus half the thickness of another component. These components are allowed to contact each other. Finite Element and Contact Model The skin, stiffener, and doublers are modeled using CQUAD4 elements. The element properties are defined using PSHELL entries. The rivets are modeled using CBAR elements. The element property is defined using the PBAR entry. The three doublers are modeled as three deformable contact bodies. The stiffener lower flange is defined as a deformable contact body. The skin is in contact with several components. Each contact area within the skin is defined as a deformable contact body. An RBE2 rigid body element is used to connect all the nodes on one end of the panel to a single node. This node is used to apply the panel loading. Material The skin and doublers are made of aluminum alloy 2024 which is modeled as an elastic-plastic material using MAT1 and MATEP entries. The stiffener is made of aluminum alloy 7349 and is also modeled as an elastic-plastic material using MAT1 and MATEP entries. The plastic stress-strain relationships are defined by pairs of stress-strain values using TABLES1 entries. Loading and Boundary Conditions All the nodes on one end of the panel are fixed in all six degrees of freedom. At the other end of the panel, an RBE2 rigid body element connects the nodes to a single node, and an enforced displacement of 0.28 in the longitudinal direction is applied to this node. The longitudinal edges of the panel are fixed in the lateral directions but are free to slide in the longitudinal direction. Solution Procedure and Controls A nonlinear static analysis is performed to determine the capability of the panel to support a compressive load. PARAM,LGDISP,1 is specified to activate the large displacement capability. The NLPARM and NLSTRAT entries are used to specify the nonlinear analysis iteration strategy. 40 fixed time increments are specified for this problem. Output requests are made for stress and strain using the MARCOUT entry. These results are included in the t16 output file.
Main Index
Main Index
Large Displacement
Plasticity
Contact
Main Index
The plot below shows a graph of the total longitudinal reaction force vs. time increments.
Main Index
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Examine the Model and Loading Conditions Set up the Analysis Review the Results 27 35
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Step 2: Navigate to the directory containing the Stiffened_Panel.db file. Step 3: Click once on Stiffened_Panel.db and click OK.
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Things to consider about the model*** This model contains shell elements and bar elements.
Boundary Conditions have been applied as shown. The compressive load is applied as an enforced displacement of 0.28 inch applied to an
Step 3: To review all the model, select different groups in the Select Groups to Post menu, and click Apply to post the different groups.
Note:
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Step 3: From the Specify Range menu, select the following options:
Use Existing Points: Select Check box. Minimum: Enter 0.0. Maximum: Enter 0.1. No. of Points: Enter 15. Click OK.
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Step 5: Repeat Steps 1 through 4, except in Step 2, in the Select Field to Show list, click once 2024_marc.
Note:
The 2024 curve has an additional data point at a strain of 0.997 which is not shown on this plot.
Conta_db1a.
Select Groups: Select default_group. Click Apply.
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Step 3: Examine the Contact Bodies. Circles will be drawn showing the contact.
Step 4: Repeat Steps 1 through 4, except in Step 2, select the remaining contact bodies for the Assigned Load/BCs Sets list.
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Stiffened_Plate.
Click Solution Type...
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Step 3: From the Solution Type menu, note that the Solution Type is set to Implicit Nonlinear.
Click OK.
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Step 6: From the Static Solution Parameters menu, select the following options:.
Linearity: Select NonLinear. Nonlinear Geometric Effects:
Check box.
Follower Loads: Select No
Follower Loads.
Click Load Increment Params...
Step 7: From the Load Increment Parameters menu, select the following options:
Increment Type: Select Fixed. For the [Number of
Check box.
Number of Cutbacks: Enter 10. Click OK.
Note:
If you are not sure about what to use, the default Adaptive setting is a good place to start.
Step 8: On the Static Solution Parameters menu, click Contact Table... and select Global Contact Detection: Default(by body #). Note: By default, all bodies are allowed to touch each other.
Click OK.
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Step 9: On the Static Solution Parameters menu, click OK. Step 10: On the Subcases menu, click Output Requests... Step 11: On the Output Request menu, click Select Nodal Results... Step 12: From the Select Nodal Results menu, select the following options:
Available Result Types: Select
Step 13: On the Output Request menu, click Select Element Results...
Step 14: From the Select Element Results menu, select the following options:
Available Result Types: Select
STRESS COMPONENTS.
Click OK.
Step 15: On the Output Results menu, click OK. Step 16: On the Subcases menu, click Apply. Step 17: On the Message menu, click Yes to overwrite the existing subcase.
Step 18: On the Subcases menu, click Cancel. Step 19: On the Analysis menu, DO NOT click Apply. Since the job takes about 30 minutes to run, the completed analysis results are included and ready to be attached.
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Step 2: Navigate to the directory containing the Stiffened_Panel.db file and select it.
Click OK.
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A1:Incr=1,Time=0.02500.
Select Fringe Result: Select
Displacement, Translation.
Select Deformation Result: Select
Displacement, Translation.
Click Apply.
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Step 3: Repeat Steps 1 through 4, except in Step 2, select the remaining increments one by one for the Assigned Load/BCs Sets list to review the results.
A1:Incr=40,Time=1.00000.
Select Fringe Result: Select Stress,. Click Apply.
Step 5: Repeat Step 4, except change layer by clicking Position...((NON-LAYERED)). Step 6: On the Select... menu, click At Layer 1 and click Close.
Step 7: On the Results menu, click Apply. Note: By going through Steps 4 through 6, you can plot the von Mises stress at different layers.
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Step 8: Repeat Steps 4 through 6, except in Step 6, click Layer 5 from the list.
Step 9: To examine panel longitudinal compressive stresses, from the Results menu, select the following options:
Action: Select Create. Object: Select Fringe. Select Result Case(s): Select
A1:Incr=1,Time=0.02500.
Select Fringe Result: Select Stress,. Click Position...((NON-LAYERED)). Quantity: Select Y Component. Click Apply.
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Step 10: Repeat Step 9, except select the remaining increments one by one for the Select Result Case(s) list to understand how the compressive load is redistributed after the initial skin buckling.
Step 11: To examine panel longitudinal compressive stresses, from the Results menu, select the following options:
Action: Select Create. Object: Select Graph. Method: Select Y vs X. Select Result Case(s): Select all the
Reaction.
Click Position...((NON-LAYERED)). Quantity: Select Z Component. X: Select Global Variable. Variable: Select Time. Click the Target Entities Icon.
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Step 12: From the Results menu, select the following options:
Target Entities: Select Nodes. In the Select Result Case(s) box, click on
Note:
This plot shows the panel loading history. The panel ultimate strength is obtained from this graph.
Step 13: On the MSC.Patran Main toolbar, click the XY Plot button to adjust the scales and grid lines.
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