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Measurement and Evaluation in Education

Question 1 (a) Discuss five (5) characteristics that affects the performance of an electrical measurement system (5 marks) (b) With the aid of a block diagram, show that accuracy is a property of a complete system rather than a single element of the system. (10 marks) (c) Briefly explain the elements of an electrical/electronics measurement system. (5 marks) Question 2 (a) Distinguish between the Celsius, Kelvin and Fahrenheit temperature scales. (6 marks) (b) How does the triple point of water relate to the Kelvin scale? (6 marks) (c) A silicon film was illuminated by photons with energy of 1.05eV. Convert this energy to Kelvin, Celsius and Rankine temperature scales respectively. (8 marks) Question 3 (a) Define the following terms in relation to signal processing. i. Quantization ii. Resolution iii. Sampling (4 marks) (b) Briefly discuss the operations involved in analogue-to-digital conversion (9 marks) (c) A 10-bit analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) has a full-scale measurement range from -20V to 20V. i. What is the ADC resolution? (3 marks) ii. What is the voltage resolution? (3 marks) Question 4 (a) What is a digital-to-analogue converter (DAC)? Describe the constructional principles of a typical DAC (4 marks) (b) Use fig.4.1 to answer the following questions.

i. ii.

iii.

Derive the relationship for the output voltage of the DAC (6 marks) The DAC is required to give an output voltage in the range of 0 to 2.55V, corresponding to an 8-bit input signal. Assuming Vref = -15V and R = 1K, calculate the value of Rf required. (6 marks) Find the output voltage corresponding to an input signal 10101010 (4 marks)

Question 5 (a) Distinguish between the following quantities: i. Atmospheric pressure ii. Gauge pressure iii. Absolute pressure iv. Vacuum pressure (4 marks) (b) Derive the relationship for measuring pressure in a differential manometer. (4 marks) (c) The liquid in a U-tube manometer in fig.5.1 is mercury. h1=4cm, h2=8cm. atmospheric pressure is 1080 millibar. i. ii. iii. iv. What is the absolute pressure at the bottom of the U-tube? What is the absolute pressure at a depth of 5cm below the free surface? What is the absolute pressure of the mercury vapour in the evacuated space? What is the gauge pressure of the vapour in Pascal? (12 marks)

Question 6 State the Bernoullis principle and derive the Bernoullis equation for an incompressible fluid. (20 marks) Question 7 (a) Distinguish between the following terms, citing examples where appropriate.
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i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii.

Flowline Streamline Laminar flow Turbulent flow Incompressible flow Compressible flow Ideal fluid (7 marks) (b) Derive the relationship for measuring Venturimeter (13 marks)

flow

speed

in

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