List of 13 Topics You Might See On Final Exam

List of 13 topics you might see on
final exam (hmm…)

z x-y motion subject to constant acceleration
z Sliding friction, line tension
z Centripetal acceleration, UCM, gravity
z Work and energy, rotational and translational KE,
z Conservation of mechanical energy, potential energy, KE
z Center of Mass (multi body – several FBDs)
z Collisions, momentum conservation, elastic, inelastic (P cons)
z Rotational dynamics, moment of inertia
z Angular momentum, torque, spinning skater, work done by
z Statics, including forces and torques
z Simple harmonic motion (pendulum, spring Æ PE=½kx2)
z Waves (amplitude, k, omega, velocity, waves on rope, T)
z Buoyancy
Physics 211: Review, Pg 1

Physics 211: Review Problems
¾ Dynamics (free body diagrams, net force)

¾ Centripetal acceleration (when do you use v2/R?)
¾ Work & Energy (kinetic, potential, external forces, …)
¾ Friction (static and dynamic)
¾ Center of mass motion and acceleration (Fext = MTACM)
¾ Momentum conservation & collisions (elastic and inelastic)
¾ Rotational dynamics (cons of angular momentum, torque)
¾ Simple Harmonic Motion (springs, pendula, omega…)
¾ Waves (wave number, angular freq, velocity, direction)
¾ Buoyancy

Dynamics:
z Three blocks are connected by massless strings and

frictionless pulleys as shown. The kinetic coefficient of
friction between block C and the table is µ=0.5. The
masses of blocks C and A are MC=20kg and MA=6kg.
Block C accelerates to the right with a = 0.7m/s2.
¾ What are the tensions in the strings, TA and TB?
¾ What is MB.
a
MC
TA TB
MB
MA

Dynamics...
z First find TA: Consider F = ma for mass A:

¾ TA - MAg = MAa
TA = MA(a + g) = 63N
TA
MAg

Dynamics...
z Next find TB: Consider F = ma for mass C:

¾ TB - TA - µMCg = MCa
TB = TA + MC(a + µg) = 175N
TA MC TB
f = µMCg
N MCg

Dynamics...
z Finally find MB: Consider F = ma for mass B:

¾ MBg - TB = MBa
¾ MB(g - a) = TB
TB
MB = =19 .2 kg TB
g −a
MBg

Problem: Motion in a Circle
Tetherbal
z l
A boy ties a rock of mass m to the end of a string and twirls
it in the vertical plane. The distance from his hand to the
rock is R. The speed of the rock at the top of its trajectory is
v.
¾ What is the tension T in the string at the top of the rock’s
trajectory?
v
T

Motion in a Circle...
z Draw a Free Body Diagram (pick y-direction to be down):

z We will use FNET = ma (surprise)
z First find FNET in y direction: y
FNET = mg +T mg
T

Motion in a Circle...
FNET = mg +T
z Acceleration in y direction is known: v y

z It’s centripetal…
mg
ma = mv2 / R
T
F = ma
mg + T = mv2 / R
R
T = mv2 / R - mg

Motion in a Circle... Bucke
z What is the minimum speed of the mass at the top of the t
trajectory such that the string does not go limp?
¾ i.e. find v such that T = 0.
v
mv2 / R = mg + T
v2 / R = g mg
T= 0
v = Rg
z Notice that this does

not depend on m. R

Work & Energy:
z A cart starts up a hill with initial speed v0. The body of the
cart has mass m, and each of its four wheels has mass m
(and radius r ). The wheels are uniform disks, and roll
without slipping. Give answers in terms of m, v0 and g only.
¾ What is the initial kinetic energy K of the cart?
¾ How high up the hill h does the CM of the cart rise?
v0
h

Work & Energy...
z The kinetic energy has both translational and rotational

contributions: 1
KE INITIAL = (5m )v02 + 4 ⋅
1
Iω 2
2 2
1 v0
z For a disk* I = mr and since the wheels don’t slip
2 ω =
2 r
5 2 1 1 2 v02 7 2
KE INITIAL = mv0 + 4 ⋅ ⋅ mr ⋅ 2 KE INITIAL = mv0
2 2 2 r 2
This is only simple because both

v0
chassis and all the wheels had same
mass!
*about its center

Work & Energy...
z Since energy is conserved, ∆K = -∆U:
7
∆K = − mv 02 ∆U = 5 mgh
2
7 v 02
h=
10 g
v=0
v0
h

Center of Mass:
z Three uniform spherical masses are shown. Two are

moving with the indicated velocities, and the third (at the
origin) is stationary.
¾ What is the location and velocity of the center or mass?
¾ What is the total momentum of the system?
y(m)
v2 = (10,20)m/s
5
4
3 m3=5kg
2 m2=3kg v3 = (15,-5)m/s
1
x (m)
m1=2kg 1 2 3 4 5

Center of Mass...
1
z Location of CM: Rcm = ∑ m i ri
Mtot i
1 1
X cm = ∑ mi x i = ( 3 kg ⋅ 2 m + 5 kg ⋅ 5 m ) = 31. m
M tot i 10 kg
1 1
Ycm = ∑ mi y i = ( 3 kg ⋅ 3 m + 5 kg ⋅ 2 m ) = 1.9 m
M tot i 10 kg
y(m)
v2 = (10,20)m/s
5
4
3 m3=5kg
2 m2=3kg v3 = (15,-5)m/s
1
x (m)
m1=2kg 1 2 3 4 5

Center of Mass...
1
z Velocity of CM: Vcm = ∑ mi v i
Mtot i
1 1
Vx ,cm = ∑ m i v x ,i = ( 3 kg ⋅10 m s + 5 kg ⋅15 m s ) = 10 .5 m s
M tot i 10 kg
1 1
V y ,cm = ∑ m i v y ,i = ( 3 kg ⋅ 20 m s − 5 kg ⋅ 5 m s ) = 3 .5 m s
M tot i 10 kg
y(m)
v2 = (10,20)m/s
5
4
3 m3=5kg
2 m2=3kg v3 = (15,-5)m/s
1
x (m)
m1=2kg 1 2 3 4 5

Center of Mass...
z Momentum of CM: Pcm = M tot Vcm
( )
Pcm = M totVx ,cm , M totVy ,cm = (10 kg ⋅10 .5 m s ,10 kg ⋅ 3 .5 m s )
Pcm = (105 ,35 )kg m s
y(m)
v2 = (10,20)m/s
5
4
3 m3=5kg
2 m2=3kg v3 = (15,-5)m/s
1
x (m)
m1=2kg 1 2 3 4 5

Momentum conservation & collisions:
z Two particles collide elastically as shown below. The small

particle has mass m = 1kg and is initially moving in the x
direction. The final velocity of m is 5m/s in the y direction,
and the final momentum of M is 26.57o below horizontal.
¾ Find vi and P.
¾ What is the kinetic energy of M after the collision?
¾ Determine the mass M.
vf
m y
m M
vi θ = 26.57o
x
before after M P

Momentum conservation & collisions...
z Conserve momentum in the x and y directions:

mv f (1kg ) (5 m s )
¾ y: mv f = P sin θ P= = = 11.2 kg m s
sin θ sin( 26 .57 )
P
¾ x: mv i = P cos θ vi = cos θ = 10 m s
m
vf
m y
m M
vi θ = 26.57o
x
before after M P

Momentum conservation & collisions...
z Conserve energy (its elastic):

1
2
1
mv i2 = mv f2 + K M
2
1
( )
K M = m v i2 − v f2 = 37 .5 J
2
P2 P2
and since K M = M= = 1.67 kg
2M 2K M
vf
m y
m M
vi
x
before after M P

Rotational Dynamics:
z A circular cylinder of radius R = .2m, which can rotate freely on a

horizontal, frictionless axle, has a light rope wound around it. The
rope passes over a smooth peg and is attached to a hanging
mass of mass m = 1kg. As m falls, the rope unwinds from the
cylinder, whose moment of inertia Iz is not initially known. The
mass accelerates downward with a = 0.4m/s2.
¾ What is the angular acceleration α
of the cylinder about the axle?
¾ What is the tension T in the rope? T
¾ What is the moment of inertia Iz R
of the cylinder about the axle? Iz
¾ What is the angular speed of the
cylinder after m falls a m
distance d = 10m ?
a

Rotational Dynamics...
z What is the angular acceleration α of the cylinder about the

axle?
¾ Since the string does not slip on the wheel, the
magnitude of the acceleration of a point on the rim of the
wheen is a = Rα.
2 α T
a .4 m s
α= = = 2 rad s 2
R .2 m R
Iz
m

z What is the tension T in the rope?

¾ Using F = ma for the hanging mass T
in the “down” direction:
m
mg - T = ma
mg
¾ T = m(g - a)
= 1kg (9.8 m/s2 - 0.4 m/s2)
= 9.4 N

z What is the moment of inertia Iz of the cylinder about the

axle?
¾ Using τ = Izα for the cylinder: α T

R
TR Iz
TR = Iz α Iz =
α
( 9 .4N ) (.2 m )
Iz = = 0 .94 kgm 2
2 rad s 2

z What is the angular speed of the cylinder after m falls a

distance d = 10m ?
¾ Using energy conservation, ∆K = -∆U:
1 1
Iz ω f2 + mv f2 = mgd ωf
2 2
but vf = Rωf Iz
1 1
Iz ω f2 + mR 2 ω f2 = mgd
2 2
d
2 mgd
ωf = = 1414
. rad s
Iz + mR 2
m
vf

Angular Momentum :
z A student wishes to close a door withour getting out of bed.
She throws a shoe of mass m = 600gm which hits the door
exactly in the center. The shoe has horizontal speed v0 = 8m/s
just before hitting the door and it bounces back with horizontal
speed v1 = 4m/s. The door has width w = 1m. Just after the
collision, the door turns with angular velocity
ωz = 0.75 rad/sec.
¾ What is the moment of inertia of the door about the hinge?
hinge ωz
w=1m
v0 v1
top views
Angular Momentum ...
z Since there are no external torques, angular momentum about
the hinge (z-axis) is conserved:
w w
Lz ,before = mv 0 = Lz ,after = I ω z − mv1
2 2
m (v 0 + v1 )w
I= = 4.8 kgm 2
2 ωz
ωz
w=1m
v0 v1

SHM and Springs
d 2s
Force: 2
= −ω 2
s ω=
k
dt m
k
s
Solution: 0
s = A cos(ωt + φ)
k m
m
0 s
Velocity and Acceleration with Springs
Position: x(t) = A cos(ωt + φ) by taking

Velocity: v(t) = -ωA sin(ωt + φ) derivatives,
Acceleration: a(t) = -ω2A cos(ωt + φ) since:
xMAX = A dx ( t )
vMAX = ωA v( t ) =
dt
aMAX = ω2A
dv ( t )
a( t ) =
k dt
m
U ( x) = 12 kx 2
0 x
Simple Harmonic Motion:
z A physical pendulum consists of two equal uniform disks

attached rigidly together as shown. Each disk has mass M
and radius R. The pendulum rotates freely about a pivot at
the center of one disk. Give answers in terms of M, R and g.
¾ Find the moment of inertia I about the pivot.
¾ Find the period of oscillation T
for small displacements.
pivot
R M

Simple Harmonic Motion...
z The moment of inertia will have contributions from both

disks.
1 1
I= MR 2 + MR 2 + M ( 2 R ) 2
2 2
top disk bottom disk

pivot
R M
I = 5 MR 2 2R
R M

Simple Harmonic Motion...
z The angular frequency MgD

of a physical pendulum is: ω =
I
¾ Where D is the distance from the pivot to the CM,
¾ I is the moment of inertia about the pivot,
¾ and M is the total mass
pivot
2 MgR 2g
so in this case: ω = = R
5 MR 2 5R CM
2π 5R
T = = 2π
ω 2g
2Mg
Waves:
z A wave given by y = 1.5 cos(0.1x - 560t ), with x and y

in cm and t in seconds. The wire tension is 28 N.
Find:
¾ the amplitude,
¾ the wavelength,
¾ the period,
¾ the wave speed,
¾ the power carried by the wave.
y

Waves...
y λ
A
y = 1.5 cos(0.1x - 560t )
x
Compare this to the generic form: y = A cos(kx − ω t )
A = 1.5 cm = 0.015 m
k = 0.1 cm-1 = 10 m-1
ω = 560 rad/s

Waves...
y λ
A
x y = .015 cos(10x - 560t ) in SI units
2π
k= so λ = 0 .628 m
λ
2π
ω = 560 rad/s T = = .011 sec
ω
ω
v = λf = v = 56 m/s
k

Waves...
y λ
A
x y = .015 cos(10x - 560t )
1
Finally P = µv ω 2 A 2
2
So we need to figure out µ
F F 28 N
v = µ = = = .0 0 8 9 k g m
µ v 2
(5 6 m s ) 2

Waves...
y λ
A
x y = .015 cos(10x - 560t )
But we know that

1
So P = µv ω 2 A 2 A = 0.015 m
2
v = 56 m/s
ω = 560 rad/s
µ = 0.0089 kg/m
P = 1 7 .6 J / s

Buoyancy
A plastic cube with length 0.3 m on each side is floating in a pool of
water (ρ = 1000 kg/m3). A cylinder with volume VC = 0.005 m3 is
supported by a string attached to the upper cube. The tension T in
the string attaching the two objects is 24.5 N. The system is at
equilibrium with the cube submerged a distance h = 0.2 m.
0.3m
h
T = 24.5N
• What is the mass of the cylinder

• What is the mass of the cube
• How would h change if the cylinder were placed on top of the cube?
Buoyancy
T = 24.5N FB
mg
FB = VcρWg
= (0.005m3)(1000kg/m3)(9.81m/s2)
= 49N
mg = T + FB m = (T + FB)/g = (24.5N+49N)/(9.81m/s2)
= 7.5 kg

Buoyancy
VSUB=(0.3)(0.3)(0.2)m3
= 0.018m3
FB = VSUBρWg = (0.018m3)(1000kg/m3)(9.81m/s2)
= 177N
0.3m
0.2
Mg T = 24.5N
Mg + T = FB M = (FB - T)/g = (177N – 24.5N)/(9.81m/s2)

= 15.5 kg

Buoyancy
h hnew
hnew > h since the submerged volume has to be the same

Thanks for a great semester!
Good luck on the final !!
Have a really great summer!

Welcome back next fall!!!

Kinematics:
z Bill stands on the roof of his house, a distance d=13m

above the ground, operating a pitching machine. At t = 0
he launches a ball with initial speed v0 at an angle θ above
horizontal. The ball hits the ground at the base of his friend
Ted’s house, a distance D = 80m away, at exactly tf = 4s.
¾ What are v0 and θ ?
¾ What is the maximum height H reached by the ball ?
¾ How fast vf is the ball moving when it hits the ground ?
v0
θ
Bill d=13m Ted
vf
D=80m
Kinematics...
z The distance traveled in the x direction is: D = v 0 cos θ ⋅ t f (a)

z The y position of the ball is given by:
1
y = y 0 + v y 0 t − gt 2
2
1 2
which at t = tf becomes: − d = v 0 sin θ ⋅ t f − gt f
2
1
v 0 sin θ ⋅ t f = gt f2 − d (b)
2
dividing (b) by (a): gt f2 − 2 d

tan θ =
2D

Kinematics...
gt f2 − 2 d
z Plug the given numbers into tan θ =
2D
θ = 39 .3 o
z Now put this back into D = v 0 cos θ ⋅ t f and solve for v0:
D v 0 = 25 .8 m s
v0 =
cos θ ⋅ t f

Kinematics...
z The time at the top of the trajectory tt v y0v 0 sin θ

can be found by solving vy = vy0 - gtt = 0 tt = =
g g
z Plug this into the y-position equation:
1 2 (v 0 sin θ)
2
h = v 0 sin θ ⋅ t t − gt t = = 13 .6 m
2 2g
So: H = d + h = 26.6m
tt
v0 h
θ
Bill d=13m H Ted

Kinematics...
z The y-component of the velocity at t = tf can be found by

plugging into vyf = vy0 - gtf v yf = v 0 sin θ − gt f = −22 .9 m s
z The x-component of velocity is constant: v x = v 0 cos θ = 20 m s
z The final speed is then: v f = v xf2 + v yf2 = 30 .4 m s
(could also find this using

energy conservation)
v0
θ
tf
Bill Ted
vf

List of 13 Topics You Might See On Final Exam

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List of 13 Topics You Might See On Final Exam

Загружено:

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List of 13 topics you might see on

final exam (hmm…)

Physics 211: Review, Pg 1

¾ Dynamics (free body diagrams, net force)

Physics 211: Review, Pg 2

z Three blocks are connected by massless strings and

Physics 211: Review, Pg 3

z First find TA: Consider F = ma for mass A:

Physics 211: Review, Pg 4

z Next find TB: Consider F = ma for mass C:

TB = TA + MC(a + µg) = 175N

Physics 211: Review, Pg 5

z Finally find MB: Consider F = ma for mass B:

Physics 211: Review, Pg 6

Physics 211: Review, Pg 7

z Draw a Free Body Diagram (pick y-direction to be down):

Physics 211: Review, Pg 8

z Acceleration in y direction is known: v y

Physics 211: Review, Pg 9

z Notice that this does

Physics 211: Review, Pg 10

Physics 211: Review, Pg 11

z The kinetic energy has both translational and rotational

This is only simple because both

*about its center

Physics 211: Review, Pg 12

z Since energy is conserved, ∆K = -∆U:

Physics 211: Review, Pg 13

z Three uniform spherical masses are shown. Two are

Physics 211: Review, Pg 14

Physics 211: Review, Pg 15

Physics 211: Review, Pg 16

z Momentum of CM: Pcm = M tot Vcm

Pcm = (105 ,35 )kg m s

Physics 211: Review, Pg 17

z Two particles collide elastically as shown below. The small

Physics 211: Review, Pg 18

z Conserve momentum in the x and y directions:

Physics 211: Review, Pg 19

z Conserve energy (its elastic):

Physics 211: Review, Pg 20

z A circular cylinder of radius R = .2m, which can rotate freely on a

Physics 211: Review, Pg 21

z What is the angular acceleration α of the cylinder about the

Physics 211: Review, Pg 22

z What is the tension T in the rope?

Physics 211: Review, Pg 23

z What is the moment of inertia Iz of the cylinder about the

¾ Using τ = Izα for the cylinder: α T

Physics 211: Review, Pg 24

z What is the angular speed of the cylinder after m falls a

Physics 211: Review, Pg 25

Physics 211: Review, Pg 27

Position: x(t) = A cos(ωt + φ) by taking

z A physical pendulum consists of two equal uniform disks

Physics 211: Review, Pg 30

z The moment of inertia will have contributions from both

top disk bottom disk

Physics 211: Review, Pg 31

z The angular frequency MgD

z A wave given by y = 1.5 cos(0.1x - 560t ), with x and y

Physics 211: Review, Pg 33