Chapter 1 Vocabulary

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1.

American Dream

An American ideal of a happy, successful life, which often includes wealth, a house, a better life for one's children, and for some, the ability to grow up to be president. member of the political community to whom certain rights and obligations are attached society created when citizens are allowed to organize and express their views publicly as they engage in an open debate about public policy one who believes that a government is best that governs least and that big government can only infringe on individual, personal, and economic rights a system of government that gives power to the people, whether directly or through elected representatives a system of government in which members of the polity meet to discuss all policy decisions and then agree to abide by majority rule the formal vehicle through which policies are made and affairs of state are conducted. a system of government that gives citizens the opportunity to vote for representatives who will work on their behalf one who favors governmental involvement in the economy and in the provision of social services and who takes an activist role in protecting the rights of women, the elderly, minorities, and the environment one who favors a free market economy and no governmental interference in personal liberties The central premise of direct democracy in which only policies that collectively garner the support of a majority of voters will be made into law. document written by the Pilgrims while at sea enumerating the scope of their government and its expectations of citizens a form of government in which power is vested in hereditary kings and queens who govern in the interests of all

14.

Natural Law

a doctrine that society should be governed by certain ethical principles that are part of nature and, as such, can be understood by reason a form of government in which the right to participate is conditioned on the possession of wealth, social status, military position, or achievement key characteristic of U.S. Democracy. Initially meaning freedom from governmental interference, today it includes demands for freedom to engage in a variety of practices free from governmental discrimination. commonly shared attitudes, beliefs, and core values about how government should operate The principle that all citizens are equal in the political process, as implied by the phrase "one person, one vote" the coherent set of values and beliefs about the purpose and scope of government held by groups and individuals the study of who gets what, when, and how - or how policy decisions are made the principle that governments must draw their powers from the consent of the governed the notion that the ultimate authority in society rests with the people a government rooted in the consent of the governed; a representative or indirect democracy one who believes that traditional moral teachings should be supported and furthered by the government an agreement between the people and their government signifying their consent to be governed The belief that people are free and equal by natural right, and that this in turn requires that all people give their consent to be governed; espoused by John Locke and influential in the writing of the Declaration of Independence. a form of government in which power resides in a leader who rules according to self-interest and without regard for individual rights and liberties

15.

Oligarchy

2.

Citizen

3.

Civil Society

16.

Personal Liberty

4.

Conservative

17.

Political Culture Political Equality Political Ideology Politics Popular Consent Popular Sovereignty Republic

5.

Democracy

18.

6.

Direct Democracy

19.

7.

Government

20.

21.

8.

Indirect (Representative) Democracy Liberal

22.

9.

23.

24.

10.

Libertarian

Social Conservative Social Contract

25.

11.

Majority Rule

26.

Social Contract Theory

12.

Mayflower Compact

13.

Monarchy

27.

Totalitarianism