List of fossil primates

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This is a list of fossil primatesextinct primates for which a fossil record exists. Primates are generally thought to have evolved from a small, unspecialized mammal, which probably fed on insects and fruits. However, the precise source of the primates remains controversial and even their arboreal origin has recently been questioned.[1] As it has been suggested, many other mammal orders are arboreal too, but they have not developed the same characters as primates. Nowadays, some well known genera, such as Purgatorius and Plesiadapis, thought to be the most ancient primates for a long time, are not usually considered as such by recent authors, who tend to include them in the new order Plesiadapiformes, within superorder Euarchontoglires.[2] Some, to avoid confusions, employ the unranked term Euprimates, which excludes Plesiadapiformes.[3] That denomination is not used here. There is an academic debate on the time the first primates appeared. One of the earliest probable primate fossils is the problematic Altiatlasius koulchii, perhaps an Omomyid, but perhaps a nonPrimate Plesiadapiform, which lived in Morocco, during the Paleocene, around 60 Ma.[1] However, other studies, including molecular clock studies, have estimated the origin of the primate branch to have been in the mid-Cretaceous period, around 85 Ma, that is to say, in the time previous to the extinction of dinosaurs and the successful mammal radiation.[4][5][6] Nevertheless, there seems to be a consensus about the monophyletic origin of the order, although the evidence is not clear.[7] There are no fossils known that can be directly linked to the living African apes, nor any that could be considered representative of the last common ancestor between them and humans.[8] The order Primates, established by Linnaeus in 1758, includes humans and their immediate ancestors. However, contrarily to the common opinion, most primates do not have especially large brains. Brain size is a derived character, which only appeared with genus Homo, and was lacking in the first hominid. In fact, hominid encephalization quotient is only 1.5 Ma more recent than that of some dolphin species. The encephalization quotient of some cetaceans is therefore higher than that of most primates, including the nearest relatives of humans, such as Australopithecus.[9] This list follows Walter Carl Hartwig's 2002 book The Fossil Primate Record.[10] Parentheses around authors' names (and dates) indicates a change in generic name for the fossil, as stated in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN).[11]

Contents
1 Strepsirrhini 1.1 Basal stem group Strepsirrhini 1.2 Adapiformes 1.2.1 Adapiformes, incertae sedis 1.2.2 Adapoidea 1.3 Lemuriformes 1.3.1 Lorisoidea 1.3.2 Lemuroidea 2 Haplorrhini 2.1 Tarsiiformes 2.1.1 Tarsiiformes, incertae sedis 2.1.2 Omomyoidea 2.2 Simiiformes 2.2.1 Simiiformes, incertae sedis

2.3 Platyrrhini 2.3.1 Platyrrhini, incertae sedis 2.4 Catarrhini 2.4.1 Catarrhini, incertae sedis 2.4.2 Propliothecoidea 2.4.3 Pliopithecoidea 2.4.3.1 Pliopithecoidea, incertae sedis 2.4.4 Cercopithecoidea 2.4.5 Proconsuloidea 2.4.6 Dendropithecoidea 2.4.7 Hominoidea 3 See also 4 Further reading 5 External links 6 References

Strepsirrhini
Basal stem group Strepsirrhini
Azibiidae Gingerich, 1976[12] Algeripithecus Godinot & Mahboubi, 1992 Algeripithecus minutus Godinot & Mahboubi, 1992 Azibius Sudre, 1975 Azibius trerki Sudre, 1975 Djebelemuridae Hartenberger and Marandat, 1992[13] Djebelemur Djebelemur martinezi Hartenberger & Marandat, 1992 unnamed ('Anchomomys') 'Anchomomys' milleri Simons, 1997[14]

Adapiformes
Adapiformes, incertae sedis Lushius Chow, 1961 Lushius qinlinensis Chow, 1961 Panobius Panobius afridi Russell & Gingerich, 1987 Omanodon Omanodon minor Gheerbrant et al., 1993

Shizarodon Shizarodon dhofarensis Gheerbrant et al., 1993 Muangthanhinius Muangthanhinius siami Marivaux et al., 2006. Adapoidea

Smilodectes

Darwinius Notharctidae Trouessart, 1879 Notharctinae Trouessart, 1879 Cantius Simons, 1962 Cantius abditus (Gingerich & Simmons, 1977) Cantius angulatus (Cope, 1875) Cantius antediluvius Kihm, 1992 Cantius eppsi Cooper, 1932 Cantius frugivorus (Cope, 1875)

Cantius mckennai (Gingerich & Simons, 1977) Cantius nuniensis (Cope, 1881) Cantius ralstoni (Matthew, 1915) Cantius savagei Gingerich, 1977 Cantius torresi Gingerich, 1986 Cantius trigonodus (Matthew, 1915) Copelemur Gingerich & Simons, 1977 Copelemur australotutus Beard, 1988 Copelemur praetutus (Gazin, 1962) Copelemur tutus (Cope, 1877) Hesperolemur Gunnell, 1995 Hesperolemur actius Gunnell, 1995 Notharctus Leidy, 1870 Notharctus pugnax Granger & Gregory, 1917 Notharctus robustior Leidy, 1870 Notharctus tenebrosus Leidy, 1870 Notharctus venticolus Osborn, 1902 Pelycodus Cope, 1875 Pelycodus danielsae Froehlich & Lucas, 1991 Pelycodus jarrovii (Cope, 1874) Smilodectes Wortman, 1903 Smilodectes gingerichi (Beard, 1988) Smilodectes gracilis (Marsh, 1871) Smilodectes mcgrewi Gingerich, 1979 Cercamoniinae Gingerich, 1975 Aframonius Simons et al., 1995 Aframonius diedes Simons et al., 1995 Agerinia Crusafont-Pairo & Golpe-Posse, 1973 Agerinia roselli Crusafont-Pairo & Golpe-Posse, 1973 Anchomomys Stehlin, 1916 Anchomomys crocheti (Godinot, 1988) Anchomomys gaillardi Stehlin, 1916 Anchomomys pygmaeus (Rtimeyer, 1890) Anchomomys quercy (Stehlin, 1916) Barnesia Thalmann, 1994 Barnesia hauboldi Thalmann, 1994 Buxella Godinot, 1988 Buxella magna Godinot, 1988 Buxella prisca Godinot, 1988 Caenopithecus Rtimeyer, 1862 Caenopithecus lemuroides Rtimeyer, 1862 Cercamonius Gingerich, 1975 Cercamonius brachyrhynchus Gingerich, 1975 Darwinius Franzen et al., 2009[15] Darwinius masillae Franzen et al., 2009[15] Donrussellia Szalay, 1976 Donrussellia gallica (Russell, Louis & Savage, 1967) Donrussellia louisi Donrussellia magna Donrussellia provincialis Donrussellia russelli Europolemur Weigelt, 1933 Europolemur dunaifi (Tattersall & Schwartz, 1983) Europolemur klatti Weigelt, 1933 Europolemur koenigswald Franzen, 1987 Mahgarita Wilson & Szalay, 1976

Mahgarita stevensi Wilson & Szalay, 1976 Pericodon Stehlin, 1916 Pericodon helleri (Schwartz et al., 1983) Pericodon helveticus (Rtimeyer, 1891) Pericodon huerzeleri Gingerich, 1977 Pericodon jaegeri Godinot, 1988 Pericodon lemoinei Gingerich, 1977 Protoadapis Lemoine, 1878 Protoadapis angustidens (Filhol, 1888) Protoadapis brachyrhynchus Stehlin, 1912 Protoadapis curvicuspidens (Lemoine, 1878) Protoadapis ignoratus Protoadapis muechelnensis Protoadapis recticuspidens Protoadapis weigelti Pronycticebus Grandidier, 1904 Pronycticebus gaudryi Grandidier, 1904 Pronycticebus neglectus Adapidae Trouessart, 1879 Adapinae Trouesart, 1879 Adapis Cuvier, 1821 Adapis bruni Adapis collinsonae (Hooker, 1986) Adapis parisiensis de Blainville, 1841 Adapis sudrei Gingerich, 1977 Adapoides Beard et al., 1994 Adapoides troglodytes Beard et al., 1994 Cryptadapis Godinot, 1984 Cryptadapis laharpei Godinot, 1984 Cryptadapis tertius Godinot, 1984 Leptadapis Gervais, 1876 Leptadapis assolicus Leptadapis capellae (Crusafont-Pairo, 1967) Leptadapis leenhardti (Stehlin, 1912) Leptadapis magnus (Filhol, 1874) Leptadapis priscus (Stehlin, 1916) Leptadapis ruetimeyeri (Stehlin, 1912) Microadapis Szalay, 1974 Microadapis lynnae Microadapis sciureus (Stehlin, 1916) Palaeolemur Delfortrie, 1873 Palaeolemur betillei Delfortrie, 1873 Sivaladapidae Thomas & Verma, 1979 Sivaladapinae Thomas & Verma, 1979 Guangxilemur Qi & Beard, 1998 Guangxilemur tongi Qi & Beard, 1998 Hoanghonius Zdansky, 1930 Hoanghonius stehlini Zdansky, 1930 Indraloris Lewis, 1933 Indraloris himalayensis (Pilgrim, 1932) Indraloris kamlialensis (Flynn and Morgan, 2005) Rencunius Gingerich et al., 1994 Rencunius zhoui Gingerich et al., 1994 Sinoadapis Wu & Pan, 1985 Sinoadapis carnosus Wu & Pan, 1985 Sivaladapis Gingerich & Sahni, 1979

Sivaladapis nagrii (Prasad, 1970) Sivaladapis palaendicus (Pilgrim, 1932) Wailekia Ducrocq et al., 1995 Wailekia orientale Ducrocq et al., 1995

Lemuriformes
Lorisoidea Lorisidae Gray, 1821 Karanisia Seiffert et al., 2003 Karanisia clarki Seiffert et al., 2003 Mioeuoticus Leakey, 1962 Mioeuoticus bishopi Leakey, 1962 Mioeuoticus shipmani Phillips & Walker, 2000 Nycticeboides Jacobs, 1981 Nycticeboides simpsoni Jacobs, 1981 Galagidae Gray, 1825 Wadilemur Simons, 1997 Wadilemur elegans Simons, 1997[13] Progalago MacInnes, 1943 Progalago dorae MacInnes, 1943 Progalago songhorensis Simpson, 1967 Komba Simspon, 1967 Komba minor Le Gros Clark & Thomas, 1952 Komba robustus Le Gros Clark & Thomas, 1952 Komba winamensis McCrossin, 1992 Galago Geoffroy, 1796 Galago farafraensis Pickford, Wanas & Soliman, 2006 Galago howelli Wesselman, 1984 Galago sadimanensis Walker, 1987 Lemuroidea Plesiopithecidae Simons and Rasmussen, 1994[16] Plesiopithecus Simons, 1992 Plesiopithecus teras Simons, 1992 Subfossil lemurs:

Babakotia radofilai Archaeolemuridae G. Grandier, 1905 Archaeolemur Filhol, 1895 Archaeolemur edwardsi Filhol, 1895 Archaeolemur majori Filhol, 1895 Hadropithecus Lorenz von Liburnau, 1899 Hadropithecus stenognathus Lorenz von Liburnau, 1899 Palaeopropithecidae Tattersall, 1973 Mesopropithecus Standing, 1905 Mesopropithecus dolichobrachion Simons et al., 1995 Mesopropithecus globiceps Lamberton, 1936 Mesopropithecus pithecoides Standing, 1905 Babakotia Godfrey et al., 1990 Babakotia radofilai Godfrey et al., 1990 Palaeopropithecus G. Grandidier, 1899 Palaeopropithecus ingens G. Grandidier, 1899 Palaeopropithecus kelyus Gommery et al., 2010 Palaeopropithecus maximus Standing, 1903 Archaeoindris Standing, 1909 Archaeoindris fontoynontii Standing, 1909 Megaladapidae Forsyth-Major, 1894 Megaladapis Forsyth-Major, 1894 Subgenus: Megaladapis Megaladapis (Megaladapis) grandidieri Standing, 1903 Megaladapis (Megaladapis) madagascariensis Forsyth-Major, 1894

Subgenus: Peloriadapis Megaladapis (Peloriadapis) edwardsi Grandidier, 1899 Lemuridae Gray, 1821 Pachylemur Lamberton, 1946 Pachylemur insignis Filhol, 1895 Pachylemur jullyi Lamberton, 1948 Daubentoniidae Gray, 1863[17] Daubentonia . Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1795 Daubentonia robusta Lamberton, 1934

Haplorrhini
Tarsiiformes
Tarsiiformes, incertae sedis Ekgmowechashala Macdonald, 1963 Ekgmowechashala philotau Macdonald, 1963 Kohatius Russell & Gingerich, 1980 Kohatius coppensi Russell & Gingerich, 1980 Altanius Dashzeveg & McKenna, 1977 Altanius orlovi Dashzeveg & McKenna, 1977 Altiatlasius Sig et al., 1990 Altiatlasius koulchii Sig et al., 1990 Afrotarsius Simons & Brown, 1985 Omomyoidea Omomyidae Trouessart, 1879 Microchoerinae Lydekker, 1887 Microchoerus Wood, 1846 Microchoerus creechbarrowensis Hooker, 1986 Microchoerus edwardsi Filhol, 1880 Microchoerus erinaceus Wood, 1846 Microchoerus ornatus Stehlin, 1916 Microchoerus wardi Hooker, 1986 Necrolemur Filhol, 1873 Necrolemur antiquus Filhol, 1873 Necrolemur zitteli Schlosser, 1887 Nannopithex Stehlin, 1916 Nannopithex filholi Chantre & Gaillard, 1897

Nannopithex humilidens Thalmann, 1994 Nannopithex quaylei Hooker, 1986 Nannopithex raabi Heller, 1930 Nannopithex zuccolae Godinot et al., 1992 Pseudoloris Stehlin, 1916 Pseudoloris crusafonti Louis & Sudre, 1975 Pseudoloris godinoti Khler & Moy-Sol, 1999 Pseudoloris isabenae Crusafont-Pairo, 1967 Pseudoloris parvulus Filhol, 1890 Anaptomorphinae Cope, 1883 Tribus: Anaptomorphini Anaptomorphus Cope, 1872 Anaptomorphus aemulus Cope, 1872 Anaptomorphus westi Szalay, 1976 Tetonius Matthew, 1915 Tetonius homunculus Cope, 1882 Tetonius matthewi Bown & Rose, 1987 Tetonius mckennai Bown & Rose, 1987 Absarokius Matthew, 1915 Absarokius abbotti Loomis, 1906 Absarokius australis Bown & Rose, 1987 Absarokius nocerai Robinson, 1966 Absarokius metoecus Bown & Rose, 1987 Absarokius witteri Morris, 1954 Teilhardina Simpson, 1940 Teilhardina americana Bown, 1976 Teilhardina asiatica Ni et al., 2004 Teilhardina belgica Teilhard de Chardin, 1927 Teilhardina brandti Gingerich, 1993 Teilhardina crassidens Bown & Rose, 1987 Teilhardina demissa Rose, 1995 Teilhardina tenuicula Jepsen, 1930 Anemorhysis Gazin, 1958 Anemorhysis natronensis Beard et al., 1992 Anemorhysis pattersoni Bown & Rose, 1984 Anemorhysis pearcei Gazin, 1962 Anemorhysis savagei Williams & Covert, 1994 Anemorhysis sublettensis Gazin, 1952 Anemorhysis wortmani Bown & Rose, 1984 Chlororhysis Gazin, 1958 Chlororhysis incomptus Bown & Rose, 1984 Chlororhysis knightensis Gazin, 1958 Pseudotetonius Bown, 1974 Pseudotetonius ambiguus Bown, 1974 Arapahovius Savage & Waters, 1978 Arapahovius advena Bown & Rose, 1991 Arapahovius gazini Savage & Waters, 1978 Aycrossia Bown, 1979 Aycrossia lovei Bown, 1979 Strigorhysis Bown, 1979 Strigorhysis bridgerensis Bown, 1979 Strigorhysis huerfanensis Bown & Rose, 1987 Strigorhysis rugosus Bown, 1979 Gazinius Bown, 1979 Gazinius amplus Bown, 1979 Gazinius bowni Gunnell, 1995

Tatmanius Bown & Rose, 1991 Tatmanius szalayi Bown & Rose, 1991
Tribus: Trogolemurini Trogolemur Matthew , 1909

Trogolemur amplior Beard et al., 1992 Trogolemur fragilis Beard et al., 1992 Trogolemur myodes Matthew, 1909 Sphacorhysis Gunnell, 1995 Sphacorhysis burntforkensis Gunnell, 1995 Omomyinae Trouessart, 1879
Tribus: Omomyiini Omomys Leidy, 1869

Omomys carteri Leidy, 1869 Omomys lloydi Gazin, 1958 Steinius Bown & Rose, 1984 Steinius annectens Bown & Rose, 1991 Steinius vespertinus Matthew, 1915 Chumashius Stock, 1933 Chumashius balchi Stock, 1933
Tribus: Washakiini Washak ius Leidy, 1873

Washakius insignis Leidy, 1873 Washakius izetti Honey, 1990 Washakius laurae Simpson, 1959 Washakius woodringi Stock, 1938 Shoshonius Granger, 1910 Shoshonius bowni Honey, 1990 Shoshonius cooperi Granger, 1910 Dyseolemur Stock, 1934 Dyseolemur pacificus Stock, 1934 Loveina Simpson, 1940 Loveina minuta Loomis, 1906 Loveina wapitiensis Gunnell et al., 1992 Loveina zephyri Simspon, 1940 Tribus: Utahiini Subtribus: Utahiina Utahia Gazin, 1958 Utahia kayi Gazin, 1958 Stockia Gazin, 1958 Stockia powayensis Gazin, 1958 Chipetaia Rasmussen, 1996 Chipetaia lamporea Rasmussen, 1996 Asiomomys Wang & Li, 1990 Asiomomys changbaicus Wang & Li, 1990 Subtribus: Mytoniina Wyomomys Gunnell, 1995 Wyomomys bridgeri Gunnell, 1995 Ageitodendron Gunnell, 1995 Ageitodendron matthewi Gunnell, 1995 Ourayia Gazin, 1958 Ourayia hopsoni Robinson, 1968 Ourayia uintensis Osborn, 1895 Tribus: Macrotarsiini Macrotarsius Clark, 1941 Macrotarsius jepseni Robinson, 1968 Macrotarsius macrorhysis Beard et al., 1994

Macrotarsius montanus Clark, 1941 Macrotarsius roederi Kelly, 1990 Macrotarsius siegerti Robinson, 1968 Hemiacodon Marsh, 1872 Hemiacodon casamissus Beard et al., 1992 Hemiacodon gracilis Marsh, 1872 Yaquius Mason, 1990 Yaquius travisi Mason, 1990 Tribus: Uintaniini Uintanius Matthew, 1915 Uintanius ameghini Wortman, 1904 Uintanius rutherfurdi Robinson, 1966 Jemezius Beard, 1987 Jemezius szalayi Beard, 1987 Tribus: Rooneyini Rooneyia Wilson, 1966 Rooneyia viejaensis Wilson, 1966 Tarsiidae Gray, 1825 Tarsius Storr, 1780 Tarsius eocaenus Beard & al, 1994 Tarsius thailandicus Ginsburg & Mein, 1987 Xanthorhysis Beard, 1998 Xanthorhysis tabrumi Beard, 1998

Simiiformes
Simiiformes, incertae sedis Arsinoea Simons, 1992 Arsinoea kallimos Simons, 1992 Afrotarsiidae Ginsburg & Mein, 1987 Afrotarsius Simons & Bown, 1985 Afrotarsius chatrathi Simons & Bown, 1985 Eosimiidae Beard et al., 1994 Eosimias Beard et al., 1994 Eosimias centennicus Beard et al., 1996 Eosimias sinensis Beard et al., 1994 Bahinia Jaeger et al., 1999 Bahinia pondaungensis Jaeger et al., 1999 Amphipithecidae Godinot, 1994 Pondaungia Pilgrim, 1927 Pondaungia cotteri Pilgrim, 1927

Amphipithecus Colbert, 1937 Amphipithecus mogaungensis Colbert, 1937 Siamopithecus Chaimanee et al., 1997 Siamopithecus eocaenus Chaimanee et al., 1997 Proteopithecidae Simons, 1997 Proteopithecus Simons, 1989 Proteopithecus sylviae Simons, 1989 Serapia Simons, 1992 Serapia eocaena Simons, 1992 Parapithecidae Schlosser, 1911 Apidium Osborn, 1908 Apidium bowni Simons, 1995 Apidium moustafai Simons, 1962 Apidium phiomense Osborn, 1908 Parapithecus Schlosser, 1910 Parapithecus fraasi Schlosser, 1910 Parapithecus grangeri Simons, 1974 Qatrania Simons & Kay, 1983 Qatrania fleaglei Simons & Kay, 1988 Qatrania wingi Simons & kay, 1983 Biretia Bonis et al., 1988 Biretia piveteaui Bonis et al., 1988 Biretia fayumensis Seiffert et al., 2005 Biretia megalopsis Seiffert et al., 2005

Platyrrhini
Atelidae Gray, 1825 Pitheciinae Mivart, 1865 Tribus: Callicebini Xenothrix Williams & Koopman, 1952 Xenothrix mcgregori Williams & Koopman, 1952 Antillothrix MacPhee et al., 1995 Antillothrix bernensis Rmoli, 1977 Paralouatta Rivero & Arredondo, 1991 Paralouatta varonai Rivero & Arredondo, 1991 Paralouatta marianae Tribus: Pitheciini Soriacebus Fleagle et al., 1987 Soriacebus adrianae Fleagle, 1990

Soriacebus ameghinorum Fleagle et al., 1987 Proteropithecia Kay et al., 1999 Proteropithecia neuquenensis Kay et al., 1998 Cebupithecia Stirton & Savage, 1951 Cebupithecia sarmientoi Stirton & Savage, 1951 Nuciruptor Meldrum & Kay, 1997 Nuciruptor rubricae Meldrum & Kay, 1997 Tribus: Homunculini Homunculus Ameghino, 1891 Homunculus patagonicus Ameghino, 1891 Carlocebus Fleagle, 1990 Carlocebus carmenensis Fleagle, 1990 Carlocebus intermedius Fleagle, 1990 Atelinae Gray, 1825 Tribus: Alouattini Stirtonia Hershkovitz, 1970 Stirtonia tatacoensis Stirton, 1951 Stirtonia victoriae Kay et al., 1987 Tribus: Atelini Caipora Cartelle & Hartwig, 1996 Caipora bambuiorum Cartelle & Hartwig, 1996 Atelinae, incertae sedis Protopithecus Lund, 1838 Protopithecus brasiliensis Lund, 1838 Cebidae Bonaparte, 1831 Cebinae Bonaparte, 1831 Tribus: Saimiriini Neosaimiri Stirton, 1951 Neosaimiri fieldsi Stirton, 1951 Laventiana Rosenberger et al., 1991 Laventiana annectens Rosenberger et al., 1991 Dolichocebus Kraglievich, 1951 Dolichocebus gaimanensis Kraglievich, 1951 Cebinae, incertae sedis Chilecebus Flynn & al, 1995 Chilecebus carrascoensis Flynn & al, 1995 Killikaike Tejedor et al., 2006 Killikaike blakei Tejedor et al., 2006 Aotinae Elliot, 1913 Aotus Illiger, 1811 Aotus dindensis Setoguchi & Rosenberger, 1987 Aotinae, incertae sedis Tremacebus Hershkovitz, 1974 Tremacebus harringtoni Rusconi, 1933 Callitrichinae Thomas, 1903 Tribus: Callimiconi Mohanamico Luchterhand et al., 1986 Mohanamico hershkovitzi Luchterhand et al., 1986 Callitrichinae, incertae sedis Patasola Kay & Meldrum, 1997 Patasola magdalenae Kay & Meldrum, 1997 Lagonimico Kay, 1994 Lagonimico conclutatus Kay, 1994 Micodon Setoguchi & Rosenberger, 1985 Micodon kiotensis Setoguchi & Rosenberger, 1985

Platyrrhini, incertae sedis Branisella Hoffstetter, 1969 Branisella boliviana Hoffstetter, 1969

Catarrhini
Catarrhini, incertae sedis Limnopithecus Hopwood, 1933 Limnopithecus evansi MacInnes, 1943 Limnopithecus legetet Hopwood, 1933 Kalepithecus Harrison, 1988 Kalepithecus songhorensis Andrews, 1978 Kamoyapithecus Leakey et al., 1995 Kamoyapithecus hamiltoni Madden, 1980 Propliothecoidea Oligopithecidae Kay & Williams, 1994 Catopithecus Simons, 1989 Catopithecus browni Simons, 1989 Oligopithecus Simons, 1962 Oligopithecus rogeri Gheerbrant et al., 1995 Oligopithecus savagei Simons, 1962 Propliopithecidae Straus, 1961 Moeripithecus Schlosser, 1910 Moeripithecus markgrafi Schlosser, 1910 Propliopithecus Schlosser, 1910 Propliopithecus ankeli Simons et al., 1987 Propliopithecus chirobates Simons, 1965 Propliopithecus haeckeli Schlosser, 1910 Aegyptopithecus Simons, 1965 Aegyptopithecus zeuxis Simons, 1965 Pliopithecoidea Piopithecidae Zapfe, 1960 Dionysopithecinae Dionysopithecus Li, 1978 Dionysopithecus orientalis Suteethorn et al., 1990

Dionysopithecus shuangouensis Li, 1978 Platodonpithecus Li, 1978 Platodonpithecus jianghuaiensis Li, 1978 Pliopitheciinae Pliopithecus Gervais, 1849 Pliopithecus antiquus Gervais, 1849 Pliopithecus piveteaui Hrzeler, 1954 Pliopithecus platyodon Bidermann, 1863 Pliopithecus zhanxiangi Harrison et al., 1991 Epipliopithecus Zapfe & Hrzeler, 1957 Epipliopithecus vindobonensis Zapfe & Hrzeler, 1957 Egarapithecus Moy-Sol et al., 2001 Egarapithecus narcisoi Moy-Sol et al., 2001 Crouzeliidae Cruouzeliinae Ginsburg & Mein, 1980 Plesiopliopithecus Zapfe, 1961 Plesiopliopithecus auscitanensis Bergounioux & Crouzel, 1965 Plesiopliopithecus lockeri Zapfe, 1961 Plesiopliopithecus priensis Welcomme et al., 1991 Plesiopliopithecus rhodanica Ginsburg & Mein, 1980 Anapithecus Kretzoi, 1975 Anapithecus hernyaki Kretzoi, 1975 Laccopithecus Wu & Pan, 1984 Laccopithecus robustus Wu & Pan, 1984
Pliopithecoidea, incertae sedis

Paidopithex Pohlig, 1895 Paidopithex rhenanus Pohlig, 1895 Cercopithecoidea Victoriapithecidae von Koenigswald, 1969 Victoriapithecus von Koenigswald, 1969 Victoriapithecus macinnesi von Koenigswald, 1969 Prohylobates Fourtau, 1918 Prohylobates tandyi Fourtau, 1918 Prohylobates simonsi Delson, 1979 Cercopithecidae Gray, 1821 Colobinae Jernon, 1867 Tribus: Colobini Microcolobus Benefit & Pickford, 1986 Microcolobus tugenensis Benefit & Pickford, 1986 Rhinocolobus M.G. Leakey, 1982 Rhinocolobus turkanaensis M.G. Leakey, 1982 Colobinae, incertae sedis Mesopithecus Wagner, 1839 Mesopithecus pentelicus Wagner, 1839 Mesopithecus monspessulanus Gervais, 1849 Rhinopithecus . Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812 Subgenus: Rhinopithecus . Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812

Subgenus: Rhinopithecus . Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812 Rhinopithecus (Rhinopithecus) lantianensis Hu & Qi, 1978 Dolichopithecus Depret, 1889 Dolichopithecus ruscinensis Depret, 1889 Libypithecus Stromer, 1913 Libypithecus markgrafi Stromer, 1913 Presbytis Eschscholtz, 1821 Presbytis sivalensis Lydekker, 1878 Semnopithecus Desmarest, 1822 Semnopithecus palaeindicus Lydekker, 1884 Parapresbytis Kalmykov & Maschenko, 1992 Parapresbytis eohanuman Berissoglebskaya, 1981 Cercopithecoides Mollett, 1947 Cercopithecoides kimeui M.G. Leakey, 1982 Cercopithecoides williamsi Mollett, 1947 Paracolobus R.E.F. Leakey, 1969 Paracolobus chemeroni R.E.F. Leakey, 1969 Paracolobus mutiwa M.G. Leakey, 1969 Cercopithecinae Gray, 1821 Tribus: Papionini Subtribus: Macanina Macaca Lacpde, 1799 Macaca anderssoni Schlosser, 1924 Macaca jiangchuanensis Pan et al.[verification needed ], 1992 Macaca libyca Stromer, 1920 Macaca majori Schaub & Azzaroli in Comaschi Caria, 1969 (sometimes included in M. sylvanus) Procynocephalus Schlosser, 1924 Procynocephalus subhimalayanus von Meyer, 1848 Procynocephalus wimani Schlosser, 1924 Paradolichopithecus Necrasov et al., 1961 Paradolichopithecus arvernensis Depret, 1929 Subtribus: Papionina Parapapio Jones, 1937 Parapapio ado Hopwood, 1936 Parapapio antiquus Haughton, 1925 Parapapio broomi Jones, 1937 Parapapio jonesi Broom, 1940 Parapapio whitei Broom, 1940 Dinopithecus Broom, 1937 Dinopithecus ingens Broom, 1937 Gorgopithecus Broom & Robinson, 1946 Gorgopithecus major Broom, 1940 Theropithecus I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1843 Subgenus: Theropithecus Delson, 1993 Theropithecus (Theropithecus) darti Broom & Jensen, 1946 Theropithecus (Theropithecus) oswaldi Andrews, 1916 Subgenus: Omopithecus Delson, 1993 Theropithecus (Omopithecus) baringensis R.E.F. Leakey, 1969 Theropithecus (Omopithecus) brumpti Arambourg, 1947 Theropithecus (Omopithecus) quadratirostris Iwamoto, 1982 Papio Papio izodi Gear, 1926 Proconsuloidea

Proconsul Proconsulidae Leakey, 1963 Proconsulinae Leakey, 1963 Proconsul Hopwood, 1933 Proconsul africanus Hopwood, 1933 Proconsul heseloni Walker et al., 1993 Proconsul major Le Gros Clark & Leakey, 1950 Proconsul nyanzae Le Gros Clark & Leakey, 1950 Nyanzapithecinae Harrison, 2002 Nyanzapithecus' Harrison, 1986 Nyanzapithecus harrisoni Kunimatsu, 1997 Nyanzapithecus pickfordi Harrison, 1986 Nyanzapithecus vancouveringorum Andrews, 1974 Mabokopithecus von Koenigswald, 1969

Rangwapithecus gordoni jaw Mabokopithecus clarki von Koenigswald, 1969 Rangwapithecus Andrews, 1974 Rangwapithecus gordoni Andrews, 1974 Turkanapithecus Leakey & Leakey, 1986 Turkanapithecus kalakolensis Leakey & Leakey, 1986 Dendropithecoidea Dendropithecidae Harrison, 2002 Dendropithecus Andrews & Simons, 1977 Dendropithecus macinnesi Le Gros Clark & Leakey, 1950 Micropithecus Fleagle & Simons, 1978 Micropithecus clarki Fleagle & Simons, 1978 Micropithecus leakeyorum Harrison, 1989 Simiolus Leakey & Leakey, 1987

Simiolus enjiessi Leakey & Leakey, 1987 Hominoidea

Homo habilis Griphopithecidae Begun, 2002 Griphopithecus Abel, 1902 Griphopithecus africanus Begun, 2002 Griphopithecus alpani Tekkaya, 1974 Griphopithecus darwini Abel, 1902 Hominidae Gray, 1825 Afropithecinae Andrews, 1992 Afropithecus Leakey & Leakey, 1986 Afropithecus turkanensis Leakey & Leakey, 1986 Heliopithecus Andrews & Martin, 1987 Heliopithecus leakeyi Andrews & Martin, 1987 Nacholapithecus Ishida et al., 1999 Nacholapithecus kerioi Ishida et al., 1999 Equatorius Ward et al., 1999 Equatorius africanus Ward et al., 1999 Kenyapithecinae Leakey, 1962 Kenyapithecus Leakey, 1962 Kenyapithecus wickeri Leakey, 1962 Kenyanthropus platyops Leakey et al., 2001 Homininae Gray, 1825 Tribus: Dryopithecini Dryopithecus Lartet, 1856 Dryopithecus brancoi Schlosser, 1901 Dryopithecus crusafonti Begun, 1992 Dryopithecus fontani Lartet, 1856 Dryopithecus laietanus Villalta & Crusafont, 1944 Dryopithecus wuduensis Xue & Delson, 1988 Ouranopithecus Bonis & Melentis, 1977 Ouranopithecus macedoniensis Bonis & Melentis, 1977 Tribus: Gorillini Chororapithecus Suwa et al., 2007

Chororapithecus abyssinicus Suwa et al., 2007 Tribus: Hominini Sahelanthropus Brunet et al., 2002 Sahelanthropus tchadensis Brunet et al., 2002 Ardipithecus White et al., 1995 Ardipithecus ramidus White et al., 1994 Ardipithecus kadabba Australopithecus Dart, 1925 Australopithecus anamensis Leakey et al., 1995 Australopithecus afarensis Johanson et al., 1978 Australopithecus bahrelghazali Brunet et al., 1995 Australopithecus africanus Dart, 1925 Australopithecus garhi Asfaw et al., 1999 Australopithecus sediba Paranthropus Broom, 1938 Paranthropus aethiopicus Arambourg & Coppens, 1968 Paranthropus boisei Leakey, 1959 Paranthropus robustus Broom, 1938 Homo Linnaeus, 1758 Homo habilis Leakey et al., 1964 Homo erectus Dubois, 1892 Homo rudolfensis Alexeev, 1986 Homo georgicus Vekua et al., 2002 Homo ergaster Groves & Mazak, 1975 Homo antecessor Bermdez de Castro et al., 1997 Homo cepranensis Mallegni et al., 2003 Homo heidelbergensis Schoetensack, 1908 Homo neanderthalensis King, 1864 Homo rhodesiensis Woodward, 1921 Homo floresiensis P. Brown et al., 2004 Ponginae Elliot, 1913 Tribus: Sivapithecini Sivapithecus Pilgrim, 1910 Sivapithecus indicus Pilgrim, 1910 Sivapithecus parvada Kelley, 1988 Sivapithecus sivalensis Lydekker, 1879 Gigantopithecus von Koenigswald, 1935 Gigantopithecus blacki von Koenigswald, 1935 Gigantopithecus giganteus Pilgrim, 1915 Ankarapithecus Ozansoy, 1965 Ankarapithecus meteai Ozansoy, 1965 Tribus: Lufengpithecini Lufengpithecus Wu, 1987 Lufengpithecus chiangmuanensis Chaimanee et al., 2003 Lufengpithecus hudiensis Zhang et al., 1987 Lufengpithecus keiyuanensis Woo, 1957 Lufengpithecus lufengensis Xu et al., 1978 Oreopithecinae Schalbe, 1915 Oreopithecus Gervais, 1872 Oreopithecus bamboli Gervais, 1872 Hominidae, incertae sedis Graecopithecus von Koenigswald, 1972 Graecopithecus freybergi von Koenigswald, 1972 Otavipithecus Conroy et al., 1992

Otavipithecus namibiensis Conroy et al., 1992 Samburupithecus Ishida & Pickford, 1997 Samburupithecus kiptalami Ishida & Pickford, 1997 Orrorin Senut et al., 2001 Orrorin tugenensis Senut et al., 2001 Hominoidea, incertae sedis Pierolapithecus Moy-Sol, 2004 Pierolapithecus catalaunicus Moy-Sol, 2004 Morotopithecus Gebo et al., 1997 Morotopithecus bishopi Gebo et al., 1997