February 5, 2006

CHAPTER 9

P.P.9.1

amplitude = 5
phase = -60
angular frequency () = 4 = 12.57 rad/s
2
period (T) =
= 0.5 s

1
frequency (f) =
= 2 Hz
T

i1 = -4 sin(t + 25) = 4 cos(t + 25 + 90)

i1 = 4 cos(t + 115) ,
= 377 rad/s
Compare this with
i 2 = 5 cos(t 40)
indicates that the phase angle between i1 and i 2 is
115 + 40 = 155
Thus,
i1 leads i2 by 155
P.P.9.2

P.P.9.3

P.P.9.4

(a)

(5 + j2)(-1 + j4) = -5 + j20 j2 8 = -13 + j18

560 = 2.5 + j4.33
(5 + j2)(-1 + j4) 560 = -15.5 + j13.67
[ (5 + j2)(-1 + j4) 560 ]* = -15.5 j13.67 = 20.67221.41

(b)

340 = 2.298 + j1.928

10 + j5 + 340 = 12.298 + j6.928 = 14.11529.39
-3 + j4 = 5126.87
10 + j5 + 340 14.11529.39
=
= 2.823 - 97.48
- 3 + j4
5126.87
2.823-97.48 = -0.3675 j2.8
1030 = 8.66 + j5
10 + j5 + 340
+ 1030 = 8.293 + j2.2
- 3 + j4

(a)

-cos(A) = cos(A 180) = cos(A + 180)

Hence,
v = -7 cos(2t + 40) = 7 cos(2t + 40 + 180)
v = 7 cos(2t + 220)
The phasor form is
V = 7220 V
Since sin(A) = cos(A 90),

(b)

i = 4 sin(10t + 10) = 4 cos(10t+10 90)

i = 4 cos(10t 80)
The phasor form is
I = 4-80 A
P.P.9.5

(a)

Since -1 = 1-180 = 1180

V = -1030 = 10(30+180) = 10210
The sinusoid is
v(t) = 10 cos(t + 210) V

(b)

I = j (5 j12) = 12 + j5 = 1322.62
The sinusoid is
i(t) = 13 cos(t + 22.62) A

P.P.9.6

Let V = -10 sin( t + 30) + 20 cos( t 45)

Then, V = 10 cos(t + 30 + 90) + 20 cos(t 45)
Taking the phasor of each term
V = 10120 + 20-45
V = -5 + j8.66 + 14.14 j14.14
V = 9.14 j5.48 = 10.66-30.95
Converting V to the time domain
v(t) = 10.66 cos(t 30.95)V

P.P.9.7

Given that
dv
2 + 5v + 10 v dt = 20 cos(5t 30)
dt
we take the phasor of each term to get
10
2j V +5 V +
V = 20-30,
= 5
j
V [j10 + 5 j(10/5)] = V (5 + j8) = 20-30
20 - 30 20 - 30
=
V =
5 + j8
9.434 58
V = 2.12-88
Converting V to the time domain
v(t) = 2.12 cos(5t 88)V

P.P.9.8

For the capacitor,

V = I / (jC),where V = 6-30, = 100
I = jC V = (j100)(50x10-6)(6-30)
I = 3060 mA
i(t) = 30 cos(100t + 60) mA

P.P.9.9

Vs = 50,

= 10

Z = 4 + jL = 4 + j2
50 5 (4 j2)
=
= 1 j0.5 = 1.118-26.57
4 + j2
16 + 4
V = jL I = j2 I = (290)(1.118-26.57) = 2.23663.43
I = Vs / Z =

Therefore,

v(t) = 2.236 sin(10t + 63.43) V

i(t) = 1.118 sin(10t 26.57) A

P.P.9.10
Let
Z1 = impedance of the 2-mF capacitor in series with the 20- resistor
Z2 = impedance of the 4-mF capacitor
Z3 = impedance of the 2-H inductor in series with the 50- resistor
1
1
= 20 +
= 20 j50
jC
j (10)(2 10 -3 )
1
1
Z2 =
=
= -j25
jC j (10)(4 10 -3 )
Z3 = 50 + jL = 50 + j (10)( 2) = 50 + j 20

Z1 = 20 +

Zin = Z1 + Z2 || Z3 = Z1 + Z2 Z3 / (Z2 + Z3)

- j25x (50 + j20)
Zin = 20 j50 +
- j25 + 50 + j20
Zin = 20 j50 + 12.38 j23.76
Zin = 32.38 j73.76
P.P.9.11
In the frequency domain,
the voltage source is Vs = 1075
the 0.5-H inductor is jL = j (10)(0.5) = j5
1
1
1
-F capacitor is
the
=
= - j2
jC j (10)(1 20)
20
Let
and

Z1 = impedance of the 0.5-H inductor in parallel with the 10- resistor

Z2 = impedance of the (1/20)-F capacitor
(10)( j5)
= 2 + j4
and
Z2 = -j2
10 + j5
Vo = Z2 / (Z1 + Z2) Vs
j (10 75) 10 (75 90)
j2
Vo =
(10 75) =
=
2 + j4 j2
1+ j
2 45
Vo = 7.071-60
vo(t) = 7.071 cos(10t 60) V
Z1 = 10 || j5 =

P.P.9.12
We need to find the equivalent impedance via a delta-to-wye
transformation as shown below.
c
Zcn

n
Zan
300 V

Zbn

a
5

10
-j2

4 (-5 + j8)
j4 (8 + j5)
=
= 0.32 + j3.76
8 + j6
j4 + 8 + j5 j3
- j3 (8 + j5)
3 (5 j8)(8 j6)
=
=
= -0.24 j2.82
8 + j6
100
j4 (- j3) 12 (8 j6)
=
=
= 0.96 j0.72
8 + j6
100

Zan =
Zbn
Zcn

The total impedance from the source terminals is

Z = Zcn + (Zan + 5 j2) || (Zbn + 10)
Z = Zcn + (5.32 + j1.76) || (9.76 j2.82)
(5.32 + j1.76) (9.76 j2.82)
Z = Zcn +
(5.32 + j1.76) + (9.76 j2.82)
Z = 0.96 j0.72 + 3.744 + j0.4074
Z = 4.704 j0.3126 = 4.714-3.802
Therefore,

30 0
4.714 3.802
I = 6.3643.802 A

I = V/Z =

Let us now check this using PSpice. The solution produces the magnitude of I =
6.364E+00, and the phase angle = 3.803E+00, which agrees with the above answer.

P.P.9.13
To show that the circuit in Fig. (a) meets the requirement, consider the
equivalent circuit in Fig. (b).
Z = -j10 || (10 j10) =
10

V1

10

+
Vi

- j10 (10 j10)

- j (10 j10)
=
= 2 j6
10 j20
1 j2
10
+

+
-j10

-j10

Vo

Vi = 10 V

V1

(a)

(b)

Z = 2j6

2 j6
10
(10) =
(1 j)
10 + 2 j6
3
- j 10
- j10
10
(1 j) = - j
Vo =
V1 =
3
10 j10
1 j 3
10
Vo =
- 90
3
This implies that the RC circuit provides a 90 lagging phase shift.
10
= 3.333 V
The output voltage is
3
V1 =

P.P.9.14
the 1-mH inductor is jL = j (2)(5 10 3 )(1 10 -3 ) = j31.42
the 2-mH inductor is jL = j (2)(5 10 3 )(2 10 -3 ) = j62.83
Consider the circuit shown below.
j31.42

V1

j62.83

+
Vi

+
10

50

Vo

(10)(50 + j62.83)
60 + j62.83
Z = 9.205 + j0.833 = 9.2435.17
Z = 10 || (50 + j62.83) =

9.2435.17
(1) = 0.276-68.9
9.205 + j32.253
50 (0.276 - 68.9)
50
V1 =
Vo =
= 0.172-120.4
80.297 51.49
50 + j62.83
V1 = Z / (Z + j31.42) Vi =

Therefore,
magnitude = 0.172
phase = 120.4
phase shift is lagging

P.P.9.15

Zx = (Z3 / Z1) Z2
Z3 = 12 k
Z1 = 4.8 k
Z2 = 10 + jL = 10 + j (2 )(6 10 6 ) (0.25 10 -6 ) = 10 + j9.425
12k
Zx =
(10 + j9.425) = 25+ j23.5625
4 .8 k

Rx = 25,
Xx = 23.5625 = Lx
Xx
23.5625
Lx =
=
= 0.625 H
2f 2 (6 10 6 )
i.e. a 25- resistor in series with a 0.625-H inductor.