TAMU - Pemex Offshore Drilling

Lesson 12 - Special Problems - Rigs

1

Lesson 12 - Special Problems

Special Problems
 Navigation

 Workboats  Tides

Miscellaneous
 API RP 2P- Spread Mooring  Rigs, Arctic Drilling, etc.
2

Navigation
M

Measured distance
A

Measured distance Known distance

B

Figure 9.1. Navigation using circular grid

Need two or more fixed radio stations - electromagnetic signals. Circular Navigation System. Short range. 3 Quite accurate. Stations A & B can be on shore or on platforms. A third station may be needed...

Fig. 9-2. A hyperbolic grid formed by taking the difference in distance to the fixed stations A and B.

Stations A & B are contacted simultaneously. Difference in arrival times locates you on a hyperbola. 4 A third station is needed to specify where on the hyperbola. Not very accurate. A & B are slave stations.

Satellite Orbit

Time T2

Time T3

Time T1

Computer Receiver

Figure 9.4 - Relative geometry of shipboard user and satellite

On the first pass, position to ~ 1/10 mile. After several passes ~ 100 ft. 9 EA 2-minute messages are available on each pass. Utilizes Doppler frequency shift. 5

Drillship R.F. Bauer Global Marine WD = 2000'

Comparison of Vessel Characteristics

Property
Primary location Location during Storm Vessel motion

Workboat
In Transit Maneuver or or go to harbor Generally bad, but of minor concern

Drilling Vessel
Moored Moored

Must be low
7

Comparison of Vessel Characteristics

Property
Load arrangement Loading and unloading Maneuverability Propulsion/ displacement load line limit

Workboat
Load and unload part of cargo, then ballast to safe trim Easy to load and discharge full cargo Very important 2 to 4 hp/ton

Drilling Vessel
For drilling operation efficiency Relatively little cargo change Relatively unimportant Less than 1 hp/ton
8

9 3: N ( ( ) ( ) ) 85 66 69 8 6 85 3 969 3 88 9 N ( ) 699
N : 9

N 85 86 844 83 3 64 5 6
3

4@

4@

Table 9-3: Characteristics of Offshore Vessels: Load Line Data

Ship No. 1 Draft H Length water line LWL Displacement, LT 1410 166 1,767 Ship No. 2 156 185 2,050

The workboat is the workhorse of the offshore industry. One per ship? Less? Up to 3!

10

1 1 1 1 7

7 1 1 7 1 7 1
11

Fresh Water Engine Room

Drill Water

Fuel Tanks Pneumatic Tanks

The workboat brings supplies for drilling a well. Places anchors. Most tanks are below deck.12

Maximum Storm Condition

orth Sea

With 496 ft leg Water depth Max wave height Corresponding wave period Max wind velocity Air gap Current Penetration 31 ft

85 ft 1 4 sec 89 kts 65 ft 1 6 kts 1 ft

Jack-up Rig

*Cantilever extended 55 ft alt; Full dynamic analysis

13

Dimensions and Capacities Jacking System

 Number 3 X 12 pinions  Size 1,000 kips (446 T) per pinion continuous jacking  Size 1,600 kips (726) per pinion maximum holding  Jacking speed 1.55 ft/min.

Rack Chock System

 6 racks per leg for 3 legs  Design Friede & Goldman  39,000 kips capacity--- hydraulic
14

Figure 9.8 - Idealized oscillations of tides

14-19 Days Spring tide Neap Tide Mean Water Level

Once or twice per day

Tide = sea level oscillations of approximately daily or twice per day. Affect KB height above ML. 15 Measurements should be normalized to Mean Water Level. Tides vary from <1 ft to ~ 50 ft.

Figure 9.9 Typical tide curves for United States ports.

16

Figure 9.9 - Typical tide curves for United States ports

Boston

New York

17

Figure 9.9 - Typical tide curves for United States ports.

Hampton Roads

Savannah River Entr.

18

Figure 9.9 - Typical tide curves for United States ports.

Ft 2 1 0 Key West

Pensacola

Galveston

NOTE: Pensacola - almost disappears! Galveston - from 1 to 2 cycles per day!

19

API RP 2P January 1 1984

20

! ! !

X X

1

Figure 9 - Basic Catenary Relationships

21

Figure 10. Force Geometry and Vector Diagram

22

NOTE: API RP 2P has different force equations

Fig. 11 - Example Analysis Wind Areas

23

Vessel Hydrophone signal Hydrophones

Beaconsignal transmission Wellhead assembly Sea bottom

Wellhead position Ship position Position Indicating Display Short base Line phase comparison system

Acoustic Position Reference System. Source: Honeywell

24

Tilt Indicator for Guide Structures

25 May be mounted on temporary guide base. View with camera. Start hole within 1/2 deg. of vertical.

Offshore Drilling Structures

Offshore Drilling Structures Fixed Floating Tension Log

26

Can be up to 10 miles * 20 miles * 200 ft

52,800 * 105,600 * 200 * 62.4 * 0.9 = 6.26 E13 lbs

} 31 billion tons!

Ice Floes in the Beaufort Sea

27 It is a good idea to get out of the way when one of these babies comes along! Glory Hole may be needed

WL

ML Spud Cans Platform Piles

Typical Jack-up & Platform layout

28

Fixed Jacking System with Leg Locking Device

29

30

Noble Drillings Cecil Forbes A Jack-Up Rig

31

Shells Cognac
Conventional 20-well Platform Wells are directionally drilled
32

Shells Bullwinkle
Worlds tallest offshore structure 1,353 water depth Production began in 1989
45,000 b/d 80MM scf/d
33

Small concrete monotower concept

Concrete Monotower Concept Gravity Structure

34

Several guy wires and clump weights support a compliant platform.

Guy wires

35

Main Deck Column

A semisubmersible with floats that are located below the waterline when drilling
36

37

Sonats George Washington

A SemiSubmersible Rig

38

Zapatas Trader A Drillship

39

Joides Resolution Ocean Drilling Program

40

Production Platform
Several tensioned tubes hold a tension-leg platform on station.
Steel Tubes
41

42