Experiment Instructions

HM 150.08 Impact of Jet Apparatus

04/2004

HM 150.08

IMPACT OF JET APPARATUS

All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gertebau GmbH, Barsbttel, Germany 01/2001

Experiment Instructions
Please read and follow the safety regulations before the first installation!

Publication-no.: 917.000 08 A 150 02 (A)

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HM 150.08

IMPACT OF JET APPARATUS

Table of Contents
1 2
All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gertebau GmbH, Barsbttel, Germany 01/2001

Unit Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Preparing and Performing the Experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Calculation of Theoretical Jet Force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.1 For Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3.2 For Hemisphere. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3.3 For Slope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3.4 For Cone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Results of Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.1 Measured Values for Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4.2 Measured Values for Hemisphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4.3 Measured Values for Slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4.4 Measured Values for Cone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5.1 Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5.2 Hemisphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5.3 Slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5.4 Cone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Evaluation of Experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6.1 Comparison of Theoretical and Measured Force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 6.2 Comparison of the Four Bodies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Technical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

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IMPACT OF JET APPARATUS

Unit Description The unit is designed to investigate jet forces impacting against stationary deflectors. The impact forces are produced by a water jet. The impact forces are measured using a lever mechanism and loading weights.

All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gertebau GmbH, Barsbttel, Germany 01/2001

The impact forces of the water jet are set via the flow rate. Water is supplied either from the HM150 basic flow module or by way of the laboratory mains. The HM150 enables a closed water circuit to be constructed.
1

The unit essentially consists of:

Base Plate [7] Inlet connection [8] Drain connection [6] Perspex vessel [5] Nozzle [4] Deflector [3] Lever mechanism [2] Loading weights [1]

Various deflectors can be fitted at position [3].

8 7

Plate Hemissphere Slope Cone

1 Unit Description

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IMPACT OF JET APPARATUS

Preparing and Performing the Experiment Performance of Experiment:

Place the test set-up on the HM150 so that the drain routes the water into the channel. Fit connecting hose between HM150 and unit. Open HM150 drain. Assemble deflector [1], (Plate, Hemisphere, Slope or Cone ). Loosen the 3 screws [3] on the cover [4] and remove cover together with lever mechanism. Fit appropriate deflector. Do not forget to tighten lock nut [2] on rod. Screw cover back onto vessel. Use adjusting screw [5] to set pointer to zero (zero notch [7]). When doing so, do not place any loading weights on measurement system [8]. Apply desired loading weight [8] 0.2N; 0.3N; 1N; 2N; 5N or combinations thereof. Close main HM150 cock. Switch on HM150 pump. Carefully open main cock until pointer is on zero again. Close HM150 drain cock. Determine volumetric flow. This involves recording time t required to fill up the volumetric tank of the HM150 from 20 to 30 litres. Add loading weights and note down time t for 10 litres. Switch off pump, open drain.

All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gertebau GmbH, Barsbttel, Germany 01/2001

7 5

2 Preparing and Performing the Experiment

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IMPACT OF JET APPARATUS

Calculation of Theoretical Jet Force The theoretical jet force is calculated from the principle of linear momentum kg The density of the water is = 1 l

All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gertebau GmbH, Barsbttel, Germany 01/2001

3.1

For Plate

Fth = V (w 1 w 2 )
Fth w1 w2 w2

if w 2 = 0 then

Fth = V w 1

Plate

3.2

For Hemisphere

Fth = V (w 1 w 2 )
F th

w1

if w 2 = w 1 then

Fth = 2 V w 1

w2
y

w2 Hemisphere

3 Calculation of Theoretical Jet Force

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IMPACT OF JET APPARATUS

For Slope

& w cos Fx = V 1
Fth Fx w2

Fth = F x cos
& w cos 2 Fth = V 1

with = 45

All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gertebau GmbH, Barsbttel, Germany 01/2001

45 w2 w1 Slope

Attention! Please note direction of coordinate axis!

3.4

For Cone

& (w w ) Fth = V 1 2x
F th 270 w1

w 2 = w 1 cos w 2 x = w 2 cos

with = 45

w2
x

w2

& w (1 + cos 2 ) Fth = V 1

Cone

3 Calculation of Theoretical Jet Force

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IMPACT OF JET APPARATUS

Results of Measurement The measured Values for deflectors with Plate, Hemisphere, Slope and Cone face are listed below. A tolerance of 0.2 N was produced in the measurements by adding further small loading weights.

All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gertebau GmbH, Barsbttel, Germany 01/2001

4.1

Measured Values for Plate Plate (90o deflection)

Force F in N 0.2
Fth w1 w2 w2

Mesuring time in s 45 35 24 21 13

Flow rate in ltr/s 0.22 0.29 0.41 0.48 0.74

0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 7.0

Plate

Measured Volume : 10 Ltr

4.2

Measured Values for Hemisphere Hemisphere (180o deflection)

Force F in N 0.2 0.5
w1

F th

Mesuring time in s 61 48 36 28 21

Flow rate in ltr/s 0.16 0.21 0.28 0.36 0.48

1.0 2.0 3.0 6.0

w2
y

w2 Hemisphere

Measured Volume : 10 Ltr

4 Results of Measurement

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IMPACT OF JET APPARATUS

Measured Values for Slope Slope (45 and 135 deflection)

Force F in N 0.2
Fth Fx w2

Mesuring time in s 43 30 28 24 21

Flow rate in ltr/s 0.23 0.33 0.36 0.42 0.48

0.2 0.5 0.8

All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gertebau GmbH, Barsbttel, Germany 01/2001

45 w2 w1 Slope
x y

1.0 1.5 Measured Volume : 10 Ltr

4.4

Measured Values for Cone Cone (135 deflection)

Force F in N 0.2 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0
w2
x

F th 270 w1

Mesuring time in s 49 41 30 25 19

Flow rate in ltr/s 0.20 0.24 0.33 0.40 0.52

w2

5.0
y

Cone

Measured Volume : 10 Ltr

4 Results of Measurement

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IMPACT OF JET APPARATUS

Results The velocity w1 of the jet from the nozzle is calculated from the volumetric flow and the cross-sectional area AD of the nozzle.

w1
All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gertebau GmbH, Barsbttel, Germany 01/2001

4 V d 2

V AD

where

AD

d 4

Nozzle diameter d = 10mm = 0,01m

The Values for the 4 bodies are as follows :

5.1

Plate
Flow rate V in ltr/s 0.22 0.29 0.41 0.48 0.74 velocity w1 in m/s 2.82 3.65 5.26 6.12 9.42 calculated Force Fth in N 0.62 1.04 2.17 2.95 2.96 measured Force F in N 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 7.0

5 Results

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5.2

IMPACT OF JET APPARATUS

Hemisphere
Flow rate V in ltr/s 0.16 0.21 0.28 0.36 velocity w1 in m/s 2.07 2.66 3.57 4.56 6.06 calculated Force Fth in N 0.68 1.11 2.01 3.27 5.77 measured Force F in N 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 6.0

All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gertebau GmbH, Barsbttel, Germany 01/2001

0.48

5.3

Slope
Flow rate V in ltr/s 0.23 0.33 0.36 0.42 0.48 velocity w1 in m/s 2.96 4.22 4.52 5.31 6.11 calculated Force Fth in N 0.34 0.7 0.8 1.11 1.47 measured Force F in N 0.2 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.5

5.4

Cone
Flow rate V in ltr/s 0.20 0.24 0.33 0.40 0.52 velocity w1 in m/s 2.58 3.1 4.23 5.1 6.56 calculated Force Fth in N 0.78 1.13 2.11 3.06 5.06 measured Force F in N 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 5.0

5 Results

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IMPACT OF JET APPARATUS

Evaluation of Experiment Comparison of Theoretical and Measured Force Calculation of the jet impact forces from the principle of linear momentum yields a good level of coincidence with the measured Values:
Example Value : 1N Plate Hemisphere Slope Cone calculated Force Fth in N 1.04 1.11 1.11 1.13 mesaured Force F in N 1 1 1 1

All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gertebau GmbH, Barsbttel, Germany 01/2001

6.2

Comparison of the Four Bodies The 4 bodies used have a different geometry. This is the reason, why the energy of the water jet is used different by each body. How large the extent of utilisation is, can be seen, for example, on the amount of water need to raise a body against the force F:
Example Value : 0.5 N Plate Hemisphere Slope Cone Flow rate V in ltr/s 0.22 0.16 0.33 020

It is obvious, that the Hemisphere uses the energy of the water jet best. The lowest extent of utilisation is made with the Slope.

6 Evaluation of Experiment

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IMPACT OF JET APPARATUS

Technical Data

Perspex cylinder: Diameter : Hight : Set of weights:

All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gertebau GmbH, Barsbttel, Germany 01/2001

200 mm 340 mm

4 pc. of 3 pc. of 2 pc. of 2 pc. of 2 pc. of Flow rate: Main dimensions: Length: Width: Height: Weight:

0.2 N 0.3 N 1N 2N 5N max. 45 ltr/min

400 mm 400 mm approx. 875 mm approx. 23 kg

7 Technical Data

10