Questions for E8 and E9 Experiment 8 Preparation of Ca(OH)2 1. Write the balanced chemical equation for the synthesis of Ca(OH)2.

What is the relationship of its Keq to Ksp? 2. Why was NaOH added in excess? 3. Why was Ca(NO)3 added dropwise with continuous mixing? 4. Why was the precipitate washed with distilled water? with 95% ethanol? with acetone? Why should the order be like that? Preparation of saturated Ca(OH)2 solution 5. What was the indicator that a saturated solution had already been prepared? 6. Why is it important to filter the solution? Titrimetric Analysis 7. What is the initial color of the solution when phenolphthalein was added? Why is it so? 8. What is the color at the endpoint of titration? Data Analysis 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Express Ksp in terms of the molar solubility of Ca(OH)2. Solve for the [OH-] in each solution. From the computed [OH-], solve for the [Ca2+]. This value is your molar solubility. From the data obtained from saturated solution with water as solvent, solve for the Ksp of the Ca(OH)2. Compare the experimental to the theoretical value of Ksp. Compute for the ionic strength of each solution containing KCl. Plot molar solubility against ionic strength of the solvent. DO NOT perform linear regression. What can you say about the trend? Include only the solutions with KCl. DO NOT include data for water in your plot. Compare the solubility of Ca(OH)2 in 0.1M Ca(NO3)2 solution to the solubility in water. Provide an explanation to the experimental result. Calculate for the theoretical solubility of Ca(OH)2 in 0.1M Ca(NO3)2 and compare it to your experimental data. Discuss common ion and diverse ion effect.

15. 16. 17.

18. Give all possible sources of errors, determine which parameter will be affected, and determine whether it would give a positive or a negative error. Tabulate.

Experiment 9 Cu(OH)2(s) Cu2+ + 2OH- System 1. Give the balance chemical equation for the synthesis of Cu(OH)2. 2. After centrifugation and decantation, why was NaOH added? 3. Write the reaction happening in each of the test tube.

4. Compute the K for each net reaction. 5. Does your observation agree with your computed K of the net reaction? Explain your answer. NaCl(s) NaCl(aq) System 6. Between 95% ethanol and HCl, which gave more precipitate? Why? 7. By what virtue did ethanol enhance the recrystallization/precipitation of NaCl? 8. By what virtue did HCl enhance the recrystallization/precipitation of NaCl? Explain the observed dissolution of MgSO4 in NaCl. Is this always true for any saturated salt solution?