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1.1
1.1.1
1.1.2
1.1.3
1.2
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.3
1.3.1
1.3.2
1.4
1.5
1.5.1
1.5.2
1.5.3
1.5.4
1.5.5
1.6
1.6.1
1.6.2
1.6.3
1.6.4
1.6.5
1.7
1.7.1
1.7.2
1.7.3
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2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
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3
6
7
8
8
8
8
9
9
10
11
12
14
14
15
17
17
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
20
21
21
21
21
23
23
24
24
24
25
26
27

2.6
2.6.1
2.6.2
2.7
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3.1
3.2
3.3
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
3.3.4
3.3.5
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.6.1
3.6.2
3.6.3
3.6.4
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4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.6.1
4.6.2
4.6.3
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.10.1
4.10.2
4.10.3
4.11

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28
29
29
31
33
33
33
33
33
34
34
34
34
34
38
39
39
40
40
41
42
42
46
47
48
49
52
52
52
52
52
54
63
65
65
71
73
75

nveyK I 5

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3Annex 1 Parties
BCCSAP
CDMP
COP
CRA
CPP
CPPIB
CSO
CSDDWS
DAE
DDMC
DER
DMB
DMC
DMIC
DMIN
DNA
DoE
DoF
DoL
DRR
EWS
FAO
FFWC
GoB
HFA
HRRP
ICT
LACC
LDRRF
MDTF
M&E
MoEF
MoFL
MoFDM
MoU
NGO
PCVA
RRAP
SOD
UDMC
UNFCCC
UZDMC
WCDRR
6 I nveyK

Rich Countries (USA, Canada, UK, Japan and EU Countries

Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan
Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme
Conference of Parties
Community Risk Assessment
Cyclone Preparedness Programme
Cyclone Preparedness Programme Implementation Board
Civil Society Organisation
Committee for Speedy Dissemination of Disaster Related Warning / Signals
Department of Agricultural Extension
District Disaster Management Committee
Disaster Emergency Response
Disaster Management Bureau
Disaster Management Committee
Disaster Management Information Centre
Disaster Management Information Network
Disaster Needs Assessment
Department of Environment
Department of Fisharies
Department of Livestock
Directorate of Relief and Rehabilitation Disaster Risk Reduction
Early Warning System
Food and Agricultural Organisation
Flood Forecasting and Warning System
Government of Bangladesh
Hyogo Framework of Action
Household Risk Reduction Programme
Information Communication Technology
Livelihood Adaptation to Climate Change
Local Disaster Risk Reduction Fund
Multi-Donor Trust Fund
Monitoring and Evaluation
Ministry of Environment and Forestry
Ministry of Fisharies and Livestock
Ministry of Food and Disaster Management
Memorandum of Understanding
Non-Government Organisation
Participatory Community Based Vulnarability Assessment
Risk Reduction Action Plan
Standing Order on Disaster
Union Disaster Management Committee
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Upazilla Disaster Management Committee
World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction

cwifvlv cwiwPwZ
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abx wek (Annex 1 Parties)
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nveyK I 7

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Rjevqy cwieZb I AwfhvRb
1.1

AvenvIqv I Rjevqy

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hv Avgiv cZvkv Kwi Zv njv Rjevqy Ges Avgiv hv cvB mUv njv AvenvIqv
Climate is what we expect and Weather is what we get
1.1.1 AvenvIqv
Avgv`i Rxebi mKj B AvenvIqvi cfve AvQ| D`vniY^ic, Avgv`i Rxeb RxweKv wbfi Ki ewcvZ, Zvcgvv, evZvmi
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1.1.3 AvenvIqv I Rjevqyi ga cv_K

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1.2

Rjevqy cwieZb

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AvenvIqv ejv nq|
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1.1.2 Rjevqy
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8 I nveyK

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Avgv`i ckvMZ KvRi cwiKbv KiZvg| GB cwiwwZ wbix Rjevqy cwieZbi msvI wbicb Kiv nqQ| Rjevqy cwieZbi
msvq ejv nqQ, Kvb RvqMvi Mo Rjevqyi `xNgqv`x I A_c~Y cwieZbK Rjevqy cwieZb ejv nq|
wK mvwZK mgq gvbyli Zix wewfb iKg KgKvi dj hgb KjKviLvbvi auvqv, hvbevnbi Zj I Mvmi auvqv, MvQ KU
djv BZvw` wekK gvMZ D Ki ZzjQ Ges Rjevqyi A_c~Y cwieZbK A^vfvweK cwieZbi w`K GwMq wbQ| ewkK
DZv ew gvb evqygji Zvcgvv gvMZ ew cvIqv| Avi GB NUbvwU `Z NUQ| G KviY eZgvb mgq, eZgvbKvj, mvgvwRK
I ivRbwZK `wKvY _K, Rjevqy cwieZb ejj mviv cw_exi B`vwbs mgqi gvbweK Kvhgi KviY Rjevqy cwieZbK
evSvq| A_vr gvbyli KgKvRwbZ KviY Rjevqy cwieZbi dj cw_exi evqygji Zvcgvv, evqyPvc, evZvm BZvw` m~PKi
cwieZb nq I cieZxZ cw_exc Zvi cfve NU|
Rjevqy cwieZbi mvgvwRK I ivRbwZK `wfwi msv _K Avgiv RvbZ cvijvg, Rjevqy cwieZb ejZ B`vwbs mgqi gvbweK
Kvhgi KviY Rjevqyi h cwieZb NU, ZvK Rjevqy cwieZb ejv nq| A_vr gvbyl wbRi KgKv cwiPvjbvi gvag cwZwbqZ
GKUz GKUz Ki AvenvIqvK KjywlZ KiQ, A_vr AvenvIqv cwieZbi djvdjK cfvweZ KiQ| hvi dj RjevqyI cfvweZ nQ|
Gi dj Rjevqy cwieZbi djvdj AwZmy, cvq AcwieZbxq I Zgbfve cwijwZ nq bv, weewZwU wg_v nq hvQ|
eZgvb AvenvIqv I Rjevqy wevbxiv Rjevqy cwieZbi djvdj cwieZbkxj I cwijwZ nevi welq, Ggb Z_ Dcv MelYv
_K cqQb| hgb, Rjevqy wevbx`i gZ, cw_exK gvbyli emevm Kivi DchvwM ivLZ nj 20-30 eQi fzci Mo
Zvcgvv nvm ev ew 1 wWMx mjwmqvm Gi ga _vKv cqvRb| wK weklMY ejQb, 1990 _K 2100 mvji ga weki
Zvcgvv 1.1 wWMx mjwmqvm _K 6.4 wWMx mjwmqvm ch ew cve|

AvBwcwmwm, 2001 Gi wicvU ejv nqQ, Ebwesk kZvxZ Di

gii Zvcgvv ewi nvi MZ 1000 eQii gai hKvb kZvxi
Pq mePq ewkgvvq wQj| cwimsLvb `Lv MQ, fzci Mo
Zvcgvv cwZeQi 0.6 +0.2 wWMx mjwmqvm ew cqQ
(Mvd-1), weki AbK RvqMvq MxKvj ew Ges wekevwc
kxZKvj nvm cqQ|

1.2.2 Rjevqy cwieZb P

BZvga Avgiv RbwQ, Rjevqy cwieZbi KviY MxYnvDR Mvmi (Kveb WvB AvBW, wg_b, bvBUvm AvBW, IRvb BZvw`)
wbMgY, A_vr Kveb WvB AvBW, wg_b, bvBUvm AvBW, IRvb BZvw` Rjevqy cwieZbi wbqvgK wnmve KvR Ki| MxYnvDR
Mvm njv evqygji cvKwZK Dcv`vb, hv m~hiwkK (warmth) ai iL cw_exi fiK gvbyli RxebaviYi DchvMx (15 wWMx
mjwmqvm) cvq Ki ivL| GB cwqvK MxYnvDR Bd ejv nq| gi Aji eid Li iKW cixv Ki Rvbv hvq, c~e
Kgc cvq 10 KvwU ev 1 wgwjqb eQi ai cw_exi Rjevqy aygv Vvv chvq ev Zzlvi hyM I Mig chvq ev AvtZzlvi hyM- GB `yB
Aevq cwigY KiQ| eZgvb cw_ex AvtZzlvi hyM chvq iqQ| wK weklMY cixv Ki cqQb, 1970 mvj _K cw_ex
hfve D nqQ, mUv aygv cvKwZK wbqvgK ev KviY w`q evLv Kiv hvq bv| gbyl KgKv hgb Re Rvjvbxi eenvi I jv
wKqvwis (land clearing) Gi dj MZ 200 eQi evqygj AwaK MxYnvDR Mvm Rgv nqQ, hvi dj cw_ex AwaK cwigvY Zvc
ai ivLQ (trapping more heat) Ges cw_exi fii Zvcgvv ew cvQ|

1.2.1 Rjevqy cwieZbi KviY

cvKwZK wbqvgK I gvbweK KgKvi dj mvavibZ Rjevqyi cwieZb NU| cvKwZK wbqvgK g~jZt cvKwZK wbqg Rjevqy
cwieZbK cfvweZ Ki, Abw`K evqygj cvK-wkvqb hyM _K wkvqb KgKvi dj wbMZ MxYnvDR Mvm (wRGBPwR) I
Avivmji NbZ ewK Rjevqy cwieZbi gvbweK KgKv wnmve cwiMwYZ Kiv nQ| MxYnvDR Mvm wnmve Kveb WvB AvBW,
wg_b, bvBUvm AvBW I IRvbK weePbv Kiv nq|

Qwe t Advg
g~jZt Rjevqy cwieZbi cavb KviY nQ MxYnvDR Mvm (wRGBPwR) wbMgb| DbZ ivjv MZ `yBk eQi ai G Mvm Drcv`b
KiQ| Zv`i A_bwZK Dbqbi cQb h cwiekMZ wZ nqQ, h Kveb WvB AvBW, wg_b Drcb nqQ, mUv evqygj
AvUK MQ| hyiv, KvbvWv, hyivR, BDivc, Awjqv, Rvcvbi gZv `kjvi `yBk eQii `vnbi dj ewkK Rjevqyi
cwieZb nQ|
10 I nveyK

QweZ evLv Kiv nqQ t (1) m~h _K cwZ eMwgUvi 343 IqvU Zvcgvvi mi wewKiY evqygj cek KiQ; (2) MxYnvDR f`
Ki cw_exZ Gm miwewKiYi cKZ gvv nQ cwZ eMwgUvi 240 IqvU; (3) wKQz miwewKiY evqygj I fzc cwZdwjZ nq
cwZ eMwgUvi 103 IqvU Zvcgvvq gnvKvk wdi hvQ; (4) cwZ eMwgUvi 168 IqvU Zvcgvvq mikwi wKQz Ask fzc&
kvwlZ nQ Ges f~cK D Ki ZzjQ; (5) MxYnvDR Mvmjv wKQz AwZeYx iwk kvlY Ki Ges wKQz gnvKvki w`K
cwZdwjZ Ki| GB NUbvi KviYB f~c I Uvcvwqvi D nq; (6) cwZ eMwgUvi 240 IqvU Zvcgvvq wKQz AwZebx iwk
evqyj f` Ki I gnvKvk nvwiq hvq|
nveyK I 11

Dcii QweZ evLv Kiv nqQ, m~h _K miwewKiY NU; miwewKiYi wKQz Ask MxYnvDR Mvmi i f` Ki f~c Avm|
f~c wKQz wewKiY kvlY Ki Ges wKQz Ask MxY nvDR Mvmi i cwZdwjZ Ki A_vr wdwiq `q| Avevi MxYnvDR Mvmi i
wKQz AwZebx iwk kvlY Ki Ges wKQz Ask gnvKvk diZ cvVvq| g~jZt MxYnvDR Mvmi i AwZebx iwk kvlY Kiv Ges
cwZdwjZ Kivi NUbvB f~cK D Kivi wbqvgK wnmve KvR Ki, Rjevqy cwieZbI GB NUbvi KviY NU _vK|

AwZew

Abvew

AwaK nvi Zvcgvv ew

ebv

`xNw`b ai KyqvkvQb _vKv

Akv mgy`, mvBKvb

wevbx`i gZ, Rjevqyi GB cwieZb Lye ewk gvvq NUj gvbyli `bw`b Rxebhvcb Gi cfve cKU nq DV, A_vr gvbyli
`bw`b Rxebhvcb gwKi gyL co| wK eZgvb hfve f~ci Zvcgvv hfve ew cvQ, ZvZ 2100 mvji c~e weki
Zvcgvv 1.4 wWMx mjwmqvm _K 5.8 wWMx mjwmqvm ch ew cve| A_vr eZgvb cw_exi Zvcgvv A^vfvweK nvi ew cvQ,
hvi dj Rjevqyi ^vfvweK cwieZb evnZ nQ, hvi dj cw_exZ gvbyli emevmhvMZvi cwiekI web nQ|

1.3

Rjevqy cwieZbi cfve

cw_exi Zvcgvv ew cj 5wU NUbv

AvewkKfve NUe| hgb, (1) `wY gi,
ceZi Pov I wngevn h eid AvQ; Zv Mj
hve| hvi dj DRvb _K Avmv cvwbi
cwigvY evoe Ges wewfb Aj Nb Nb ebv
ne| 2007 mvj GKB eQiB Avgv`i `k
`yBevi ebv nqwQjv| GB fqvenZv AviI
ew cve| Avevi ceZ I wngevni eid kl
nq Mj b`xjv wKq hve, dj Kvbv
cvwb cvwb cvIqv hve bv| elvKvj DRvbi
cvwb dzwiq hvevi ci kxZKvj cvwbi NvUwZ
`Lv `e, dj Liv-Avv GjvKvi cwigvY
evoe| (2) mgy`i DcwifvM Mig nq
wbPvc I N~wYSoi msLv ew cve|
wbPvcj N~wYSo icvwiZ nq RjvQvm
ew cve| (3) wKQz wKQz Aj mgy`i cvwb
ev nq AwZwi gN I ew
ne| (4) wewfb Aj
elvKvj Zzgyj ewZ ebv I
kxZ gmyg Liv ne Ges
(5) mgy`i cvwb eo Mj
Rvqvii cvwbi DPZv evoe
Ges RjvQvmi cwigvY
eo hve|
hnZz ewkK Rjevqy wmg
D nQ mnZz vbxq
AvenvIqvqI cwieZb nQ|
AwaKvsk G cwieZb
axiMwZ mb Ges mnR
evaMg bq| Ze nqZv 10
eQi ev ZviI AwaK mgq ai
GwU Avgv`i bRi AvmQ|
Rjevqy cwieZbi dj
evsjv`k h cwieZbjv
NUQ mjv njvt
12 I nveyK

Rjevqy cwieZbRwbZ DcivjwLZ NUbvjvi ga wKQz NUbv ^gqv` I wKQz NUbv `xNgqv`x evcK cfve mw Ki gvbyli Rxeb
I RxweKvK SzuwKc~Y I wecb Ki Zzje|
evsjv`k Rjevqy cwieZb Kkjc I KgcwiKbv, 2009 G wbv SzuwK I wecbZvi K_v DjL Kiv nqQt
evsjv`k AviI ewk MwZi evqycevn I RjvQvmmn cbcwbK I
gvivZK Mxgjxq N~wYSo evoe, hv DcK~jxq Aji evcK wZmvab
Kie|
Mv-ecy-gNbv AeevwnKvmn mviv`k AviI fvwi I AwbqwgZ ewcvZ
evoe| hvi dj b`xi cvwbcevni DPZv evoe hv ewoeuva f ev
DcP kni I Mvgvji wexY GjvKv cvweZ Kie; b`xfvObi NUbv
evoe, dj wecyj cwigvY Nievwo I KwlRwg b`xi Zj`k wejxb ne
Ges b`xi Zj`k cwj Aecb evoe hvi gvag cvwb wbvkb cwqv
e nq bZzb bZzb GjvKv Rjve nq hve|
wngvjqi wngevn Mj wMq MigKvj AwZwi cvwbcevni mw nq ebv
WK Avbe Ges cieZxZ wngevn mi ev wejy nevi ci DRvbi
cvwbcevn nvm cvevi KviY b`xjv gi hve Ges jeYvZv evoe I
AwaK GjvKv bvbvv nq coe|
Abvew I AwbqwgZ ewcvZ evoe hv weklZ `ki Di cwgvj
Liv evwoq `e|
mgy`ci DPZv evoe hvi dj DcK~jxq wbf~wg Zwjq hve, &DcK~jxq
b`x I f~Mf cvwbi i bvbvv nq hve, mycq cvwbi msKU mw ne,
cvYewP mg wekHwZn my`iebi askcwqv evoe Ges cvvii
ga RjeZv mw nq KwlLvZ wechq bg Avme|
Zvc`vn I Av`Zv evoe, dj evwa I Rxebyevnx cZi cKvc evcKfve evoe|

nveyK I 13

DjwLZ cwZwU cwieZbi dj Kwl (dmj, Mevw`c, grm) LvZ iZi wZi mvebv iqQ| KwlLvZ `ki 60 kZvskiI
ewk gvbyl Rxeb-RxweKvi Rb cZ I civfve Kwli Dci wbfikxj, Zv`i Rxeb I RxweKv gwKi gyL coe| AwaKnvi
ebv, DcK~jxq Aj jeYvZv ew I Livi mv_ Zvcgvv ew I ewcvZi cwiewZZ aib hy nq dmji Pvlvev` I djb Kwgq
`e| AvBwcwmwmi Avkv Abyhvqx, 2050 mvj bvMv` evsjv`k avbi Drcv`b 8 kZvsk I Mgi Drcv`b 32 kZvsk nvm cve
(1990 mvjK wfw eQi ai)|

mvBKvb, N~wYSo, f~wgK, RjvQvmi gZv Avc`jv ZwiZ MwZZ ev nVvr Avm, GB Avc`jvK Avmvi AvM Rvbv I evSvi
Rb Zgb Kvb mgq cvIqv hvq bv, ZvB GB aiYi Avc`jvK `ZMwZi NUbv ev Rapid Onset ejv nq|

`yhvM SuywK nvm

Kwl QvovI Abvb LvZ wbewYZ cwZwqvjv mw net

wbivc` cvbxq Rji msKU ew cve| weklZt `ki DcK~jxq Aj I LivceY Di-cwgvj evsjv`ki bvix I
wkiv mvavibZ cvwb msMni `vwqZ cvjb Ki _vK| Zv`i Dci cvwb msKUi gvivZK cfve coe| ewk cwigvY
bvbvcvwb cvbi dj ^vSuywKI evoe, G MfeZx bvix`i ^vSuywK AviI ewk cej nq DVe|
AwaK nvi b`xfvOb I DcK~jxq GjvKvi jeYvZv ewi dj j j gvbyl evPzZ nq coe| Gme gvbyl Awfevmb
eva nq knig~Lx ne Ges knivji ewZ Avkq MnY Kie| hw` mgy`c eZgvb Abygvbi PqI ewk xZ nq
Ges Aciw`K DcK~jxq cvvijv AviI kwkvjx Kiv bv nq A_ev bZzbfve wbgvY Kiv bv nq, Zvnj 2050 mvj
bvMv` 60-80 j gvbyl evPyZ ne Ges miKviK G`i `vwqZ MnY KiZ ne|
G cwieZbjvi dj `wi``i Lv` wbivcv, RxweKv I ^v gwKi gyL coe| Pi I mgy`Zxi emevmKvix RbMvx
(hgb Rj cwievi) evsjv`ki `wi`Zg`i ga AbZg| Zviv I b`xMf Rwg nvivbv RbMvx gvivZKfve wZM
ne| bvix cavb cwievimn mviv`ki Pig `wi` cwievijv Rjevqy cwieZbi KviY Pig `yfvMi ga coe|
Rjevqy cwieZbi dj cvwbevwnZ I evqyevwnZ ivMi cKvc evovi Avkv iqQ| AwaK Zvc I fRv AvenvIqv Ges
AcZzj cvwb wbvkb I mvwbUkb eevq evKUwiqv, ciRxex I Rxevbyevnx cZ `Z eskwevi KiZ cvi| Gi dj
Pig `wi` I mevP wec`vcb RbMvxi ^vi AviI ewk AebwZ NUe Ges Pig AmyZvi cKvc ew cve|

1.3.1 axiMwZi `yhvM SuywK I wec`vcbZv

Rjevqy weklMY ejQb, Rjevqy cwieZbi dj fzci Zvcgvv
axiMwZi `yhvM SzuwK I wecbZvmg~n
ew cve, mgy`ci DPZv ew cve, ceZki eid Mj hve,
fci Zvcgvv ew, mgy`ci DPZv ew, ceZki
vbxq ewcvZ cwieZb Avme, DcK~jxq Aj jeYvZv ew
wngevni eid Mj hvIqv, ewcvZi cwieZb, Liv,
cve, RxeewPi wZ ne I cwiek cwZek `yej ne,
giKiY ceYZv
ebv-Livi ceYZv ew cve| GB aiYi Avc`jv axi axi Avm,
hv Rvbv I evSvi Rb mgq cvIqv hvq, A_vr NUbvwU `xNmgq ai
axi axi NU, nVvr Ki NU bv, ZvB GB aiYi NUbvjvK axiMwZi NUbv ev Slow Onset ejv nq|

Rjevqy cwieZb ewnfZ `yhvM

(fwgK)

cvKwZK `yhvM hgb mvBKvb-N~wYSo-RjvQvmi msLv, gvv

`ZMwZi `yhvM SzuwK I wecbZvmg~n
I ZxeZv ew cve| cvKv-gvKo RwbZ AmyL-wemyL, WvBwiqv I
mybvgx, mvBKvb, ebv, f~wgK, AvMqwMwii AMyrcvZ,
GBPAvBwfi SuywK ew cve| wbivc` cvwbi mieivn Kg
UbWv, N~wYSo, RjvQvm
Avme, Abw`K knivj cvwbi Pvwn`v ew cve| Rxebnvwb,
A_bwZK I cvwZvwbK wZ mvwaZ ne| Kgmsvb wewNZ ne,
evPywZ I AfixY vbvi ew cve| Kwl, cvwb, hvMvhvM, ^v, AeKvVvgv, A_bxwZ I `yhvM eevcbv LvZ wZM ne|

14 I nveyK

`yhvM ewnf~Z Rjevqy cwieZbRwbZ

cfve (Zvcgvv, ewcvZi ZviZg,
mgy`ci DPZv ew, wngevni
eid Mj hvIqv)

Rjevqy AwfhvRb

1.4

`yhvMi mv_ Rjevqy cwieZbi mK I cv_Km~n

Rjevqy cwieZb ewnf~Z `yhvM, Rjevqy cwieZbRwbZ `yhvM Ges `yhvM ewnf~Z Rjevqy cwieZbRwbZ cfve mK DcwiwjwLZ wP
aviYv c`vb Kiv nqQ| Rjevqy cwieZb ewnf~Z `yhvM, hgb f~wgK njv mjv hv cw_exi f~ci MVbi cwieZbi KviY
msNwUZ nq _vK| Rjevqy cwieZbRwbZ `yhvMi KviY wnmve Avgiv BZvga gbyl KgKv _K MxYnvDR Mvmi wbMgYi
KviYK wPwZ KiwQ| Rjevqy cwieZbi dj GKw`K ebv, Liv, N~wYSo, RjvQvmi gZv `yhvMjv mw nq, Abw`K `yhvM
bq wK `yhvMi KviY wnmve f~ci Zvcgvv ew, ewcvZi ZviZg, mgy`ci DPZv ew I wngevni eid Mj hvIqvK wPwZ
Kiv nqQ| Rjevqy AwfhvRb I `yhvM SzuwK eevcbv Gi ga GB mv`k I emv`kjv weePbvq iL KgcwiKbv cYqb I
evevqb Kiv cqvRb|

AwfhvRb I `yhvM SuywK eevcbv Kvhg mg~ni ga mK I cv_K t

AwfhvRbi 5wU

`yhvM SzuwK eevcbv Kkj

AwfhvRb Kkj

`xNgqv`x wqv ev
Kgm~wP

Rjevqy cwieZbi KviY jvK

cfvweZKiY (MxYnvDR Mvm
wbMgY, meyR kwi eenvi
DrmvwnZKiY)

`yhvM SuywK eevcbvq G

aiYi Kvb Kgm~wP _vK bv|

AvRvwZK chvq mgSvZv

Zix (UNFCCC, IPCC,
HFA)
AvwjK I RvZxq chvq
AvWfvKmx
wbgvvq Kveb wbMgY
meyR kwi (Green
Energy) eenvi
DrmvwnZKiY

Rjevqy cwieZb
AwbqZv
AvjvPbv

AwbqZv I cwiewZZ cwiwwZK

gvKvejv Kiv (bZzb SzuwK,
AvenvIqv, Rjevqy I fwelZ mve
wec`vcbZv weklY)

`yhvM SuywK eevcbvq G

aiYi Kvb Kgm~wP _vK bv|

cwiwwZ I Z_-Dcv
hvPvB-evQvB I weklY
wevbi mv_ cPwjZ
vbi mg^q KiY
wcwfwmG
AwbqZvK gvKvejv
Kivi Rb `xNgqv`x
cwiKbv MnY

AvBwcwmwmi PZz_ g~jvqb cwZe`b Abygvb Kiv nqQ h, gmygx ewcvZi cwigvY evoe hv fviZ, bcvj, fzUvb I Pxb _K
evsjv`ki ga w`q cevwnZ b`xjvi cvwb cevni DPZv evwoq `e| wngvjqi wngevnjvi eid Mj hvevi KviY cvwb
cevni GB DPZv `xNgqv` AviI evoe| AvBwcwmwm AviI mZK Ki w`qQ h, ewkK Dvqbi KviY mgy`ci DPZv 0.18
_K 0.79 wgUvi ch evoZ cvi| Gi dj DcKzjxq eo hZ cvi, f~Mf cvwbi i I `wYvj weZ b`xjv jeYv
nZ cvi| ewcvZi cwigvY evoe Ges ew AwbqwgZ nq hve ej Abygvb Kiv nqQ| Gi dj `ki AwaKZi GjvKv
Di-cwgvj cbcwbK I Zxe Livi mvebv iqQ|

1.3.2 `ZMwZi `yhvM SzuwK I wec`vcbZv

Rjevqy cwieZb RwbZ `yhvM

(ebv, Liv, NywYSo, RjvQvm)

nveyK I 15

AwfhvRbi 5wU

`yhvM SzuwK eevcbv Kkj

AwfhvRb Kkj

UKmB Rxebhvv
welqK AvjvPbv

Rxebhvvi 5wU c~uwR ev

m`wfwK DbqY /
KgcwiKbv

`yhvM SuywK nvm t gvbe,

mvgvwRK, fZ, Avw_K I
cvKwZK c~uwR wfwK mgZv
ARb

5wU mgZv Dbqb

wfwK AwfhvRb cwiKbv
MnY

ZvrwbK wqv ev
Kgm~wP

cwieZb AskMnY
(AeKvVvgv Dbqb
c~ecwiKbv, Rjevqy mwnz
km Drcv`b cwiKbv cYqb,
mvgvwRK ebvqb, RvZxq I
vbxq chvq ckgb Kgm~wP
evevqb)

`yhvM SuywK eevcbvi

Rb _vK mgw^Z cwZ
Kkj
RvZxq chvq gYvjq I
wefvMmg~n
vbxq KwgwU
AvMvg mZKZv c`vb
eev

Avc`, Rjevqy cwieZbi

wbqvgKmg~ni ew Ges
fwelZ msNwUZ nZ cvi
Ggb mve `yhvMjv
mK IqvwKenvj Kiv
RbMvxK `yhvM SuywK
eevcbv Kkji
AvjvK cZ Kiv

Rjevqy SuywKi mv_ Lvc

LvBq bqv (Avc` I
`yhvMi mgq Rxebhvvi
SuywK mK wkvMnY)

ckgbwfwK `yhvM SuywK

eevcbv Kkj
RvZxq chvq gYvjq I
wefvMmg~n
vbxq chvq vqx Av`k
I KwgwUmg~n

NvZmwnz Rxebhvv wbwZ

Kivi j ebv, mvBKvb,
Liv, jeYvZv BZvw`
cwiwwZi Rb AwfhvRb
Kgm~wP evevqb
Mv dgIqvK Ae
AvKkb AbymiY
`yhvM SuywK eevcbvi
AvjvK SzuwK ckgbi Rb
RbMvxK mwqKiY

AwfZvwfwK
KgKv

m` MVb /c~uwR Zix

(gvbem`, AeKvVvgv
Dbqb, cvKwZK m`
eevcbv, Avw_K m`)

RbMvxwfwK ckgb
Kvhg
vbxq I RvZxq miKvii
Kvhgi mv_ mK
vcb
cwkY I AbycvwYZKiY

RbMvxwfwK ckgb
Kvhg
vbxq I RvZxq miKvii
Kvhgi mv_ mK
vcb
cwkY I AbycvwYZKiY
cvKwZK m` eevcbvi
Rb bxwZ cwiKbv I
AvWfvKmx
bvixi A_bwZK gZvqb

1.5

KwlZ Rjevqy cwieZbi cfve

KwlLvZ `ki 60 kZvskiI ewk gvbyl Rxeb-RxweKvi Rb cZ I civfve Kwli Dci wbfikxj, Rjevqy cwieZb hgb
f~ci Zvcgvv ew, ceZ ki wngevni eid Mj hvIqv, mgy`ci DPZv ew cvIqvi KviY Zv`i Rxeb I RxweKv gwKi
gyL coe| Kwl (dmj, Mevw`c, grm) LvZ iZi wZi mvebv iqQ| AwaKnvi ebv, DcK~jxq Aj jeYvZv ew I
Livi mv_ Zvcgvv ew I ewcvZi cwiewZZ aib hy nq dmji Pvlvev` I djb Kwgq `e| AvBwcwmwmi Avkv Abyhvqx,
2050 mvj bvMv` evsjv`k avbi Drcv`b 8 kZvsk I Mgi Drcv`b 32 kZvsk nvm cve (1990 mvjK wfw eQi ai)|
MelYvi cv Z_ _K Rvbv hvq, hme eQi evsjv`ki Kwl Drcv`b evnZ nqQ, mB eQijvq Kvb bv Kvb Rjevqy ZvwoZ
`yhvM Avgv`i Drcv`b b KiQ (ebmb I K, 2002)| Avgiv Aviv `wL, RvZxq Avqi cewi nvi H eQijvZB c~evci
eQijvi Zzjbvq ek LvwbKUv Kg nqQ| GB eveZv _K wkv wbq fwelZi Lv` wbivcv Rjevqy cwieZbi welq
mse`bkxj nZ ne|
evqygj Kveb-WvB-AvBW Mvmi NbZ eo Mj hv wKbv Rjevqy cwieZbi cavb AbyNUK MvQcvjv I kmi Rb
mvavibfve mwU mnvqKB nevi K_v| wK Rjevqy cwiewZZ nj weki Mo Zvcgvv GKB mv_ evoe| wevbwfwK MelYv ejQ,
Mo Zvcgvv eZgvbi Zzjbvq 2 mjwmqvm ev ZviI ekx evoj km`vbvi Drcv`b wecyjfve evnZ ne (Kwig I Abiv,
1998)|
Mo Zvcgvv evoj Zv gvwUi Re Kvebi q ceYZv evove (Kwig I Abiv, 1998)| Kwl wevbx`i msvbyhvqx G aibi msKU
`ki ekxifvM KwlRwgB gwKi gyL coQ| Rjevqy cwieZb GB SuzwKK Drcv`b SzuwKZ cwiYZ Kie| G`ki ewkifvM gvbyl
KwlKgi Dci wbfikxj| Rjevqy cwieZbRwbZ mgmvq Kwl evcKfve wZM ne| hnZz fwelZ RbmsLv eZgvbi Zzjbvq
eo hve, Kwl chy` nj Zv `vwi`i wewZ NUvZ cvi| AvksKv Kiv nqQ h, KwlZ bZzb Kgmsvbi e`j Rjevqy-ZvwoZ
eKviZI `Lv w`Z cvi|

1.5.1 DcK~jxq Aji KwlZ Rjevqy cwieZbi cfve

cvq 12 jvL DcK~jxq Rj cwievii Rxeb wecb nq coe Ges mviv`k gvQi mieivn nvm cve| ewoeuva f ev DcP I
Mvgvji wexY GjvKv cvweZ nq `ki cvq 17 kZvk DcK~jxq KwlRwg I Nievwo RjgM ne I `xNKvjxb RjveZv mw ne|
KwlRwgi jeYvZv ew cve Ges Kwl Drcv`b evnZ ne|
DcK~jxq Aj `ki GK PZz_vsk gvbyl evm Ki| DcK~jxq Aj cvweZ nj GB gvbyljv evPzZ ne Ges mviv`k Qwoq
coe| DcK~jxq wbfwg Zwjq hve, DcK~jxq b`x I f~Mf cvwbi i bvbvv nq hve, mycq cvwbi msKU mw ne, cvYewP
mg wekHwZn my`iebi askcwqv evoe Ges cvvii ga RjeZv mw nq KwlLvZ wechq bg Avme|
mgy`i DcwiZji xwZ NUj mePq ewk qwZ ne DcK~jxq KlK`i| DcK~jxq GjvKvi b`xjvq jeYvZv Avbyf~wgKfve
DRvbi w`K evoZ _vKe| jeYv GjvKv `ki wfZi e`~i ch weZ ne| jeYi cKvc cPwjZ Kwl Zxefve wZM
ne| `wY-cwgi e GjvKvq cPwjZ eviv avbi Avev` Kiv hve bv| DcK~jxq GjvKvi b`xZ jeY Abycek Kivq b`xi cvwb
w`q mP `qv hve bv, dj Kbv gmygi dmj Drcv`b jbxq chvq Kg hve (nvweeyjvn I Abiv, 1998; wmBwRAvBGm,
2006)|
gmywg evqycevn kwkvjx nIqvi dj hnZz eo ebvi cybcwbKZv I evwKvj (vwqZ) DfqB evoe, DPdjbkxj Avgb Pvli
Rb Zv mgmv mw Kie| avbi Z ebvi cvwbZ Wye _vKj bZzb KwP Pvivi Rb Zv mnbxq bq, dj Avgbi Drcv`b AbKUv
Kg ne| Gaibi ebv Nb Nb nj gnvwec` wekl Ki Lv` Drcv`bi wePvi|
`ki `wb-cwgvj RjveZvi cfve cwZeQi evoQ, bZzb bZzb GjvKv Rjve nq Kwli Rb AbycvhvMx nq coQ| wKQz
wKQz GjvKvq weMZ AvU eQiI KwlR Drcv`b me nqwb| Rjevqy cwieZb I mgy`Zji xwZ RjveZvi cKvc evwoq Zzj
Avv GjvKvq dmji mvebv b Kie (Avng` I Abiv, 2007)|

16 I nveyK

nveyK I 17

1.5.2 ei` Aji KwlZ Rjevqy cwieZbi cfve

ei` Aj A_vr evsjv`ki cwgvj GgwbZB LivceY| Rjevqy cwieZbRwbZ Livi KviY Kbv (iwe) gmygi Kwl KvR
Zxe bwZevPK AwfNvZ bg Avme| Mg I AvDk Drcv`b evcK nvi Kg hve| GQvov evsjv`ki eni ivRkvnx I Kzwqv
Aji evcK GjvKvq eviv avbi c^`b GZvUvB evoe h Liv cebZv gvSvix _K Zxe AvKvi avib Kie| mPi cqvRb
GZvUvB evoe h f~-Mf Rjvavii DcwiZj gkt wbggyLx ne Ges eZgvb cPwjZ ^ MfxiZvi mPi cvjv fwelZ
KvhKvwiZv nvwiq dje| f~-Mf cvwb cvwi mvc z` I cvwK Pvlxi c jvfRbK Dcvq Liv gvKvejv Ki eviv Avev`
me ne bv| Gi bwZevPK cfve aygv cvwK Pvlx`i DciB bq, mvgwMK Lv` wbivcvi DciI coZ eva|

1.5.3 Pi Aji KwlZ Rjevqy cwieZbi cfve

`ki cavb cavb b`x I gvnbv wNi KqK k Pi Avevmb I Kwli Rb AZ mvebvgq GjvKv| b`xfvOb I Abvb `yhvM wbt^
nq hvIqv gvbyli Rb GKwU Avkqj GB Pijv| cvq 7 jvL gvbyl GB Pijvq emevm I RxweKv wbevn Ki|
wngvjqi wngevn Mj hvIqv I mgy`ci DPZv ew cvIhvi dj AwaKvsk PiB fvObi gyL coQ Ges axi axi Pijv b`xe
wejxb nq hvQ| elvKvj cvwbi DPZv ew cvIqvi dj AwaKvsk Pi Rvqvi Zwjq hvq I Pii Kwl wZM nq, nuvm-gyiwM Mevw`
c gviv hvq| Abw`K DRvbi Zxe vZi m Re Dcv`vb bv Avmvq Pii KwlRwg gkt DeiZv nvivq Ges evjygq gixc
cwiYZ nq|
GQvovI MelYvq `Lv MQ, elv gmygi ewcvZ evoj b`xZ cvwb cevn evoe Ges mB mv_ evoe gvSvwi _K eo ebvi
cbtcywbKZv| AvksKv Kiv nQ h, Rjevqy cwieZbi dj NbNb eo cveb NUZ `Lv hve| Aviv AvksKv Kiv nQ h, hKvbv
`ywU eo ebvi gaeZx mgqKvj gk: KgZ _vKe| Abw`K, kxZKvjxb xYgvvi ew Aviv Kg hvIqv Ges Zvcgvv ewRwbZ
evxfeb eo hvIqvq Liv ceYZv evoe| Rjevqy cwieZbRwbZ Livi KviY Kbv (iwe) gmygi Kwl KvR Zxe bwZevPK
AwfNvZ bg Avme|

1.5.4 nvIo Aji KwlZ Rjevqy cwieZbi cfve

nvIo Avgv`i `ki ^Z I Abb cwZek Aj| mybvgM, bKvbv, wKkviM _K i Ki evYevwoqv ch weZ G
Aji AwaevmxMY HwZnMZfveB ebvi mv_ Lvc LvBq wbqQb| wK Rjevqy cwieZbi weic cfve Gwcj-g gvm Zxe
AvMvg eb `Lv `qvi KviY cwZeQiB evivmn MxKvjxb dmj b nQ, Nievwo I emZwfUv b nQ| ay eviv bq, nvIoi
ebvq Avgb dmj cyivcywi web nq, Mevw`c I nuvm-gyiwM gviv hvq|
AvksKv Kiv nQ h, Rjevqy cwieZbi dj nvIo Aji cwZekI Zxe bwZevPK cfve coe| nvIoi cwZek FZzf`
cvwbi cvcZvi Dci wbfikxj| Rjevqy cwieZbi dj kwkvjx gmzwg evqzi cZ cfve cvwbi mieivn eo hve| wK
vKelv ewvZ nIqvi mgqKvj wKQzUv GwMq Gj eviv Drcv`b mg~n wZi gzLvgzwL ne|
nvIoi cvKwZK cwZek GgbB wQj h, Gwcji klva AvMvg ewi Xj Gm cyiv nvIo fvwmq w`Z| Gi dj eviv dmj Zwjq
hZ, cvKv avb Zzj Avbvi mvn `yqK AvM| wK cvKwZK cwiek GLb e`j MQ; GwU e`j djZ mvnvh KiQ
nvIo-msjM- b`xi Zxi vwcZ evgb-euva| Gaibi LevKwZ euva avb cyivcywi cK hvevi Ges KU bevi mgqKvj ch nvIo
cvwb XyKZ evav `q, A_P elvq cvwb PjvPj evcK Amyweav mw Kibv| GZ avb Pvli evowZ myweav mn Rjvf~wgi Abvb
myweavw`i cvwhvM wbwZ Kiv me nq|
MZ `yB `kK evgb-evua I cK hvevi Rb Zzjbvg~jK Kg mgq jvM Ggb eviv RvZi De I cmvii dj nvIo GjvKvi
Pvlxiv wKQyUv ^vQ`i gyL `LwQjb| GQvov `ki Lv` wbivcvi weePbvq nvIo Drcvw`Z eviv avb iZc~b fywgKv iL
AvmwQj| mvweK weePbvq eZgvb `ki mvgvwRK I A_bwZK nvIo cwZeki mvgwMK Ae`vb Amxg| Rjevqy cwieZb
ZxeZi nj ewcvZi cPwjZ aviv e`j hve| gWj-DyZ G djvdj Aviv Rvbvb w`Q h, elvq ekx cwigvb cvwb `ki Dci
w`q eq hve| hw` evowZ ewevwnZ cevn Gwcji kl mvn nZ g gvmi c_g mvni ga NU, Zvnj cvKv eviv avb Zvjvi
AMB Wye hvIqvi mvebv _vKe| GZ Lv` Drcv`b Kg hve, Avg`vbxi Dci wbfikxjZv evoe Ges `wi`iv A-wei Lv` mU
coeb|
18 I nveyK

1.5.5 wej Aji KwlZ Rjevqy cwieZbi cfve

gvMZfve wej fivU Kivi KviY Pjbwejmn Abvb weji Dci wbfikxj gvbyli Rxeb I RxweKv gvMZ wZM nQ| wekl
Ki Liv Ges weji mv_ mshvM b`x-bvjvjvi cvwb cevn nvm cvIqv wKsev wKq hvIqvi KviY wejjvZ cvwb mieivn nvm
cqQ, dj wejjv gvbyli `Lj Pj hvQ Ges wejjv fivU nq hvQ| dj weji Ici wbfikxj gvbyli wekl Ki
grmRxex`i Rxeb I RxweKv gwKi gyL coQ| Abw`K weji gvQi h ewP, mUvI asmcv nQ|

1.6

Rjevqy AwfhvRb I ckgbi mg~n

AwfhvRb nQ `Z cv hvIqv cwiek I cwiwwZi mv_ mwVKfve Lvc LvBq bqv| A_vr Rjevqy cwieZbi KviY cwiek I
cwiwwZi h `Z cwieZb NUQ Zvi mv_ RbMY I cwZek eevi KvhKifve Lvc LvBq bqv| Ze Wt Avnmvb Dwb Gi gZ,
BDGbGdwmwmwmi KvVvgvq Dbqb, wekl Ki UKmB Dbqbi welqwU DjL Kiv nqQ| mKviY AwfhvRb ejZ ay wZ
gb wbq Zvi mv_ ay gvwbq bqv bq, Dbqbkxj `ki Rb weeP ne, SuywK gvKvejv KiI Divi mgwi mvebvK KvR
jvMvbv| G KviY Dbqbkxj `ki bxwZ Kkj Rjevqy cwieZbRwbZ wZi gvKvejv Dbqb avivevwnKZvq AwfhvRb
KkjK Afz Kiv cqvRb|

1.6.1 Rjevqy AwfhvRbi msv

Rjevqy cwieZbkxjZv I cwieZb nZz (ev AbywgZ) qwZ wKsev Su~wK I wecbZv jvNei cwqv, qwZ gvKvejvi Rb mgZv
mwi cwqv Ges DzZ cwiwwZi myhvM wbq MwnZ KvhvejxK AwfhvRb ejv nq| A_vr Rjevqy cwieZbkxjZv I cwieZbi
cwZ mgqi mv_ mv_ gvbyli Ges cvKwZK m`i mse`bkxjZv cwieZb Kivi j AwfhvRb GKwU cwqv gv, hv
KLbvB GKwU djvdjK wPwZ Ki bv|
AwfhvRb cwqvq GKwU wecb RbMvx wei cwiwwZZ myweavRbKfve KvR jvwMq Divi SuywK nvm Ki Ges qwZ
KvwUq IVvi mgZv gvMZfve evwoq I myhvM mwi gvag UKmB Dbqbi c_ myMg Ki| AwfhvRb cwqv aygv wUK _vKv
wKsev gvwbq wbq Avc` c~eeZx Aevq wdi Avmvi Dk MwnZ ev mvw`Z nq bv, eis Avc`-c~eeZx Aevi Pq Divi
DbZZi Aevb cuxQvbvi Dk AwfhvRb cwqv nvZ bqv hvq|
AwfhvRb cwqv ZvB wcQbg~Lx bq, eis Zv me`v fwelZi Dbqbi BwZ enb Ki|

Vulnerability ( E * S * R-1 )
E = Hazard exposure
S = Sensitivity of the system
R = Resilience of the system

Avcb`i cfvevaxb / mveZv

mse`bkxjZv
AwfhvRb-mgZv

1.6.2 Rjevqy AwfhvRbi cKvif`

KvVvgvMZ AwfhvRb (Structural Adaptation) t GB cwqvq eZgvb chywjvi wKQzUv Dbqb I mmviYi gvag
AwfhvwRZ nIqv eySvq| hgb, ebvi Rb evwo DuPz Kiv, gReyZ KvVvgv w`q evwo Zix Kiv BZvw`|
A-KvVvgvMZ AwfhvRb (Non-Structural Adaptation) t AbK Rxeb PPv I eenvi cwieZbi gvagB Lvc LvIqvbv
ev AwfhvwRZ nIqv me| G aiYi AwfhvRbK A-KvVvgvMZ AwfhvRb ejv nq| hgb, SuywKc~Y vb _K Ab Pj wMq ev
ckv cwieZbi gvag AwfhvwRZ nIqv hvq|
wbewg~jK AwfhvRb (Anticipatory Adatation) t Rjevqy cwieZbi cwZK~j cfve cwijwZ nIqvi AvMB AwfhvRb eev
MnY Kiv nj ZvK wbewg~jK AwfhvRb ejv nq| hgb, ebvi AvMB Kbv Lv` msMn I msibi eev Kiv|
cwZwqvg~jK AwfhvRb (Reactive Adaptation) t Rjevqy cwieZbi wZKi cfvemg~n cwijwZ nIqvi ci h AwfhvRb
nveyK I 19

cwqv MnY Kiv nq, ZvK cwZwqv g~jK AwfhvRb ejv nq| hgb, jvbv GjvKvq jevYvZv mnvqK avbi cRvwZ Dveb, Dbqb
I Avev` Kiv|

1.6.3 Rjevqy AwfhvRbi mg~n

K) cRbi ci cRb ai evsjv`ki RbMY ebv, Liv I N~wYSoi m AwfhvRb Ki AvmQ| cveb-SuywKc~Y GjvKvi RbmvaviY
DuPz wfUvi Dci emwZ vcb Ki Ges Ggbfve Pvlvev` Ki hvZ ebvi cvwbi myweav eenvi Kiv hvq| `ki mKj Aji KlKiv
wbw` cwigvY vbxq I Ddkx RvZi avbPvli gvag ebv I ewcvZ m AwfhvRb Ki _vK| mve MvgxY moK, cvq
Pjv c_ I mi ivv Ges we`vjqi gZv Abvb AeKvVvgvjv ebv i _K DuPz Kiv nq|
L) AmsL cvKwZK `yhvM, RbmsLvi AwaK NbZ, `yej AeKvVvgv I A_bwZK mU mwwjZfve evsjv`kK Rjevqy-wec`vcb
Ki ZzjQ| AwaK `vwi`i nvi Ges Kwl I cvKwZK m`i Dci `wi` RbmvaviYi AZvwaK wbfikxjZv Rjevqy cwieZbi w`K
w`q Zv`i wec`vcbZv evwoq w`qQ|
M) MvgxY `wi``i Rjevqy-mwnz I AwfhvRb mg Ki Zvjvi Rb mnvqZvg~jK Kgm~wP AvMvgx KqK `kK hwKfveB
AMvwaKvi cve| `Z bMivqb I A_bwZK cewi KviY evsjv`ki SzuwKjvi aiY e`jve| bZzb knivjjv AekB Rjevqy
mwnz KiZ ne| GUv njv bZzb aiYi bMivqbi cwiKbv hv Rjevqy cwieZbi mve SzuwKjv gvKvejv KiZ cvie|
KkjMZ GcvP
Lv` I Avq
wbivcvi Afve
Avq wbivcv

AwfhvRbi Rb Kgm~wP
Kwli gvag Lv` I Avq mwi
Kgm~wP
weK Kgmsvbi gvag Avq
wbivcv wbwZKiY

Avq wbivcvi Afve Rbm` cekvwaKvii

gvag Avq ew

Kgm~wPi D`vniY
fvmgvb mewR Drcv`b cwZ, jeYvZv mnbxq avb-ewnf~Z km
Drcv`b, Livmwnz km Drcv`b, evwfUvq mewRevMvb mw
KzwUi wk, Szwo Zix, jeYvZv mwnz e ivcY, euvawfwK km
Drcv`b, egvwK gvQ Pvl, nuvm-gyiwM I ccvjb, ggvwQ Pvl I
ga~ Drcv`b
miKvwi Rwg, Rj I Rj mvaviY RbMYi cekvwaKvi wbwZ
KiZ vbxq miKvii (BDwbqb cwil`) mv_ h_fve Kgm~wP
evevqb, hvZ mvavib gvbyl Lvj-wej-b`x-bvjv _K gvQ aiZ
cvi, fvmgvb mewR evMvb KiZ cvi|

Lv` wbivcvi
Afve

Lv` Drcv`b I Lv` gRy`i

gvag Lv` mieivn ewKiY

ebvi Kej _K gy ivLvi Ges b hvZ bv nq Ggb Lv`gRy`

fvvi Mo Zvjv, DbZgvbi enbhvM P~jv Zix

^v wbivcvi
Afve

ew I ^v wbivcv Dbqb

ebv I RjveZvgy cvqLvbv Zix I eenvi, mvBKvb AvkqK`

mg~n RvwZMZ wbeMi msLvjNy (gvnvZv) gvbylRbi AvkqMnY
wbwZKiY

cvbxq Rji Afve

jeYvZv gy I wbivc` cvbxq

Rj cvcZv wbwZKiY

cvbxq Rji wbivc` eenvi wbwZKiY, Mfxi bjKzc mg~ni

msvi, evwj-cvwb wdvii gvag cyKzii cvwb eenvi, ewi cvwb
msib I QvU QvU cyKzi-Lvwo msvi I msib

evmvbi Afve

evwoNii wbivcv Zix

Soi Kej _K evwo-Nii myiv wbwZ KiZ Avw` vbi mvb

I eenvi, Nievwo Zixi KvR wbqvwRZ gvbyli `Zv Dbqb
cwkY, evavgy evZvm cevni eev MnY

wec`vcbZvi SuywK
_K gyw

RbMvx wfwK wec`vcbZvi

gwK gvKvejv Kgm~wP MnY

cvwb cevn mywbwZ ivLvi j LivZv b`x eevcbv I QvU QvU

b`x-Lvj-Lvwo msvi

20 I nveyK

1.6.4 Rjevqy ckgbi msv

Rjevqy cwieZbi AbZg KviY MxYnvDR Mvmi wbMgb, hv f~ci Zvcgvv evwoq w`q wewfbiKg `yhvM mw Ki| Rjevqy ckgb
ZvB Rjevqy cwieZbi KviY MxYnvDR Mvmi wbMgbK wbqY Kivi cwZ wb`k Ki|
h cwZZ ev cwqvq Rjevqy cwieZbi KviY Z_v MxYnvDR Mvm wbMgY nvm Kiv nq, mB cwZ ev cwqvK Rjevqy ckgb
ejv nq|

1.6.5 Rjevqy ckgbi mg~n

K) MxYnvDR Mvm D`MxiY f~wgKv AwZ mvgvb njI eZgvb I fwelZ MxbnvDR Mvmi wbMgb KgvZ evsjv`k iZc~Y f~wgKv
cvjb AvMnx| Aciw`K, `ki Dbqb Awfhvv `ZZi nevi m m Rvjvbx Pvwn`v evovi KviY ckgb-Kvhg AekB `ki
Rvjvbx wbivcvi m mvgmc~Y nZ ne| G RbB evsjv`k miKvi Dbqb Rvjvbx eemvkq I bZzb Rvjvbx eenviK
DrmvwnZ KiQ| GKBm, bevqbhvM Rvjvbx, wekl Ki evwoZ mikw I evqvMvm eenvi iZvivc Kiv hZ cvi, hvZ
RvjvbxZ cekvwaKvi iv bv KiB h_vme wbMgb Kgvbv me nq|
L) cwiQb Dbqb cwZ (wmwWGg)i AvIZvq mikw I eR eevcbv msv Kvhg MnY Kiv hZ cvi| G Qvov Kveb wWU
Zixi Kkj I Kveb-evRvi mwi gvag Rjevqy ckgb Kvhg MnY Kiv hZ cvi|
M) mvgvwRK ebvqb Kgm~wP Rjevqy ckgb iZc~Y f~wgKv ivL| MvgxY RbMvx wekl Ki `vwi`mxgvi bxP emevmKvix gvbyli
Av_-mvgvwRK myweav wbwZ Kivi j mvavib gvbylK m Ki cwiPvwjZ ebvqb KvhgK mvgvwRK ebvqb ej| mvgvwRK
ebvqb Rjevqy ckgbmn GKB mv_ `wi` gvbyli Kgmsvb mw Ki, GKB mv_ `vwi`Zv gywZ mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb Ki|

1.7 Rjevqy AwfhvRb, wj I ewP

1.7.1 Rjevqy AwfhvRb I wj ev Rvi
m`i Dci wbfikxj Avgv`i mgvR bvix I cyili wfb wfb `vq-`vwqZ _vK, mKviYB Rjevqy cwieZb RwbZ Avc` I `yhvMi
mv_ gvwbq bqvi mvg_i gaI bvix I cyili wfbZv _vK|
mKj Dbqb KgKv Rvi wKsev wj A_vr mgvR bvix I cyili mvgvwRK `vq`vwqZK weePbvq bqv iZc~Y welq| bvixi Dci
wekl iZ c`vbK DbqY KgKv wj weklY ej bv, eis wKfve bvixiv elgi wkKvi nq Ges wKfve mvgvwRK `vq`vwqZ
bvix I cyili ghv`v, AwaKvi Z_v Rxebgvbi Dbqb NU, mB welqjv mK mgK aviYv jvf Kiv| GB cwicwZZ Rjevqy
cwieZb wj weklY Rjevqy cwieZb mwKZ Avc`jvZ bvix I cyiliv wfb wfbfve Avv nq Ges GB weePbvq AwfhvRb
I ckgb Kkj wbaviY Kivi Dci iZvivc Kiv nq|
hKvb cvKwZK wKsev gbylm wKsev Rjevqy cwieZbRwbZ `yhvM bvix`i wec`vcbZvK evSvi Rb Avgiv bxPi Km vwWjv
`LZ cvwit
DcK~jxq Avc`Kvjxb AvkqK`t mvBKvb wKsev RjvQvmi c~e DcK~jxq gvbylRbK wbivcv c`vbi Dk DcK~jxq Aj
Avc`Kvjxb AvkqK` Mo Zvjv nqQ| h Kvb mvBKvb ev RjvQvmi c~e mZKZv msKZ c`vb Kiv nq Ges DcK~jxq bvixiv
mn mKj gvbyl GB mZKZv cj Avc`Kvjxb AvkqK` jvZ Gm Avkq MnY Ki| wK DcK~jxq bvix`i AevK weePbvq
wbq mvBKvb kvijv Zix Kiv nqwb| mKviY Avc` _K iv cvIqvi Rb kvijvZ AvkqMnY Ki bvixiv mLvb
AbiKg wKQz Avc`i gyLvgywL nq| hgb, Avc`Kvjxb AvkqK` jvZ AmsL gvbyl Mv`vMvw` Ki _vKvi KviY bvixiv weklZt
MfeZx bvixiv bZzb Avc`i gyLvgywL nq| AbK mgq MfeZx bvix`i MfcvZ NU| Abw`K AvkqK`jvZ bvix`i Avjv`v
mvwbUkb Gi eevI AcZzj _vKvi KviY bvixiv mLvb A^wKi cwiwwZi gyLvgywL nq| Abw`K AvkqK`jvi Aevb
wbaviYI bvix`i hvZvqvZi wbivcvi K_v weePbv Kiv nq bv| mKviY mvBKvb wKsev RjvQvmi wechq AvkqK` hvIqvi
c_ bvix`i hb nqivwb I alYi wkKvi nZ nq ej Rvbv MQ|
RjveZvt RjveZv bvix`i Acyw I ghv`vnvwbKi cwiwwZi w`K Vj `q| GKwU GjvKv Rjve nj mLvb eQii cvq KqK
gvm bvix`i A^vKi cwieki ga evm KiZ nq| `xNmgq A^vKi Rjve cwiek evm Kivi KviY bvixiv mvaviYZt
PgivM Ges MvBbvjwRKvj mgmvq cob| RjveZvi KviY vbxq Drcv`b eev ask nq hvq Ges GjvKvi cyiliv KvRi
nveyK I 21

mvb bvix`i Dci cwievii weklZ mvb`i jvjb cvjbi `vwqZ Acb Ki Ab Pj hvq| Gmgq bvix`i AbK `yi _K
cvbxq Rj msMn I Rvjvbx msMn KiZ nq| AbK mgq `vwi`Zv I cwievii fiY-cvlb I `bw`b Rxebhvcbi A_ msMni Rb
bvixiv AmvgvwRK KvhKjvc wj nZ eva nb|
jeYvZv I mycq cvwb msMnt Rjevqy cwieZbi KviY `ki `wb-cwgvji gvwU jeYv nq co| jeYv GB AjjvZ
emevmKvwi gvbylRbK AbK `yi _K mycq cvwb msMn KiZ nq| mycq cvwb msMni KvRwU mvaviYZ cwievii bvix I gqiv
Ki _vK| cwZw`b GB mycq cvwb msMn KiZ wMq gq`i covbvq evNvZ NU| Abw`K bvixiv wewfbiKg MvBbvjwRKvj
mgmvq cob| MfeZx bvix`i MfcvZ I AcwiYZ wk Rb`vbi NUbv NU|
b`xfvOb, PifvOb I DcK~jxq AjfvObt b`xfvOb, PifvOb, DcK~jxq AjfvObi NUbv evsjv`k cwZwbqZB NU| b`xfvOb
wKsev PifvOb wKsev DcK~jxq AjfvObi dj `wi` gvbyliv Nievwo nq| GB fvObjvi KviY GjvKvi cyiliv bvix`i Dci
cwievii fiY-cvlbi `vwqZ AcY Ki KvRi mvb Ab Pj hvq| dj bvixiv AbK ewk mvgvwRK I A_bwZK Avc`i
gyLvgywL nq|

1.7.2 Rjevqy cwieZb I ewPgqZv

vbxq AvenvIqv weklY Ki wevbxiv evsjv`ki Rb 6wU FZz (Mx, elv, kir, ng, kxZ I em) wbaviY KiQb| evsjv`ki
loFZzi ewPgq Aevi KviY MvgxY RxebhvvI wQj ewPgq| hgb em-Mx KlKiv AvDk avb ivcb Kib Ges elv Avmvi
AvMB AvDk avb KU djv nq| Avevi elvq Avgb avbi Pvl Kiv nq, hv ng KlKi Ni IV| Avevi kxZ wewfb cKvi mewR
Avev` Kiv nq| g~jZt FZzewPi KviY evsjv`ki Kwl mgkvjx|
wK Rjevqy cwieZbi KviY weki Zvcgvv ew cvQ, dj Avgv`i AvenvIqviI cwieZb NUQ, mBmv_ FZzewPiI
ZviZg NUQ| AbK mgqB `Lv hvq, elvKvj ew bB, kxZKvj Kvb eQi Zxe kxZ, Avevi KvbeQi kxZKvji gqv` nvm
cvQ| Avevi AbK mgq AKvj ewZ wexY GjvKv cvweZ nQ|
FZzewPi GB ZviZgi KviY Avgv`i `bw`b Rxebhvcb eeviI cwieZb NUQ| KlKi dmj Drcv`b nvm cvQ, weK
Kgmsvbi Rb gvbyl knig~Lx nQ, ewPgq Lv`i Afve gvbyl gvMZ Acywi w`K GwMq hvQ|
GQvov, FZzewP web nIhvi KviY Avw`evwm m`vq, hv`i Kgmsvb g~jZ Rj I Rji Dci wbfikxj Zv`i Kgmsvb evnZ
nQ Ges gvMZ Zv`i Rxebhvv gwK gyL co AwZ wejxb nevi Aev mw nqQ|

K mePq wecb?
AwfhvRb ev cwiwwZi mv_ Lvc LvBq bqvi cwiKbv cYqbi bvix`i GB wec`vcbZvjvK weePbvq wbZ nq|

1.7.3 vbxq chvq Rjevqy AwfhvRb Kgm~wP cwiexYi Kkj

vbxqfve bvMwiK mgvRi cZ AskMnYi gvag vbxq chvq Rjevqy Znweji Aaxb A_ev miKvii RvZxq cwiKbvi Aaxb
me aiYi Dbqb cKi Dci gwbUwis ev cwiexY Kgm~wP cwiPvjbv Kiv hZ cvi|

K mePq wecb?
hviv Rjevqy lKvZi cvKwZK m` Ges Kwl I grm cwZek Gi Dci AwaKZi wbfikxj.
50% wek Lv` Drcv`b bvixiv Ki
evsjv`k 60% Kwl kwgK njv bvix

miKvi I Dbqb mnhvwM`i A_vqb evevwqZ cKjv gwbUwis Kivi ivi KvVvgvMZ `yejZvi (weklZ Z_ c`vbi
) _vKvq Dbqb cKmg~ni Dci miKvwi cwiexbi djvdj Kvb mgqB RbmyL cKvk cvq bv, h KviY cK MnY I
evevqbi ci Zvi djvdj AwaKvsk Rb^v_i wecixZ Pj hvq| ZvB vbxqfve cK cwiexY Kiv cqvRb Ges
vbxqfve Rjevqy Znwej / Dbqb cK wPwZ Kivi ci Ges Gme cKi hme welq weePbvq Avbv cqvRbt
cK cYqb, evevqbi Kvb Kvb chvq RbMYi AskMnY cqvRb wQj Ges Zv Kiv nqQ wKbv?

hviv knii ew Ges ebvceY GjvKvjvZ evm Ki hLvb Rjevqy RwbZ `~hvMi AwaKZi
mvebv _vK|
mviv wek Drcvw`Z Lv` cYi gv 10% fvM Ki bvixiv
90% cvwievwiK Avq bvix KZK AwRZ nq
cyili Pq bvixiv cvq 4 b ekx cwigvb hb wbhvZbi SuywKi ga _vK
Rjevqy cwieZbRwbZ cvKwZK `~hvMi hv`i Rbkw, A_kw Ges cvwZvwbK w`K
mgZv Zgb bB|
hviv GjvKv _K vbvwiZ nqQ Zv`i 75% njv bvix
mvb Rb w`Z wMq cwZ jvL 1000 Rb bvix gviv hvq

cK evevqbi dj Kviv myweav cve Ges Kvb Kvb RbMvx wZM ne,Zv`i wZcyiY I cybevmb miKvi
Kvbv evewfwK Kkj MnY KiQ wKbv?
cK evevqbi dj cwieki Dci wK aiYi cfve coZ cvi?
ebf~wg, Rjvf~wg I KwlRwgi Kvb aiYi cwieZb nQ ev nZ cvi? Gi dj mvaviY `wi` gvbyli Rxebhvvq Kvbv
wZ nQ ev nZ cvi wK?
MwnZ cKi Avw_K LvZjv wK wK? cK evevqb chvq Kvb Kvb Avw_K `ybxwZ nZ cvi Ges Kviv GBme
`ybxwZi mv_ RwoZ nZ cvi?
cKi wewfb Kgm~wPi Avw_K eiv cqvRbi Zzjbvq ewk bv Kg? evRUi ga wK Kvbv AcPq `Lv hvQ?
cK evevqbi AMMwZ, djvdj I cfve mK Z_ c`vbi mywbw` Kvbv bxwZgvjv ev Kkj AvQ wK? ^QZv I
Revew`wnZvi Kvbv NvUwZ `Lv hvQ wK?

22 I nveyK

nveyK I 23

AeKvVvgvZ AwfMgZvt hKvb `yhvM AvswkK aKj, mUv KLbvB GKwU kwkvjx KwgDwbwUK GKevi aski
vicv `uvo Kivq bv| KwgDwbwUi `yhvM gvKvejvq cwZ, `yhvM SuywK nvmKiYi mgZv, `yhvMKvjxb (mvBKvb,
ebv, RjvQvm) AvkqK`i eev _vKv, cwieZbi mv_ Lvc LvBq euvPvi mgZv _vKvi welqjv KwgDwbwUi
AvswkK aKj KvwUq DVvi wbqvgK wnmve weewPZ nq|
RxweKvi myhvM I A_bwZK gZvqbt m`, mev, Drcv`b, evRvi eev, miKvwi I emiKvwi LvZ RbMvxi ev
KwgDwbwUi SuywKgy AwfMgZv Ges mev I m` AvniY Ges evRvi eevq AskMnbi mgZvjvK RbMvxi ev
KwgDwbwUi RxweKvi myhvM I A_bwZK gZvqbi wbqvgK wnmve weePbv Kiv nq|
KvhKi cvwZvwbK kvmbeevt vbxq RbMvxi Av_-mvgvwRK Dbqbi j ckvmwbK weK`xKiY Ges Rbckvmb
RbMvxi mnR AwfMgZvK KvhKi cvwZvwbK kvmb eevi wbqvgK wnmve weePbv Kiv nq| RbMvxi UKmB
Dbqbi Rb weKw`f~Z kvmb eev cqvRb, wKivRbwZK mw`Qv Qvov GiKg weKw`f~Z cvwZvwbK kvmbeev
ARb me bq|

wZxq Aavq
NvZmwnz KwgDwbwU MVb
2.1

NvZmwnzZv

NvZmwnzZvi gbtvwZK msvq ejv nqQ, aKj gvKvwejv Ges aKji cfve KvwUq wUK _vKvi mvg_K NvZmwnzZv ej|
Avevi fZ I cKkj we`vi msvq f~KbRwbZ NvZ mwnzZv hgb wZM nj Zvi cfve Ges cybtvcb mgq Kwgq Avbvi
eevK NvZ mwnzZv ejv nqQ| KcviU I eemvq NvZmwnzZv nQ, D`vvi SuywK eevcbv hv KkjMZ I eemv cwiKbvi
AMZ| NvZmwnzZvK msvwqZ KiZ wMq mvgvwRK cwZek we`v Avevi gvbyl, cKwZ I mgvRK Afz Ki|
NvZmwnzZvi mv_ AwfhvRbi mgZvi mK we`gvb| h gZvej ev h cwZZ gvbyl ev mgvR ev KwgDwbwU `yhvMi
q-wZ, djvdj I mve myweavjvK ARb Kivi gvag `yhvMi cfvejvK mg^q KiZ cvi, ZvK AwfhvRbi gZv
ejv nq| (Adaptive capacity is the ability of a system, society or community to adjust to climate by
modarating harm, managing consequences, and exploiting benefits)|

KwgDwbwUi NvZ mwnzZvi msvt

Kvbv KwgDwbwUi Avc`i SuywK Kwgq Avbvi mvgvwRK gZv, `yhvMKvjxb wZKviK djvdj wbqY Kivi gZv, mvgvwRK AwiZv
Kwgq Avbv I c~evevq wdi Avmvi KgKv cwiPvjbv Kivi gZv Ges ewnivMZ aKj gvwbq bqvi Rb `jMZ ev mvgvwRK mvg_
_vKj mB KwgDwbwUK NvZmwnz KwgDwbwU ejv nq| g~jZt NvZmwnz KwgDwbwU GKwU Dchy Ges wwZvcK mgvR eev hvi
AwbwZ cwiwwZK gvwbq bqvi mgZv _vK|

2.3

Rjevqy AwfhvRb I NvZmwnz RbMvx

Rjevqy cwieZbRwbZ `yhvM SzuwK gvKvejv Ges NvZmwnz RbMvx MVb KiZ nj `yhvM SuywK nvm Kvhgi cwiwPZ vb I
AwfZvK Rjevqy AwfhvRbi mv_ m Ki mgw^Z SzuwK eevcbv Kvhg MnY Kiv cqvRb| Rjevqy cwieZbi ^gqv`x
I `xNgqv`x cfve I cwZwqv iqQ, Abw`K `yhvMi SzuwK ^gqv`x| g~jZt NvZmwnzZv ejZ ^gqv`x `yhvMi SzuwK ev aKj
Kwgq Avbv, aKj wbqY Kivi gvag c~evevq wdi Avmvi KgKvjvK evSvq, A_vr NvZmwnzZv njv Lvc LvBq bqvi
Kkj (Coping Mechanism), hv `yhvMi SzuwKK ^gqv` gvKvwejv Kivi Kkj| NvZmwnzZvi welqjv hZvUv ew ev
cwievii chvR, wVK ZZvUv RbMvxi Rb chvR bq| Abw`K Rjevqy AwfhvRbI GKcKvi Lvc LvBq bqvi Kkj,
hv Rjevqy cwieZbRwbZ SzuwKi vqx I `xNgqv`x Kkj| GwU aygv ew ev cwievi ev KwgDwbwU ev RbMvxi mgvbfve
chvR|

hvi gvag Kvb RbMvx ev msMVb h Kvb `yhvM NUbv ev cwqvq DzZ A^vfvweK AhvwPZ cwZK~j
cwiwwZ gvKvejvq mdjZv jvfi Rb we`gvb m` I myhvMjvK mwVKfve KvR jvMvq, ZvK
Lvc LvBq bqvi Kkj ejv nq|

NvZmwnz KwgDwbwUi ewkt

Lvc LvBq bqvi Kkj wK?
Avc`i SuywK Kwgq Avbvi mvgvwRK gZv|
`yhvMKvjxb wZKviK djvdj wbqY Kivi gZv|
mvgwRK AwiZv Kwgq Avbv Ges c~evevq wdi Avmvi KgKv cwiPvjbvi
gZv|
ewnivMZ aKj gvwbq bqvi Rb `jMZ ev mvgvwRK mvg_|

2.2

NvZmwnzZvi wbqvgKmg~n

GKwU RbMvxi ga ev KwgDwbwUZ wbv wbqvgKi mvi NUj mB KwgDwbwU NvZmwnz KwgDwbwU wnmve Mo IV| NvZmwnz
KwgDwbwU wnmve Mo IVvi wbqvgKmg~nt
kwkvjx mvgvwRK cuywR t wbw cwZek wewfb Kvhvejx mv`b KiZ mg ewPgq RbMvx, Av_mvgvwRK Aev
wbwekl wewfb RbMvxi mv_ mK, KwgDwbwUi ga mvgvwRK I A_bwZK mvgZv I bvqwePvi, mvgvwRK g~jeva
Ges ewi vb I fSwgKvK KwgDwbwUi mvgvwRK c~uwR wnmve weePbv Kiv nq|
gvbe c~uwRt UKmB vb I cwiKbv cYqY Ges ckgY cK evevqbi `Zv I gZvmb I m` msMn I vbxq
vbmg RbMvx, hviv KwgDwbwUK NvZmwnz wnmve Mo ZzjZ Pjgvb cwqvq AskMnY KiZ mg, Zv`iK
KwgDwbwUi gvbec~uwR wnmve weePbv Kiv nq|
24 I nveyK

hvi gvag Kvb RbMvx ev msMVb h Kvb `yhvM NUbv ev cwqvq DzZ A^vfvweK AhvwPZ cwZK~j cwiwwZ gvKvejvq mdjZv
jvfi Rb we`gvb m` I myhvMjvK mwVKfve KvR jvMvq, ZvK Lvc LvBq bqvi Kkj ejv nq|

Rjevqy AwfhvRb wK?

h cwZZ gvbyl Rjevqy cwieZbRwbZ cfve I cwZwqvq (f~c I mgy`ci Zvcgvv ew, ewcvZi
ZviZg) A^vfvweK I cwZK~j cwiwwZ (jeYvZv, Liv, AKvj ebv, RjvQvm BZvw`) gvKvejvq mdjZv
jvfi Rb vbxq vb I AwfZvi AvjvK wevb I chywi eenvii gvag cwiewZZ cwiwwZi mv_ Lvc
LvBq bqvi Kkj Dveb Ki, mB cwZjvK Rjevqy AwfhvRb ejv nq|

h cwZZ gvbyl Rjevqy cwieZbRwbZ cfve I cwZwqvq (f~c I mgy`ci Zvcgvv ew, ewcvZi ZviZg) A^vfvweK I
cwZK~j cwiwwZ (jeYvZv, Liv, AKvj ebv, RjvQvm BZvw`) gvKvejvq mdjZv jvfi Rb vbxq vb I AwfZvi AvjvK
wevb I chywi eenvii gvag cwiewZZ cwiwwZi mv_ Lvc LvBq bqvi Kkj Dveb Ki, mB cwZjvK Rjevqy
AwfhvRb ejv nq|
nveyK I 25

cwZ I cwqvMZ emv`k _vKj Rjevqy AwfhvRb I `yhvM SzuwK eevcbvi j AwfbZv we`gvb| Rjevqy AwfhvRb I `yhvM
SzuwK eevcbvi Awfb j njvt

NvZmwnz RbMvx MVb

`Zv Dbqbi welqmg~n

Kvhvejxi D`vniY

mvgvwRK g~jeva mw

A_bwZK I mvgvwRK mvgZv I bvqwePvi wfwK g~jeva MVb

UKmB vb I cwiKbv
cYqY

`yhvM, wec`vcbZv, SzuwK I gvKvejv Kivi Kkj Ges cwiKbv cYqb mwKZ
mPZbZv I cwkY

ewPgq ` RbMvx Zix

KvVwgx, Nievwo givgZKvix, euva wbgvYKvwi, ivRwgx, KzwUi wki cwkY, KlK,
kwgK, BjwUwkqvb

bxwZ-wbaviK`i mv_ Avt

mK

vbxq miKvi, bxwZ wbaviK, vbxq Rbckvmbi mv_ KvR Kivi `Zv Dbqb

m` eevcbv

vbxq Rwg, Rj I Rj eevcbv welqK mPZbZv Ges m` cekvwaKvi Av`vqi

Kkj mwKZ cwkY

`yhvMKvjxb AvkqK`

`yhvMKvjxb AvkqK` eevcbv Ges wbivc` Avkq welqK mPZbZv

mevmg~n

`yhvMKvjxb miKvwi-emiKvwi mevmg~n mK mPZbZv I hvMvhvMi `Zv Ges

wbivc` cvwb, cqtwbvkb I ^v mK mPZbZv

weK Kgmsvb

fvmgvb km Drcv`b, evwfUvq km Drcv`b, mvgvwRK ebvqb, KzwUiwk `Zv Dbqb

evRvi eev

Drcvw`Z cYi bvh g~j cvwi wbqZv mw

cvwZvwbK kvmbeev

ckvmwbK weK`xKiY mwKZ aviYv

RbMvxi wec`vcbZv nvmKiY

`vwi` nvmKiY I UKmB Rxeb I RxweKv wbwZKiY
cvKwZK `yhvM hgb ebv, mvBKvb, Liv, jeYvZv, RjveZv, b`xfvOb BZvw` gvKvejv KiY
RbMvxi `yfvM nvmKiY
`yhvM SuywK eevcbv I ckgb

Awfb GB j ARb KiZ nj eZgvb aygv Rjevqy cwieZbRwbZ `yhvM SzuwK gvKvejv Ges NvZmwnz RbMvx MVb KiZ
nj `yhvM SuywK nvm Kvhgi cwiwPZ vb I AwfZvK Rjevqy AwfhvRbi mv_ m Ki mgw^Z SzuwK eevcbv Kvhg
MnY KiZ ne|
mgw^Z SzuwK eevcbvi GB Kvhg Ggb GKwU cwqv cqvRb (RbAskMnY wfwK `yhvM SuywK eevcbv) hvZ SuywKc~Y I
wec`vcb RbMvx `yhvMi AvksKv I SzuwKjv wPwZ I weklY Ki mwVK c`c MnY KiZ cvi, hvi gvag GKw`K hgb
Zv`i `yhvMi SzuwK nvm cvq Avevi `yhvMi SzuwK gvKvejvq Zv`i mvg_I ew cvq| GB cwqvi mePq iZc~Y w`K njv,
GB Kgm~wPi wewfb i wmv bqvi RbMvxi weklZ wec`vcb RbMvxi mwq AskMnY wbwZ Kiv nq, Abw`K
AcvKZ Kg SuywKc~Y RbMvxi mg_b I mnhvwMZv Av`vq Kiv nq| aygv ZYg~j RbMvx bq, GB cwqvi cyiv mdjZv jvfi
Rb miKvi I vbxq chvqi wewfb cwZwbwa`i AskMnYI wbwZ Kiv nq|

2.4

NvZmwnz Rxebhvv I RbMvxi ga NvZmwnz `Zv DbqY

Rjevqy cwieZb AwfhvReb I `yhvM SuywK nvm eevcbv DfqB G K_vi ^xKwZ w`qQ h, `yhvMi AvNvZ `wi`ivB mevcv
ewk wZM nq _vK| GwUi AbZg cavb KviY nQ h, Zv`i RxebaviYi DcKiYwji Dci Zviv mevwaK wbfikxj Ges h
DcKiYwji eenvi Zv`i `yhvM cieZxKvj c~evevq wdi Avmvi kw ewZ mnvqK, mjvZ Zv`i AwaKvi ev AwfMgZv
Kg| Avi GwU A_bwZK, mvgvwRK, eMZ ev cwiekMZ mKj A_B chvR| G KviY AwfhvRb I `yhvM SzuwK nvm Dfq B
`vwi` wegvPb Ges cvKwZK m`i UKmB eevcbv `yhvM I Rjevqy cwieZbRwbZ wecbZv jvNei AZvekK Ask|
Rjevqy cwieZb I `yhvM cwZiva `wi` gvbyli mnbkxjZv ev `yhvM c~evevq wdi Avmvi kw ew KiZ PvBj AwfhvRb I
`yhvM SuywK nvm eevcbv Gi wmv MnY cwqvq vbxq RbMYi AskMnY wbwZ KiZ ne| mBmv_ `vwi` wegvPb I cvKwZK
m`i UKmB eevcbvi j vbxq RbMvxi `Zv DbqY NUvZ ne, hjv Zv`iK NvZmwnz RbMvx wnmve Mo DVZ
mnvqZv c`vb Kie|

NvZmwnz RbMvx Mo Zvjvi hme welq (wb`kK) RbMvxi `Zv DbqY cqvRb, Zv wb Zzj aiv njv|

NvZmwnZvi wb`kKmg~nt

26 I nveyK

2.5

NvZmwnz RbMvx Kviv?

h RbMvxi ev KwgDwbwUi `yhvM SuywK gvKvejvi Rb wbi cwZmg~n AvQ, mB RbMvxK NvZmwnz RbMvx wnmve cwiMwYZ
Kiv nq|
KwgDwbwU ev RbMvxi ga
`yhvM SuywK eevcbvi j
wewfb Mc ev `j hgb, bvix
`j, wKkvi-wKkvix `j, Qv
`j BZvw` MwVZ iqQ|
`yhvM SzuwK gvKvejvq KwgDwbwUi
KwURx KgcwiKbv Zix
Qwe t Advg
iqQ|
mgvRwfwK AvMvg `yhvM mZKZv cPvii eev iqQ|
KwgDwbwUi ga wewfb `Zv mb hgb, Su~wK wbicb, Dvi, cv_wgK wPwKrmv, vY I c~bevmb eweM AvQb|
KwgDwbwUZ RxweKvi wbivc` / h_vh_ / weK Drm AvQ|
`yhvMKvjxb mgq m`i myiv c`vbi mgZv AvQ|
bvix bZZ AvQ Ges bvixi cwZ mwnsmZv ei Kvhg AvQ|
KwgDwbwUi SuywK I SzuwK nvmi Kkj mK vb AvQ|
nveyK I 27

vbxq Avc`gy wbivc` evmvb AvQ|

SuywK ckgb I SzuwK KvwUq DVvi Rb m` cekvwaKvi iqQ|
fZ AeKvVvgv hgb, ivv, we`yr, dvb, wKwbK, cvKwZK m`,
mvBKvb mUvi BZvw`Z cekvwaKvi wbwZ iqQ|
vbxq miKvi, vbxq chvqi miKvwi KgKZv, GbwRI I gvbweK
Kgm~wPZ wbqvwRZ msvmg~ni mv_ hvMvhvM iqQ|
vbxq I RvZxq chvq bxwZ cfvweZ Kivi mgZv iqQ|
UKmB Rxebhvvi 5wU c~uwR ARb vbxq cwZvbmg~ni mv_ hvMvhvM
iqQ|
KwgDwbwUwfwK msv iqQ, hv`i `yhvM SuywK gvKvejvq wbR^
D`vM MnY I hKvb evavK AwZg Kivi mgZv iqQ|

2.6

`wi` gvbyli wecbZvi KviY ev wbqvgK wnmve GKwU cfzRi KvY jvK H, S, P, F, N viv wPwZ Kiv nqQ| GLvb, H =
gvbe c~uwR, hgb ^v, cyw, wkv, vb I `Zv, KggZv, Lvc LvBq bqvi mvg_ BZvw` (Human Capital); S = mvgvwRK
c~uwR, hgb mvgvwRK hvMvhvM, mvgvwRK HwZn, c_v (Social Capital); P = fZ c~uwR, hgb AeKvVvgv mg~n (Physical
Capital); F = Avw_K c~uwR, hgb A_ I FY cvwi myhvM (Financial Capital) I N = cvKwZK c~uwR, hgb f~wg I Drcv`b eev
,cvwb m`, ebR m`, RxeewP, cwiekMZ mev (Natural Capital) K evSvbv nqQ| A_vr DjwLZ GB wbqvgK ev
c~uwRjvi Afvei KviY gvbyl `yhvMi mgq wec`vcb nq| wec`vcbZvi KviYI `wi` gvbyli DjwLZ wbqvgK ev c~uwRjvi Dci
cfve co wKsev c~uwRjv nvm cvq, hKviY wec`vcbZv `wi` gvbylK Aviv ewk `wi` Ki Zvj|
`yhvMi mgq `wi` gvbyli wec`vcbZv nvm KiZ nj `vwi`Zvi wbqvgK ev c~uwRmg~ni ew NUvZ ne| GRb RvZxq I vbxq
chvqi bxwZ, cwZvb I cwqvK cfvweZ (AvWfvKmx) KiZ Kiv cqvRb|

Qwe t Advg

UKmB Rxebhvv dgIqvK

UKmB Rxebhvv KgKvVvgv (Sustainable Livelihoods Framework) `vwi`Zv I `vwi`Zv gywi Rb gvbyli weklZ `wi`
gvbyli mgZv (Human Capabilities) I m` (Assests and Resources) K weePbv Ki, A_vr h_vh_ mgZv I m`
_vKv mvc gvbyli `wi`Zv I `vwi`Zv gy nevi mgZv wePvi Kiv hvq| m` wnmve f~wg I Abvb m`, Avw_K c~uwR I FY,
Drcv`bi hcvwZ I mivgvw` BZvw`Z cekvwaKvi (Access) K evSvbv nqQ|
m` I Abvb m` cekvwaKvi ejZ Rwg AvQ wKbv wKsev q Kiv myhvM I mvg_ AvQ wKbv; Lvj-wej-Rjvkq-eb-Rj
BZvw` eenvi Kivi myhvM AvQ wKbv BZvw`K evSvbv nqQ|

H
Vulnerability
Context
Stocks
Seasonality
Trends
Changes

Policies
influence Institutions
Pracesses

The Poor

Livelihood
Strategies

Livelihood
Outcomes

`wi` gvbyli `vwi`Zvi wbqvgK ev c~uwR mg~ni Dbqbi j cwiewZZ RvZxq I vbxq bxwZ, cwZvb I cwqv wfw Ki `wi`
gvbyli Rxebhvv (Rxeb I RxweKv) Kkj wbaviY KiZ nq, hvZ Zv`i Rxebhvvi Dbqb NU| `wi` gvbyli Rxebhvvi Dbqb
NUj gvbyli `vwi`Zv `~i nq|

2.6.1 AwfhvRb I NvZmwnz RbMvxt UKmB Rxebhvv dgIqvKi iZ

Rjevhy cwieZb aygv gi Aji eid Mjv wbq AvjvPbv Kivi welq bq, eis GwU AbK ewk gvbyli wec`vcbZv weklZ
`wi` gvbyli wec`vcbZvK w`K-wb`k Ki| Rjevqy cwieZbi KviY GKzk kZK zav I `vwi`Zv ew cve|
Zvcgvv ew I ewcvZi ZviZgi A_ njv, Lv` Drcv`b evnZ ne; hvi dj Lv`g~j ew cve| gmyg ewP wZM nIqvi
KviY KlKi km Drcv`bi aviv cwiewZZ ne, hvi dj Lv` Drcv`b I KlKi Kgmsvb wZM ne| AvMvgx 2030 mvj
AvRvwZK evRvi Lv`g~j cvq wY ne, hvi AbZg KviY wnmve Rjevqy cwieZbK wPwZ Kiv nqQ| Gme KviY `wi`
gvbyli Rxeb I RxweKv Pig SzuwKi gyL coe|
Rjevqy cwieZb wec`vcbZv I SzuwKi KviY wnmve `Lv w`j GwU g~jZ gvbyli m` cekvwaKvi I m` cvwi myhvMK AvNvZ
Ki; A_vr gvbyli Rxeb I RxweKvK cfvweZ Ki I ^vfvweK Rxebhvv evnZ nq| mKviY Rjevqyi AwfhvRb Kkj wbaviYi
cavb j ne, Rjevqy cwieZb RwbZ KviY D~Z wec`vcbZvK nvm Kiv Ges `wi`Zvi ga emevmKvwi gvbyli Rxebhvv
(Livelihoods) K myiv c`vb I cmvwiZ (To sustain and enhance) Kiv| `wi` gvbyli RxebhvvK myiv c`vb I cmvwiZ
KiYi A_bwZK I RxweKvi weK mg~n LyuR ei Kivi Kgm~wP (Economic and Livelihoods Diversification)
MnY KiZ ne|
Rjevqy AwfhvRbi Kkj wbaviYi h welqjvK iZ c`vb KiZ ne, mjv njvt

Avw_K m` cekvwaKvi ejZ cqvRb A_msvb Kivi mvg_ AvQ wKbv ev A_msvb Kivi mvg_ bv _vKj Avw_K cwZvb
(evsK, GbwRI) _K FY cvwi myhvM I mvg_ AvQ wKbv; Drcv`b Kivi Rb hcvwZ, mivgvw` I `evw` hgb Kwli
PvlhvM Rwg, Rwg Pvli h - Uvi ev jvOj, Rvqvj I Mi, mPi Rb cvIqvi wUjvi ev b`x, cyKzi, Lvwo, Rjvkq _K cvwb
Zvjvi eev; mivg I `evw` hgb mvi, Zj, KxUbvkK, gvovB h ev gvovB Kivi eev mgZv ejZ cwievii m`m`i vb
I `Zv Ges mvgvwRK I ivRbwZK `Zv hgb we`gvb evRvi eevq q-weq I mevi bvh I mevwaK djvdj cvwi
`iKlvKwli `Zv I myhvMK evSvbv nqQ|
UKmB Rxebhvv dgIqvK ev GcvPi `ywU cavb Ask iqQt
GwU `vwi`Zvi KviY ev wbqvgK mK aviYv c`vb Ki;
GwU GKwU bxwZgvjv hv `vwi`ZvK AwZg Kivi Rb wKQz Kvhg wb`k Ki|
UKmB Rxebhvvi dgIqvKi GKwU wP Dci Zzj aiv nqQ, hLvb gvbyli cavbZg wec`vcbZvjvK (Vulnerability
Context) wPwZ Kiv nqQ| gvbyli cavbZg wec`vcbZvjv njv, AvNvZ (Shocks), mvgwqKZv (Seasonality) A_vr
`yhvMi dj gvbyli ga h mvgwqK wec`vcbZv `Lv `q mjv I avivevwnKZvi aiY (Trends) A_vr wec`vcbZv wK ic aviY
KiZ cvi|
28 I nveyK

wec`vcb nj Rxeb I RxweKvi myivi Rb gvbyl wK cwZ Aej^b Ki wKsev Aej^b KiZ Pvq;
A_bwZK myivi Rb Zviv wK Ki, wKfve Ki wKsev wK KiZ Pvq;
`wi` gvbyli Rxebhvvi myivi Rb vbxq cvKwZK m` hgb Rwg, Rj, Rji iZ;
Abvb me Dcvq hjv `wi` gvbyli Rxeb I RxweKvK myiv c`vb Ki Ges cmvwiZ KiYi myhvM mw
Ki|

2.6.2 AwfhvRb mgZv cwigvc

BZvga Avgiv `vwi`ZvK cfvweZ Ki Ggb 5wU c~uwRi (gvbe c~uwR, mvgvwRK c~uwR, fZ c~uwR, Avw_K c~uwR I cvKwZK c~uwR) ev
m`i K_v RbwQ| Avevi wewfb Aj hgb Liv Aj, DcK~jxq Aj, ebv ceY Aj, b`x fvObi Aj, nvIo Aj
emevmiZ gvbyli Rxebhvvq cv_K AvQ, A_vr Ajjvi gvbyl`i ga DjwLZ c~uwRjvi cvcZvi nvm-ew AvQ, hv Zv`i
nveyK I 29

RxebhvvK cfvweZ Ki|

c~uwR ev m`i nvm-ew
NU g~jZt wbw` Aji
gvbyli AwfhvRb mgZvi
Dci| wewfb Aji
gvbyli GB AwfhvRb
mgZvK cwigvc Ki
Avgiv wbw` Aji
gvbyli Rxebhvvi gvb
cwigvc KiZ cvwi|
Rxebhvv cwigvc Kivi
cqUi GKwU
viKvW eenvi Kiv nq|
GB vi KvW gvU cqU
_vK 25| GB vi KvW
eenvi Ki AwRZ cqU
20-25 nj Lye DP gvbi,
15-20 nj DP gvbi,
10-15 nj gag gvbi,
05-10 nj wbgvbi I
0-05 nj Lye wbgvbi
AwfhvRb mgZv AvQ
ej ai bqv nq|
UKmB Rxebhvv dgIqvK
`vwi`Zvi KviY I `vwi`Zv
_K DiYi (c~uwR ev
m` Dbqbi) j GKwU

KgKvVvgv wb`k Ki| Abw`K `yhvMi SuywK _K c~uwR ev m`jvK myiv c`vbi Rb gvbyli AwfhvRb mgZv cqvRb
nq, A_vr AwfhvRb mgZv ewi gvag gvbyli c~uwR ev m`jvK `yhvMi SuywK _K myiv c`vb Kiv hvq Ges 5wU mgZv
ARbi ga w`q gvbyl wec`vcb Rxeb _K NvZmwnz Rxeb DbZ nZ cvi|
`wi` gvbyli wec`vcbZvi SuywKjvK KvwUq IV NvZmwnz Rxebhvv wbwZ Kiv Ges NvZmwnz RxebhvvK Aviv DbZZi
Rxebhvv Zix KivB AwfhvRb mgZvi g~j j|

2.7

KwgDwbwUwfwK msMVY mg~ni fwgKvt

gvU AwRZ vi (25 Gi ga)

AwfhvRb mgZv

20-25

Lye DP gvb

15-20

DP gvb

AwfhvRb mgZv

`yhvM SzwK

30 I nveyK

D`vM MnY I Pvc c`vbKvwi Mc wnmve KvR KiZ cvib;

KwgDwbwUi wec`vcbZv weklY, wbaviY I WKzgUkb mnvqZv KiZ cvib;
KwgDwbwUi wec`vcbZv nvm KiZ cwiKbvgvwdK Z`wei KiZ cvib;
vbxq DbqY cwiKbvi hLvb chvR, mLvb AwfhvRbi welqjv mKiY;
AMMwZ cwiexY I bxwZ-wbaviKe`K AewnZ KiZ cvib|
AwfhvRb mgZv mb NvZmwnz RbMvx MoZ vbxq chvq mgZv ew cwkY AvqvRb
wKsev AvqvRb KiZ mnvqZv KiZ cvib|

bvixi fwgKvt
10-15

wec`vcb Rxebhvv

NvZmwnz RbMvx MVb KwgDwbwUwfwK msv I KwgDwbwUi m`m`i f~wgKv

NvZmwnz RbMvx MVb GKwU Pjgvb cwqv, hLvb KwgDwbwUwfwK msMVb (wmweI), KwgDwbwUi m`m hgb bvix, Zib, hyeK,
^QvmeK`i iZc~Y f~wgKv iqQ|

gag gvb

AwfhvRb mgZv

NvZmwnz Rxebhvv

AwfhvRbi myhvM mgyn evevqbi KvbwU bvixi mgvb AskMnYi Rb KvhKi, KvbwU
KvhKi bq - GB welqjv Rvi `wfw _K hvPvB-evQvB KiZ cvib;
MwnZ mKj Kvhgjv hvZ Rvi eve nq, mRb HKefve KvR KiZ cvib;
mKj Kvhg I KgKv bvixi AskMnY wbwZ Kivi Rb D`vM MnY KiZ cvib|

DbZ Rxebhvv

`yhvM SzwK

nveyK I 31

Zib, hyeK I ^QvmeK`i fwgKvt

`j Zix KiZ cvib| `jefve vbxq wec`vcbZv mK vb I Z_fvvi Mo ZzjZ Ges

mg Kivi D`vM MnY KiZ cvib;
wec`vcbZvi h welqjv mK Kgm~wP MnY Kiv cqvRb, cwiKwZ I HKefve mjv
evevqb KiZ cvib;
vbxq chvq wewfb cKi Kvhvejx cwiexY KiZ cvib;
wec`vcbZvi djvdj Ges avivevwnK AwfhvRbi cqvRbxqZv weklY KiZ cvib|

GbwRI`i fwgKvt
^ZtzZ AwfhvRbi KgKvjv hvZ KvhKifve cwiPvwjZ nq, GB welqwU GbwRI`i wbwZ
Kiv cqvRb;
cvwZvwbKfve AwfhvRb Kvhgjv hvZ cZvwkZ djvdj ARbi j cwiKwZ Dcvq
evevqb Kiv nq,
GB welq AMMwZ I cwiexY Kvhg wbwZ Kiv cqvRb;
vbxq chvq MwnZ Kvhgmg~n evevqbi mgZv Zixi Kvhg cwiPvjbv Kiv DwPZ;
Kvb Kgm~wP hw` AwfhvRbi ^-gqvw` I `xNgqv`x djvdj ARb evnZ ev evavM nq, Ggb
Kgm~wPjv wPwZ Kiv Ges Kgm~wPjvK AwfhvRb mgZv mb wnmve Mo ZzjZ
mnhvwMZv c`vb Kiv|

ZZxq Aavq
cvKwZK m` eevcbv I Rjevqy AwfhvRb
3.1 Rjevqy cwieZb I cvKwZK m`
Rjevqy cwieZbi dj m` mxwgZ nq hvq Ges m`i Afve `Lv `qvi mvebv ew cvq| hgb, DcK~jxq GjvKvi cvwb
jeYv nIqvi KviY wKsev Livv GjvKvq Lvevi cvwb I Mnvwji KvRi Rb eenvii cvwbi Afve `Lv `q| cvKwZK m`
hgb Rwg, Rj I Rj my eevcbvi gvag vbxq RbMvx G aiYi RjevqyRwbZ cwZwqv nvm iZc~Y f~wgKv cvjb KiZ
cvi| hgb, RwgZ Re Dcv`vb ew Kivi gvag f~wgZ ewi cvwb ai eev Kiv hvq; Avevi AwZ I fvix ewi KviY m
RjveZv _K kmK ivi Rb `Z cvwb AcmviYi cqvRb nq, G `Z cvwb AcmviYi Rb bvjv-Lvj-wej msvi Kiv
hZ cvi; ebvqb I mvgvwRK ebvqb vbxq Zvcgvv nvm KiZ cvi; ay ZvB bq GB Kgm~wP RbMvxK evowZ Avqi myhvM Ki
`q, gvwUK f~wgam, ebv I fvObi Kej _K gy ivL Ges Afvei mgq Lv` I Rvjvbx mieivn Ki|
ZvB cvKwZK m` eevcbvi Rjevqy cwieZbRwbZ mve wec`vbZv I SuywK weePbvq iL cvKwZK m` hgb Rwg, Rj
I Rji eevcbv I eenvi Ggbfve KiZ ne, hvZ vbxq RbMvx ev KwgDwbwU cwiewZZ cwiwwZi mv_ Lvc LvBq wbZ
cvi|

3.2 cvKwZK m` eevcbv Ges `yhvM SzuwK eevcbv I Rjevqy AwfhvRb

Rjevqy cwieZbi dj nvIo, wej, my`ieb Ges ei` Aji cvKwZK m` hgb gvwU, cvwb, grm m` BZvw` wZM nQ|
dj Gme m`i Dci wbfikxj RbMvxi Rxeb, RxweKv I Kgmsvb wZM nQ| hgb, grm m`i ejv nQ,
AfixY grm AvniY evsjv`k wek ZZxq vb AwaKvix `k| gvQ Pvli G`ki Aevb cg| wK Rjevqy cwieZb
GB grm LvZi Dci coQ weic cfve| ewcvZi A^vfvweK AvPiY, Zvcgvv ew `ki grm m`i Rb cwZK~j Aevi mw
Ki PjQ cwZwbqZ| gmygx ewcvZ bv nIqvq Ges Amgq fvwi ewcvZ nIqvq gvQi cRbb bvbvwea mgmv nQ, hgb cRbbi
Dchy cwiek bv cvIqvq Ges Zvcgvv ewk _vKvq gvQ Kwg cRbb mvov bv `qvq cRbb evnZ nQ, GRb wWg gvQi kixi
kvwlZ nq hvQ| wekliv Rvbvb, Zvcgvv 29-30 wWMx mjwmqvm Mj cvwbi Zvcgvv eo hvq, dj cvwbZ AwRb Kg
hvq, Avi ZvZ cRbbg gvQ AZB Kv nq co| GgZvevq wWgi AveiY cvZjv nq hvq| GZ mgM cvbv Drcv`b evnZ
nq|
Rjevqy cwieZbRwbZ cvKwZK m` (Rwg, Rj I Rj) wZi SzuwK gvKvejvq Rjevqy AwfhvRbi K` _K gvV chvq
ch RvZxq ebbxwZ, grmbxwZ, cm`bxwZi m RvZxq KwlbxwZ I Kvhgi mg^q Kiv welqwUi Dci iZvivc Kiv
cqvRb|

3.3 Kwl cwZek AjwfwK cvKwZK m` eevcbv

3.3.1 DcK~jxq Aj `yhvM SzuwK I cvKwZK m` eevcbv Ges Rjevqy AwfhvRb
`kxq cwZ weePbvq jeYvZv mwnz DbZZi km RvZ Dveb, wbixv I mmviY KvR AwaKZi cYv`bv Ges
A_vqb Kiv cqvRb| A_vqbi hZ ewk me ivxq AskMnY I eevcbvq KlK`i AskMnY ew KiZ ne
Ges MelYvj dj KlK`i DchvwM Ki eenvi Kivi D`vM MnY KiZ ne|
my`iebi gvQ, ccvwL, evN, nwiYmn RxeR I RxeewP msiY Kivi Rb my`ieb myivi Rb mgw^Z D`vM
Mnb KiZ ne|
bvixeve mvBKvb AvkqK` Mo ZzjZ ne Ges `yhvMKvjxb ^v, weK Kgmsvb I evRvi eev mK mPZbZv
ewi c`c Mnb KiZ ne|
32 I nveyK

nveyK I 33

`wi` gvbyli Avq ewi j kxZKvjxb km I kvK-mewR Drcv`b ewi Dk webv g~j exR mieivnmn Abvb
Drcv`b mnhvwMZv c`vb KiZ ne|
KwlKvR mnR Kivi j mKj b`x AwZ Riwi wfwZ Lbb KiZ ne Ges wZKi Pi AcmviY KiZ ne, hvZ
b`xi bveZv ew cvq|
GK dmjx RwgZ `v-dmjx RwgZ icvii KvhKi D`vM MnY KiZ ne|
cyiv DcK~jRyo DcK~jxq meyR ebx Kgm~wPi AvIZvq gvbMvf ebvqb Mo ZzjZ ne|

3.3.2 ei` Aj `yhvM SuywK I cvKwZK m` eevcbv I Rjevqy AwfhvRb

ei` Aj f~Mf cvwbi i wVK ivLvi Rb f~c cvwbi eenvi ew Kivi Rb D`vM MnY Kiv cqvRb|
ei` Aji mKj eo b`x Ges Gjvi kvLv-ckvLv Ges Lvwomg~n Lbb I msvii gvag cvKwZK cvwb ai ivLvi
cqvRbxq eev MnY KiZ ne|
elv gmyg wecyj cwigvY cvwb kvLv b`x I Lvjmg~n euvai mvnvh msiY Kivi D`vM MnY Kiv cqvRb|
ei` GjvKvi Rb kmi Livmwnz RvZ Dveb Dveb, wbixv I mmviY KvR AwaKZi cYv`bv Ges A_vqb Kiv
cqvRb| A_vqbi hZ ewk me ivxq AskMnY I eevcbvq KlK`i AskMnY ew KiZ ne Ges MelYvj
dj KlK`i DchvwM Ki eenvi Kivi D`vM MnY KiZ ne|

3.3.3 nvIo Aj `yhvM Su~wK I cvKwZK m` eevcbv I Rjevqy AwfhvRb

nvIo GjvKvi gaw`q cevwnZ b`x-bvjv jvi Lbb Kvh cwiPvjbv Ki nvIoi cvwbcevn ^vfvweK iL nvIoi gvQ
I RxeewP msibi D`vM MnY Kiv cqvRb|
nvIo GjvKvi Rb AvMvg dmj Drcv`bi Rb wekl RvZi km Dveb KiZ ne|
nvIo GjvKvq QvU QvU Wzev euva wbgvY Kivi gvag AKvj ebvi Kej _K nvIoevwmK myiv c`vbi D`vM MnY
KiZ ne|
fvmgvb km I mewRPvl, nuvm cvjb mK nvIo GjvKvi Awaevmx`i mnhvwMZv c`vb KiZ ne|
nvIoi Rj`i gvQ aivi AwaKvi msiY KiZ ne|
nvIoi wejycvq gvQi RvZjvK iv Kivi KvhKi D`vM Mnb KiZ ne|
Aeafve hZ nvIo fivU e KiZ ne|

3.3.4 Pi GjvKvq `yhvM SuywK I cvKwZK m` eevcbv Ges Rjevqy AwfhvRb

b`xfvObi Kej _K Pii RbMvxK myiv c`vbi D`vM MnY KiZ ne|
Pii ga miKvwi I KwgDwbwU wfwK mvgvwRK ebvqb Kgm~wP mmviY KiZ ne|
Pii Awaevmx`i weK Kwleev Mo Zvjvi Rb miKvwi c`c MnY KiZ ne|
Pii Pvicvk meyR ebx Mo Zvjvi j miKvwi I KwgDwbwU wfwK Kgm~wP Mnb KiZ ne|

3.3.5 wej GjvKvq `yhvM SuywK I cvKwZK m` eevcbv Ges Rjevqy AwfhvRb
Pjbwej cvwb mieivn wbwZ Kivi j b`x-bvjvjv Lbb I msvi KiZ ne|
Pjbweji gvQi cvbv msibi Rb miKvwifve D`vM Mnb KiZ ne|
Aeafve wej `Lj I fivU Kivi KgKv e KiZ ne|
mKj wej I b`x-bvjvq Rj`i gvQ wkKvii AwaKvi c`vb KiZ ne|

3.4 Rjevqy cwieZb msv RvZxq bxwZ-KvVvgv

BZvga Avgiv Rjevqy cwieZbi KviY, cfve I djvdj mK RbwQ| Avgiv `LZ cqwQ, Rjevqy cwieZbi KviY
Avgv`i wZ nqQ evcK, wK Rjevqy cwieZbi cfve gvKvejvq evsjv`k chyw I Avw_K mnhvwMZv cwigvY Achv, wK
gvbyli Rxeb I RxweKv _g bB| HwZnvwmKfve evsjv`ki gvbyl I cwZvbmg~n Rjevqy cwieZbi RvZxq I AvRvwZK chvq
evwbK I ivRbwZK mgSvZv ZixZ iZ c~Y f~wgKv cvjb KiQ| AbK welq weZK I AbK _vKjI evsjv`k G ch
Rjevqy cwieZb RwbZ vb I eywK KvR jvMvbv Ges cwZvbmg~ni mgZv ewZ AbK iZc~Y KvR KiQ|
34 I nveyK

evsjv`k Rjevqy cwieZb mK BZvga KZKwj bxwZ msv WKzgU Zix KiQ Ges Rjevqy cwieZbi welqjv Abvb
RvZxq bxwZgvjvq Afz KiQ| Rjevqy cwieZb msv RvZxq bxwZgvjvjv njvt

wfkb 2021
miKvi wfkb 2021 bvgK `xNgqv`x RvZxq cwiKbv cYqb KiQ, hLvb cwiKwZ Awfevmb, Rjevqy cwieZbi wZKi cfveK
gvKvejv I ewkK Zvcgvv nvm Kivi KvhKi D`vM MnYi K_v e Kiv nqQ|

cwicwZ cwiKbv wb`kbv (Outline Perspective Plan)

evsjv`k mwZ wekevsKi Pvc cYxZ `vwi` `~ixKiYi Kkjc (wcAviGmwc) evwZj KiQ Ges `ki Pvwn`v I cqvRbi
bxwiL RvZxq cwicwZ cwiKbv cYqb Kivi D`vM MnY KiQ, hv 2010 mvj cavbgxi `i _K Abygv`b Kiv nqQ|
cwicwZ cwiKbvq miKvii DbqY welqK ivRbwZK w`K-wb`kbv cwZdwjZ nqQ| cwicwZ cwiKbvq Rjevqy cwieZbi
cfve gvKvejvq LvZwfwK cwiKbv cYqbi Dci iZvivc Kiv nqQ|

l cevwlK cwiKbv (2011-2015)

cew I `vwi` `~ixKiYi j LvZwfwK bxwZ-cwiKbv, KkjMZ wb`kbv I Kgm~wP Afz Ki BZvga l cevwlK
cwiKbv (2011-2015) cYqb KiQ| cevwlK cwiKbvq Rjevqy cwieZb welq iZc~Y bxwZ-cwiKbv I KkjMZ
w`K-wb`kbv c`vb Kiv nqQ|

Abvb LvZwfwK RvZxq bxwZ-cwiKbvt

LvZwfwK RvZxq bxwZ-cwiKbv hgb KwlbxwZ, ebbxwZ, wk bxwZ, `yhvM eevcbv bxwZmn mKj bxwZgvjvjvZ Rjevqy cwieZb
gvKvejvi Kgm~wP I KgKkj Afz Kiv nqQ|

msweavbt
msweavbi wZxq Ask (cvU-2) iv cwiPvjbvi gwjK bxwZmg~n Gi 18 G AbyQ` G ejv nqQ, evsjv`ki cwiek I
RxeewPK myiv c`vb Gi AxKvi Kiv nqQ| AxKvi ejv nqQ, eZgvb I fwelZ cRbi Rb iv cwieki Dbqb
Ges cvKwZK m`, RxeewP, Rjvf~wg, eb I eb cvYxK myiv c`vb Kie|

RvZxq AwfhvRb KgcwiKbv (National Adaptation Programme of Action - NAPA)

miKvi mec_g 2005 mvj Avgv`i RvZxq AwfhvRb cwiKbv (bvkbvj AvWvcUkb cvb Ae AvKkb- bvcv) cYqb Ki| GUv
wQj GKwU 10 eQii cwiKbv| 10 eQii H KgcwiKbvq evsjv`k wKfve Rjevqy AwfhvRb Kgm~wP evevqb Kie, m welq
Kgm~wP I Kkj eYbv Kiv nqQ|

evsjv`k Rjevqy cwieZb Kkjc I KgcwiKbvt

2009 mvj miKvi Rjevqy cwieZbi weic cfve gvKvejv Kivi Dk AwfhvRb Ges MxYnvDR Mvm wbMgY Kgvbvi `yUv
DkK mvgb iL GKwU Kkjc Zix Ki| GUvK ejv nq evsjv`k Rjevqy cwieZb Kkjc I KgcwiKbv
(wewmwmGmGwc)| Rjevqy cwieZbi SuywK gvKvejvq miKvi I Abvb msv AvMvgx 10 eQi wK Kie, wKfve Kie Ges Kv_vq
Kie, Zv GB KgcwiKbvq eYbv Kiv nqQ|
evsjv`k Rjevqy cwieZb Kkjc I KgcwiKbvi mejv KvRK 6wU g~j ev wcjvi fvM Kiv nqQ| ev wcjvijv
njvt RbMYi Lv` wbivcv, wbivc` Avevmb, Kgmsvb I ^vmn mvgvwRK myiv; mgw^Z `yhvM eevcbv; DcK~jxq ewieuva,
ebv wbqY euva, NywbSo Avkq K`, wkv cwZvb, knii cvwb wbvkb eev BZvw` AeKvVvgv DbqY; Rjevqy cwieZbi fwelZ
SuywK I SuywK gvKvejvq wK KiZ ne Zv wbaviY Kivi Rb MelYv I vb eevcbv; cw_exi Rjevqy cwieZbi SuywK Kgvbvq hb
evsjv`k f~wgKv ivLZ cvi mRb MxY nvDR Mvm wbMgb Kwgq Dbqb wbwZ Kiv, Ges miKvii gYvjq I `ijv hb AvMvgx
w`b Rjevqy cwieZbi SuywK gvKvejvq fvjvfve KvR KiZ cvi GRb mgZv ew|

nveyK I 35

GB 6wU ev wcjvii Aaxb AvQ 43wU Kgm~wP| Kgm~wPjvi ga Avevi 145wU Kvhg evevqbi cwiKbv AvQ| wbi
mviYxZ evsjv`k Rjevqy cwieZb Kkjc I KgcwiKbvi welqwfwK Dbqb Kkj I Kgm~wPjv Zzj aiv njv|
Dbqb Kkj mgyn
wU1: Lv` wbivcv,
mvgvwRK myiv I ^v

Kgm~wPmg~n
wU1wc1: Rjevqy cwZivag dmji RvZ Dvebi Dk
MelYv I weZiYi cvwZvwbK mgZv evovbv;
wU1wc2: Rjevqy cwZivag Pvlvev` cwZ Dbqb;
wU1wc3: Livi m AwfhvRb
wU1wc4: gvrmLvZ AwfhvRb
wU1wc5: cvwYm` LvZ AwfhvRb
wU1wc6: ^vLvZ AwfhvRb
wU1wc7: Rjevqy-wec`vcb GjvKvjvZ cvwb I mvwbUkb
Kgm~wP
wU1wc8: cwZekMZ bvRyK GjvKvjvq RxweKvqbi
wbivcv wbwZ Kiv
wU1wc9: Av_mvgvwRKfve SuywKc~Y RbMvxi (bvixmn)
mgZvwfwK I vwqZkxj Dbqb wbwZ Kiv

`vwqZcv gYvjq

wU4 MelYv I vb
eevcbv

- Kwl gYvjq
- cvwb m` gYvjq
- grm m` I
cvwYm` gYvjq
- ^v I cwievi KjvY
gYvjq
- vbxq miKvi, cjx
Dbqb I mgevq
gYvjq
- Lv` I `yhvM
gYvjq

wU2: mgw^Z `yhvM

eevcbv

wU2wc1: ebv c~evfvm I AvMvg mZKxKiY-eevi Dbqb

wU2wc2: N~wYSo I RjvQvm mZKxKiY-eevi Dbqb
wU2wc3: Rjevqy mwnzZv evovbvi Rb mPZbZv ew I
Rbwkv
wU2wc4: DcvRb I m`i SuywK eevcbv

- cvwbm` gYvjq
- Lv` I `yhvM
eevcbv gYvjq
- A_ gYvjq

wU3: AeKvVvgv Dbqb

wU3wc1: we`gvb ebv-euva givgZ I iYveY

wU3wc2: N~wYSo AvkqK` givgZ I iYveY
wU3wc3: we`gvb DcKjxq cvvi givgZ I iYveY
wU3wc4: knivji cvwb wbvkb-eevi Dbqb
wU3wc5: ebvi m AwfhvRb
wU3wc6: Mxgjxq N~wYSo I RjvQvmi m AwfhvRb
wU3wc7: b`xkvmbi cwiKbv I bKkv cYqb Ges evevqb
wU3wU8: b`xLbb I cwj AegyKibi gvag b`x I Lvj
c~Yxebi cwiKbv, bKkv cYqb I evevqb

- cvwb m` gYvjq
- Lv` I `yhvM
eevcbv gbvjq
- vbxq miKvi, cjx
Dbqb I mgevq
gYvjq

36 I nveyK

Dbqb Kkj mgyn

wU5 wbMgb nvm I Kveb

mvkqx Dbqb

wU6 mgZv I cvwZvwbK

kw ew

Kgm~wPmg~n

`vwqZcv gYvjq

wwU4wc1 vb eevcbv K` I Rjevqy cwieZb cwkY

K` vcb
wU4wc2 RvZxq I AvwjK chvq Rjevqy cwieZb gWj
Zix
wU4wc3 mgy`ci DPZv ewi m AwfhvRbi Rb
cv_wgK MelYv
wU4wc4 cwZekeev I cvYewPi cwieZb I Zvi
cfve cheY
wU4wc5 mvgwK A_bxwZ I A_bwZK LvZjvi Rjevqy
cwieZbi cfve
wU4wc6 gvivZKfve wZM RbMvxi Avfixb I
ivmxgvi evBi Awfevmb cheY Ges mgZv evovbvi
gvag bZzb cwiek c~bevmb mnvqZv
wU4wc7 chUb eevcbv mwKZ bvbv welqi Dci cfve
cheY I AMvwaKviwfwK cwiKbv evevqb

wU5wc1 Rvjvbx Drcv`b I eenvi Rvjvbxi KvhKvwiZv

ew
wU5wc2 Mvm Dvjb I gRy` eevcbv
wU5wc3 Kqjv Lwb Dbqb I Kqjv wfwK we`yr K` vcb
wU5wc4 bevqbhvM Rvjvbx Dbqb
wU5wc5 KwlRwg _K wbMgb nvm
wU5wc6 bMi eR eevcbv
wU5wc7 Ebvqb I cybevmb Kgm~wP
wU5wc8 Rvjvbx-mvkqx DcKiYi `Z mmviY
wU5wc9 cwiekmZ Rvjvbx I cvwb eenvi
wU5wc10 cwienb LvZ Rvjvbx eenvii aiY cwieZb I
wbMgb nvmi cwZ ceZb

- we`yr, Rvjvbx I
LwbRm` gYvjq
- wk gYvjq
- Kwl gYvjq
- ^v gYvjq
- grm I cvwYm`
gYvjq
- cwiek I eb
gYvjq
- vbxq miKvi, cjx
Dbqb I mgevq
gYvjq
- Mnvqb I MYc~Z
gYvjq

wU6wc1 Rjevqy mwnzZv ARbi Rb Abvb bxwZgvjv

mskvab
wU6wc2 RvZxq, LvZwfwK I mvgwMK Dbqb Kgm~wPZ
Rjevqy cwieZb g~javivKiY
wU6wc3 gvbe m`i mgZv ew
wU6wc4 Rjevqy cwieZb eevcbvq Rvi weePbv ew
wU6wc5 Rjevqy cwieZb eevcbvq Rb cvwZvwbK
mgZv ew
wU6wc6 MYgvag Rjevqy cwieZb g~javivKiY

Kwl gYvjq
wk gYvjq
cwZiv gYvjq
bcwienb gYvjq
cwiek I eb
gYvjq
cvwbm` gYvjq
we`yr, Rvjvbx I
LwbRm` gYvjq
^v gYvjq
vbxq miKvi, cjx
Dbqb I mgevq
gYvjq
emvgwiK wegvb
PjvPj I chUb
gYvjq

- cwiKbv Kwgkb
- cwiek I eb
gYvjq
- gwnjv I wk welqK
gYvjq
- Z_ I hvMvhvM
gYvjq

nveyK I 37

3.5 Rjevqy Znwej

wcvwK Znwej

AwfhvRb I ckgb g~j KvR nj A_vqb I chyw evevqbi cavb Dcvq| Rjevqy welqK AvRvwZK AvjvPbvi i _KB GB
`yywU welq gbvhvM AvKlY KiQ| evcKv_ Gi g~jbxwZjv LyeB cwivi| eZgvb Rjevqy cwieZb njv HwZnvwmKfve cwgv
I Abvb wkvbZ `kjvi Kveb wbMgbi dj| G KviYB wZM `kjvi RvZxq Kgm~wP evevqb hvZ Ame nq bv co
m Rb AwfhvRb I ckgb mswk Kgm~wPi Rb DbZ `kjvKB A_vqb KiZ ne| Znwej MVbi cwqv wK ne mwU
AvRvwZK mjb wbavwiZ ne| Ze evsjv`k Kvgbv Ki, GKwU bZzb Avw_K KvVvgvi Aaxb G Znwej cwiPvwjZ ne hLvb
Znwej MVb, eiv c`vb I weZiYi welq ^vbZ `k, wR77 cvm Pxb Ges Abvb RvUjv gZvgZ w`Z cvie|

Dbqb mnhvMx (Development Partners -DPs) Abvb ivmg~n Zv`i wbR^ ivxq bxwZi Aaxb evsjv`k KZKwj Kgm~wP
evevqb Ki _vKzK| BDGm GBW cwZeQi 100 wgwjqb Wjvi evsjv`k Rjevqy welqK cK evevqb eq Ki| wcvwK Dbqb
mnhvMxe` evsjv`k Dbqb dvivg Ges vbxq civgkK `j (Local Consultative Group -LCG) Gi AvjvPbvi gvag GB
cKjv evsjv`k evevqb Ki _vK|

AwfhvRbi mKj Znwej Aby`vbi AvKvi w`Z ne| Kbbv wkvbZ `kjvi HwZnvwmKfve Kveb wbMgbB Rjevqyi G aiYi
cwieZbi Rb `vqx Ges m KviYB G aiYi AwfhvRbi cqvRb nq coQ| ckgb g~jZt Rvjvbx Drcv`b, weZiY I eenvii
chywi mv_ mwKZ Ges KvhKi chyw me mgqB eqej| KvhKi chyw eenvi Ki evsjv`k hw` MxYnvDR Mvm wbMgb nvm
KiZ Pvq Ze h AwZwi eqi cqvRb ne Zv AvRvwZK Avw_K eevi gvag c`vb bv Kij evsjv`k Zv KiZ cvie bv|
myZivs chyw msMni Rb AwZwi A_ AwfhvRbi gZvB Aby`vb AvKvi w`Z ne|

3.6

Rjevqy cwieZb msv AvRvwZK bxwZ-KvVvgv

3.6.1 Rjevqy cwieZbi Ici RvwZmsNi KgKvVvgv mb` (United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change UNFCCC)

evsjv`k Rjevqy cwieZb Uv dv (wewmwmwUGd) t

Rjevqy cwieZbi cfve mK wevbxiv ew`b _K mZKevYx c`vb Ki AvmjI wkvbZ abx `kjv Mvqi Rvi Zv A^xKvi
KiwQj| Rjevqy cwieZbi fqvenZv mK AvRvwZK gnj geagvb DMi cwZ 1988 mvj MwVZ nq BUviMfvgUvj
cvbj Ab KvBgU P (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change - IPCC)| GB cvbji 1990 mvj cKvwkZ c_g
cwZe`b fve DjL Kiv nq h, AevnZfve MxY nvDR Mvm wbMgY nvm Kiv me bv nj cw_exi cvKwZK wechq Aviv eo
hve| AvRvwZK chvq GB mgmvK gvKvejv Kivi Rb 1992 mvj evwRji wiI wW RwbivZ awix mjb BDbvBUW
bvkbm dgIhvK Kbfbkb Ab KvBgU P (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNFCCC) cwZv Kiv nq| cw_exi cvq mKj `kB cieZxZ GB Kbfbkb ^vi Ki|

evsjv`k Rjevqy cwieZb Uv dv (wewmwmwUGd) njv Ggb GKwU Znwej hv RbMYi Kii UvKvq Avg`i miKvi RvZxq evRU
_K eiv w`q Zix KiQ| 2008-09 A_eQii evRU 300 KvwU UvKv, 2009-10 A_eQi 400 KvwU UvKv, 2010-11 mvj
700 KvwU UvKv, 2011-12 A_eQi 700 KvwU UvKv Ges mekl 2012-13 A_eQi 400 KvwU, gvU 25k KvwU UvKv wewmwmwUGd
G `qv nqQ|

Kbfkbi AvIZvq wmv MnY Kiv nq h, mKj wkvbZ `k 2000 mvji ga Zv`i wbR wbR `ki MxY nvDR Mvm wbMgb
1990 mvjK wfw eQi ai Zvi PqI 5% Kwgq Avbe Ges Dbkxj `kmg~nK GB mgmv gvKvejvq Avw_K I KvwiMix mnvqZv
c`vb Kie|

eZgvb evsjv`k miKvi wbR^ A_vqb evsjv`k Rjevqy cwieZb Uv Znwej (wewmwmwUGd) Ges `vZv`i A_vqb evsjv`k
Rjevqy cwieZb mwnzZv Znwej (wewmwmAviGd) MVb KiQ|

wewmwmwUGd Gi AvIZvq miKvwi msv I GbwRI`i Rjevqy cwieZbi SzuwK gvKvejv Kivi Rb Znwej `qvi wmv bqv nq|
G ch 18wU miKvwi `i G dvi AvIZvq 44wU cK evevqb KiQ|

evsjv`k Rjevqy mwnzZv Znwej (wewmwmAviGd)t

Rjevqy cwieZbi wZ KvwUq IVvi Rb Avgv`i `kK hme `k mnvqZv KiZ Pvq Zv`i A_ wbq 2008 mvj GKwU Znwej
MVb Kiv nq| iZ GB Znweji bvg wQj, gvw Wvbvi Uv dv (GgwWwUGd)| cieZxZ GB bvg cwieZb Ki evsjv`k Rjevqy
mwnzZv Znwej (wewmwmAviGd) Kiv nq|
GB Znwej G ch BDivcxq BDwbqb, WbgvK, myBWb I hyivR gvU 878 KvwU UvKv c`vb KiQ| G Znwej _K DcKjxq
Aj 100wU NywYSo AvkqK` wbgvY I msvii D`vM Mnb Kiv nqQ|

ecvwK Znwejt
Rjevqy cwieZbi cfve gvKvejvq miKvi wewfb ecvwK msv _K QvU AvKvii Znwej msMn KiQ| hgb,
BDGbGdwmwmwm Gi Aaxb ^vbZ `kmg~ni Rb Znwej (Least Developed Country Fund - LDCF) _K eb
I cwiek gYvjq QvU AvKvii Grant Znwej msMn KiQ|
wekevsKi Rjevqy wewbqvM Znwej (Climate Investment Fund - CIF) _K evsjv`k miKvi Rjevqy NvZmwnzZvi
Rb cvBjU Kgm~wP (Pilot Programme for Climate Resilience - PPCR) bvgK Znwej FY wnmve wbq Rjevqy
NvZmwnzZvi Rb KkjMZ Kgm~wP (Strategicf Programme for Climate Resilience - SPCR) evevqb Ki|
RvwZmsN Dbqb Kgm~wP (BDGbwWwc)i bZZ evsjv`k miKvi mvweK `yhvM eevcbv Kgm~wP (Comprehensive
Disaster Management Programme - CDMP) bvgK GKwU cK evevqbi Rb GKwU ecvwK Grant wbqQ|
Rjevqy AwfhvRb Znwejt Gwkqvb Dbqb evsK (GwWwe) _K Rjevqy AwfhvRb welqK Znwej bqvi D`vM MnY Kiv
nqQ|
38 I nveyK

cieZxZ `Lv Mj h, mKj AxKvi iv Kiwb, MxY nvDR Mvmi wbMgb eoB PjQ| dj 1997 mvj Rvcvbi wKqvUv
kni mKj wkvbZ `kmg~n GKUv wbw` mgqmxgvi wfZi K KZvUv MxY nvDR Mvm Kgve Zv wbaviY Ki| GB Pzw wKqvUv
cUvKj (Kyoto Protocol - KP) bvg cwiwPZ| wKqvUv cUvKji gqv` wbaviY Kiv nqwQj 1997 _K 2012 mvj ch Ges
wKqvUv cUvKj hyiv ^vi Kiv nZ weiZ wQj|
2007 mvj B`vwbqvi evwj xc mKj m`m mg^q AbywZ nq BDGbGdwmwmwm Kbfkbi 13Zg Kbdvi Ae cvwUR () A_vr
13Zg eVK Ges wKqvUv cUvKji m`m `ki mg^q ZZxq wgwUs Ae cvwUR ()| GB mjb mKj m`m iv evwj KgcwiKbv
(Bali Plan of Action) MnY Ki| evwj KgcwiKbvq,
2012 mvj cieZx c`c wbq m`m `kjvi ga GKwU AvjvPbvi m~cvZ KiQ Ges 2009 mvji ga GKwU
AvjvPbv mgv Kivi wmv wbqQ|
AvjvPbv cwiPvjbvi Rb AvW nK IqvwKs Mc Ab js Uvg KvAcviwUf AvKkb MVb KiQ|
AwfhvRb Znwej Pvjy Kivi NvlYv w`qQ|
AvjvPbvi welq I cwiwa wbaviY KiQ, hvi ga iqQ - K) wgwUMkb, L) AvWUkb, M) chyw Dbqb I nvi Ges
N) wewbqvM I A_vqb|
2009 mvj WbgvKi KvcbnMb AbywZ 15Zg Kbdvi Ae cvwUR (Conference of Parties - COP) G mKj `ki
mwZZ hvZ GKwU MnYhvM AvRvwZK Pzw ^vwiZ nq, m j evwj KgcwiKbv cYqb Kiv nqwQj| 2009 mvj
KvcbnMb AbywZ 15Zg Kbdvi Ae cvwUR (COP 15) G evsjv`k cw_exi mePq Rjevqy SzuwKi wec`vcb iv wnmve wPwZ
nqwQj| wK D mjb _K Rjevqy Znwej MVb Kivi GKwU NvlYv Qvov Zgb Kvb AMMwZ cvIqv hvq wb|
2010 mvj gwKvi KvbKzb AbywZ 16Zg Kbdvi Ae cvwUR (COP 16)G evsjv`kmn cw_exi mKj Rjevqy cwieZbRwbZ
AMZv evPZ`i welq AvjvPbv Kivi wmv MnY Kiv nq| mBmv_ MxY KvBgU dv MVb Kivi wmvI MnY Kiv nq|
nveyK I 39

2011 mvj `wY AvwdKvi Wvievb AbywZ 17Zg Kbdvi Ae cvwUR (COP 17) G bivkRbK fve wmv bqv nq h, 2020
mvj ch MxY nvDR Mvm wbMgb wKfve Kgvbv ne, m welq Avjvc AvjvPbv Pje, A_vr 2020 mvj ch MxY nvDR Mvm wbMgb
Kgvbvi Kvb D`vM MnY Kiv ne bv|
1992 mvj evwRj AbywZ awix mjbi 20 eQi ci mjbi AMMwZ chvjvPbvi j 2012 mvji Ryb gvm evwRji wiI
wW RwbivZ cybivq AbywZ nq wiI cvm 20 (Rio+ 20) mjb| GB mjb _KI bivkRbKfve Kvb AMMwZ cwijwZ
nqwb| eis Dvfve abx `kjv MxY KvBgU dv, KvBgU BbfgU dv MVb Kivi gvag Rjevqy cwieZbi AwfNvZ
gvKvejvi Kkjjv evevqbi wKfve evwYwRK myweav Av`vq Kiv hve, m welq KjvKkj LuyR ei KiZ Drmvnx nq
DVQ| Abw`K Dbqbkxj `kjv (bb-Avb `kmg~n) _K evwj KgcwiKbvi AvjvK Rjevqy cwieZbi AwfNvZ
gvKvejv Kivi Rb abxwek (Avb 1 fz `kmg~n ) Gi mv_ `iKlvKwl KiQ|
Rjevqy cwieZbi AvRvwZK bxwZ-KvVvgv ejZ Dbqbkxj `kmg~n (bb-Avb `kmg~n) GLb ch wKqvUv cUvKj Ges
evwj KgcwiKbvK mvgbi w`K Zzj aiQ| ZvB hKvb AvRvwZK mjb Dbqbkxj `k wnmve evsjv`k me`vB
wKqvUv cUvKj I evwj KgcwiKbvi wfwZ AvRvwZK chvq `iKlvKwl I mgSvZv Zixi KgKv AevnZ iLQ|

3.6.2 RvwZmsNi mnv Dbqb jgvv (Millennium Development Goals - MDGs)

RvwZmsNi mnv Dbqb jgvv (Millennium Development Goals - MDGs) ARbi Kkjmg~n m^i 2000 Gi
mnv Nvlbv g~jZt gvbylK wec`vcbZv _K gy Kivi AxKvi c`vb KiQ| mnv jgvvq 2015 mvji ga ARb Kivi
Rb wbv AvUwU jK wPwZ Kiv nqQt

UKmB Dbqbi Rb GKwU wewfbg~Lx Avc` gvKvwejvi Kkj MnY Kiv Ges `yhvMi fqvenZv I cv`yfve / cKvc nvm
Kiv;
RvZxq ivRbxwZi bxwZ I AMvwaKvii K` `yhvMi SuywKK vb `qv;
`yhvMi SzuwK nvmK RvZxq Dbqb KgKvi g~javivq Afz Kiv;
SuywK gvKvwejvq `yhvMceY `kjvi RvZxq mvg_K kwkvjx Kiv;
`yhvM SzuwK gvKvwejvi cwZZ chv cwigvY wewbqvM Kiv;
Avv RbMvxK `Z `yhvM gvKvwejvq mg Ki Mo ZzjZ mykxj mgvRK m Kiv;
KgKvVvgvi evevqbK Zivw^Z Kivi gvag GB wek mjbK MwZkxj Ki Zvjv|

3.6.4 `yhvM nvm AvRvwZK Kkj (International Strategy for Disaster Reduction)
`yhvM nvm AvRvwZK Kkji j njv cvKwZK Avc`, chywMZ I cwiekMZ `yhvMi KviY RbMvxi mvgvwRK, A_bwZK
I cwiekMZ wZ Kgvbvi cwiKbvi mv_ UKmB Dbqbi cqvRbxq Ask wnmve `Z `yhvMi wZ KvwUq DVZ cvi, Ggb
RbMvx Zix Kiv|
`yhvM nvm AvRvwZK Kkj mKji Rb `yhvM nvm KivZ PviwU Dki K_v ej| hgbt
SuywK, wec`vcbZv I `yhvM nvm mK aviYv jvf wekevwc RbMYi mPZbZv evovbv;
`yhvM nvm bxwZ Ges c`cmg~n evevqb KiZ RbcwZwbwai AxKvi wbwZ Kiv;
SzuwK nvm bUIqvK evovbvmn Avtckv Ges AvtLvZ Askx`vwiZ DrmvwnZ Kiv; Ges
`yhvM SuywK nvm mK evwbK vbi cwiwa evovbv Ges Dbqb NUvbv|

AwZ`vwi` I zavZ gvbyli msLv AaK Kwgq Avbv;

mveRbxb cv_wgK wkv ARb;
Rvi mgZvK DrmvwnZ Kiv Ges bvixi gZvqbK Zivw^Z Kiv;
wk gZznvi nvm Kiv;
gvZ^vi DbwZ Kiv;
GBPAvBwf / GBW&m, gvjwiqv I Abvb msvgK ivMmg~n cwZiva Kiv;
UKmB cwiek wbwZ Kiv; Ges
Dbqbi Rb wekevwc Aswk`vwiZ cwZv I mmviY Kiv|
Rjevqy cwieZbi AwfNvZ g~jZt mnv Dbqb jgvvi mejv jB Kg-ewk cfvweZ nq| mywbw`fve jgvvi 7 I 8 bs
jgvvwU mivmwi cwiek myiv I wek Askx`vwiZi mv_ mwKZ weavq, mnv Dbqb jgvv ARbi Kkjmg~nK cfvweZ
Kivi D`vM MnY Kivi gvag Rjevqy cwieZbRwbZ AwfNvZjv gvKvejv Kiv hvq|
mwZ GgwWwR cvm (MDGPlus ) bvgK mnv Dbqb jgvvi 2015 mvj cieZx Kgm~wP wbaviYi welq UKmB RxebhvvK
AMvwaKvi w`q AvjvPbv PjQ| Rjevqy cwieZbRwbZ AwfNvZjv gvKvejv Kivi j GgwWwR cvm Gi AvjvPbvK GwMq bqv
hZ cvi|

3.6.3 `yhvM nvm wekmjb (World Conference on Disaster Reduction)

RvwZmsNi mvavib cwil` `yhvM ckgbi Dci GKwU wek mjbi AvqvRb Ki, hv Rvcvbi Kve knii Mv bvg vb
18-20 Rvbyqvwi 2005 ZvwiL AbywZ nq| 1994 mvji BqvKvnvgv mjb nZ `yhvMi SuywK nvm `Zvi mv_ mb Kivi
AMMwZ ARbi Z_ msiY Kiv Ges cieZx `k eQii Rb KgcwiKbv MnYi Rb G mjbi AvqvRb Kiv nq|
G mjb _K `yhvM SuywK nvm Mv KgKvVvgv (2005-2015) cYqb Kiv nq Ges mjb DcwZ 164wUiI ewk `k GB
KgKvVvgvZ ^xKwZ c`vb Ki| GB KgKvVvgvK Hyogo Framework for Action - HFA ejv nq| KgKvVvgvZ ^viKvwi
`kmg~nK wbv AxKvi e KiZ Avnvb Rvbvbv nqt
40I nveyK

nveyK I 41

PZz_ Aavq
`yhvM SuywK eevcbv I Rjevqy AwfhvRb
4.1

`yhvM, Avc`, wec`vcbZv I SzuwK

`yhvM
cPwjZ gZt
`yhvM Ggb Kvb Pig NUbv ev cwiwwZ, hv gvbyl I Zvi cvwicvwkKZvK wZM Ki Ges ^vfvweK RxebavivK wec` Ki Ggb
chvq wbq hvq; hv wZM mgvRi c GKKfve gvKvejv Kiv Kmva ev wekl Ame nq co|
cKZc Kvb wechq ZLbB `yhvM cwiYZ nq, hLb Kvb wbw Rbc`i ewki fvM gvbyli wec`vcbZvi gvv AbK ewk _vK
Ges gbylm KviYI wechqi evw I gvv ew cvq| A_vr `yhvM nQ wechqi mv_ wec`vcbZvi wYZK mwjb|
hgb GKwU N~wbSo ev KvjekvLx ev kZcevn hLb Kvb wbw Rbc`i Dci w`q cevwnZ nq ZLb cvKwZK wechqwU H Rbc`i
`wi` RbMYi wbKUB cavbZ `yhvM wnmve Avwef~Z nq| Kbbv, `yhvM g~jZt wec`vcbZv _K Drcw jvf Ki Ges `wi` gvbylivB
wec`vcb Aevq emevm Ki Ges H wechqwU `wi` gvbyli KvQ `yhvM wnmve Avwef~Z nq| cKZc `vwi` I wec`vcbZv
cvkvcvwk Aevb Ki| Aviv DjL h, hKvb cvKwZK wechq hw` iv I mgvR KZK h_vh_ Dcvq gvKvejv Kiv bv nq, Zvnj
H cvKwZK wechqwU bZzb GKwU `yhvM mw KiZ cvi|
A_vr `yhvM nQt

Avc` X wec`vcbZv (Avc` X `vwi`) = `yhvM

Dciv mgxKiYi A_ GB h, cKwZZ weivRgvb bvbv aiYi Avc`i mv_ hLb wec`vcb gvbyl wYZK mwjb nq ZLbB m
`yhvM Avv ej weewPZ ne|
Avc`, hgb UbWvi evqycevn wKsev b`xi cvwbcevn nvm ev e Kiv hvq bv| wK gvbyli wec`vcbZv nvm Kiv hvq, GgbwK Zv k~bi
KvUvqI bvwgq Avbv hvq| m mgxKiYwU ne wbict
Avc` X 0 wec`vcbZv = aygv Avc`, `yhvM bq| MwYZi fvlvq: 1 X 0 = 0 A_vr hw` wec`vcbZv k~Yi KvUvq Avbv hvq, Zvnj
`yhvM _vKe bv|
`yhvMi aiYt
`yhvM cavbZ `yaiYi nZ cvi, hgb cvKwZK I
gvbem|
cvKwZK `yhvM njv cKwZ c`, hLvb gvbyli
Kvb nvZ _vK bv|
gvbem `yhvM hv gvbyl wewfb mgq wewfbfve
NwUq _vK|
42 I nveyK

Avc`
Avc` ejZ Avgiv `yhvMi mvebv I AvksKvi K_v eywS| A_vr h mKj NUbv Avgv`i Rxeb, RxweKv I cwiekK wZM GgbwK
GKevi ask Ki w`Z cvi Zv nQ Avc`| Avc`K BsiRxZ ejv nq nvRvW| Avc`jvi KvbUv cvKwZKfve nq, Avevi
KvbUv gvbem| gvbem NUbvjvi ga nQ cvwb `ylY, evqy `ylY, k `ylY, Kj-KviLvbv, weviY, AmveavbZvRwbZ AwMKv,
ivmvqwbK welwqv, f~wg`ylY, hy, mvm BZvw`| GUv eySZ ne h, Avc` gvbB `yhvM bq| Avc` njv `yhvMi AvksKv gv,
Avc` `yhvMi Drm| h Kvb Avcb we`gvb wecbZvi msk `yhvMi SuywK wnmve `Lv w`Z cvi|

wec`vbZv
wec`vcbZv nQ RbMvxi Rb KZwj AvksKvRbK Dcv`vb ev cwiwwZ hv nZ cvi A_bwZK, mvgvwRK, ivRbwZK wKsev
fMwjK| Avevi GKB mv_ GjvK cwZiva Kiv ev gvKvejv Kivq hLb RbMvx Amg_| myZivs wecbZvi `ywU w`K iqQ;
GKw`K Zv BwZga weivRgvb AvksKvRbK cwiwwZ, Abw`K we`gvb cwiwwZ gvKvejvq RbMvxi AfixY `yejZv, A`Zv
I mxgveZv|
D`vniY ^ic DjL Kiv hvq, h me jvK bxPz RwgZ evm Ki, ebvv nIqvi Zviv DuPz RwgZ emevmKvwi`i Pq ewk
wecb| cKZc wec`vcbZv wewfb welqi Dci wbfi Ki| hgb, mgvRi wewfb ii jvKRbi eqm I ^vi Aev, vbxq
cwiek I cwiQbZvi Aev, evox Ni, febjvi YvY I Aev, `vwi`, wj, KvRi myhvM, `wnK AgZv BZvw`| Kg Avqi
jvKjv knii mePq SuywKc~Y RvqMvjvZ emevm Ki KviY Zv`i wbivc` (I eqej) RvqMvq emevmi mvg_ bB| GK
ejv nq A_bwZK wec`vcbZv|
wec`vcbZvi bvbvic _vKZ cvi| wewfb RbMvx ev ew GKB `yhvM mgvbfve wecb bvI nZ cvi| wfb wfb gvbyl wbw Kvb
wechq wKsev msKU wfb wfb gvvq wecb nq| NbNb ev fqven gvvi `yhvMi Rb bq, wKQz wKQz cwievii Rxeb I RxweKv GZvUvB
wbivcvnxb I fyi h, GgbwK GKwU ^gvvi `yhvMI Zv`i KvQ fqven wechq wnmve `Lv w`Z cvi| cKZc GUv wbfi
Ki `yhvMi gyLvgywL nIqvi gvv, AwfZv Ges cwiwwZ KvwUq IVvi `Zv ev mvg_i Dci|

mevwaK wec`vcb mi
evsjv`ki `wi` KlK, Rj, bMi `wi` Z_v ewevwm, Avw`evmx m`vq, bvix, e, wk Ges cwZex RbMvxK mvavibZ mevwaK
wec`vcb RbMvx wnmve MY Kiv nq| RbMvxi GB wec`vcb GB AskKB RbAskMnY wfwK `yhvM SuywK eevcbv Kgm~wPi
(wmwewWAviGg) cavb Kzkjx ev Askx`vi wnmve MY Kiv nq| RbMvxi GB wec`vcb AskK SuywKi myLxb ejI AwfwnZ Kiv
nq| RbMvxi GB Ask `vwi`mxgvi bxP evm Ki Ges hKvb aiYi Avc` gvKvejvq GB RbMvxi mvg_ LyeB Kg| dj
hKvb Avc`B Zv`i wbKU `yhvM wnmve Avwef~Z nq Ges Zv`i wec`vcbZv ew cvq, hv Zv`iK fwelZ Avc` gvKvejvq Aviv
AwaKZi wec`vcb Ki Zvj|

AcvKZ Kg wec`vcb mi
h Kvb RbMvxi AcvKZ Kg wec`vcb mi ejZ H AskK evSvq h Ask ev hviv h Kvb Avc` gvKvejv Ges `yhvMi
ci qwZ KvwUq IVvi RbMvxi mevwaK wec`vcb Aski Pq Zzjbvg~jKfve ewk mvg_ iqQ| AcvKZ Kg
wec`vcb mi Gi Afz nQt wkK, mweKv, cwkwZ `vB, z` eemvqx, cjx wPwKrmK, eMvPvlx BZvw`|

wec`vcbZv weklY cavb weeP welq mg~n

`yhvM eevcbvq wecbZv weklY LyeB iZc~Y| GB weklYi h welqjv weklfve weePbv KiZ nq, mjv wbict
fMwjK Aev
cwieki Aev
AeKvVvgvMZ / fZ Aev
Av_-mvgvwRK Aev
` / A` Rbkw / Rbej
mev c`vbKvwi cwZvb ev eev mg~n
bvix-cyil mgZv I wewfbZv
AvPiYMZ / AfvmMZ Aev
nveyK I 43

AeKvVvgvMZ ev fZ Aev
AeKvVvgvMZ ev fZ Aev Avevi 3wU w`K weklY wbZ nq| Gjv njvt
hvZvqvZ I cwienY eev t ivv, moK, ijc_, mZz, wegvbe`i, be`i BZvw`|
mevLvZ mg~nt cvwb mieivn, cqtwbvkb eev, Mvm I we`yr mieivn eev BZvw`|
hvMvhvM myweavw`t Uwjdvb, Uj, BUvibU BZvw`|

`yhvMc~Y NUbv
Avc` / `yhMi
m^vebv / AvksKv

AeKvVvgvMZ Aev weklY evwoNi/ feb, Mvg I knii vcbvmg~n, vei m`, dmj, meRx, MncvwjZ c I cvwL, grm m`
web nIqvi AvskKv weePbv KiZ ne|

Av_-mvgvwRK Aev
Av_-mvgvwRK Aev weklb h mvgvwRK Aevjv weePbvq wbZ nq, Zv wbict
RbMvxi mevwaK wec`vcb Ask
RbMvxi ckv I Avqi Drm
`vwi`i aiY I cKvif`
SuywK msv aviYv / Dcjw
vbxq chvq `yhvM eevcbvi cwZvbmg~n
h RbMvxi RxweKv SuywKc~Y, SzuwKc~Y cwiek KgiZ, hv`i SzuwK msv aviYvi Afve Ges `yhvM eevcbvi Kvb cvwZvwbK
KvVvgv bB, ZvK ejv nq Av_ mvgvwRK mevwaK SuywKc~Y|

djvdj =

`yhvMi
SzuwK

SzuwK cwibZ nq

cvKwZK / gvbem
`~hvM- G

wecbZv t RbMvxi,
we`gvb Av_ mvgvwRK
fMwjK cwiwwZ

D`vniY ^ic, AwZwi MvQ KvUvi dj gvwU AiwZ nq co| dj gvwU ask ev cvnvo aski gZv NUbv NUZ cvi| Avevi e
ivcYi gvag f~wgask ev Liv cwZiva Kiv hvq| SuywKc~Y vb Nievwo Zix ev Nievwo Zixi wUc~Y wbgvYkjx `yhvMi SuywK
evovq| Avevi Kvb GjvKvi jvKRb hw` `yhvM mK mRvM _vK Ges Zviv hw` Zv gvKvejvq msMwVZ _vK, Ze SuywKi gvv
AbK Kg Avm| myZivs Kvb `yhvMi ZxeZv iva I wbew RbMYi mPZbZv, `Zv I HKe mvg_i Dci wbfikxj| AZGe
SuywK eevcbv GKwU c~Y mgxKiY Avgiv wbic cKvk KiZ cvwit

cwiekMZ Aev weePbv

e wbab, fMf cvwb `ylb, evqy `ylY, cvKwZK ebvj wbab, wekevwc Rjevqy cwieZb BZvw`|

ZxeZv evoj / ew cj

SzuwK =

Avc` X wecbZv
RbMvxi mPZbZv, `Zv I mvg_ ew

= `yhvMi cwZiva wbew

SzuwK
GKKfve wec`vcbZv ev Avc` Lye fqven nq bv| Ze, GB `yqi hyMcr KviY SuywKi mvebv ZivwYZ nq, Avc`wU ZLb cwibZ nq
`yhvM| myZivs Kvb `yhvMi SuywKK wbic mgxKiY cKvk Kiv hvqt

`yhvMi SuywK = Avc` X wecbZv

A_vr `yhvMi mvebv ev AvksKv A_vr Avc` wec`vcb cwiwwZi msk `yhvMi SuywK wnmve `Lv `q| SuywK Kgvbv ev wbqY
Kiv me| hw` Avgiv Avgv`i Pbv Avc` wji KviY DzZ wecbZv I qwZ Kwgq Avbvi evcvi mPZb _vwK Ges cwieki
cwZ hZkxj nB, Ze `yhvM cwiYZ nIqvi AvMB Avc` mg~nK fvjfve gvKvejv KiZ cviev| Avevi GB SuywK mwVKfve
gvKvejv Kiv bv Mj fqven `yhvMi Kej wbw nZ cvi evcK GjvKv, RbMvx I Zv`i m`|
Kvb N~wYSo ev nvwiKbi gZv Zxe So hLb mgy` AvNvZ nvb, ZLwb ZvK `yhvM wnmve weePbv Kiv nq bv| wK GwU hLb
DcK~jxq GjvKvq AvNvZ nb AiwZ I AcZ DcK~jevwmi AeYbxq wZi KviY nq Ges RbRxeb APjvevi mw Ki ZLbB
ZvK cvKwZK `yhvM ejv nq|
wbi QKwUZ Avc`, wec`vcbZv, SuywK I `yhvMi GKwU cviwiK mK j Kiv hvqt
myZivs Dchy `yhvM gvKvejv KiZ Mj g~jZt cqvRb `yhvMi SuywK eevcbvi KvR| SuywK eevcbv `yhvM cwZiva Ki Ges
`yhvMi wbew NUvq| Avgiv BQ KijI cvKwZK `yhvM e KiZ cvwi bv| Ze `yhvM wZ ev wec`vcbZv Kgvbvi Rb bvbv
iKg AvMvg c`c wbZ cvwi| Avevi GKwU NUbvK `yhvM cwiYZ nIqv _K weiZ ivLZI Avgiv wewfb AvMvg c`c MnY
KiZ cvwi|

44 I nveyK

DjL, SuywK eevcbv wwZkxj Dbqb KgKvK mnvqZv c`vb Ki| wewfb i `yhvM SuywKmg~nK wZbfvM fvM Kiv hvqt
1.
fZ ev AeKvVvgvMZ SuywK
2.
mvgvwRK SuywK
3.
A_bwZK SzuwK

fZ ev AeKvVvgvMZ SzuwKi mg~n

Nievwo, `vjvb-KvUv, ivvNvU, moK, mZz, ijc_ BZvw`| RbiZc~Y vcbv hgb we`yrK`, Lv``vg, wegvbe`i,
wk-KjKviLvbv BZvw`| Kwl cvwb mieivn vcbv, cv kb, myuBP MU, ebv cwZiv euva BZvw`|

mvgvwRK SzuwKi mg~n

wec`vcb RbMvx, kYx I ckvi gvbyl, hgb e, gwnjv, wk, cwZex BZvw`| RxebaviYi Dcvq I DcKiYmg~n, hgb
Kgmsvbi Dcvq, ckv I Avqi Drmmg~n| GQvovI emevmi cwiek, SuywK I `vwi`i mK msv `wfw, `yhvM eevcbvq
wbqvwRZ cwZvb, ^Qvmex I mevagx D`vMmg~n|

A_bwZK SzuwKi Zmg~n

A_bwZK SzuwKi mg~nK Avevi `yBfvM fvM Kiv nq| cwigvchvM ev `kgvb wZ Ges civ ev h wZ cZfve cwigvc
Kiv hvq bv|
cwigvchvM ev `kgvb wZjvK A_bwZKfve cwigvc Kiv hvq| cwigvchvM ev `kgvb wZjvK Avevi `yBfvM fvM Kiv
hvq, hgb cZ wZ I civ wZ| cZ wZjv njv, miKvwi febi wZ ev ask, emZwfUvi wZ, dmjnvwb, m`nvwb,
ccvwL ev Mi-QvMji wZ, grm m`nvwb, wewfb aiYi AeKvVvgvi qwZ BZvw`| civ wZi ga iqQ, w`bgRyii
KvR bv cvIqv, eemv-evwYRi wZ, Riwi vY I cybevmb eq, Drcv`b DcKiYi wZ, msvi I cwZvcbi eq BZvw`|
nveyK I 45

hmKj wZ cZfve ev myfve cwigvc Kiv hvq bv, mjv njvt AmyZv, ^vnvwb, cywnxbZv, gy`vxwZ, g~jew, nZvkv,
gbvwZK bivk BZvw`|
ewki w`K _K `yhvM SzuwKmg~nK wbi KqKwU fvM fvM Kiv nqt
1.
RbiZc~Y vcbvi wZ;
2.
Drcv`b eevi wZi SzuwK;
3.
ewMZ evwoNii wZi SuywK;
4.
ewMZ / cvwievwiK m`nvwbi SuywK;
5.
gZzi SuywK ev AvnZ nIqvi SuywK|

SuywK wbicb
SuywK wbicb nQ Ggb GK cwZ hvi gvag mve Avc`i mvebv, cKwZ I wevi wbicb Kiv hvq| GB cwZZ wec`vcbZvi
eZgvb cKwZI wbicb Kiv hvq, hv mve Avc`i mvebv mKI aviYv `q; wec`vcb RbMvxi Rxeb, m`, cwieki Dci
mve Avc` KZUzKz cfve mw KiZ mg, SuywK wbicb Ggb aviYvI mw KiZ mg|

4.2

GKwU RbAskMnY wfwK `yhvM SuywK eevcbvi bvbv w`K iqQ| GB cwqv bvbv Dcv`vbi GKwU mgw^Z ic ev KvVvgv| SuywKi
^ic weklY GB cwqvi K` ev PvwjKv kw| GB cwqvi GKw`K SuywKi gvv I ZxeZvi ^ic, Abw`K _vK SuywK nvmKiY
RbMYi cwZ, mPZbZv, `Zv I mvg_i welqwj| `yhvM eevcbvi GKwU mgw^Z ic wbv QK cKvk Kiv hvqt
we`gvb wecbZv
I mvg_ weklb

Riix vb I cybvmb
_K cv Z_vw`

RbMvxi mPZbZv ew

SzuwKi ^ic weklb

(Risk Analysis)

RbAskMnY wfwK `yhvM SuywK eevcbv

Community Based Disaster Management CBDRM

`yhvM SuywK eevcbv ejZ Ggb GK wbqge cwqv eySvq, hv cvKwZK Avc` Ges mswk cwiekMZ I chywMZ `yhvMi cfve
nvm ckvmwbK c`c, Acvikbvj `Zv, bxwZgvjv cqvMi mgZv I Kkj, mgvR I RbMvxi Lvc LvIqvbvi Kkj
KvhKiic eenvi Kiv nq|

Avc` weklb
I
cixexb

AvMvg / c~e
mZKxKib

eveagx c`c Mnb t

* cwZ, cwZKvi
* AvMvg mZKxKiY eev Mnb
* cwiek eevcbv
* fwg eenvi cwiKbv Mnb
* mnhvwMZv, HKeZv mw
* A_vqb / Avw_K mnhvwMZv
* `vwi` nvmKiY

eRbMvxi `Zv ew bxwZ wbaviY,

AvBb cbqb, RbMbi Rb Dbqb
cwiKbv

RbAskMnY wfwK `yhvM eevcbvi Dk nQ, wec`vcb gvbyli `yhvM SuywK nvm Ges Zv`i mgZv ew Kiv, hb `yhvM SzuwK
KewjZ gvbyl hKvb `yhvMi cfve nvm ev gvKvejv Ki DzZ cwiwwZK wbR`i AbyK~j wbq AvmZ mg nq|
GB Kgm~wPi cavb cavb w`Kjv nQt
Bnv `yhvM gvKvejvq gvbyli we`gvb mgZvK weePbv Ki Ges Zv kwkvjx Kivi D`vM MnY Ki|
GB Kgm~wP gvbyli wec`vcbZvi gwjK KviY Abymvb Ki|
GB Kgm~wP `yhvM eevcbvq gvbyli AskMnY wbwZ Kivi D`vM MnY Ki|
GB Kgm~wP `yhvM gvKvejvq ZYg~j chvq RbmsMVb ZixZ D`vM bq|
`yhvM eevcbv I Dbqb Kvhg GB Kgm~wP RbMYi mePq wec`vcb Aski mv_ AcvKZ Kg wec`vcb Aski
Askx`vwiZ cwZvi D`vM MnY Ki|
GwU Ggb GKwU cwqv hvZ `yhvM SzuwKc~Y I wec`vcb RbMvx `yhvMi AvksKv I SuywKjv wPwZ I weklY Ki mwVK c`c
wbZ cvi, hvi gvag GKw`K hgb Zv`i `yhvMi SzuwK nvm cvq Avevi `yhvMi SzuwK gvKvejvq Zv`i mvg_I ew cvq| GB
cwqvi mePq iZc~Y w`K njv, GB Kgm~wPi wewfb i wmv bqvi RbMvxi weklZ wec`vcb RbMvxi mwq
AskMnY wbwZ Kiv nq, Abw`K AcvKZ Kg SuywKc~Y RbMvxi mg_b I mnhvwMZv Av`vq Kiv nq| aygv ZYg~j RbMvx
bq, GB cwqvi cyiv mdjZv jvfi Rb miKvi I vbxq chvqi wewfb cwZwbwa`i AskMnYI wbwZ Kiv nq|
RbAskMnY wfwK `yhvM SuywK eevcbvi j nQ, `yhvM mnbxq `k `yhvM mnbxq cwiek `yhvM mnbxq RbMvxi ga
`yhvMK mdjfve cwZiva KiZ cvi Ggb RbMY Zix Kiv| wbv msKU gvKvejvi gvag Zv ARb Kiv met
SzuwK nvm Kivi Dchy eev Mnbi gvag Avc` cwZiva e_Zvi mvebv Kwgq;
msKU ev SuywKi djvdj Kwgq Gb A_vr ^ msLK cvYnvwb, mvgvb AvNvZcvw, cZ I civ qwZ nvm Kivi
gvag;
cybevmb ev c~bMVb cjw^Z mgq Kwgq;
wec`vcbZvi aiY cv w`q, hv c~bMVY cwqvi ga w`q mw nZ cvi|
46 I nveyK

SzuwK eevcbvi cavb 3wU

SzuwK eevcbv / `yhvM SuywK nvmKiY eveagx I h_vchy cwiKbv cYqY
RbMYi `Zv ew (`yhvM nvmKiY I cwZiva)
`yhvM SzuwK eevcbv welq RbMYi mPZbZv ew|
SuywK eevcbvi Rb RbMvx evQvB Kivi h welqjv weePbv KiZ net
mevwaK SuywKc~Y RbMvx
SzuwK eevcbvq hviv / RbMvxi h Ask mePq ewk DcKZ ne
SuywK eevcbv Kgm~wPZ RwoZ nIqvi Rb RbMvxi cwZ|

4.3 `yhvM SzuwK eevcbvt cwZiva, ckgb I cwZ

cwZiva ev wcfbkb
`yhvM cwZiva ejZ mB Kvhgi mgwK eySvq hv GKwU wbw GjvKvq wewfb aiYi Avc`i bwZevPK cfve mw KiZ
evav `q Ges cwiekMZ, KvwiMix Ges RweK `yhvMi cfve nvm Ki|
mvgvwRK I KvwiMix mveZvi Dci wbfi Ki Ges eq I myweav weePbvq hKvb `yhvMceY GjvKvq cwZivag~jK Kvhgi
wewbqvM Gi hwKZv wbaviY Kiv hvq| RbMYi mPZbZv Ges wkv, `yhvM SuywK nvmi cwieZbkxj GwUPyW Ges AvPiYK H
RbMvxi ga `yhvM SuywK nvmi mswZ Mo Zvj|

nveyK I 47

ckgb ev wgwUMkb

3q chvqt `yhvMi ci cwieZb I Lvc LvIqvbvi (`xNgqv`x c~bevmb) chvq

wgwUMkb ejZ mBme Kvhgi mgwK eySvq hv cvKwZK Avc`, cwiekMZ wechq Ges chywMZ Avc` _K DzZ cwZK~j
cfve `yi KiZ mnvqK|

`yhvM msNwUZ nIqvi ci cwZivai aiY ev ewkt

Ggb GKwU RbwfwK c~YMVb cwiKbv Zix Kiv cqvRb hv mvgvwRK, AeKvVvgvMZ, A_bwZK I cwiekMZ cybevmb
aviYvK mgw^Z Ki;
Avqi mve LvZ mwi `wfw _K Ges wkYxq AwfZvi AvjvK AeKvVvgvMZ cybMVb cwqvK `Lv cqvRb;
RbMY hvZ Lvc LvBq wbZ cvi, Ggb eev MnY;
vbxq chvqi A_bxwZ cybixebi Rb hveZxq KbvKvUv (cybevmbi Rb) vbxq evRvi _K Kiv DwPZ;
`yhvM gvKvejvq cZ RbMvxK g~jvqY Kiv DwPZ, hvZ cybMVb ev cybevmbi Rb wK wK KiZ ne, Zv Zviv
wbRivB wmv wbZ cvi;
cybevmbK GwMq bqvi mv_ mv_ fwelZ wecbZvK Kwgq Avbvi c`c MnY Kiv DwPZ|

cwZ
cwZ ejZ mB mg Kvhgi mgwK eySvq hv wec`vcb RbMvxi SuywK nvm mnvqK nq| G aiYi Kvhg `yhvM SzuwK ceY
GjvKvi gvbyl Ges cwZvb `yhvMi c~eB MnY Ki _vK| cwZg~jK Kvhgi ga AvMvg mZKxKiY, gvbe I m` mwiq
bqvi (BfvKzqkb) cwiKbv, m` mgvek I msiY, cvwievwiK cwZ, mvsMVwbK I cvwZvwbK cwZ Ges mswk bxwZgvjv
cYqb, `yhvM cwZ gnov, cwkY I mPZbZvg~jK Kvhg DjLhvM|

4.4

`yhvM gvKvejvq cZ RbMvx ev wccqvW KwgDwbwU

`yhvM gvKvejvq cZ RbMvx ev wccqvW KwgDwbwU ejZ Avgiv mB RbMvxK eywS, hv`i ga Ggb wKQz ewk we`gvb
_vK, hvi dj h Kvb `yhvM Zv`i mvov `qvi mgZv AbK ewk _vK Ges Zviv qwZi cwigvY KgvZ mg_ nq|
UNISDR Gi gZ, GKwU `yhvM cwZivag RbMvx ZvKB ejv hvq, hvi wbv 3wU mywbw` `Zv ev mvg_ iqQt
1gt Avc`RwbZ cfvei ZxeZv nvm Kivi `Zv, hvZ Avc`jv `yhvM cwiYZ bv nq (e_Zvi mvebv Kwgq Avbv;
2qt `yhvMKvjxb I `yhvM cieZx cwiwwZ `fve gvKvwejvi mvg_ (e_Zvi djvdj Kwgq Avbv);
3qt `yhvM cieZx mgq cwieZb I Lvc LvIqvbvi mvg_ (&GBfve cybevmb I wecbZvi aiY cvvbvi Rb mgq Kwgq Avbv)|

4.5

UNISDR _K Avgiv RbwQ, `yhvM gvKvwejvq cZ RbMvxi wK wK ewk _vKv cqvRb| ewkjv ARbi Rb GKwU
KwgDwbwUi wbiwewQb cPvi Ask wnmve SuywK eevcbvi mywbw` I mgw^Z Kvhg _vKv evbxq, hv vbxq RbMvxK gv^q
SuywK eevcbvq mg Ki Zvj| vbxq RbMvx mvavibZ Zv`i wK aiYi Kvhg MnY Kiv DwPZ, Zv Zviv wbRivB wVK Ki
bq; Ze evsjv`ki Rb `yhvM SzuwK eevcbvq wbv Kvhgjv `yhvM gvKvwejvq vbxq RbMvxK gv^q `yhvM
eevcbvq ` Ki Zvjt
wgK

1g chvq t `yhvM-c~e eev

Avc`RwbZ cfvei ZxeZv nvm Kivi `Zv, hvZ Avc`jv `yhvM cwiYZ bv nq

`yhvM gvKvwejvq cZ RbMvxi Kvhvejxi ZvwjKv ev PKwj

cwZ m~PK ev ewk

`yhvM SuywK mK
MYmPbZv

GB chvq Ggb c_ LuyR ei KiZ ne, hvZ RbMvx kwkvjx I mvnmx _vK Ges `yhvMi djvdj I cfve mK Kg
AvZswKZ _vK|
Avc`RwbZ cfvei ZxeZv nvm Kivi Dcvq ev `yhvM msMwVZ nIqvi AvM hme c`c MnY Avc`RwbZ cfvei ZxeZv nvm
Ki, mjv wb Zzj aiv njvt
HwZnMZ AwfZv I mg vbK KvR jvwMq (`yhvM Lvc LvIqvbvi Kkj);
Riwi cwiwwZ gvKvejv mvgMx gRy` Mo Zvjvi gvag mve `yhvM gvKvejvi Rb Zix nq;
cvwievwiK I Mvxe `yhvM cwiKbv Ges Lvc LvIqvbvi bvbv aiYi eenvwiK Kkj Aej^b Ki, hgb evwoNi
gReyZ Ki, `iRv-Rvbvjv `gKv-Sov nvIqv _K ivi Rb gReyZ Kiv BZvw`;
cv_wgK wPwKrmv msv welq cwkbi eev Ki;
fqven N~wYSo ev ebv msNwUZ nIqvi AvMB RbMvxK Avqxfve wbivc` Avkq mwiq bqvi gvag;
Awbivc` I wbivcvnxb vbjv _K mwiq SuywKc~Y RbMvxi vqx Avevmbi eev MnY Kivi gvag|

Dk
`yhvM msv c_vMZ Kzmsvi `yi
Kiv Ges `yhvM mK mPZbZv
evovbvi gvag RbMvxi ga
`yhvM cwZ I mgZv evovbv

48 I nveyK

mPZbZvi welq wbaviY;

Awf RbMvx wbaviY;
mPZbZv c`vb cwqv (cwkY, IwiqUkb, mfv,
DVvbeVK BZvw`);
mPZbZv welqK DcKiY (wjdjU, cvvi, wejevW
BZvw`) Dbqb, weZiY I cPvi

`yhvM SzuwK eevcbv

cwkY cwiPvjbv

RbMvxi `yhvM SuywK mbvKiY,

weklY I eevcbv msv mgZv
ew Kiv

Awf RbMvx (cwkYv_x) wbevPb;

cwkK wbevPb;
gvbyqvj ev gwWDj Ges mkb cwiKbv cYqb;
wbavwiZ mgq I vb cwkY AvqvRb

RxweKv Dbqb cwkY

`wi` wec`vcb RbMvxi A_bwZK

wec`vcbZvK nvm Kiv Ges Rxeb I
RxweKvi gvb Dbqb Kiv

Awf RbMvx (cwkYv_x) wbevPb;

cwkK wbevPb;
gvbyqvj ev gwWDj Ges mkb cwiKbv cYqb;
wbavwiZ mgq I vb cwkY AvqvRb

`yhvM eevcbv KwgwU

MVb

`yhvM c~e cwZ I `yhvM eevcbvi

Rb cvwZvwbK KvVvgv Zix Kiv
Ges `yhvM SuywK nvm Kiv

RbMvxi mwq AskMnbi gvag cwZwbwaZkxj `yhvM

eevcbv KwgwU MVb;
`yhvM eevcbv KwgwUi `vwqZ I KZe wbaviY;
wbqwgZ mfv AbywZ Kiv I wmv evevqb Kiv;
`yhvM SzuwK gvKvwejvq cwZ I mwq AskMnY

`yhvM-c~e, `yhvMKvjxbI `yhvM

cieZx mgq cwZ, mZKZv,
Abymvb, Dvi, vb I cybevmb
Kvhg AskMnY

Kvhg mwq AskMnbi gvag ^Qvmex `j MVb;

`ji `vwqZ I KZe wbaviY;
wbw mgq Ai (1 eQi) `ji m`m ZvwjKv bevqb;
`ji m`m`i Rb cwkY AvqvRb;
`yhvM cwZ I eevcbvq mwq AskMnY

2q chvqt `yhvMKvjxb I `yhvM cieZx cwiwwZ `fve gvKvejvi mvg_

`yhvMKvj ev `yhvM cieZx mgq cwZivai aiY ev ewkt `yhvM Kvj I `yhvM cieZx mgq RbMvx Lvc LvIqvq hfvet
Zv`i RbMvxi mvg_i Dci wbfi Ki;
eZgvb Zv`i wK AvQ Avi wK bB, mB wnmve weePbvq wbq;
mvnvh weZiYi Rb hvMvhvM eev c~btvcb Ki;
fwelZ SuywK (gbvwK I Abvb SzuwKmn) ckwgZ Ki;
fZ cybevmb mve Avqi Drm Zixi gvag;
MvUv AwfZvK GKwU wkbxq cwqv wnmve ^xKvi Ki wbq|

evevqb cwqv

^Qvmex `j MVb

nveyK I 49

wgK
6

cwZ m~PK ev ewk

RbMvxi ga ` gvbe m`
mw Kiv hvZ mswk wec`vcbZv I
SuywK nvm Kiv Ges Rxeb I
RxweKvi gvb Dbqb Kiv

` gvbem`

evevqb cwqv

Dk
-

mZKZv, Abymvb, Dvi,

cv_wgK wPwKrmv `j

AvMvg msKZ, mZKZv I

Dvi mivg

RbMvxi mv_ AvjvPbv Ki cwkYv_x wbevPb (P GRU);

cwkK wbevPb;
gvbyqvj ev gwWDj Ges mkb cwiKbv cYqb;
wbavwiZ mgq I vb cwkY AvqvRb
cwkwZ P GRU KZK wbw mev c`vb I Abvb`i
Drmvn c`vb;
P GRU RbMvxi Pvwn`v gUvZ mg wKbv, Zv Z`viwK Kiv

AvMvg msKZ I mZKZv,

Abymvb, Dvi I cv_wgK wPwKrmv
Kvhgi Rb ` gvbem` Zix
Kiv Ges mZKZv, Abymvb, Dvi
Kvhg AwZ `ZZv I `Zvi
mvZ mv`b Kiv

AvMvg msKZ, mZKZv I Dvi

Kvhgi Rb cqvRbxq mivg I
DcKiY h_vh_fve gRy` wbwZ
Kiv I cqvRb eenvi Ki
qwZ Kwgq Avbv

mivg I DcKiY wbevPb;

mivg I DcKiY q;
gRy`KiY I ibveY;
cqvRbxq I Riwi gyZ eenvi Kiv

Riwi fvvi

Riwi ev `yhvMKvjxb mgq

eenvii Rb chv cwigvY
AvMvg msKZ I mZKZv,
Abymvb, Dvi, cv_wgK wPwKrmv,
Riwi cvwb, cqtwbvlY DcKiY
cfwZ gRy`KiY

Riwi fvvii Rb Ni ev vcbv wbevPb;

Riwi fvvi eevcbv KwgwU MVb I `vwqZ I KZe wbaviY;
cqvRbxq DcKiY q ev msMn;
DcKiY ev mivgvw` h_vh_ cwqvq gRy`KiY I iYveb;
K iwRvi msiY;
mywbw ewK fvvi cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ AcY;
cqvRb I Riwi g~Z eenvi Kiv

10

wbivc` Avkq K`

mvBKvb ev ebvKvjxb mgq `wi`

Avv RbMvxi Rb wbivc`
Avkq wbwZ Kivi gvag Zv`i
Rvbgvji qwZ Kgvbv

cK evevqb KwgwU MVb;

AvkqK`i Rb Rwg wbevPb;
KvRi wewbgq Lv` Kgm~wPi gvag AvkqK` wbgvY;
AvkqK` eevcbv KwgwU MVb;
`yhvMKvjxb mgq AvkqMnYKvwi RbMvxi wbivcv
c`vb, Lv`,wbivc` cvwb, cqwbvkb Gi eev MnY;
AvkqK`i iYveY I eg~Lx eenvi wbwZ Kiv

mvBKvb, ebv AvkqK`i mevP

eg~Lx eenvi, iYveY I
mvweK eevcbv wbwZ Kiv

meii cwZwbwaZkxj eevcbv KwgwU MVb;

`vwqZ I KZe wbaviY;
wbqwgZ mfv Kiv I wmv evevqb

AvkqK`
KwgwU

eevcbv

12

Avc`Kvjxb cwiKbv

hKvb Riwi cwiwwZZ mvov

`qvi Rb mvsMVwbK cwZ I
cwiKbv Rvi`vi Kiv

MvBWjvBb Abyhvqx KwURx cvb Zix Kiv;

Riwi cwiwwZZ KwURx cvb AbymiY Kiv;
cwZ Qq gvm Ai Ai KwURx cvb wiwfD I AvcWU Kiv

13

vws AcviwUs cwmwWDi

Riwi cwiwwZZ Kviv Rb

Acv bv Ki wbavwiZ MvBWjvBb
Abyhvqx `yhvM eevcbv KwgwU
chvq Kvhg MnY I evevqb
Kiv

KwgwUi mv_ AvjvPbv Ki vws AcviwUs cwmwWDi Zix

Kiv;
cwmwWDi mK mevBK AewnZ Kiv;
cwmwWDii KvhKvwiZv hvPvBqi Rb gnov AbywZ Kiv

50 I nveyK

cwZ m~PK ev ewk

Dk

evevqb cwqv

14

RbMvxi SuywK nvm

KgcwiKbv

`yhvM SzuwK nvmi Rb RbMvxi

mwq AskMnYi gvag mywbw`
KgKv evevqb Kiv

`yhvM SzuwK I wec`vcbZv mbvKiY;

SuywK I wec`vcbZv weklY I AMvwaKvi wbaviY;
SzuwK I wec`vcbZv nvmi Rb evewfwK cwiKbv cYqb;
KgcwiKbv evevqb;
cixweY I g~jvqY

15

cwZ gnov

`yhvMKvjxb AvMvg msKZ I

mZKZv, Abymvb, Dvi, cv_wgK
wPwKrmv BZvw` Kvhg `Zvi
mv_ Avc`Kvjxb KgcwiKbv
Abyhvqx mb Kivi cwZ gnovi
AvqvRb

Afx RbMvx (AskMnYKvix) wbevPb;

w Zix;
winvmj Kiv;
gnovi ZvwiL I vb wbevPb Kiv Ges mevBK AewnZKiY;
gnov Abyvb;
gnov chvjvPbv I cqvRbxq cwieZb Avbqb

16

dvW gvKvi I msKZ evwZ

cvwbi DPZv cwigvc Kiv I cvwbi

mevP DPZvi Dci mKj
AeKvVvgv vcb Ges mvBKvb
msKZ c`vb Kivi gvag wbivc`
Avkq MnY mnvqZv Kiv

mekl cjsKvwi ebvi cvwbi DPZv mK AewnZ nIqv;

hKvb vcbvq mekl ebvi cvwbi DPZv `vMvswKZ Kiv;
ebvi cvwb ewi mv_ mv_ `vMi Zzjbv Kiv Ges wec`mxgv
AwZg KiQ wKbv Zv gwbUwis Kiv;
cvwbi mevP DPZvi Dci mKj AeKvVvgv wbgvY Kiv

AvMvg msKZ I mZKZv, Abymvb, Dvi I cv_wgK

wPwKrmvi Rb Avjv`v Avjv`v ^Qvmex `j MVb Kiv;
c_K c_K `ji Rb mswk welq cwkY AvqvRb Kiv;
cqvRbxq DcKiY I mivgvw` mieivn;
cqvRbxq I Riwi g~Z mev c`vb

11

wgK

17

DuPz emZwfUv, MvqvjNi,

jvwUb, wUDeIqj cfwZ
AeKvVvgv wbgvY

`yhvMKvjxb
mgq
vqx
AeKvVvgvjv hvZ wZM bv nq
Zvi eev Kiv; wbivc` cvwb I
cqwbvlY eev AZ ivLv

- mekl cjsKvix ebvi cvwbi mevP DPZv Rvbv;

- wec`vcb cwievi wPwZ Kiv;
- KvRi wewbgq Lv` Kgm~wPi AvIZvq emZwfUv DuPz Kiv;
- DuPz vb wUDeIqj I jvwUb vcb;
- emZwfUvi DuPz vb Ni, MvqvjNi, jvwUzb, wUDeIqj
KvQvKvwQ
vcb Kiv;
- emZwfUvq mewR I MvQ jvMvbv

18

e ivcY I bvmvix vcb

cvKwZK `yhvMi qwZ I

evcKZv Kgvbv Ges cvkvcvwk
djg~j, mewR, KvV, Rvjvbxi
mieivn evovbv

`yhvM SzuwK nvm I eevcbvq vbxq

ckvmb I RbMvxi mv_ mg^q
vcbi gvag vbxq ckvmb I
miKviK Aviv `vwqZkxj I
MwZkxj Kiv

19

`yhvM welqK vqx

Av`kvejx

ebvi cvwb, vZ, So cfwZ gvKvejvi Rb b`x, nvIo,

DcKjeZx GjvKvq evcK e ivcb Kiv;
DuPz vb, emZwfUvq I mvgvwRK cwZvb mewR I MvQ jvMvbv;
mvgvwRK ebvqb DrmvwnZ Kiv;
wbwePvi e wbab iva Kiv;
ebvqb iYveY
cKi j, Dk I KgKv mK AewnZ Kiv;
wcwfwmG, `yhvM SuywK nvm KgcwiKbv, KbwURx cvb cfwZ
cYqb Ges wewfb KgKv evevqb vbxq ckvmb I miKviK
Afz Kiv;
wewfb KwgwUZ vbxq miKvii cwZwbwa Af~ Kiv;
wRI-GbwRI mg^q mfv AbywZ Kiv;
AvWfvKmx Kgkvjvi AvqvRb Kiv;
vbxq ckvmb I miKvi KZK c` mevi Dbqb Kiv

nveyK I 51

4.6

cvwZvwbK, mvgvwRK I cvwievwiK chvq `yhvM cwZ

`yhvM cwZ _vKvi jvf njv - GB cwZ Avv RbMvxK ^vfvweK Aevq wdi Avmvi I `yhvMi qwZ wbqY ivLvi mvg_
evovZ mvnvh Ki| Gi dj, `yhvMi cfve nvm cvq I gvbweK mvnvhi Pvwn`vI Kg nq| wZxqZ `yhvM cwZ mvov c`vbi mvg_
ew Ki I hLb mvov c`vb Riwi nq co ZLb Zv mgqgZ, KvhKi I gvbmZfve cvIqv hvq| cPwjZfve mgvRi wewfb chvq
Avgiv `yhvM SuywK eevcbvi Rb hme D`vM MnY Ki _vwK, GLvb mUv Zzj aiv nqQ; hvZ cvwZvwbK, mvgvwRK I cvwievwiK
chvq `yhvM SzuwK eevcbvi Avgiv GKwU cZ RbMvx Mo ZzjZ cvwi| G GB Z_ jv Avgv`iK mnvqZv c`vb
Kie|

4.6.1 cvwZvwbK chvq `yhvM cwZ

`Z I mgqgZ mZK msKZ c`vb, Dvi I vbvi Kiv I mvov c`vbi Rb `yhvM eevcbvi mv_ RwoZ miKvwi I emiKvwi
msvjv AbK iKg cwZg~jK Kvhg nvZ bq| Gi ga AbZg njv N~wYSoi mZK msKZ cPvi eev Mo Zvjv I
kwkvjx Kiv, hgb DcK~j Aj N~wYSo cwZ cwiKbv| Zviv Riwi cwZ cwiKbv Zix Ki| msvjv wbR wbR KgxevwnbxK
cwkY `q, hvZ Zviv KvhKifve `yhvMKvj KvR KiZ cvi| GQvov mivg msMn Ki, hgb Dvi KvRi Rb bKv I vY
mvgMx gRy` Ki| Dvi I vbvii KvR bvixeve Kivi Rb cwkY wekl welq Afz Ki _vK|

4.6.2 mvgvwRK chvq `yhvM cwZ

wekl Ki GbwRI I miKvwi mnvqZvq mvgvwRK chvq hme cwZg~jK KvR Kiv nq Zvi Dk nj `yhvMKvjxb mgq Rxeb I
m`i wZ Kgvbv I gvbyli `y`kv jvNe Kiv| GB KvRi ga AvQ vbxq `yhvM eevcbv KwgwU I ^Qvmex `j MVb| G`i
gvag `yhvM SzuwK wbicb Kiv nq Ges `yhvM gvKvejvi Rb KgcwiKbv cYqb Kiv nq| KwgwUi m`m I ^Qvmex `ji
cwkYi eev Kiv nq I gnov `qv nq| GQvovI Dvi, vbvi I mvov c`vbi mivg msMn Kiv nq| Gme KvR bvix`i
AskMnb wbwZ Kiv cqvRb| dj, bvix GKw`K hgb vb, `Zv I mPZbZv evovZ cvi, Abw`K m Zvi gZvgZ Ab`i
Rvbvbvi myhvM cvq|

evcKgvvi Rjevqy cwieZbi dj mve Rxebhvvi wZ I ewngyLx AwfevmbwP

RjevqyZvwoZ NUbv

Rxebhvvi wZ
(cwZeQi KZRb)

ewngyLx Awfevmb
(cwZeQi KZRb)

gvv

DcKjxq I b`x fvOb

cvk nvRvi _K `yB jvL

lvU nvRvi

evwlK

jebvZv

GK j wek nvRvi

`k _K cbi nvRvi

evwlK

RjvQvm I Dvj mvMi

wZb _K _K Pvi jvL

GK jvL _K GK jvL wek nvRvi

RjveZv

wZb jvL cvk nvRvi

wZwik nvRvi

wZb eQi GKevi

evwlK

DjwLZ PvU _K `Lv hvQ, DcK~jxq b`x fvObi dj cvk nvRvi _K `yB jvL gvbyli Rxebhvv wZM nqQ, hvi ga
lvU nvRvi Rb wbR evmvb Qo wMqQ| GKB fve, jeYvZvi dj GK jvL wek nvRvi gvbyli Rxebhvvi wZ nqQ, ewng~Lx
Awfevmb NUQ `k _K cbi nvRvi gvbyli, RjvQvmi KviY wZb _K Pvi jvL gvbyli Rxebhvvi wZ nqQ, hvi ga
GK jvL _K GK jvL wek nvRvi gvbyli ewng~Lx Awfevmb NUQ Ges RjveZvi KviY wZb jvL cvk nvRvi gvbyli Rxebhvv
wZM nqQ I ewng~Lx Awfevmb NUQ wZwik nvRvi gvbyli|
evsjv`k 10wU cavb `yhvM cvq 29 j gvbyli cvYnvwb NUQ, hvi ga cvq 19 j gvbyli cvYnvwb NUQ 1943 mvji
`ywf, cvq 4 j gvbyli cvYnvwb NUQ 1918 mvji gnvgvixZ Ges cvq 3 j gvbyli cvYnvwb NUQ 1970 mvji N~wYSo|
10wU cavb `yhvM cvYnvwbi msLvt

4.6.3 cvwievwiK chvq `yhvM cwZ

cvwievwiK chvq cwZg~jK KvR bvix wekl f~wgKv ivL| `yhvMi mve Amyweavi K_v weePbv Ki bvix AvjMv Pzjv Zix Ki,
Rvjvbx msMn Ki, Kbv Lvevi, hgb wPov, gywo ev mewR UwK gRy` Ki| wbRi Avq _K wKQz UvKv Rwgq ivL| cvUi wmKvevvq
hvZ ebvq mgq Nii wRwblc Nii wfZi Szwjq ivLv hvq| `yhvMi wZ Kgvbvi Rb evwoi Pvicvk XvjKjwg I Kjv MvQ
jvMvq| GQvovI cyili mv_ Ni givgZi KvR Ki, gvPv evbvq, Kjv MvQi fjv Zix Ki|

4.7 `bw`b Rxebhvvq `yhvMi cfve

wekevwc `yhvM msNwUZ nIqv I RbRxeb Zvi cfve ew cvQ| aygv wZb `kK (1975 - 2005) `yhvM msMwVZ nIqvi nvi 5
Y eoQ Ges 90 `kK `yhvM Avv RbMvxi msLv wY nqQ hv 2004 mvj bvMv` wZbb ew cqQ| 1995 - 2005
GB `k eQi megvU 2.54 wewjqb gvbyl cZ I civfve `yhvM Avv nqQ Ges Zv KvwUq IVvi Rb aygv 2001 mvj
megvU 80 wewjqb Wjvi e`wkK mvnvh eq Kiv nqQ; Gi ga 4 wewjqb vY I 10 wewjqb Wjvi cybevmb LvZ eq Kiv nqQ,
hvi dj mnv Dbqb jgvv ARb gvivZKfve evnZ nqQ| wK DjL Kivi gZv welq njv, `yhvM msMwVZ (cvKwZK
Avc`) nIqvi nvi I Gi viv Rxeb I RxweKv Avv nIqvi nvii ga mywbw` Kvb mK LuyR cvIqv hvqwb|
wecbZv ewk I mgZv Kg nIqvq evsjv`k GKwU `yhvM ceY `k wnmve wekevwc cwiwPZ| Avc` msNUbi nvii Zzjbvq Zv
`yhvM nIqv wnmve Avwef~Z nIqv Ges Zvi viv Avv RbMvxi nvi AZ ewk| D`vniY ^ic 1991 mvj gv 225 wKwg MwZ
mb N~wYSo 1,29,000 gvbyl gviv hvq, AvnZ I Avv nIqv RbMvx wQj Aviv KqKY| 1992 mvji jm Gjm G msMwVZ
222 wKwg MwZ mb N~wYSoi (gviv wMqwQj gv 18 Rb) mv_ Zzjbv Kij GB wZi evcKZv j Kiv hvq| mvwZK mgh
Rjevqy cwieZbi KviY `yhvMi gvv I ZxeZv `ywUB ew cqQ| Rjevqy cwieZbi KviY meevwc cfvei gv KqKwU NUbvi
dj evsjv`k Rxebhvv iwZ I evwfUv PywZi h weeiY cvIqv hvq, Zv fqven|

52 I nveyK

`yhvMi aiY

mgqKvj

cvYnvwb / gZi msLv

`ywf

1943

19,00,000

Gnvgvix

1918

3,93,000

N~wYSo

12 bf^i 1970

3,00,000

NywYSo

29 Gwcj 1991

1,38,886

N~wYSo

Avei, 1942

61,000

NywYSo

11 g 1965

36,000

ebv

RyjvB 1974

28,700

N~wYSo

Ryb 1965

12,047

N~wYSo

28 g 1963

11,500

N~wYSo

09 g 1961

11,000

nveyK I 53

dvb

gvN

cl

AMvnvqY

KvwZK

AvwkY

fv`

SuywK nvm Kvhg wbaviY

SuywK nvmi mv_ RwoZ cmg~n wbaviY
SzuwK nvm KgcwiKbv cYqb
cwZe`b cZKiY

kveY

6.
7.
8.
9.

Avlvp

Avc` wPwZKiY
SuywKi mve weeiY wbaviY
mgZv I wec`vcbZvmg~n wPwZKiY
Z_ GKwZKiY
cv Z_ eaKiY

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Avc` mviYx cwZi gvag AMvwaKvii wfwZ Kb GKwU GjvKvi Avc`jvK Rvbvi ci eQii KLb nq
Ges Rjevqy cwieZbi KviY Gi Kvb ZviZg nQ wKbv, m mK Avc`i FZzcw cwZ cqvMi gvag
Avgiv mnRB Z_ msMn KiZ cvwi|
ekvL

AskMnYg~jK mgZv I wec`vcbZv weklYi avcmg~nt

Avc`i FZzcw QK

Avc`

4.8 AskMnYg~jK mgZv I wec`vcbZv weklY

ebv

c_g avct Avc` wPwZKiY

AskMnYg~jK mgZv I wec`vcbZv weklYi c_g avc nQ Avc` wPwZKiY|
A_vr Kvb GKwU GKwU wbw` mgvR vbxqfve H GjvKvi Kvb NUbvjvK Avc` wnmve gb Ki Zv wPwZ Kiv| Avc`
wPwZKiYi Dk nQ - Kvb GKwU GjvKvi Avc`mg~n wPwZ Kiv Ges Avc`jv eQii Kvb mgq nq, wK gvvq nq Ges weMZ
`kKjvZ Avc`jv NUvi ceYZv mK Z_ msMn Kiv| GLvb DjL Kiv cqvRb h, Kvb GKwU GjvKvi ev mgvRi Avc`
mK Avgv`i aviYv Ges vbxq RbMvxi aviYv GK bvI nZ cvi| hgb, Avgiv ebvK Kvb GjvKvi Avc` wnmve gb KijI
H GjvKvi vbxq RbMvx mwUK Avc` bvI gb KiZ cvi|
mvaviYZt bxP `qv cwZjv AbymiYi gvag Kvb GKwU GjvKvi Avc`jv wK, Avc`jv KLb NU Ges wK gvv I ZxeZvq
NU, m mK iZc~Y Z_ msMn Kiv hvq|

b`xfvOb
Liv
kZcevn
RjvQvm
KvjekvLx
^vfvweK wbqg h mgq Avc`wU NU

Avc` mviYx QK(eo KvMR GB QKwU AuvKzb Ges AskMnYKvwi`i gZvgZ wjwce Kib)
KiYxqt
iZB PPvi Dk mK
AskMnYKvix`iAeMZ Kib;
Avc` mK AskMnYKvix`i
aviYvK ^Q Kib;
GjvKvi Avc` mK Rvbyb
Ges QK wjwce Kib;
Gevi AMvwaKvi wfwZ
Avc`jvK mvRvbvi Rb
AskMnYKvix`i Abyiva
Kib| AMvwaKvi Kivi
AskMnYKvix`i h welqjv
weePbv KiZ ejeb Zv nQ,
Avc`wU wbqwgZ nq wKbv?
AwaKvsk RbMvx Avv nq wKbv Ges qwZi cwigvY evcK wKbv? A_vr h Avc` wbqwgZ nq Ges h Avc`i
cfve evcK RbMvx Avv nq I evcK qwZ mvwaZ nq AMvwaKvii mB Avc`wU c_g vb cve;
AMvwaKvi Kivi AskMnYKvix`i gZvgZ Rvbyb, cqvRb fvUi eev Kib;
fvUi cZK AskMnYKvixK gvPi KvwV ev ZuZzji wewP w`b Ges cwZwU AskMnYKvixK Zv`i wbR^ weePbvq
mevcv fqven `yhvM wZbwU, gvSvix aiYi fqven `yhvMK `yBwU Ges Zvi Pq Kg fqven `yhvMi Rb GKwU gvPi
KvwV ev ZuZzji wewP fvU wnmve `qvi Rb Abyiva Kib;
AskMnYKvix`i `qv fvU djvdj Abyhvqx Avc`jvK AMvwaKvii wfwZ wPwZ Kib|

54 I nveyK

Rjevqy cwieZbi dj eZgvb h mgq Avc`wU NU

mgq weeZb aviv QK (gvv)

1980 `kKi Avc`i msLv
Avc`

Zxe

gvSvix

1990 `kKi Avc`i msLv 2000 `kKi Avc`i msLv

Zxe

gvSvix

Zxe

gvSvix

ebv
b`xfvOb
Liv
kZcevn
RjvQvm
KvjekvLx

KiYxqt
FZzcw cwZ eenvii Dk mK cwivifve AeMZ Kib;
wKfve FZzcw cwZ cqvM Kieb m mK cwiKbv MnY Kib;
Avc` mviYx _K cv Z_ Abyhvqx Avc`jvK AMvwaKvii wfwZ QK wjwce Kib;
Kvb Avc` eQii Kvb gvm nq, Zv QK `vM w`q wPwZ Kib;
Rjevqy cwieZbi dj Avc`jv NUvi mgqi hw` ZviZg `Lv `q Ze m welqI wbw` iOi `vM
w`q QK DjL Kib;
AvjvPbv Kvhg hvZ mKj AskMnYKvix ^ZtzZfve AskMnY Ki m welqwU j ivLyb|
nveyK I 55

mgq weeZb aviv QK (qwZ)

KiYxqt

qwZi cwigvY hw` evo Ze Zvi KviYjv wK wK? wjwce KiZ ne|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

KiYxq
mgq weeZb aviv cwZ eenvii Dk mK cwivifve AeMZ Kib;
wKfve mgq weeZb aviv cqvM Kieb m mK cwiKbv MnY Kib;
AskMnYKvix`i `kK mK cwivi aviYv c`vb Kib;
1980 `kKi qwZi cwigvY
Avc`

Zxe

gvSvix

1990 `kK qwZi cwigvY

Zxe

gvSvix

2000 `kK cieZx mgq

qwZi cwigvY
Zxe
gvSvix

ebv

Avc`i gvbwP AbcwZ eenvii Dk mK cwivifve AeMZ Kib;

wKfve Avc`i gvbwP Ab Kieb m mK cwiKbv MnY Kib;
Mvg mK cwivi aviYv ivLb Ggb AskMnYKvix`i Avc`i gvbwP Abi Rb DrmvwnZ Kib;
gvbwP Abi Rb cqvRbxq KvMR I wewfb iOi cbwmj wbb;
c_g eo KvMR Mvgi / IqvWi / BDwbqbi bvg DjL Kib Ges gvbwPi w`K wbaviY (c~e-cwg, Di-`wY) Kib;
cieZxZ AskMnYKvix`i civgk Abyhvqx Mvgi mxgviLv wVK Kib Ges cwZwU mxgvbvi evBi AewZ vbi bvg
DjL Kib;
Gevi Mvgi cavb moKwUK gvbwP Ab Kib;
cavb moKi mv_ mshy Abvb ivvjvK gvbwP DjL Kib;
Gevi gv^q Ni-evwo, dmji Z, AvkqK`, BDwbqb cwil`, wkv cwZvb, agxq cwZvb, miKvwi-emiKvwi
cwZvb BZvw` MvgxY AeKvVvgvjvK gvbwP DjL Kib;
gvbwP vcbvjvK mvswKwZK wPi gvag Dcvcb Kib| cqvRb G welq gvbwP eenvii Rb mvsKwZK
wPi bgybv mK AskMnYKvix`i aviYv w`b Ges eeZ mvsKwZK wPjvK gvbwP DjL Kib;
gvbwP vcbvjvK Dcvcbi ci Avc`wU GjvKvi Kv_vq Kv_vq cfvweZ Ki, Zv iwOb cbwmji gvag iO
Ki DjL Kib|

b`xfvOb
Liv
kZcevn

SuywKi I weeiY wbaviY t gvbwP Abi ci AskMnYKvix`i mv_ AvjvPbv Ki gvbwP Avc`i KviY GjvKv ev
mgvRi Kvb Kvb jv SuywKZ AvQ Ges SuywKi mve ev AvbygvwbK cwigvY KZ Zv wbaviY Kib| G AskMnYKvix`i
Z_jvK bxP `qv QK wjwce Kib|

RjvQvm
KvjekvLx
AvjvPbv Kvhg hvZ mKj AskMnYKvix ^ZtzZfve AskMnY Ki m welq j ivLyb|
wZxq avct SuywKi mve weeiY wbaviY
Avc`i gvbwP t c_g avc Avgiv Kvb GKwU GjvKvi ev mgvRi Avc`jv wK wK, KLb mB Avc`jv nq Ges mB
Avc`jvi gvv I ZxeZv AZxZi Zzjbvq eZgvb KgQ bv evoQ, GB welqjv RvbZ ciwQ| GLb Avgiv Rvbev, Avc`jvi
KviY Kvb GjvKvi ev mgvRi Kvb Kvb wK cwigvY SuywKZ _vK| myZivs mve weeiY wbaviYi cavb Dk nQ Avc`i KviY Kvb Kvb wK cwigvY SuywKZ _vK Zv wPwZ Kiv| mvaviYZ Avc`i gvbwP Abi gvag Kvb GKwU
GjvKvq ev mgvR Avc`i cfve Kvb Kvb SuywKZ _vK, Zv mnRB wPwZ Kiv hvq|

cwigvb
wgK

SzuwKi

cwievi (msLv)

SzuwKM RbMvx (msLv)

Nievwo (msLv)

dmji Rwg (GKi)

ivvNvU (wKwg)

wkv cwZvb (msLv)

agxq cwZvb (msLv)

wUDeIqj (msLv)

gvivZK SuywK

gvSvix SzuwK

SuywKgy

ZZxq avct mgZv I wecbZvmg~n wPwZKiY

Avgiv Rvwb h, Kvb GKwU Avc`i KviY SuywKM Kvb GjvKvi ev mgvRi SuywKi gvv wbfi Ki H GjvKv ev mgvRi `yhvM
gvKvejv Kivi mgZv I wec`vcbZvi Dci| wZxq avc Avgiv Avc`i KviY Kvb GKwU GjvKv ev mgvRi SuywKi jv
wKfve wPwZ Kiv hvq, m mK RbwQ| Gevi Avgiv Rvbev, Avc`i KviY SzuwKM jvi mgZv Ges wec`vcbZv wKeve
wPwZ KiZ nq| G Avgiv AskMnYKvwi`i mv_ AvjvPbv Ki SuywKi Abyhvqx mgZv Ges wec`vcbZvjvK Rvbev
Ges bxPi `qv QK mgZv I wec`vcbZv mwKZ Z_jv wjwce Kiev|

56 I nveyK

nveyK I 57

wgK

SzuwKi

cavb
mgZvmg~n

cavb
wec`vcbZvmg~n

GB chvq AwZ gvbwPjv _K cv Z_i wfwZ mvgwMK GjvKvi Avc`i gvbwP Ab Kib;
Gevi cwZwU SuywKi I weeiY wbaviY QK chvjvPbv Ki SzuwKi I cwigvYmg~ni Z_ GKwZ Kib;
mekl mejv mgZv I wec`vcbZv wPwZKiY QK _K cv Z_i wfwZ BDwbqb / DcRjvi mvgwMK mgZv I
wec`vcbZvi ZvwjKv cZ Kib|

wec`vcbZv nvm
mycvwik

cwievi (msLv)

SzuwKM RbMvx (msLv)

cg avct cv Z_ eaKiY

Nievwo (msLv)

dmji Rwg (GKi)

ivvNvU (wKwg)

wkv cwZvb (msLv)

agxq cwZvb (msLv)

hnZz AskMnYg~jK mgZv I wec`vcbZv weklY GKwU GjvKvi ev Mvgi wbevwPZ gv 15 _K 20 Rb AskMnYKvix ev
Di`vZvi `qv Z_i cwZdjb NU, mnZz GB Z_i h_v_Zv ev mwVKZv hvPvB wbq bvbv aiYi mskq _KB hvq| Mvgi
Abvb`i gZvgZ bv wbqB hw` cv_wgKfve cvIqv GB Z_i wfwZ SuywK nvm KgcwiKbv iPbv Kiv nq Ges Zv evevqbi
D`vM bqv nq Ze mB D`vM KvwLZ djvdj ARb mdj bvI nZ cvi| wekl Ki GB aiYi cwiwwZZ SuywKnvm Kvhg
Mvgi mevB AskMnb bvI KiZ cvi| ZvB AskMnbg~jK wec`vcbZv I mgZv _K cvIqv cv_wgK Z_ hvPvB I eaKiYi
welqwU AZ iZc~Y| Z_ hvPvB I eaKiYi wbwjwLZ cwZjv cqvM Kiv hZ cvit

wUDeIqj (msLv)

KiYxq
cavb cavb Avc`jvi Rb c_K c_K QK eenvi Kib;
mgZv I wec`vcbZv mg~n wPwZKiY cwZ eenvii Dk mK cwivifve AeMZ Kib;
wKfve mgZv I wec`vcbZv mg~n wPwZ Kie m mK cwiKbv MnY Kib;
mgZv I wec`vcbZv mK AskMnYKvix`i aviYvjvK ck Ki Rvbyb Ges cqvRb G evcvi cybivq
AskMnYKviw`i AeMZ Kib;
mvavibZ bvix, wk, eq I cwZex`i wec`vcbZvjvK bvbvfve Dcv Kiv nq| Avevi bvix`i AbK wec`vcbZv
AvQ hv cKvk Ab Kviv mvgb cKvk KiZ Pvq bv| ZvB bvix, wk, eq I cwZex`i wec`vcbZv jvK weklfve
Rvbvi Pv Kib;
AvjvPbv Kvhg hvZ mKj AskMnYKvix ^ZtzZfve AskMnY Ki m welq j ivLyb|

Abvb m~ _K Z_ msMnt h GjvKvi Rb AskMnYg~jK mgZv I wec`vcbZv evevqb Kiv nQ mB GjvKvi wevwiZ Z_
hgb GjvKvi AvqZb, jvKmsLv, cwievi, KwlRwg, ivvNvU, BZvw` mK DcRjv chvqi cwimsLvb wefvM, miKwi wewfb
wefvM, BDwbqb cwil` Ges vbxq emiKvix msvjvi KvQ Z_ _vK| myZivs mswk miKvwi ev emiKvwi cwZvbi mv_
hvMvhvM Ki cqvRb Abyhvqx AskMnYKvix`i KvQ _K cvIqv Z_jv YMZ gvb DbZ Kiv hvq|
Awf ewi mv_ AvjvPbvt GjvKvq Ggb AbK ew _vKb eqmi KviY ev ckvMZ KviY Zv`i AwfZv Ab`i Pq AbK
ewk _vK| hgb, eq ew, wkK, ivRbxwZwe`, Pqvigvb-g^vi, emiKvwi cwZvbi DZb KgKZv, miKvwi-emiKvwi
cwZvbi gvV chvqi Kgx| G aiYi Awf ewiv mnRB AskMnYKvix`i `qv Z_jvK hvPvB Ki Z_i YMZ gvb DbZ
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_K cvIqv Z_jv msvi Kiv hZ cvi|
eaKiY mfvt Z_ eaKiY mfv AvqvRb GKwU KvhKi cwZ hvi gvag Z_i YMZ gvb wbwZ Kiv hvq| mvavibZ GB aiYi
mfvi AskMnYKvixi msLv nZ cvi wb 50 _K D 100 Rb| G aiYi mfvi AskMnYKvix neb cv_wgK Z_ msMn Kiv nqQ Ggb `yhvM SuywKceY GjvKvi wbevwPZ nZ `wi` RbMvxi cwZwbwa;
mevcv wec`vcb RbMvxi (bvix, wk, eq, cwZex) cwZwbwa;
wewfb ckvi (Kwl, grm, z` eemv) cwZwbwa;
wbevwPZ BDwbqb cwil`i g^vi-Pqvigvb;
miKvwi wefvM I emiKvwi cwZvbi gvV chvqi Kgx;
vbxq MYgvb ew hgb Bgvg, wkK, mvsevw`K, ivRbxwZwe`, mgvRmex BZvw`|

PZz_ avct Z_ GKwZKiY

mvaviYZ Mvg chvq Ges IqvW chvq GKvwaK AskMnYg~jK mgZv I wec`vcbZv weklY _K cv Z_jvK GKwZ Ki
mvgwMK BDwbqbi mgZv I wec`vcbZv wPwZ Kiv nq| Avei KLbI KLbI cwZwU BDwbqb c_K c_Kfve AskMnYg~jK
mgZv I wec`vcbZv weklY _K cv Z_jvK GKwZ Ki mvgwMK DcRjvi mgZv I wec`vcbZvi LwZqvb Zix Kiv nq|
cieZxZ GKwZ Kiv GB me Z_i wfwZ IqvW, BDwbqb ev DcRjv wfwK SuywK nvmi KgcwiKbv iPbv Kiv nq| myZivs GB
aiYi Z_ GKwZKiYi welqwU LyeB iZc~Y| GB chvq Avgiv Rvbev GkvwaK AskMnYg~jK mgZv I wec`vcbZv _K
cv Z_jvK wKfve GKwZKiY Kiv hvq|

KiYxqt
Z_ GKwZKiY cwZ eenvii Dk mK cwivifve AeMZ Kib;
Kfve Z_ GKwZKiY cwZ cqvM Kieb m mK cwiKbv MnY Kib;
Z_ GKwZKiYi c~eeZx AavqjvZ Dcvcb Kiv Z_ m^wjZ cwZwU QK eenvi Kib| A_vr Avc` mviYx
QK, Avc`i FZzcw QK, mgq weeZb avivi QKg SuywKi I weeiY wbaviY Ges mgZv I wec`vcbZv wPwZKiY
QK BZvw`;
c_g cyiY Kiv cwZwU Avc` mviYx QK _K cv Z_jv chvjvPbv Ki AMvwaKvii wfwZ Avc`i ZvwjKv cZ
Kib;
Gevi GKBfve cyiY Kiv cwZwU Avc`i FZzcw I mgq weeZb aviv Gi QKjv _K cv Z_ chvjvPbv Ki
mvgwMK Z_i wfwZ Avc`i FZzcw I mgq weeZb avivi QKjv cybivq cyiY Kib;
58 I nveyK

KiYxqt
mfv evevqbi w`b, ZvwiL I vb P~ov Kib;
MvBWjvBb Abyhvqx AskMnYKvix wbevPb Kib Ges mfvi w`b, ZvwiL I vb Rvwbq AvgY Rvbvb;
mfv evevqbi c~e GKwZ Kiv cv_wgK Z_jvK Dcvcbvi Rb wjwLZ cvvi ccvi cZ Kib|
Z_ Dcvcbvi Rb mvnmx Ges Dcvcb mg Ggb GKRb nZ `wi` bvix ev cyilK wbevPb Kib;
mfvi iZ AskMnYKvix`iK mfvi Dk mK Rvwbq w`b;
wjwLZ cvvi ccvii gvag GjvKvi Avc`, SuywKM mg~n I cwigvY, mgZv I wec`vcbZv welqK cv cv_wgK
Z_ AskMnYKvix`i mvgb GK GK Ki Dcvcb Kib;
Z_ mK AskMnYKvix`i gZvgZ I gejv Rvbyb Ges cqvRb AskMnYg~jK AvjvPbvi gvag cv Z_ hvPvB
Kib I msvi Kib|
AvjvPbvq kLjv eRvq ivLvi Rb h_vh_ c`c wbb|

nveyK I 59

l avct SzuwK nvm Kvhg wbaviY

evevqbi `vwqZ

bvg

`vwqZ

KiYxqt
SuywK nvm mK AskMnYKvix`i aviYvjvK AveviI ^Q Kib;
SzuwKi jvK cybivq AskMnYKvix`i mvgb Dcvcb Kib;
GKBfve mgZvi I wec`vcbZvi Z_jvK AskMnYKvix`i mvgb Dcvcb Kib;
Gevi AskMnYg~jK mgZv I wec`vcbZv weklY Kvhg SuywKnvmi h mKj c`cjv bqvi RY
AskMnYKvixMb mycvwik KiQ mjv wjwLZ cvvi ccvii gvag AskMnYKvix`i wbKU Zzj aib|
GB chvq AskMnYg~jK AvjvPbvi gvag GjvKvi SuywKnvmi Rb AMvwaKvii wfwZ Kvb c`cjvK evevqb
Kiv hZ cvi m evcvi AskMnYKvix`i gZvgZjvK Rvbyb Ges cvvi ccvi wjwce Kib;
AvjvPbvi mKj AskMnYKvixi mwq AskMnY wbwZ KiZ cqvRbxq c`c wbb|

euva wbgvY

cqvRbgZv
Pje

mg avct SzuwK nvmi mv_ RwoZ cmg~n wbaviY

`yhvMceY GjvKvi RbMvx wbRiv mnRB wbR`i `yhvM SuywK, mgZv, wec`vcbZv Ges `yhvM SzuwKnvm Kvb KvRjv Kiv
DwPZ m mK ejZ cvi| wK `yhvM SzuwKnvmi KvRjv Kivi Rb h m`, vb I `Zv cqvRb Zv AwaKvsk B `yhvM
SuywKM RbMvxi bB| mvaviYZt GB aiYi cqvRbxq mev, vb I `Zv AvQ miKvwi mev c`vbKvix wefvM I emiKvwi
svmg~ni KvQ| AwaKvsk `Lv wMqQ miKvwi-emiKvwi mev Ges mev c`vbKvix wefvM I msv mK cKZ Z_ RbMYi
KvQ _vK bv| Avevi SzuwKceY RbMvx Ges vbxq ckvmbi cwZwbwa`I Ggb AbK `Zv AvQ (vb, AwfZv I `Zv) hv
w`q `yhvM SuywK nvm hvq| myZivs Kvb GjvKvi `yhvM SuywK Kgvbvi KvRjv Kivi Rb miKvii Kvb wefvM, Kvb emiKvwi
cwZvb, BDwbqb cwil` Ges wK aiYi mvgvwRK cwZvbi mnhvwMZv cqvRb `yhvM SzuwKnvmi Rb m welqwU wbaviY Kiv LyeB
Riwi|

KiYxqt
AskMnYKvix`i wPwZ Kiv `yhvM SuywKnvmi KvRjvK wjwLZ cvvi ccvii gvag AskMnYKvix`i mvgb
Dcvcb Kib;
Gevi AskMnYg~jK AvjvPbvi gvag SuywKnvmi KvRjvK GK GK Ki weklY Kib Ges vbxq Dbqb miKvii
Kvb wefvM ev emiKvwi msv G aiYi KvR cZfve evevqb KiQ Zv wPwZ Kib Ges cvvi ccvii gvag
miKvii mB wefvM ev emiKvwi cwZvbi bvg wjwce Kib;
miKvwi I emiKvwi cwZvbi mevjv wbwZ KiZ civfve h me cwZvbi mnhvwMZv cqvRb AskMnYKvix`i
mv_ AvjvPbv Ki cvvi ccvi Zv`i bvg wjwce Kib;
AvjvPbvq mKj AskMnYKvix`i mwq AskMnY wbwZ KiZ cqvRbxq c`c wbb|

bvg

`vwqZ
h_vh_ KZci
wbKU Dcvcb

`vwqZ

Abvb

QvwZi Pi

Bvg

euvai `vweZ
RbMYK msMwVZ
Kiv

`vwqZ

mvgvwRK cwZvb

Mvg `yhvM
eevcbv KwgwU

bvg

emiKvwi cwZvb

mPZbZv mw

miKvwi wefvM

cwc

Kvhg

euva wbgvY

wgK

cvwb Dbqb evW

eaKiY mfvq GjvKvi Avc`, Avc`i KviY SzuwKM mg~n, mgZv I wec`vcbZv welqK Z_jv mK AskMnYKvix`i
GKgZ Kivbvi ci SuywK Kgvbvi Rb wK aiYi c`c bqv hZ cvi m welq AskMnYKvix`i gbvhvM AvKlb Kib|

KgcwiKbv QK 2 (miKvwi wefvM)

wgK

KvR

wefvMi bvg

wK Kie

KLb Kie

wKfve Kie

euva wbgvY

cvwb Dbqb
evW

wK Kie
euva wbgvY
Kie

hLb `yhvM
SuywK _vK bv
hLb `yhvM

vbxq Dbqb cwiKbvq

KvRwUK Af Kivi
gvag

Kwl wefvM

cwkY c`vb

SuywK _vK bv

DbZ Pvlvev`
mK cwkY
c`vb

vbxq Dbqb cwiKbvq

KvRwUK Af Kivi
gvag

Ag avct SuywK nvm KgcwiKbv DbqY

GKwU Dbqb cwiKbvi g~j Dcv`vb nQ - KvR, KvRwU K Kie, KLb Kie, wKfve Kie Ges wK w`q Kie| c~eeZx Aavqjv
_K BZvga Avgiv MVbg~jK cwqvi gvag GKwU GjvKvi SuywKnvmi Rb wK wK KvR Kiv cqvRb Ges KvRjv evevqbi
miKvwi Kvb wefvM, emiKvwi Kvb cwZvb ev Abvb`i mnhvwMZv cqvRb m mK RbwQ| GLb Avgiv SuywKnvmi
wPwZ KvRjvK evevqbi KgcwiKbv wKfve iPbv KiZ nq, m cwqv mK Rvbev| G evcvi c_g AskMnYKvix`i
mv_ AvjvPbvi gvag KgcwiKbv QK 1 Abyhvqx SuywKnvmi Kvb GKwU wbw` KvR evevqb miKvwi wefvM, emiKvwi cwZvb,
BDwbqb cwil` Ges mvgvwRK cwZvi `vwqZ I KZeK wjwce Kib|

60 I nveyK

nveyK I 61

KiYxqt
KgcwiKbvi QK Ges wKfve cyiY KiZ ne m evcvi AskMnYKvix`i AeMZ Kib;
Gevi c~eeZx Aavq wPwZ SuywKnvmi KvRjvK GK GK Ki KgcwiKbvq Afz Kib Ges AskMnYg~jK
AvjvPbvi gvag KgcwiKbvi QK cyiY Kib;
GKB Kvhg evevqb miKvwi wefvM, BDwbqb cwil`, vbxq emiKvwi cwZvb Ges mvgvwRK cwZvbi Kvhg wfb
aiYi nZ cvi| ZvB KvRwU evevqb miKvwi wefvM, BDwbqb cwil`, vbxq emiKvwi cwZvb I mvgvwRK cwZvbi
K wK Kie, KLb Kie I wKfve Kie Zv c_K c_K KgcwiKbvq DjL Kib;
AvjvPbvq mKj AskMnYKvix`i mwq AskMnY wbwZ KiZ cqvRbxq c`c wbb|

KgcwiKbv QK 3 (BDwbqb cwil`)

wgK

KvR

cwil`i bvg

wK Kie

KLb Kie

wKfve Kie

euva wbgvY

QvwZi Pi

euva wbgvbi
evcvi h_vh_
KZci `w
AvKlY Kie

evrmwiK
evRUi c~e

DcRjvi gvwmK Dbqb

mfvq Dcvcbi gvag

beg avct cwZe`b P~ovKiY

AskMnYg~jK mgZv Ges wec`vcbZv weklY Kvhg _K cvIqv Z_jvK mwVKfve jLvi gvag GKwU cwZe`b cZi
welqwU LyeB iZc~Y| KviY GB cwZe`bwU wbw` Kvb GjvKvi SzuwK nvmi g~j `wjj wnmve KvR Kie| BDwbqb cwil`, DcRjv
cwil`, miKvwi hKvb wefvM Ges emiKvwi cwZvbi mev wbwZ Kivi G aiYi cwZe`bi iZ Acwimxg| G aiYi
cwZe`b MvgwfwK, BDwbqb wfwK ev DcRjv wfwK nZ cvi| Gevi Avgiv Rvbev, AskMnYg~jK mgZv I wec`vcbZv
weklY _K cv Z_i wfwZ wKfve GKwU cwZe`b cZ KiZ nq|

KgcwiKbv QK 2 (emiKvwi msv)

cwZe`bi welqemg~nt

wgK

KvR

msvi bvg

wK Kie

KLb Kie

wKfve Kie

euva wbgvY

QvwZi Pi

euva wbgvYi
evcvi BDwbqb I
DcRjvi `w
AvKlY Kie Ges
RbgZ Mo Zzje

eQii
hKvb mgq

BDwbqb I DcRjvi gvwmK

Dbqb mfvq Dcvcbi
gvag Ges msvi
mPZbZvg~jK KgKvi mv_
Bm~wUK m Kivi gvag

f~wgKvt wbw` GjvKvwUi `yhvMi AZxZ BwZnvm, `yhvMi KviY wK aiYi qwZ nq, GjvKvi mvgwMK Dbqb
wKfve `yhvMi KviY evavM nQ, `yhvM gvKvejvq GjvKvi cavb wec`vcbZvmg~n wK wK, Kb mgZv I
wec`vcbZv weklY Kvhg evevqb Kiv nQ Ges wKfve GB Kvhg SuywKnvm f~wgKv ivLe, GB welqjv
f~wgKvZ wjLyb|
GjvKv cwiwPwZt wbw` Mvg/IqvW/BDwbqb/DcRjvi h Z_jv GB chvq DjL Kiv ne Zv nQ, AvqZb,
RbmsLv, gvbyli cavb ckv, GjvKvi A_bwZK Aev, GjvKvi fMwjK Aev, fMwjK weeiY, cavb cavb vcbv
BZvw`|
GjvKvi cavb cavb Avc`t QKi Z_ Abyhvqx AMvwaKvii wfwZ Avc` mviYxZ DjwLZ Avc`jvK GLvb DjL
Kib|
cavb cavb SuywKi I weeiYt QKi Z_ Abyhvqx I weeiY wjLyb|

KgcwiKbv QK 2 (mvgvwRK cwZvb)

cavb cavb mgZv I wec`vcbZvmg~nt QKi Z_ Abyhvqx mgZv I wec`vcbZvjv wjLyb|

wgK

KvR

msvi bvg

wK Kie

KLb Kie

wKfve Kie

euva wbgvY

Mvg `yhvM
eevcbv KwgwU

GjvKvi `vwe
wnmve RbgZ
Mo Zzje Ges
h_vh_ KZc
eivei `vwe
Rvbve

eQii
hKvb mgq

Mvg chvq AvjvPbv, vbxq

GbwRI`i mnhvwMZvq
ivwj Ges h_vh_ KZc
eivei ^viKwjwc c`vbi
gvag

SzuwK nvmi Kvhgmg~nt h KvRjv wPwZ Kiv nqQ, Zv GLvb DjL Kib|
SzuwK nvm KgcwiKbvt SzuwKnvmi KgcwiKbvwU GLvb Zzj aib|
Dcmsnvit vbxq chvq KgiZ miKvwi-emiKvwi, mvgvwRK msv mg~ni AskMnbi iZ Ges cZvwkZ djvdj
mK GLvb DjL Kib|

4.9

evsjv`k cvKwZK I gbylm `yhvMi BwZnvm

fMwjK Aevb I Rjevqy cwieZbi KviY evsjv`k cw_exi `yhvMceY `kjvi ga AbZg GKwU `k wnmve cwiwPZ|
cwZeQi So, ebv, RjvQvm evsjv`k kZ kZ cvYnvwb NU Ges evcK qwZ nq| Mnnxb nq co jvL jvL gvbyl| `xNvqx
RjveZvq nvRvi nvRvi cwievi Pig `yfvM co| GwWAviwm gZ evsjv`k 1900 - 2000 ch 206wU cvKwZK `yhvM NUQ,
hvZ 6 jvwaK gvbyl gviv hvq| GZ qwZi cwigvY 10,439,980 gvwKb Wjvi| cvKwZK `yhvMi ga evsjv`k ebv I
62 I nveyK

nveyK I 63

mvBKvbi evcKZv ewk| 1988, 1998 mvji ebv I 1970, 1991 Ges 2007 mvji mvBKvb `k h cvYnvwb I qwZ
nqQ, Zv evsjv`kK cvq 50 eQi wcwQq w`qQ| GB qwZi mv_ hy nqQ mvwZK mgqi mvBKvb wmWi I mvBKvb
AvBjv| 2007 mvji mvBKvb wmWi I 2008 mvji mvBKvb AvBjvq cvKwZK Xvj wnmve cwiwPZ gvbMvf my`iebmn cvYnvwb
I evcK qwZ NU, hv `wY-cwgvji gvbyl GLbv KvwUq DVZ cviwb|
GLbI cwZeQi ebv, N~wYSo I b`xfvObi KviY AmsL cwievi `wi` _K `wi`Zi nQ Ges f~wgnxb I Kgnxb gvbyli msLv
gvMZ evoQ|

mgqKvj

Avw_K wZi (gvwKb Wjvi)

ebv

20 Ryb, 2004

7,000,000

ebv

AvM, 1988

2,137,000

ebv

5 RyjvB, 1998

2,000,000

ebv

29 Gwcj 1991

1,780,000

`~hvMi aib

mgqKvj

cvYnvbx/gZi msLv

N~YxSo

15 g, 1995

800,000

`~wf

1943

1,900,000

ebv

AvM, 1987

727,500

gnvgvix

1918

3,93,000

ebv

RyjvB, 1947

579,200

NyYxSo

1970-12B bf^i

3,00,000

ebv

m^i, 2000

500,000

NyYxSo

1991-29B Gwcj

1,38,866

ebv

22 RyjvB, 1987

330,000

NyYxSo

1942- Avei

61,000

ebv

13 RyjvB, 1997

229,000

NyYxSo

1965-11B g

36,000

ebv

1974- RyjvB

28,700

NyYxSo

1965- Ryb

12,047

NyYxSo

1963- 28 g

11,500

NyYxSo

1961- g

11,000

cwimsLvb `Lv MQ, 10wU cavb `yhvM cvq evsjv`ki wk jvwaK gvbyli cvYnvwb NUQ, wZM jvKmsLv cvq 30
KvwUi Dci (GKB cwievi evi evi wZM nqQ)|

64 I nveyK

`~hvMi aib

4.10 evsjv`k `yhvM eevcbvi bxwZgvjv I AvBbmg~n

miKvi evsjv`k `yhvM eevcbvi Rb KZjv bxwZgvjv, AvBb I AvBbMZ evaevaKZv Zix KiQ| bxwZgvjv, AvBb I
AvBbMZ evaevaKZvjv njvt
`yhvM eevcbv msv bxwZgvjv, AvBb I AvBbMZ evaevaKZv mg~nt
`yhvM eevcbv AvBb (Disaster Management Act)
`yhvM mwKZ vqx Av`kmg~n (Standing Orders on Disasters- SOD)
RvZxq `yhvM eevcbv KgcwiKbv (National Disaster Management Plan)
mvweK `yhvM eevcbv Kgm~wP (Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme)
l cevwlK cwiKbvq (2011-2015) mshy `yhvM eev Kkjt
KwgDwbwU jfj cwZ, mvov, Dvi (wiKfvix) I cybevmb;
`yhvM SuywK nvm;
AMvwaKvii wfwZ Riwi mvov c`vb;
`yhvM cieZx wiKfvix AMvwaKvi;
cvwZvwbK mgZv kwkvjxKiY|

`~hvMi aib

mgqKvj

wZM jvKmsLv

`~wf

AvM, 1988

73,000,000 Rb

gnvgvix

RyjvB, 1947

38,000,000 Rb

NyYxSo

20 Ryb, 2004

36,000,000 Rb

NyYxSo

g, 1984

30,000,000 Rb

NyYxSo

22 RyjvB, 1983

29,700,000 Rb

cUfwg I msvt

NyYxSo

5 RyjvB, 1983

20,000,000 Rb

ebv

RyjvB, 1968

15,889,616 Rb

NyYxSo

11 g, 1965

15,600,000 Rb

NyYxSo

29 Gwcj 1991

15,438849 Rb

NyYxSo

5 RyjvB, 1998

15,000,000 Rb

`yhvM welqK GB vqx Av`kvejx GB Dk cYqY Kiv nBqvQ hvnvZ mswk mKj `yhvM eevcbvi mKj chvq Zvnv`i `vwqZ
I KZe eywSZ cvib Ges mv`b mg_ nb| GB vqx Av`kvejxZ c` `vwqZ `Zvi mwnZ mv`bi Rb cZK gYvjq
wefvM I msv wbR wbR KgcwiKbv (AvKkb cvb) cZ Kwieb Ges wbR wbR `vwqZ I gZvi AvIZvq cqvRbxq eev Mnb
Kwieb| `yhvM msv KgKvi mg^q wbwZ Kwieb RvZxq chvq RvZxq `yhvM eevcbv KvDwj (GbwWGgwm) Ges Avt
gYvjq `yhvM eevcbv mg^q KwgwU (AvBGgwWGgwmwm)| Rjv, _vbv I BDwbqb chvq mg^q Kwieb h_vg Rjv, _vbv I
BDwbqb `yhvM eevcbv KwgwU| `yhvM eevcbv e~iv Bnv`i mvweK mnhvwMZv Kwie| gYvjq, wefvM I msvmg~n Zvnv`i
KgcwiKbvq Rjv, _vbv, BDwbqb I Mvg chvq wbhy Zvnv`i KgKZv Ges KgPvix`i h_vh_ cwkYi eev Kwieb, hvnvZ
`yhvMi wewfb chvq Zvnviv Dvi, AcmviY I vY KvR mvnvh KwiZ cvib|

4.10.1 `yhvM welqK (evsjv`k miKvii) vqx Av`kvejx

nveyK I 65

miKvwi mvnvhi Acvq bv _vwKqv vbxq KZc wbR^ m`i mvnvh `yhvM ckgY, cwZ I Riwi gvKvejvi eev MnY
Kwieb|

RvZxq `yhvM eevcbv Dc`v KwgwU

cavbgx

GB Av`kvejxi AvIZvq mKj KgKv wbwjwLZ chvq mg~n cwoet

^vfvweK mgq
mZK I wkqvix chvq
`yhvM chvq
`yhvM cieZx chvq

msvt
(1)
`yhvMt
cKwZ ev gvbyli viv msNwUZ Ggb NUv hvnv Pjgvb ^vfvweK mgvR RxebK Mfxifve evnZ Ki Ges gvbyl, m` I cwieki
GZ wZ mvavb Ki hvnvi gvKvejvq GKwU mgvRK wekl c`c MnY KwiZ nq Ges qwZi cwigvY GZ ewk nq h, Dnv
ay wbR^ m` w`qv cyiY Kiv me bq|
(2)
`yhvM eevcbvt
`yhvM cwZiva, gvKvejv I qwZ nvmi Rb MwnZ cwiKbv, cwZ, gvKvejv Ges `yhvM cieZx cybevmb - GB mg
KgKvK mvgwMKfve ejv nq `yhvM eevcbv| `yhvMceY GjKvKvq h mg `yhvM ckgY I cwZgyjK c`c cZvwkZ
`yhvMmg~ni wei Mnb Kiv nq, ZvnvK mvaviYZ cvK-`yhvM eev ejv nq, ZvnvI GB `yhvM eevcbvi Afz|
(3)
cvK-`yhvM chvqt
h mgq `yhvMi Av AvksKv bvB wK wec` fwelZ AvwmZ cvi GB AvksKvq `xNgqv`x eev MnY Kiv nq|
(4)
mZK I wkqvix chvqt
Avmb `yhvMi Rb h RbmvaviYK mZK ev wkqvi Kiv nq| h mgq `yhvM c~e mZKZv g~jK eev ev `yhvM gvKvejvi Rb
cqvRbxq c`c MnY Kiv nq|
(5)
`yhvM chvqt
h mgq cvKwZK `yhvMi qwZ mvwaZ nq A_vr `yhvM AvNvZ nvb| Kvb Kvb `yhvMi ejvq GB mgqKvj `xN nq hgb ebv
I Liv; Avevi Kvb Kvb `yhvM GB mgq _vK AwZ msw hgb N~wYSo, fwgK, AwM I wk `yNUbv|
(6)
`yhvM cieZx chvqt
`yhvMi ci wea jvK`i Rxeb hvcbi DcKiY, A_bxwZ Ges AeKvVvgvmg~ni ^vfvweK Aevq wdivBqv Avwbevi Rb h
mgqevwc KvR Kiv nq, ZvnvK c~bevmb chvq ejv nq| GB mgq cybevmb I cybtwbgvYi KvR nq Ges Kvb weklfve wZM
jvK`i Rb vY I KjvYg~jK KvRI Kiv nq| `yhvMi AeewnZ ciB Dvi I Riwi vY KvRI GB chvqi ga Afz|
wewfb KvDwj I KwgwU cwiwPwZ
`yhvM eevcbvq RvZxq I vbxq chvq bxwZ wbaviY I mg^qi j wbewYZ KvDwj / KwgwU mg~n `vwqZ cvjb Kib|

66 I nveyK

mfvcwZ

cvwbm` gx

m`m

A_gx

m`m

vbxq miKvi, cjx Dbqb I mgevq gx

m`m

hvMvhvM gx

m`m

^v I cwievi KjvY gx

m`m

Lv` gx

m`m

`yhvM eevcbv I vY gx

m`m

Kwl gx

m`m

b cwienb gx

m`m

mbvevwnbx cavb

m`m

wegvb evwnbx cavb

m`m

gx cwil` mwPe

m`m

cavbgxi g~L mwPe

m`m

Kwl gYvjqi mwPe

m`m

A_wefvMi mwPe

m`m

^v I cwievi KjvY gYvjqi mwPe

m`m

^iv gYvjqi mwPe

m`m

cwZiv gYvjqi mwPe

m`m

vbxq miKvi wefvMi mwPe

m`m

moK I ijc_ wefvMi mwPe

m`m

b-cwienb gYvjqi mwPe

m`m

cvwb m` gYvjqi mwPe

m`m

Lv` gYvjqi mwPe

m`m

`yhvM eevcbv I vb gYvjqi mwPe

m`m

Av_-mvgvwRK AeKvVvgv cwiKbv Kwgkbvi

m`m

wc. Gm. I ^k evwnbx wefvM

m`m
nveyK I 67

DcRjv `yhvM eevcbv KwgwU

Rjv ckvmK

mfvcwZ

Rjv chvq cybevmb KvRi Rb SuywK nvmKiYi mve eevmn mZKZvi m AMvwaKvi wfwK cwiKbv cYqb|
`yhvM eevcbv e~iv I Rjv ckvmb KZK c` wb`kbv Abymvi vbxqfve ev vb Awa`i / Ab Kvb Drm _K
cv m` ewb eve wbiwcZ cqvRbxqZvi wfwZ DcRjvq eiv I mieivni eev MnY|
vY I cybevmb msv mnvqZv mvgMx weZiYi Z`viwK I wnmvevw` msiY Ges Zv h_vh_ KZc I Abvb vY
c`vbKvwi msvmg~ni wbKU ciY|
Rjv chvqi wewfb wefvMi ga mvweK mg^qi `vwqZ cvjb Kiv| GqvovI `yhvM eevcbv msv vqx Av`kvejx
Ges Dchy KZci ZvrwbK Av`k AbymiY Kiv|

Rjv chvqi mswk wefvMi KgKZv

m`m

mKj DcRjv wbevnx KgKZv

m`m

`yBRb gbvbxZ gwnjv cwZwbwa

m`m

evsjv`k iWwmU mvmvBwUi cwZwbwa

m`m

DcRjv `yhvM eevcbv KwgwU

GbwRI cwZwbwa

m`m

DcRjv wbevnx Awdmvi

Rjv vY I cybevmb KgKZv

m`m

BDwbqb cwil`i Pqvigvbe`

m`m

AvgW dvmm cwZwbwa

m`m

DcRjv chvqi mswk wefvMi KgKZve`

m`m

Rjv `yhvM eevcbv KwgwUi `vwqZvejx

gwnjv cwZwbwa

m`m

^vfvweK mgq
DcRjv `yhvMi eevcbv KwgwU MVb, mwqKiY, cqvRbxq wb`kbv I Z_ cvw Ges cvc cwkY myweav wbwZKiY|
`yhvM eevcbv e~ivK AewnZ Ki wbqwgZ `yhvM welqK cwkY I Kgkvjv AvqvRb Kiv|
Rjv chvq cwiKbv cYqb I Dbqb cKmg~ni evevqb, `yhvMi SuywK nvmKiYi mvebvmg~n c~Yfve weewPZ nIqv
wbwZKiY|
`yhvM msv c~evfvm c`vb I RbMYK GB welq mPZb Kiv|
Avmb wec` msv mZK evZv Ges `yhvM msNwUZ nIqvi cwicwZ Rjv KZc I vbxq msvmg~n hvZ KvhKifve
Ges `Zvi mv_ Bnvi gvKvejvq cZ _vK, m j Rjv `yhvM KgcwiKbv cYqb|
N~wYSo I ebv msv c~evfvm AwZ `Z KvhKifve Rjvi mKj KgKZv, mswk eweM / cwZvb Ges DcRjv chvq
GZ`welq `vwqZ cv`i ga cPvii eev wbwZKiY|
Rjv m`i AewZ Avkq K` / Avkq j mg~n cv fiv hvq Ggb Lvevi cvwb mieivn I Abvb cqvRbxq mev
c`vbi eev KiY Ges DcRjv `yhvM eevcbv KwgwUi mv_ hvMvhvM g BDwbqb chvq AewZ AvkqK`mg~n
GKB myweavw` I mev wbwZKiY|
DcRjv `yhvM eevcbv KwgwUK Dvi KvR, cv_wgK vb Kvh mnvqZvi Rb DcRjv m`i I RvZxq Riwi cwiPvjbv
K`, `yhvM eevcbv e~ivi m hvMvhvM vcb I Rjvi Afi AwZ cqvRbxq mev eev msiY / cybtvcbi
eev m^wjZ AvbylvwK cwiKbv cYqb|
`yhvM eevcbv e~iv I DcRjv KZci mnvqZvq mZK evZv, c~evfvm cPvi, AcmviY, Dvi I cv_wgK vY Kvh
cwiPvjbvi welq gvS gvS gnov Abyvbi eev KiY|

DcRjv Kw`q mgevq mwgwZ cwZwbwa

m`m

N~wYSo cwZ Kgm~wP (wmwcwc) cwZwbwa

m`m

evsjv`k iW wmU mvmvBwUi cwZwbwa

m`m

GbwRI cwZwbwa

m`m

DcRjv cK evevqb KgKZv

m`m

`yhvMKvj
Rjvi Afi mKj vb AcmviY, Dvi I vY Ges cv_wgK cybevmb msv KgKvi mnvqZvg~jK mg^qi Rb
Riwi cwiPvjbv K` (Z_ K` I wbqY K) cwiPvjbv KiY|
vbxq cvc myweavw` eenvi Ki DviKvh cwiPvjbv I gvivZK wZM DcRjv mg~n DviKvh cwiPvjbvi Rb
DviKvix `jmg~n ciY I KgKvi mg^q mvab|
`yhvM eevcbv I vY gYvjqi K Ges `yhvM eevcbv e~ivi Riwi cwiPvjbv K`i wbKU wZi Z_, cqvRb
I cvc m` Ges vY KvRi I cybevmb KvRi Rb wbavwiZ wfwZ DcKiYvw`i cqvRb msv weeiY / Dcv
mieivnKiY|

68 I nveyK

mfvcwZ

gvbbxq msm` m`m / m`mvMY GB KwgwUi Dc`v _vKeb| GB KwgwU 2 gvm ci ci mfvq wgwjZ ne| Avc`Kvjxb mgq cZn
GKevi Ges Aevi DbwZ nj cwZ mvn 2 evi mfvq wgwjZ ne|
DcRjv `yhvM eevcbv KwgwUi `vwqZ
^vfvweK mgq
BDwbqb `yhvM eevcbv KwgwU MVY, mwqKiY, cqvRbxq wb`kbv I Z_ cvwi Ges cvc cwkY myweavw` wbwZ Kiv|
mZKZv ew, `yhvMi SuywK nvmKiY, euP _vKvi Dcvqjv vZ Kivbvi welq wbwZKiY|
vbxq chvq DbqY cwiKbv cYqb I evevqb `yhvMi SuywK Ges Dnv Kgvbvi mvebvi welq c~Yfve weewPZ
nqQ wKbv Zv wbwZKiY|
Rjv ckvmbK AewnZ Ki wbqwgZ `yhvM welqK cwkY I Kgkvjv AvqvRb|
Avmb wec` msv mZKevZvi cwZ DcRjv KZK I vbxq msvmg~ni h KvhKifve I `Zvi mv_ `yhvM
gvKvejvq cZ I gZvmb nq m j `yhvM KgcwiKbv cYqb|
N~wYSo I RjvQvm msv c~evfvm AwZ `Z DcRjvi mKj KgKZv, mswk eweM / cwZvb Ges BDwbqb chvq
`vwqZcv`i KvQ cQvbvi eev MnY|
DcRjv m`ii RbmvaviYK AcmviYi Rb wbw` AvkqK` / Avkqj wbaviY I AvkqK`i wewfb mev KvR
cwiPvjbvi Rb wewfb eweMK `vwqZ c`vb|

nveyK I 69

AvkqK` / Avkqjmg~n cv fi cvwb mieivn I cqvRbxq mevi eev MnY| BDwbqb `yhvM eevcbv KwgwUi
mv_ hvMvhvM I BDwbqb chvq AewZ Avkq K`mg~n GKB aiYi mev I myweavw` wbwZKiY|
BDwbqb `yhvM eevcbv KwgwUK cv_wgK vY I DviKvh mnvqZvi Rb Rjv m`i I BDwbqb mgyni mv_ hvMvhvM
I BDwbqb chvq AewZ AvkqK` mg~n GKB aiYi mev I myweavw` wbwZKiY|
BDwbqb `yhvM eevcbv KwgwUK cv_wgK vY I DviKvh mnvqZvi Rb Rjv m`i I BDwbqbmg~ni mv_ hvMvhvM
vcb I Dnv msiYi / c~Ytvcbi eev m^wjZ AvbylvwK cwiKbv cYqY|
Rjv I BDwbqb KZci mnvqZvq gvS gvS DcRjv Afi Z_i cPviYv I mZK evZv / c~evfvm cPvi / AcmviY,
Dvi I cv_wgK vYKvh cwiPvjbv welq gnov Abyvbi eevKiY|
Mvg chvq `yhvMi c~evfvm evcK cPvi KiZ MYmPbZv mwKiY|
`yhvMKvj
DcRjv chvq AcmviY, Dvi I vY msv KgKvi mg^qi Rb Riwi cwiPvjbv K` (Z_ K` I wbqY K)
cwiPvjbv|
vbxqfve cvc myweavw` eenvi Ki DviKvh cwiPvjbv Ges Ab`i DviKvh cwiPvjbvi mg^q mvab|
`yhvM eevcbv e~iv I Rjv KZc c` wb`kbv Abymvi DcRjv KgKZve` I BDwbqb `yhvMi dj msNwUZ
q-wZi Dcv msMn I hvPvBKiY, KgKZv ev Ab Kvb hvM eweM viv mgxv cwiPvjbv Ki Z_ webvmi
gvag cqvRb I AMvwaKvi wbaviY|
Rjv KZci wbKU wZ, cqvRb I cvc m` Ges vY I cybevmb KvRi Rb AMvwaKvi wfwZ cqvRb msv
weeiY / Dcv mieivnKiY|
vbxq chvq cybevmb KvRi Rb SuywK nvmKiYi mve eevmg~n mZKZvi m cwiKbv cYqb|
`yhvM eevcbv e~iv I Rjv KZc KZK c` wb`kbv Abymvi vbxqfve ev vY Awa`i / Ab Kvb Drm _K
cv m`, ewbfve wbiwcZ cqvRbi wfwZ Dvi, vY I c~Yevmbi KvRi Rb eiv I weZiYi eev MnY|
vY I cybevmb msv mnvqZv mvgMx weZiYi welq Z`viwK I wnmvevw` msiY Ges Zv Rjv KZc I Abvb vY
c`vbKvix msv mg~ni wbKU ciY|
DcRjv chvqi wewfb `ii ga mg^qi `vwqZ cvjb Kiv| GQvovI `yhvM eevcbv msv vqx Av`kvejx Ges
Dchy KZci ZvrwbK Av`kvbymib Kiv|

BDwbqb `yhvM eevcbv KwgwUi MVb I `vwqZvejx

BDwbqb cwil`i Pqvigvb

mfvcwZ

BDwbqb cwil`i m`me`

m`m

wkK cwZwbwa

m`m

BDwbqb chvqi miKvwi KgKZv

m`m

gwnjv cwZwbwa

m`m

N~wYSo cwZ Kgm~wP (wmwcwc) cwZwbwa

m`m

evsjv`k iWwmU mvmvBwUi cwZwbwa

m`m

GbwRI cwZwbwa

m`m

BDwbqb cwil`i mUvix

70 I nveyK

m`m

vbxq cwiwwZ I wekl Aevi cwZ KwgwUi mfvcwZ cqvRbeva Aviv m`m Kv-A KiZ cvieb| G KwgwU 2 gvm ci
ci mfvq wgwjZ ne| Avc`Kvjxb mgq cZvn GKevi Ges Aevi wKQz DbwZ nj cwZ mvn `yB evi mfvq wgwjZ ne|
BDwbqb `yhvM eevcbv KwgwUi `vwqZ net
^vfvweK mgq
ewMZfve ev msNefve SzuwK nvmKiY eve Kgcv Mnbi welq mK hvZ vbxq RbmvaviY AewnZ nq Zv
wbwZKiY Ges KwgDwbwU chvq SuywK nvmKiY Ges euP _vKvi Dcvqjvi evcK cPvi wbwZKiY|
`yhvM eevcbv e~ivK AewnZ Ki wbqwgZ cwkY I Kgkvjvi AvqvRb Kie|
wbv welqmn Avmb wec` msv mZKevZvi cwZ ev `yhvM msNwUZ nj vbxq RbmvaviY, BDwbqb KZc, vbxq
msvmg~n hvZ cqvRbxq wbivcvg~jK eev MnY KiZ cvi m j `yhvM KgcwiKbv cYqb|
N~wYSo I ebv msv c~evfvm AwZ `Z I KvhKifve cPvii eev MnY Ges RbmvaviYK G chvq Zv`i Rvbgvj
ivq KiYxq mK AewnZKiY|
cqvRbxq g~Z Kvb GjvKvi RbmvaviYK Kvb wbw` Avkq K` / Avkq j hve, Zv wbaviY Ges Avkq K`i
wewfb mevg~jK KvRi Rb wewfb eweMK `vwqZ c`vb|
_vbv KZci mnvqZvq Avkq K` / Avkq j mg~ni KvQ wbavwiZ vb nZ cvwb mieivn Ges cqvRb Abvb mev
c`vbi welq wbwZKiY|
vbxq DviKvh cwiKbv, cv_wgK vbKvh cwiPvjbv, _vbv m`ii m hvMvhvM c~Ytvcb Ges gvivZK wZM
cwievijvK cybevmbi vbxq eev m^wjZ AvbylvwK cwiKbv cYqb|
_vbv KZci mnvqZvq mZKevZv / c~evfvm cPvi / AcmviY, Dvi I cv_wgK vYKvh cwiPvjbv welq gnov Abyvbi
eevKiY|
`yhvMKvj
cqvRb vbxqfve cvc myweavw` eenvi Ki cv_wgK DviKvh cwiPvjbv Ges wb`wkZ nj Ab`iK DviKvR
mnhvwMZv c`vb|
`yhvM eevcbv e~iv I _vbv KZc KZK c` bxwZgvjvi AvjvK wZ msv Dcv msMn I Zv _vbv KZci wbKU
ciY|
`yhvM eevcbv e~iv I _vbv KZc c` bxwZgvjvi AbymiY vbxqfve Ges Ab Kvb Drm ev vY I cybevmb `i
_K cv cybevmb DcKiYvw` weZiYi eev MnY|
cv m` weZiYi wnmve _vbv KZc ev c`vbKvwi cwZvbi wbKU ciY| G QvovI `yhvM eevcbv msv vbxq
Av`kvejx Ges Dchy KZci ZvrwbK Av`k AbymiY Kie|

4.10.2 RvZxq `yhvM eevcbv KgcwiKbv

RvZxq `yhvM eevcbv KgcwiKbvq h welqjv mK AvjvPbv Kiv nqQ, Zv mswfve GLvb Zzj aiv njvt
wec`vcb GjvKv wPwZKiY;
m`i cqvRbxqZv wbaviY Ges cwiKwZ Kgm~wP evevqb;
mvov c`vbi KgcwiKbv I cwZ cYqb;
`yhvM KvwUq IVvi KgcwiKbv I cwZ cYqb:
eQi GKevi `yhvM SuywK eevcbv KgcwiKbv chvjvPbv Ges nvjbvMv` KiY;
Rjv chvqi mKj Knvvi, wefvMxq Kwgkbvimn mKji wbKU `yhvM msv Z_ I Dcv mnRjf KiY;
mKj `yhvM eevcbv KwgwUi mgZv ewi Kgm~wP wbwZKiY|

evsjv`k `yhvM eevcbvi cvwZvwbK KvVvgvt

`yhvM eevcbvi cwZvwbK KvVvgv wb Zzj aiv nqQ, hvZ Ki ZYg~j chvq (BDwbqb, _vbv I Rjv) `yhvM eevcbvi mv_
hy cwZvb Ges cwZvbjvi mv_ wefvMxq I RvZxq chvqi cwZvbmg~ni aviYv jvf Kiv hvq|
nveyK I 71

Rjv `yhvM eevcbv KwgwUi MVYt

Disaster Management Institutions in Bangladesh

Rjv `yhvM eevcbv KwgwU

National Disaster Management Council

(NDMC)

Inter Ministerial Disaster Management

Coondination Committee (IMDMCC)

National Platform for

Disaster Risk Reduction
(NPDRR)

CPP Impleme Ntation Board

(CPPIB

Ministry of Food and

Disaster Management
(MoFDM)

Disaster Management and

Relief Division (DM&RD)

Disaster Management Bureau

(DMB)

National Disaster
Management Advlisory
Committee (NDMAC)

Earthquake Preparedness
and Awareness

Directorate of Relief and

Rehabititation (DRR)

Food Division

Director General of
Food (DGFood)

District Disaster Management

Committee (DDMC)

Zone/Upazila

Union

Upazila Disaster Management

Committee (UzDMC)

CSDDWS
Union Disaster Management
Committee (UDMC)

Rjv ckvmK

mfvcwZ

Rjv chvqi mswk wefvMi KgKZv

m`m

mKj DcRjv wbevnx KgKZv

m`m

`yBRb gbvbxZ gwnjv cwZwbwa

m`m

evsjv`k iWwmU mvmvBwUi cwZwbwa

m`m

GbwRI cwZwbwa

m`m

Rjv vY I cybevmb KgKZv

m`m

AvgW dvmm cwZwbwa

m`m

4.10.3 mvweK `yhvM eevcbv Kgm~wP (wmwWGgwc)

City Corporation Disaster
Management Committee
(CCDMC)

Municipal Disaster
Management
Committee (MDMC)

ZYg~j chvq `yhvM eevcbv Kgm~wP evevqb Kivi j Avgv`i vbxq chvq `yhvM eevcbvq wbhy KgKZve`i mv_
hvMvhvM Kivi cqvRb nZ cvi| GB cqvRbxqZv _K GLvb Rjv `yhvM eevcbv KwgwUi MVb Zzj aiv njv, hvZ Ki
`yhvM eevcbv Kgm~wPZ hy RbMvx vbxq `yhvM eevcbvq wbqvwRZ KgKZve` mK RvbZ cvib|

FPOCC

2004 mvj evsjv`k miKvii Lv` I `yhvM eevcbv gYvjqi Aaxb mvweK `yhvM eevcbv Kgm~wP (wmwWGgwc) ev
Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme Pvjy Kiv nq| evsjv`ki AbZg DbqY Askx`vi BDGbwWwc,
wWGdAvBwW Ges BDivcxq Kwgkbi Avw_K mnvqZvq cwiPvwjZ GB Kgm~wPi AvIZvq 12wU KvbU iqQ| Lv` I `yhvM
eevcbv gYvjq QvovI cwiek I eb gYvjq Ges Kwl gYvjqmn ek KqKwU miKvwi msv I emiKvwi msv GB Kgm~wPi
mv_ m iqQ|
wmwWGgwc Kgm~wPwUi c_g chvq 2004 mvj i nq 2009 mji wWm^i G kl nqQ| Avevi 2010 mvj Rvbyqvwi gvm _K
Kgm~wPwUi wZxq chvq, A_vr wmwWGgwc vBwZga wWm^i 2009 wmwWGgwc c_g chvqi KvR kl nqQ Ges Rvbyqvwi 2010 _K
wmwWGgwci wZxq chvqi KvR i nqQ, Pje AvMvgx 2014 mvj ch|

NGOCC
DMTATF

mvweK `yhvM eevcbv Kgm~wP, c_g chvq: 2004-2009

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP) Phase I: 2004-2009
mvweK `yhvM eevcbv Kgm~wP, wZxq chvq: 2010-2014
Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP) Phase II: 2010-2014
wmwWGgwc cKi gvag Rjevqy cwieZbi askvZK cfvemn cvKwZK I gbylm Avc` I gvivZK NUbvi (Extreme Events)
cwZwqv nvmi gvag evsjv`ki wec`vcbZvmg~nK nvm Kivi j wbaviY Kiv nqQ| Kgm~wPi gvag SuywK eevcbv I
cieZxZ SzuwK eevcbvi welqjvK RvZxq bxwZgvjv I AvBbmg~ni mv_ mgw^Z (gBwwgs) Kiv ne| G j mvweK `yhvM
eevcbv Kgm~wPi wZxq chvqwU njv g~jZt c_g chvqi Kgm~wPi ewaZ chvq, hvi gvag `yhvM SuywK eevcbvi welqjvK
hwKfve RvZxq bxwZgvjv I AvBbmg~ni mv_ mgw^ZKiYi KvRK GwMq bqv ne|

72 I nveyK

nveyK I 73

Qwe t Advg

DcRjv chvq cwiKbv mfv AbywZ ne Ges cwiKbvwU _vbv wbevnx KgKZv I DcRjv `yhvM eevcbv KwgwUi
wbKU Dcvcb Kiv ne|
Rjv ckvmKK wPwVi gvag DcRjvq mgvRwfwK SuuywK wbicb mfv AbywZ Kivi wmv AewnZ KiZ ne|
DcRjv `yhvM eevcbv KwgwUi m`me` DcRjv chvq mgvRwfwK SuywK wbicY mvjK `j Zix Kiv ne Ges
Zviv 2/3 w`b evwc IwiqUkb cwkY cveb|
mgvRwfwK SuywK wbicbi `vwqZ wbqvwRZ msv gvawgK Drm _K Z_ I Dcv msMn Kieb|
9wU IqvWi cwZwUZ Rb Avjv`v Avjv`v fve mgvRwfwK SuywK wbicY I SzuwK nvmi KgcwiKbv Kiv ne Ges cwZ
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Organization
Ministry of Food and Disaster Management
Disaster Management Bureau
Dirrectorate of Relief and Rehabilitation
Comprehensive Disaster Management Program (CDMP)
African Center for Disaster Studies

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Africa Regional Strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction

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Action Aid Bangladesh

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Website
www.mofdm.gov.gd
www.dmp.gov.bd
www.drr.gov.bd
www.cdmp.org.bd
www.acds.co.za
www.unisdrafrica.org
www.actionaid.org/bangaldesh

Asian Disaster Reduction Centre

www.adrc.asia

Asian Disaster Preperedness centre (ADPC)

www.adpc.net

Asia-Pacific network for Gloval Change Research (APN)

www.apn.gr.jp

Bangladesh Disaster Preperedness Centre (BDPC)

www.bdpc.org.bd

BRAC University (Postgraduate Programs in DM)

www.bracu.ac.bd

Aon Benifield UCL Hazard Research Centre (ABUHRC)

www.benfieldhrc.org

Center the Co-ordination for the prevention of natural

Disaster in Central America

www.cepredenac.org

Natural Hazards Center, University of Colorado at Boulder

Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED)

www.colorado.edu/hazards
www.cred.be

The Caribbean Disaster Emergency Responsev Agency (CDERA)

www.cdera.org

CRID-Centro Regional the Information for Disaster

www.crid.or.cr

Doryog Nivaran, South Asian Network for Disaster

Risk Reduction

www.duryognivaran.org

World Institute for Disaster Risk Management

Department for International Development (DFID)
National Drought Mitigation Center, University of Nebraska-Lincon
USGS-Earthquake Hazards Program

www.drmonline.net
www.dfd.gov.uk
www.drought.unl.edu
www.earthquake.usgs.gov

Organization
Earth Summit 2002- Building Partnerships for Develolpment
Economic Commission for Latin America And the
Caribbean (ECLAC)
Earthquake Hazard Centre New Zealand
EM-DAT: Emergency Events Database
Foot and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
FEMA-gatdissaster information
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
Geo Hazards international
Glide Number- a Gloval Referencing System for Disaster Events
Center for Hazards and Risk Research, Columbia University, USA

Website
www.earthsummit2002.org
www.eclac.org
www.ehc.arch.vuw.ac.nz
www.emdat.be
www.fao.org
www.fema.gov/hazard
freshwater.unep.net
www.geic.or.jp
www.glidenumber.net
www.deo.columbia.edu/chrr

Internation Development Research Centre Canada

www.idrc.ca

International Fedaration of Red Cresent Societies

www.ifrc.org

Indian Association of Social Science Institutions

Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC)
IRI- The International Research Institute of Climate and Society
Integrated Regoinal information networks (IRIN)
The Center for isaster Studies at JCU- James Cook Univesity, AUS

iassi.nic.in
ico.uncscu.org
www.iri.columbia.edu
www.irinnews.org
www.jcu.edu.au

Center for Ecology and Hidrology in U.K

www.ceh.ac.ik

NOAAs National Wether Service

www.noaa.gov

Network for Information, Response and Preparedbess Activities on

Disaster (NIRAPAD), Bangladesh
Gender Fire Monitoring Center (GFMC)
Global Fire Monitoring Centre (GFMC)
Pacific Disaster Center (PDC)

www.nirapad.org
www.gdnonline.org
www..fire.uni-firebrig.de
www.pdc.org

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