FREEDOM RIDERS

Site-Support Notebook

Freedom Riders
Site-Support Notebook: Contents
NOTE: This notebook is also available at http://www.gilderlehrman.org/institute/public_traveling.html (Click on Sites hosting the Freedom Riders exhibition click here) NOTE: Sample exhibition setup instructions at the end of note book Front pocket: Information from the National Endowment for the Humanities, the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, and AMERICAN EXPERIENCE Back pocket: a CD containing the authorized publicity image, sponsor logos, exhibition poster, sample PR materials, a CD containing the Guide By Cell audio files, poster for Guide By Cell easel, and a five minute DVD that gives an overview of the documentary Freedom Riders Section 1General * Questions about the exhibition * Exhibition credits * Publicity approval * Security and insurance * Telling legislators * Exhibition itinerary * Project Coordinator Contact List * Americans with Disabilities Act * Books for adult readers * Books for younger readers * Related web sites * Films * Partnering with Public Television 38 41 44 46 48

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Section 2Programming * Exhibition support materials 12 * Overview of Exhibit 13 and Organization * Overview of FREEDOM RIDERS 14 documentary and project Section 3Resources * Traveling exhibition script * Guide By Cell Transcript

Section 4Publicity * Authorized publicity image and 50 Guidelines for use of publicity image * Calendar listing/media alert 51 * News Release 53 * Public service announcements 57 * Promotion suggestions 58 Section 5Logistics * Exhibit shipping and receiving * Exhibition damage report form * Institution final report form * Sample setup instructions

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QUESTIONS?
If you have any questions about.

* PROJECT THEMES * PROGRAMMING RESOURCES CONTACT: Susan Saidenberg Director of Public Programs and Exhibitions The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History 19 West 44th Street, Suite 500 New York, NY 10036 Phone: (646) 366-9666 Fax: (646) 366-9669 E-mail: saidenberg@gilderlehrman.org * FREEDOM RIDER Film * AMERICAN EXPERIENCE CONTACT: Lauren Prestileo Project Manager AMERICAN EXPERIENCE WGBH BOSTON One Guest Street Boston, MA 02135 Phone: (617) 300-5907 E-mail: lauren_prestileo@wgbh.org

* PUBLICITY CONTACT: Chelsea Van der Gaag Marketing and Communications Manager The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History 19 West 44th Street, Suite 500 New York, NY 10036 Phone: (646) 366-9666 Fax: (646) 366-9669 E-mail: vandergaag@gilderlehrman.org * EXHIBITION SHIPPING * TOUR ITINERARY/SCHEDULE * DAMGE/REPAIRS CONTACT: Joanna Byrne Office Manager and Traveling Exhibitions Coordinator The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History 19 West 44th Street, Suite 500 New York, NY 10036 Phone: (646) 366-9666 Fax: (646) 366-9669 E-mail: byrne@gilderlehrman.org * BROUCHURES * FINAL REPORTS CONTACT: Elizabeth Huffer Project Coordinator The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History 19 West 44th Street, Suite 500 New York, NY 10036 Phone: (646) 366-9666 Fax: (646) 366-9669 E-mail: huffer@gilderlehrman.org

Freedom Riders Exhibition Credits Please use the following credit information on materials you produce for the exhibition. Freedom Riders is a traveling exhibition developed by the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History in partnership with AMERICAN EXPERIENCE. Major funding for the traveling exhibition provided by the National Endowment for the Humanities. Exclusive corporate funding for AMERICAN EXPERIENCE is provided by Liberty Mutual. Major funding provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. Additional funding provided by Lynn Bay Dayton, Rodger & Dawn Nordblom, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting and public television viewers. Further Guidelines for Sponsor Acknowledgement The credit above should appear on all printed and other visual materials related to the exhibition, including press releases, brochures, publications, invitations, program flyers, advertisements, press kits, announcements, websites and local posters. It should also appear on any signage at the entrance to the exhibition. On all materials, it should appear in a type size that is readable and appropriate to the overall design. Please use the Gilder Lehrman Institute, AMERICAN EXPERIENCE, and NEH logos on all materials whenever possible, in particular on smaller PR pieces on which there is not space for the full credit. In speaking to or sending press releases to newspaper reporters, radio and TV interviewers and other media personnel, please stress that full sponsorship and funding credit should be included in all articles and features. Some institutions include a line set off at the beginning of a press release saying Editor: Please do not edit out sponsorship credits in paragraph __. At press events and in public programs: The sponsorship of the NEH, the Gilder Lehrman Institute, and AMERICAN EXPERIENCE should be acknowledged orally at the beginning and end of press conferences, public programs, and other public events connected with the exhibition, and at the beginning and end of radio or television interviews. Use the official exhibition credit as a guide for oral announcements. Local sponsor credits: Local sponsor credit must follow the exhibition credit line or logos and be in a type size no larger than the exhibition credit, with the exception of materials that are entirely supported by another funding source. In those cases, it is still necessary for the above credit line and/or logos to appear, but the additional sponsors credit may appear first and in larger type.

Publicity Approval Publicity for the exhibition is the responsibility of the exhibiting institution; however, the Gilder Lehrman Institute will work with each institution to achieve the best coverage possible. Please contact the Gilder Lehrman Institute if you have questions or need PR materials. NEH REQUIRES THAT INSTITUTIONS SUBMITAT LEAST THREE DAYS BEFORE PRINTING OR POSTINGALL DRAFT COPIES of press releases, media advisories, web site articles or notices, backgrounders, program flyers, ads, and exhibition invitations to the Gilder Lehrman Institute either by fax or e-mail. Please send a draft copy to Chelsea Van der Gaag, Tel: (646) 366-9666, Fax: (646) 3669669, E-mail: vandergaag@gilderlehrman.org. We will review materials immediately. Copies of all press coverage, including videotapes of television coverage and audiotapes of radio reports, should be sent to the Gilder Lehrman Institute with the institutions final report. Security and Insurance Exhibitions may be displayed in a gallery or other open areas in the institution, but preferably not in a hallway. No exhibition is to be displayed outdoors or in a tent or other temporary structure. Supervision by a guard or institution staff member is required. It is preferable that someone is in the room with the exhibition at all timesthey may be performing other duties as well as monitoring the exhibition. If that is not possible, we expect that a staff member or guard will walk around and monitor the exhibit periodically during the times it is open. We suggest doing this at least every fifteen minutes during times of peak institution use and every half-hour during less busy times. If an institution is determined to be at fault in damage or loss of any part of the exhibition, then the institution will be responsible for paying the replacement or restoration costs. If the institution is determined not to be at fault, the costs of damage or loss will be taken care of without fees, through the exhibition grants budget and insurance budget. The value of the Freedom Riders exhibit is $30,000. Some institutions add a rider to their insurance policy for the exhibit period.

Telling Legislators We would appreciate if you would inform your local, state and national legislators that the institution and community are participants in a major National Endowment for the Humanities-funded project. Invite them to the opening reception or to other programs which you are sponsoring; invite them to speak or introduce speakers. Also urge your patrons to contact their legislators about institution programs they value. A previous exhibition host distributed a flyer that said: If you enjoyed the program this afternoon, please feel free to write to any or all of the following to express your appreciation. Paper and envelopes are available as you leave and there will be stamps for sale if you wish to write immediately. Thank you in advance for supporting your institution and its programs. A list of local, state and federal elected legislators and their addresses and fax numbers should follow the request.

Freedom Riders Exhibition Itinerary 2010-2011 Please note that the arrival date in column one indicates the day on which the exhibition will be delivered to your site. Based on past experience it will take about two hours to set up the exhibition, which requires no tools or special equipment. However, since we cannot confirm the exact hour of arrival, we suggest that you plan your opening for the following day. The close/breakdown date appears in column two. The exhibition will be picked up one to two days after the close date with the logistical details to follow. To accommodate building and staffing schedules, there will be no weekend pick-ups or deliveries. FREEDOM RIDERS EXHIBIT SCHEDULE 2010-2011 Set 1*
ARRIVE/SET UP CLOSE DATE/ BREAKDOWN

INSTITUTION
Lehman College, Leonard Lief Library Bronx, NY New Orleans Public Library African American Resource Center New Orleans, LA Nancy Carson Library North Augusta, SC Live Oak Public Libraries Southwest Chatham Beach Savannah, GA
Fulton-Holland Educational Services Center West Palm Beach, FL

1. Nov. 18, 2010 2. Dec. 22, 2011 3. Feb. 8, 2011 4. Mar. 14, 2011 5. Apr. 25, 2011 6. Jun. 3, 2011 7. Jul. 8, 2011 8. Sept. 1, 2011 9. October 5, 2011

Dec. 13, 2010 Jan. 31, 2011 Mar. 7, 2011 Apr. 18, 2011 May 27, 2011 Jul. 1, 2011 Aug. 12, 2011 Sept. 29, 2011 November 2, 2011

Cameron Village Library Raleigh, NC Dole Institute of Politics at Uni. of Kansas Lawrence, KS Birmingham History Center Birmingham, AL Detroit Public Library Detroit, MI

*Tour schedule still in formation.

FREEDOM RIDERS EXHIBIT SCHEDULE 2010-2011 Set 2*

ARRIVE/SET UP CLOSE DATE/ BREAKDOWN

INSTITUTION
John Handley High School Winchester, VA University of Wisconsin Milwaukee Milwaukee, WI
San Diego Public Library San Diego, CA

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Dec. 20, 2010 Jan. 24, 2011 Feb. 28, 2011 Apr. 4, 2011 May 9, 2011 Jun. 13, 2011 Jul. 18, 2011 Aug. 22, 2011 Sept. 26, 2011

Jan. 18, 2011 Feb. 21, 2011 Mar. 28, 2011 May 2, 2011 Jun. 6, 2011 Jul. 11, 2011 Aug. 15, 2011 Sept. 19, 2011 Oct. 24, 2011 Nov. 28, 2011

Kansas City Public Library Kansas City, MO Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum Austin, TX Salt Lake City Public Library Salt Lake City, UT San Francisco Public Library San Francisco, CA Arizona State University Libraries Tempe, AZ Museum of History & Industry Seattle, WA Blair Caldwell African American Research Library Denver Public Library Denver, CO

10. Oct. 31, 2011

*Tour schedule still in formation.

Freedom Riders Project Coordinator Contact List Set 1 November 18 December 13, 2010 Lehman College Leonard Lief Library 250 Bedford Park Blvd. West Bronx, NY 10468-1589 Janet Butler Munch Special Collections Librarian (718) 960-8603 janet.munch@lehman.cuny.edu January 3 31, 2011 New Orleans Public Library African American Resource Center 219 Loyola Avenue New Orleans, LA 70112 Lavon Williams (504) 596-2597 lwilliams@neworleanspubliclibrary.org February 7 March 7, 2011 Nancy Carson Library 135 Edgefield Road North Augusta, SC 29841 Barbara Walker (803) 202-3587 barbaraw@abbe-lib.org March 14 April 18, 2011 Live Oak Public Libraries Southwest Chatham Beach 2002 Bull Road Savannah, GA 31401 John Tuggle (912) 652-3604 tugglej@liveoakpl.org April 25 May 27, 2011 Fulton-Holland Educational Services Center 3300 Forest Hill Blvd West Palm Beach, FL 33406 Laurie Cotton (561) 357-1160 cottonl@palmbeach.k12.fl.us June 3 July 1, 2011 Cameron Village Library 1930 Clark Avenue Raleigh, NC 27605 Robert Lambert (919) 856-6711 Robert.lambert@wakegov.com July 8 August 12, 2011 Dole Institute of Politics at University of Kansas 2350 Petefish Drive Lawrence, KS 66045 Morgan Davis (785) 864-1405 mrd@ku.edu September 1-29, 2011 Birmingham History Center 1731 First Ave N Birmingham, AL 35203 Jerry Desmond (205) 202-4146 jdesmond@bham.rr.com October 5 November 2, 2011 Detroit Public Library 5201 Woodward Detroit, MI 48202 Conrad Welsing (313) 481-1340 cwelsing@detroitpubliclibrary.org Set 2 December 20, 2010 January 18, 2011 John Handley High School 425 Handley Boulevard Winchester, VA 22604

Holly Sanders (540) 662-3471 sanders@wps.k12.va.us January 24 February 21, 2011 University of Wisconsin Milwaukee 2200 E. Kenwood Blvd, PO Box 143 Milwaukee, WI 53201 Jasmine Alinder, PhD (414) 229-3675 jalinder@uwm.edu February 28 March 28, 2011 San Diego Public Library 820 E Street San Diego, CA 92101 Marc Chery (619) 236-5817 mchery@sandiego.gov April 4 May 2, 2011 Kansas City Public Library 14 West 10th Kansas City, MO 64105 Henry Fortunato (816) 701-3400 henryfortunato@kclibrary.org May 9 June 6, 2011 Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum 2313 Red River Street Austin, TX 78705 Michael MacDonald (512) 721-0199 Michael.macdonald@nara.gov June 13 July 11, 2011 Salt Lake City Public Library 210 East 400 South Salt Lake City, UT 84111 Howard Brough (801) 322-8164

hbrough@slcpl.org July 18 August 15, 2011 San Francisco Public Library 100 Larkin Street San Francisco, CA 94201 Everett Erlandson (415) 557-4596 eerlandson@sfpl.org August 22 September 19, 2011 Arizona State University Libraries Hayden Library ASU Tempe Campus 300Orange Mall Tempe Arizona 85287-1006 Karrie Porter Brace (480) 965-4925 Karrie.porterbrace@asu.edu September 26 October 24, 2011 Museum of History & Industry 2700 24th Ave E. Seattle, WA 98112-2099 Mark Gleason (206) 324-1126 Mark.gleason@seattlehistory.org October 31 November 28, 2011 Blair Caldwell African American Research Library Denver Public Library 2401 Welton Street Denver, CO 80205 Erin Lally (720) 865-2411 elally@denverlibrary.org

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The Americans with Disabilities Act The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) (PL 101-336), effective since July 1992, guarantees that people with disabilities shall have equal access to employment, public services and accommodations, transportation and telecommunication services. As public service providers, institutions must make reasonable efforts to give disabled people the same access to information, programs and resources enjoyed by those who are not disabled. Each institution on the Freedom Riders tour will have varying capabilities for providing equal access to disabled people. We urge you to do as much as you reasonably can to make the exhibition accessible to the disabled population. Local or regional agencies which are responsible for services for the disabled may be helpful. We offer the following suggestions to enhance the accessibility of Freedom Riders: Allow space for wheelchairs when you are setting up the exhibition. Prepare a large-print version of publicity materials and program handouts. Offer signed tours of the exhibition at specified times. Provide for signing at programs related to the exhibition. Produce an audiotape of the exhibition text for people who cannot read it. Make members of the instution staff available at certain times to walk through the exhibit with people in wheelchairs, the visibly impaired, etc.

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Freedom Riders Exhibition Support Materials NOTE: Brochures will be shipped four weeks before the institutions exhibition period, unless otherwise requested by institutions. Brochure A full color illustrated brochure will provide visitors to the exhibition with a summary of exhibition themes as well as a list of additional readings. Each institution exhibition site may request up to 2,000 brochures. Film The exhibition will travel with a five minute film that gives an overview of the FREEDOM RIDERS documentary. The clip cannot be posted to websites, but you can link to the trailer of the documentary at: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/freedomriders/watch From acclaimed filmmaker Stanley Nelson, FREEDOM RIDERS features testimony from a fascinating cast of characters: the Riders themselves, state and federal government officials, and journalists who witnessed the rides firsthand. The two-hour film is based on Raymond Arsenaults book Freedom Riders: 1961 and the Struggle for Racial Justice. FREEDOM RIDERS premieres on PBS stations nationwide on May 16, 2011. The film will stream online at www.pbs.org/freedomriders following the PBS premiere, and is available for purchase at www.shopPBS.org. CD All institutions will receive a CD containing the authorized publicity image, exhibition poster, sponsor logos, poster for Guide By Cell easel, and sample PR materials as well as a CD that contains the Guide By Cell audio files. Guide By Cell Easel In order to make the Guide By Cell feature more prominent, we are asking that institutions print out the Guide By Cell poster found on the exhibition support material cd, place it in the 8.5 x 11 poster easel, and set up the easel on a table or cart at the beginning of the exhibition.

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Freedom Riders Overview of Exhibit and Organization

Overview: The 1961 Freedom Rides From May until November 1961, more than 400 black and white Americans risked their livesmany endured savage beatings and imprisonmentfor simply traveling together on buses and trains as they journeyed through the Deep South. Theirs is the powerful, harrowing and ultimately inspirational story of six months in 1961 that changed America forever. Despite two earlier Supreme Court decisions that mandated the desegregation of interstate travel facilities, black Americans in 1961 continued to endure hostility and racism while traveling through the South. The Freedom Riders set out to change that. Coming from all strata of American societyblack and white, young and old, male and female, Northern and Southernthe Freedom Riders embarked on the Rides aware that their actions could provoke a savage response but willing to put their lives on the line for the cause of justice. Deliberately violating Jim Crow laws, their belief in non-violent activism was sorely tested as mob violence and bitter racism greeted them along the way. Each time the Freedom Riders met violence and their campaign seemed doomed, new ways were found to sustain and even expand the movement. After Klansmen in Alabama set fire to an original Freedom Ride bus, student activists from Nashville organized a ride of their own. The Rides was front-page news and the world was watching, forcing a reluctant Kennedy administration to take action. Later, Mississippi officials locked up more than 300 Riders in the notorious Parchman State Penitentiary. Rather than weaken the Riders resolve, the move only strengthened their determination. None of the obstacles placed in their path would weaken their commitment. After nearly five months of fighting, the federal government capitulated. In September of 1961, the Interstate Commerce Commission issued its order to end segregation in bus and rail stations. It was the first unambiguous victory in the long history of the civil rights movement, and it raised expectations across the board for greater victories in the future. Organization The exhibition is divided into six chronological sections describing the context of the civil rights movement in the early Kennedy years, through the events of the summer of 1961, and their legacy: federal civil rights legislation, and a model for grassroots movements to bring about change in the United Sates.

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Freedom Riders Traveling Exhibition Script Section 1: The Journey to Nonviolence Freedom Riders Would you get on a bus to defend your ideals, even if it meant encountering violence? Fifty years ago, more than 400 ordinary Americans did. By 1960, two U.S. Supreme Court decisions had ruled that requiring racial segregation in interstate travel was illegal. But the rulings were largely ignored in the South. To challenge this status quo, the Freedom Riders performed a simple act. They traveled into the segregated South in small interracial groups and sat where they pleased on interstate buses. The Freedom Rides began on May 4, 1961, with a group of thirteen Riders recruited and trained by the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). By the summer, the Rides had evolved into a broad-based movement involving hundreds of activists from local, regional, and national civil rights organizations. Attracting a diverse group of volunteersblack and white, young and old, male and female, secular and religious, Northern and Southern the Freedom Rides took the civil rights struggle out of the courtroom and onto the streets of the Jim Crow South. Photograph: Durham, North Carolina, 1941. Courtesy Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. Guide By Cell: Where you see this logo, you may call Guide By Cell to hear audio interviews from the AMERICAN EXPERIENCE film Freedom Riders. Dial (617) 245-3907, then enter the item number of the interview you want to hear, followed by the # key. This exhibition, developed by the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, is a companion to the documentary film Freedom Riders, produced by AMERICAN EXPERIENCE for PBS. Freedom Riders is written, produced, and directed by Stanley Nelson and based on the book Freedom Riders: 1961 and the Struggle for Racial Justice by Raymond Arsenault. www.pbs.org/freedomriders Guide By Cell: To hear Freedom Rider coordinator Diane Nash describe the impact of Jim Crow laws, call (617) 245-3907 and press 1#. Nonviolent Direct Action During and after World War II, the NAACP and other civil rights groups brought several legal challenges to Jim Crow laws before the Supreme Court. In Morgan v. Virginia (1946), the Court ruled that segregated seating on interstate buses was illegal. In Boynton v. Virginia (1960), the ruling was expanded to bus terminal waiting rooms and

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restaurants. However, as newspapers noted at the time, these decisions were not enforced in the South. Newspaper clipping: Her Fight Ends Bus Jim Crow from The Afro-American, Baltimore, July 6, 1946. In the wake of the Morgan decision, the civil rights group CORE (Congress of Racial Equality) set out on their 1947 Journey of Reconciliation to test the verdict on buses and in stations in the upper South. Photograph: Nine of COREs Journey of Reconciliation volunteers pose for a photograph in front of NAACP attorney Spottswood Robinsons Richmond, Virginia, office, April 10, 1947 (L-R): Worth Randle, Wallace Nelson, Ernest Bromley, Jim Peck, Igal Roodenko, Bayard Rustin, Joseph Felmet, George Houser, and Andrew Johnson. Swarthmore College Peace Collection Photograph: While James Farmer did not participate in the Journey of Reconciliation, he later became the National Director of CORE, and in that role was a leader of the 1961 Freedom Rides. Corbis Moving Forward Hopes were high for ending legalized discrimination and winning equal rights for African Americans in the 1950s and 60s. Along with court cases, nonviolent direct action emerged as a powerful tool against segregation. Beginning in 1955, the Montgomery Bus Boycott lasted for more than a year, raising the national profile of the civil rights movement and ultimately resulting in the desegregation of all city buses. Photograph: The inside of a Montgomery city bus in 1956, in midday, in the middle of town, during the boycott. Corbis Photograph: Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr., gained fame for leading the Montgomery Bus Boycott. However he didnt assume a leadership role in the planning of the Freedom Rides. Photograph: This iconic photograph of Rosa Parks sitting in the front section of a bus in Montgomery was taken in December after the Supreme Court ruled city bus segregation illegal on November 13, 1956. (Sitting behind Parks is Nicholas C. Chriss, an Atlanta-based reporter for United Press International.) Corbis Another form of nonviolent direct action, the sit-in movement initiated by black college students in Greensboro, North Carolinaspread across the South in 1960, rallying support for the broader civil rights movement. Photograph: Student lunch counter sit-in Corbis

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The New Frontier? Hopes Deferred In November 1960, John F. Kennedy was elected president, running on a platform of The New Frontier. For reformers, this raised hopes for progress on social issues. Quotation: We stand on the edge of a New Frontierthe frontier of unfulfilled hopes and dreams, a frontier of unknown opportunities and beliefs in peril. Beyond that frontier are uncharted areas of science and space, unsolved problems of peace and war, unconquered problems of ignorance and prejudice, unanswered questions of poverty and surplus. Kennedys 1960 speech accepting the Democratic nomination for president Photograph: U.S. President John F. Kennedy delivers his inaugural address after taking the oath of office on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C. on January 20, 1961. AP Photo By early 1961 it was becoming clear that Kennedy viewed civil rights as a distraction from foreign policy. Consumed with Cold War politics, Kennedy assigned civil rights issues to his brother, Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy. Civil rights activists feared that their movement had stalled. They resolved to focus national attention on their goal of ending segregation and achieving equality in a way that the president could not ignore. Photograph: March 29, 1961: Freelance photographer Thomas Armstrong, followed by a police officer and a snarling police dog, walks away from the Jackson, Mississippi, courthouse where nine black youths are being tried for disturbing the peace. Armstrong mumbled something to a policeman who chased him. Another man joined the chase, whipped out a gun, and began to hit Armstrong about the head with the gun. Police arrested the man for assault and battery. Corbis Photograph: Black student protesting on behalf of integration of McCrorys store in Rock Hill, South Carolina, February 11, 1961, after the arrest of four students. Corbis Section 2: The First Freedom Ride: Washington to New Orleans The Riders and The Plan May 1961 On May 1, 1961, thirteen volunteers gathered at the Washington, D.C., headquarters of CORE. They planned to travel by bus in interracial groups through the segregated Deep South, and arrive in New Orleans on May 17, the seventh anniversary of the Brown v. Board of Education decision. Seven blacks and six whites, eight Southerners and five Northerners, these original Freedom Riders ranged in age from 18 to 61. They shared a common goal: end segregation and achieve the full promise of the Constitution. On May 4, after three days of intensive training in nonviolence, they set off in two groups: one on

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a Greyhound bus, the other on a Trailways bus. Three black journalists accompanied them. Quotation: I wish to apply for acceptance as a participant in COREs Freedom Ride, 1961, to travel via bus from Washington, D.C. to New Orleans, Louisiana and to test and challenge segregated facilities en route. I understand that I shall be participating in a nonviolent protest against racial discrimination, that arrest or personal injury to me might result A statement signed by all the Freedom Riders Photograph: The original thirteen Freedom Riders: Front row, left to right: Joe Perkins, 27; Charles Person, 18; Frances Bergman, 57; Genevieve Hughes, 28; and Jimmy McDonald, 29; Back row, left to right: John Lewis, 21; Jim Peck, 45; Ed Blankenheim, 27; Hank Thomas, 19; Walter Bergman, 61; James Farmer, 41; Not pictured: Rev. Benjamin Elton Cox, 29, and Albert Bigelow, 55 Johnson Publishing Company Guide By Cell: To hear Freedom Rider John Lewis discuss why he joined the Rides, call (617) 245-3907 and press 2#. Map: WASHINGTON TO ALABAMA This Associated Press map, constructed by Sid Moody in 1962, illustrates the route taken by the Freedom Riders, and the reactions they encountered in each place. Photograph: Freedom Riders pose with map (left to right): Edward Blankenheim, CORE director James Farmer, Genevieve Hughes, the Reverend B. Elton Cox, and Hank Thomas. AP Photo May 5-13 Washington D.C. to Atlanta During the first week, the Riders met with token resistance as they tested facilities in Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina cities. The first arrest occurred on May 8 in Charlotte, North Carolina, and the first violence on May 9 in Rock Hill, South Carolina, where three Riders were beaten. Photograph: Jim Peck (left) and Charles Person (right) sit next to each other on a bus. (CORE director James Farmer is visible peering over the seat.) Johnson Publishing Company In Atlanta the Riders met with Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. The respected leader publicly commended their bravery, but privately he questioned the wisdom of proceeding into Alabama, where the probability of violent resistance was high. He feared that the Riders confrontational strategy might backfire, endangering the Riders lives and causing more harm than good. Despite Kings warning and the obvious risks, all of the Freedom Riders

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were determined to extend their experiment in nonviolent direct action into the heart of the Deep South. Photograph: Freedom Rider Frances Bergman, 57, a retired Michigan elementary school teacher, speaks to a group of fellow Riders and supporters in a church in Sumter, South Carolina, where Riders took a two-day rest stop and recruited four new Freedom Riders. Johnson Publishing Company May 14 Violence in Alabama An 18-year-old Klansman, Roger Couch, stretched out on the pavement in front of the bus while other members of the mob slashed the tires. When the damaged bus left the terminal a few minutes later, it was pursued by a caravan of approximately 50 cars filled with Anniston Klansmen. Six miles outside of Anniston the driver pulled over to inspect what he feared were rapidly deflating tires. Almost immediately a mob surrounded the bus, and minutes later one of the Klansmen threw a gas bomb through a broken window, igniting the upholstery and filling the bus with acrid smoke. All of the passengers eventually managed to escape but not before several mob members tried to bar the door in an attempt to trap the Riders inside the burning bus. As the Freedom Riders collapsed on the ground and gasped for air, two state troopers restored order and dispersed the mob. Two photographs: Freedom Riders outside the burning bus Corbis Guide By Cell: To hear Freedom Rider Hank Thomas describe the violence encountered in Anniston, Alabama, call (617) 245-3907 and press 3#. Photograph: A fireman inspects the burnt bus, which was completely destroyed by the mob. The injured Freedom Riders struggled to get to a hospital, where they were treated for smoke inhalation. Narrowly escaping a mob that surrounded the hospital, the Riders went on to Birmingham to reconvene with the rest of the group. Corbis Newspaper clipping: The violence in Anniston drew front-page headlines, like this one from the Chicago Tribune. The Kennedy administration initially considered the Freedom Rides a distraction from pressing foreign policy concerns and tried to ignore them. May 15 The Ride Ends in Birmingham The Greyhound bus was destroyed outside of Anniston. The Trailways bus made it to Birmingham, only to be confronted with another white-supremacist mob at the station.

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The police had agreed not to intervene for fifteen minutes, during which Riders, reporters, and bystanders were severely beaten. Photograph: Freedom Rider Jim Peck, at a Birmingham hospital. A longtime CORE activist, Peck had also participated in the 1947 Journey of Reconciliation. Corbis Photograph: This picture shows a brutal attack by four members of the Ku Klux Klan in Birmingham. Corbis Photograph: Birminghams Commissioner of Public Safety Eugene Bull Connor, a rabid segregationist, sanctioned the violent welcome the Riders received. The Birmingham News Birmingham civil rights activist the Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth offered the Riders shelter in the parsonage of his church, where they voted to continue their journey to New Orleans. But no bus driver would take them. They appealed to the Justice Department to support their constitutional right to travel. The day after the riots, Attorney General Robert Kennedy sent his special assistant, John Siegenthaler, to ensure that the Riders made it safely out of Alabamaby plane, not bus. Finally, after braving an angry mob and repeated bomb scares at the airport, they depart for New Orleans. Photograph: Seigenthaler speaks to an injured Jim Peck. The Birmingham News Photograph: Police officers await the Riders arrival in New Orleans. Guide By Cell: To hear John Seigenthaler talk about his experiences in Birmingham, Alabama, call (617) 245-3907 and press 4#. The Freedom Ride brought attention to CORE and to nonviolent direct action. It also demonstrated that massive resistance to desegregation was alive and well in the Deep South. Newspaper clipping: Operation Dixie-Riders will never be the same The Birmingham News Section 3: Get on Board, Little Children: Nashville to Montgomery Nashville Movement May 14-17 After the CORE Freedom Riders failed to complete their ride to New Orleans, many Americans were relieved that the provocative action had ended. But a group of young activists from Nashville, Tennessee were determined not to let violence win. Inspired by the nonviolent teachings of the Reverend James Lawson, Nashville students had launched dozens of effective protests, establishing themselves as the nations most disciplined local

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movement. In April 1960, they helped found the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). They resolved to continue the Freedom Rides with fresh troops. The Justice Department tried to stop them, and CORE leader James Farmer advised that resuming the Ride may be suicide. But on May 17, twenty-one new volunteers left Nashville bound for New Orleans via Birmingham and Montgomery, Alabama, and Jackson, Mississippi. Twenty-two-year- old Diane Nash, a former student at Fisk University, was chosen to coordinate the Rides. Newspaper clipping: Police Escort Riders From State; Group Returns; More Arrive Alabama Journal, May 19, 1961 Photograph of Diane Nash and other Freedom Riders The Nashville Tennesseean Newspaper clipping: Negro Girl a Force in Campaign; Encouraged Bus to Keep Rolling The New York Times Guide By Cell: To hear Diane Nash describe the Nashville Student Movements determination to continue the Rides, call (617) 245-3907 and press 5#. Getty Images Map: NASHVILLE TO MONTGOMERY May 17-20 Standoff in Birmingham The Nashville Riders reached Birmingham, Alabama where they were arrested for breach of peace and placed in protective custody by city police. After two days of stalemate and growing concern for the Riders safety, the Justice Department negotiated an agreement with Governor John Patterson to provide safe passage to Montgomery and on to Mississippi. Photograph: Once the regular passengers got off the bus, Birminghams Commissioner of Public Safety Bull Connor ordered local police to cover all the windows with cardboard, so that the media could not access the Freedom Riders inside. The Birmingham News Photograph: John Lewis was arrested upon arrival in Birmingham. Fellow Freedom Rider Charles Butler is to the left of Lewis. The Birmingham News Photograph: James Zwerg opens door for fellow Freedom Rider Paul Brooks. The Birmingham News As described in this message from Alabama Commissioner of Public Safety Floyd Mann to the Attorney General, Robert F. Kennedy, the situation at the Birmingham bus station had grown tense. Police were stationed outside while Riders waited inside for a bus driver willing to take them.

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Photograph: Freedom Riders wait to board a bus in Birmingham. Donald Uhrbrock /Getty Images May 20 Violence in Montgomery Despite the agreement negotiated between Attorney General Kennedy and Governor Patterson, officials in Montgomery withdrew police protection just before the Riders arrived. The ensuing riot at the Montgomery Greyhound terminal sent several Freedom Riders and John Seigenthaler to the hospital and drove the remaining Riders into hiding. Because rioters attacked journalists first, few pictures survive. Photograph: An off-duty policeman and Klan member kicks a reporter on the sidewalk outside the terminal. Donald Uhrbrock /Getty Images Photograph: White men advance toward an injured black man. Corbis Newspaper clipping: Montgomery mob wreaks bloody horror The Birmingham News May 21: In the wake of the riots, civil rights leaders realized that solidarity and support were essential. Martin Luther King, Jr., James Farmer, Fred Shuttlesworth, and others organized a rally at Montgomerys celebrated First Baptist Church (Colored). Photograph: Freedom Riders John Lewis (left) and James Zwerg bleeding after the attack. Zwerg went untreated for over an hour, as white ambulance drivers refused to take him to a hospital. Bettmann/Corbis Newspaper clipping: Were Ready to Die, Vow Beaten Freedom Riders After Riots Pittsburgh Courier, June 3, 1961. Guide By Cell: To hear John Lewis and James Zwerg discuss the attack in Montgomery, call (617) 245-3907 and press 6#. Photograph: King, with Ralph Abernathy of Montgomery (left), and Wyatt Tee Walker of Atlanta. Corbis May 21-22 The Siege On Sunday evening, May 21, the Freedom Riders and nearly 1500 supporters filled Montgomerys First Baptist Church. Outside, thousands of angry white supremacists gathered, throwing stones, bricks and Molotov cocktails at the church. The 400 federal marshals assigned to protect the Freedom Riders proved insufficient as the church came under siege. Dr. King, in a series of desperate telephone conversations with Attorney General Robert Kennedy, pled for more federal assistance. After several tense hours and mounting pressure from Washington, Governor John Patterson avoided federal military

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intervention by declaring martial law and dispatching Alabama National Guardsmen to the scene. Photograph: Outside the church the mob turned violent, damaging property and overwhelming local police. The Birmingham News Photograph: Martin Luther King, Jr., called Robert F. Kennedy in Washington, D.C., from Montgomerys First Baptist Church during the siege. Corbis Peace was finally restored in the early morning of Monday, May 22. As reports and images of the episode spread across the nation and the world, the Freedom Rides became a symbol of American hypocrisy, and Alabama the flashpoint of the civil rights struggle. Photograph: Freedom Rider supporters choke on tear gas as they step outside the First Baptist Church in Montgomery, Sunday evening, May 21, 1961. Corbis Photograph: Governor Patterson reluctantly declared martial law, dispatching the Alabama National Guard to patrol the scene outside the church. Corbis Newspaper clipping: R.F. Kennedy Asks Return To Reason Birmingham Post-Herald, May 22, 1961 Section 4: The Whole World is Watching Days of Decision May 22-23 After the Montgomery riots and church siege came serious debate: should the Rides continue? Who should participate, where should they go, and when should they leave? The Riders, civil rights leaders, and eager new volunteers found temporary refuge at the home of Dr. Richard Harris, where they discussed these questions intensely for two days. Despite lingering concerns about the potential for violenceand distrust of the governments willingness or ability to enforce their constitutional rightsthe group resolved to proceed to Mississippi. They announced their intentions at a public press conference. Photograph: Freedom Riders at the home of Dr. Richard Harris. From left to right: Julia Aaron, David Dennis, Paul Dietrich, and John Lewis. Bruce Davidson/Magnum Photos Photograph: Movement leaders gave a public press conference in Montgomery. Left to right: James Farmer, Ralph Abernathy, Martin Luther King, Jr., and John Lewis. Corbis

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Photograph: May 21: Byron White, top assistant to Attorney General Robert Kennedy, meets with Alabama Governor John Patterson to discuss the growing racial violence. Quotation: Freedom Riders must develop the quiet courage of dying for a causeWe all love life, and there are no martyrs herebut we are well aware that we may have some casualtiesIm sure these students are willing to face death if necessary. Martin Luther King, Jr., to the press on May 23 Map: MONTGOMERY TO JACKSON May 24-25 Mississippi Justice Attempting to end the crisis, representatives of the Kennedy administration urged Governor Patterson of Alabama, Senator James O. Eastland of Mississippi, and other state leaders to guarantee the Riders safe passage from Alabama to Mississippi. Finally, two groups of Freedom Riders departed for Jackson, Mississippi, on May 24, under heavily armed guard. But when they arrived in Jackson, they were promptly arrested by Mississippi authorities on charges of breach of peace. Photograph: National Guardsmen with rifles protect the route of the Freedom Riders Trailways bus to Jackson. The Birmingham News Photograph: Freedom Riders Rip Patton, Bernard Lafayette, and James Lawson en route from Montgomery to Jackson, accompanied by National Guardsmen with bayonets. Bruce Davidson/Magnum Photos Guide By Cell: To hear James Lawson describe his experiences on the bus from Montgomery to Jackson, call (617) 245-3907 and press 7#. Newspaper clipping: Robert Kennedys Aim in south: Uphold Law but Take No Sides The Washington Post, May 27 Despite the serious risks involved in joining the Freedom Rides, the determination and courage of the Riders began to draw more volunteers to the movement. Activists from all over the country traveled to Jackson, where hundreds were arrested over the next three months. Photograph: Two women Freedom Riders being arrested and climbing into police car Getty Images. Newspaper clipping: 27 Bus Riders Arrested On Entry in Mississippi The Washington Post, May 25 Photograph: May 24: Police with dogs await the arrival of Freedom Riders in Jackson. Corbis

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May 26-30 The Movement Heats Up Betrayed by the arrests, movement leaders met in Atlanta on May 26 to organize the Freedom Rider Coordinating Committee (FRCC). To show that there was no shortage of reinforcements for the arrested Riders, 17 new volunteers were dispatched to Jackson from Nashville on May 28. After CORE leaders in New York unveiled a plan to broaden the nonviolent initiative to rail and air terminals, white segregationists in the Deep South faced the unwelcome prospect of an expanding and increasingly diverse array of Freedom Riders. Photograph: May 29: Across the country, prospective Freedom Riders like these in New Orleans, volunteered to join the nonviolent movement. AP Photo Photograph: Four white professors from Connecticut and three black students, one from New Haven and two from Charlotte, North Carolina, arrived in Montgomery, where they were temporarily placed under military guard. Center, with glasses, is Yale chaplain William Sloane Coffin, Jr. AP Photo Newspaper clipping: Hundreds Ready to Join, Jailed Riders Declare Montgomery Advertiser, May 26 Photograph: May 30: A group of New York City activists prepare to leave Times Square for Washington, D.C. to picket the White House on behalf of the Freedom Riders. Corbis June International Embarrassment As President Kennedy prepared for a major summit meeting in Vienna, racial violence in the South posed an embarrassing threat to American prestige. On May 29, Attorney General Robert Kennedy made an unprecedented move: he requested a sweeping desegregation order from the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) and asked the FRCC to suspend the Freedom Rides during the hearings. FRCC leaders refused to suspend the Rides; by early June the arrival and arrest of new Freedom Riders had become a daily ritual in Jackson. With no end in sight, the crisis continued to attract international attention and frustrate the Kennedy administration. Quotation: [the Freedom Riders] are accomplishing nothing whatsoever and, on the contrary, are doing positive harm[the] bus riders are, of course, within their legal rights in riding buses where they like[but] the result of these expeditions are of no benefit to anyone, white or Negro, the North or the South, nor the United States in general. We think they should stop it. David Brinkley, NBC evening news broadcast Newspaper clipping: Cooling-Off Period Urged By Kennedy Montgomery Advertiser, May 25

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Newspaper clipping: Rev. Shuttlesworth Speaks His Mind in Ala. Cool Off? For What? Pittsburgh Courier, June 3 Quotation: The recent incidents in Alabama speak eloquently of the problems that the devout and pious Mr. Kennedy has to resolve in his own country, before engaging his country in adventures against peoples where there is no problem of racial segregation. Radio Havana, Cuba 1961 Newspaper clipping: U.S. Foes Elated by Alabama Crisis D.C. Daily News, May 24 Newspaper clipping: Russian newspaper, headline reads: Be Ashamed, America! Kommersant, May 23 Newspaper clipping: French headline reads Martial Law Declared in Alabama. Le Figaro, May 26 Newspaper clipping: German headline reads The Racial Conflict in Alabama. Neue Zurcher Zeitung, May 24 Section 5: Aint Gonna Let No Jailhouse Turn Us Round Destination Doom June The Freedom Rides continued during the ICC hearings. Wave upon wave of Riders arrived in Jacksonsixty groups in alland were promptly arrested and jailed on the charge of breach of peace. The FRCC prepared to appeal the arrests, and since Mississippi law waived the right to appeal after thirty-nine days in jail, the FRCC had to raise money for bail. With Riders flooding city and county jails, Mississippi Governor Ross Barnett authorized the transfer of forty-five Riders to Parchman Prison Farm on June 15. The notorious state facility, nicknamed Destination Doom, represented the movements greatest challenge yet. Guide By Cell: To hear Freedom Riders Hank Thomas and Joan Mullholland describe what they encountered at Parchman State Prison, call (617) 245-3907 and press 8#. Photograph: Mississippi governor Ross Barnett, an opponent of civil rights. July 20, 1960. Corbis Newspaper clipping: Chief says Jackson ready, jail big enough for riders May 31. The Birmingham News

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Photograph: A group of Freedom Riders led by James Farmer being transferred from the Hinds County Jail to the Hinds County Penal Farm; two weeks later they were transferred again, this time to the dreaded Parchman Prison Farm. Corbis Map: ROADS TO FREEDOM July University of Nonviolence If Barnett thought Parchman Prison would stop the Freedom Rides, he was wrong. The Rides expanded, as ministers, rabbis, teachers, and labor leaders joined the movement. The FRCC opened training centers in New Orleans, Atlanta, and Nashville, sending Riders to Jackson every week, and others to the Carolinas, Florida, and Arkansas. Photograph: The maximum security unit at Parchman Prison, where hundreds of Freedom Riders were held. (Pictured in 1962.) AP Photo Newspaper clipping: They Say Theyve Plenty Room, Well Fill Their Jails June 10, The Pittsburgh Courier By early July, 200 Riders had been arrested and sent to Parchman for breach of peace. The notorious prison became a University of Nonviolence. Riders shared experiences and tactics, discussed Gandhian philosophy and politics, and kept their spirits up singing freedom songs. The struggle to end bus segregation had become the multi-front battle that state and federal officials had hoped to avoid. Guide By Cell: To hear Freedom Rider Bernard Lafayette discuss how music created solidarity among the Riders, call (617) 245-3907 and press 9#. Newspaper clipping: Jailed Riders Number Over 200 In Jackson July 10, 1961. The Montgomery Advertiser Mug shots: Mississippi Dept. of Archives and History August Stalemate By the end of July crisis had been replaced by grinding routine: prison life, fundraising, legal wrangling. Mississippi officials labeled the Freedom Riders as Communist inspired subversives, but the Rides continued. A nationwide fundraising drive saved the movement from financial collapse. But for how long? In mid-August, nearly 200 Riders returned to Jackson for a mass arraignment. Their trials, scheduled to go on through the following January, threatened to drain the FRCCs resources. Their best hope still lay with the Interstate Commerce Commission.

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Poster: Poster advertising Community Mass Meeting on August 13. Courtesy of Mary Jean Smith Newspaper clipping: Jackson Revisited By 170 Appealing Rider Arrests August 14. The Montgomery Advertiser Photograph: At the August 13 rally in Jackson, James Farmer speaks to a crowd of 1500, including nearly 200 Freedom Riders in town to appeal their previous convictions in Hinds County Court. Corbis September Victory Finally, on September 22 , the Freedom Riders triumphed. The Interstate Commerce Commission issued a sweeping desegregation order. As of November 1, Jim Crow signs had to be removed from bus stations. Every interstate bus had to display a certificate: Seating aboard this vehicle is without regard to race, color, creed, or national origin, by order of the Interstate Commerce Commission. Photograph: November 2: Police chief in McComb, Mississippi, stands by a Jim Crow sign. AP Photo Newspaper clipping: ICC Forbids Bus Station Segregation The Washington Post FRCC leaders hailed the legal milestone, but took nothing for granted. In November and December, they dispatched nearly 700 Riders to test enforcement. The Justice Department prosecuted several local officials who resisted. In just six months, the Freedom Riders nonviolent actions had achieved the civil rights eras first major success. Photograph: Riders testing enforcement of the ICC desegregation order exit their bus in McComb, Mississippi. AP Photo Section 6: Legacy of the Freedom Rides Reverberations of the Rides 1962-1963 Hundreds involved with the Freedom Rides came away committed to grassroots action as a strategy for achieving justice. And the movement expanded rapidly. When several students affiliated with SNCC were arrested in 1962 in Albany, Georgia, more than 700 local African Americans joined them in jail, an unprecedented show of solidarity. At the August 28, 1963, March on Washington, Freedom Rider John Lewis spoke about the work that remained to be done: Our minds, souls, and hearts cannot rest until freedom and justice exist for all the people.

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Photograph: Mayor Asa Kelley of Albany, Georgia, asks protesters gathered in front of City Hall to disperse, December 13, 1961. Corbis Photograph: Crowds gathered on the Mall, Washington, D.C., August 28, 1963. Courtesy Library of Congress Prints and Photograph Division. 1963-65 Legislative Action On June 11, 1963, President Kennedy addressed the nation from the White House, calling for legislation to protect the rights of African American citizens. After lengthy political wrangling, the Johnson administration pushed comprehensive civil rights legislation through Congress. The Civil Rights Act, signed into law in 1964, outlawed discrimination in all public accommodations, including workplaces and schools. The Voting Rights Act, passed in 1965, made it illegal for states to enact any prerequisite for voting designed to disenfranchise African American citizens. This landmark legislation showed that grassroots insurgency in the form of nonviolent direct action could influence national lawmakers. The Freedom Rides brought national attention to the urgent problem of segregation, and accelerated the governments response. Quotation: If an American, because his skin is dark, cannot eat lunch in a restaurant open to the public, if he cannot send his children to the best public school available, if he cannot vote for the public officials who will represent him, if, in short, he cannot enjoy the full and free life which all of us want, then who among us would be content to have the color of his skin changed and stand in his place? Who among us would then be content with the counsels of patience and delay? ...The events in Birmingham and elsewhere have so increased the cries for equality that no city or State or legislative body can prudently choose to ignore them.Next week I shall ask the Congress of the United States to act, to make a commitment it has not fully made in this century to the proposition that race has no place in American life or law. President John F. Kennedy, Radio and Television Report to the American People on Civil Rights, June 11, 1963 Photograph: Photograph by Abbie Rowe, National Park Service, in the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, Boston. Photograph: Lyndon Baines Johnson signing the Civil Rights Act, July 2, 1964. Cecil Stoughton, White House Press Office (WHPO) Fifty Years Later The Rights Revolution The Freedom Riders and their movement created a successful model of nonviolent direct action, which has been applied to womens rights, gay rights, immigration reform, environmental justice, and international conflict resolution in the late twentieth century. What began as a simple actionblack and white people sitting together on a busbecame a model for courageous activism that continues to inspire.

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All contemporary photographs are by Eric Etheridge, from his book Breach of Peace: Portraits of the 1961 Mississippi Freedom Riders. All mug shots appear courtesy of the Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission Records, Mississippi Department of Archives and History. Bernard Lafayette, who led the second wave from Nashville to Birmingham, went on to organize the 1968 Poor Peoples Campaign with Martin Luther King, Jr. Now, he teaches at Emory University in Atlanta and runs workshops in peace and reconciliation worldwide. Photograph: Photographed July 10, 2007 Carol Ruth Silver, who kept a journal during her time in Parchman Prison, went on to become a member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors and helped spearhead the gay rights movement with her colleague Harvey Milk. Photograph: Photographed February 18, 2007 John Lewis, an original CORE Freedom Rider who was among the first to be arrested for breach of peace in Jackson, took courageous initiative in nearly every fight of the civil rights movement. Now the last living speaker from the March on Washington, he has represented Georgias fifth district in the House of Representatives since 1987. Photograph: Photographed July 25, 2007 Stephen Green, whose Parchman cell adjoined that of Stokely Carmichael, went on to become the deputy country director for UNICEF in Ethiopia from 1973-76, where he worked to expose and then respond to the dire famine the Ethiopian government was trying to conceal. Photograph: Photographed May 14, 2005 Jean Thompson, a CORE activist from New Orleans, was arrested on June 6, 1961. After Jackson, she returned home to train new Freedom Riders, and continued her work in civil rights, anti-war, and feminist efforts in Mississippi, North Carolina, and San Francisco. Photograph: Photographed June 23, 2007 Today Freedom Riders Continue the Work Following the Rides, Freedom Riders continued to dedicate themselves to the ideal of the beloved community. The mug shots taken at the Jackson arrests, paired with

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contemporary portraits taken nearly fifty years later, tell a story of enduring commitment to social justice and human rights. The legacy of the Freedom Rides lives on. Photograph: Freedom Riders Bill Harbour, Lucretia Collins, James Zwerg, Catherine Burks, John Lewis, and Paul Brooks in Chicago July 1961. All six would remain active in the struggle for social justice for years to come. Courtesy Bill Harbour Reverend John Crocker, Jr., a World War II veteran, was arrested for sitting in a Jackson bus terminal on September 13, 1961. He became an Episcopal chaplain at Brown University and later at MIT. Photograph: Photographed June 18, 2007 Pauline Knight-Ofusu, a member of the Nashville student movement, became an environmental health scientist, joining the EPA in 1972 as its first female pesticide inspector. Photograph: Photographed May 7, 2007 Joan Trumpauer Mulholland of Washington, D.C. transferred from Duke University to Tougaloo College in Jackson, Mississippi. After graduating in 1964, she worked for a federal program helping communities resolve racial issues, and later as a teacher in the Arlington, VA public schools. Photograph: Photographed July 26, 2007

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Freedom Riders Guide by Cell Audio Transcript #1 Freedom Ride Coordinator Diane Nash Not knowing what to expect was certainly a part of traveling throughout the South. Black people, just based on the color of-of our skin, were hated and treated with contempt. The very fact that there were separate facilities was to say to black people and white people that blacks were so subhuman and so inferior that we could not even use public facilities that the general public used. And that was so demeaning and so humiliating. So you never knew quite what would have happened, by the time you got where you were going. #2 Freedom Rider John Lewis When I applied to go on the Freedom Ride I had to write an essay. And I didnt know that much about trying to write an application or essay, but I did it. And it read something like: Im a senior at American Baptist Theological Seminary, and hope to graduate in June. But on the other hand, the Freedom Ride is much more of a challenge to what I believe than a degree. I know that an education is important, and I hope to get one. But at this time, human dignity is the most important thing in my life. This is the most important decision in my whole life, to decide to give up all, if necessary, to the Freedom Ride, that justice and freedom may come to the Deep South. And it was signed, Your fellow freedom fighter, John R. Lewis. When I wrote this little essay, I was convinced that I might not return after going on the Freedom Ride. I knew it was a very dangerous mission, to get on a Greyhound bus in Washington DC and ride into Virginia, to North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, into Mississippi. Id never been to Mississippi before. And I remember on that night when we had the last meal at a little Chinese restaurant in Washington DC, when we were eating, someone said, You must eat well. This may be like the last supper. #3 Hank Thomas After we got outside of the city, the bus driver pulled over to the side of the road, and there was a crowd of people there at a looked like a general store. I since later learned that the bus tires had been slashed, and all of the air the tires had gone flat, coincidentally right at the point where this other mob of people were waiting. Like everyone else on the bus, Im pretty afraid. Okay? Thats putting it mildly. I see this crowd out here. As long as they cant get on the bus, were safe. And theyre rocking the bus, so Im thinking: Now, can they actually turn this bus over? At this point, something was shot aboard the bus from the rear window. And the bus is burning in the back. Weve got the mob outside. I had to make a decision. Do I go outside and this mob is going to kill me, beat me to death? Or do I stay here and burn on the bus? So I ran up to the front of the bus, and by now the bus is completely smoke-filled. And I tried to open the door, and the people on the outside of the bus were holding it. And I Only thing I could hear: Lets burn them niggers. Lets burn them niggers alive. And Im throwing myself against that door, trying to get it opentheres an explosion in the back of the bus. The explosion is that the flames have gotten to the fuel tank, and the fuel tank exploded. And when that happened, I heard somebody say, Its going to go! Its going to go! And they

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ran, and that was the only way we could get that door open. And within 2 to 3 minutes, that bus was fully engulfed in flame. Well, when I got off the bus, a man came up to me, and Im coughing and strangling. He said, Boy, you all right? And Im thinking, well, you know, this is somebody whos concerned. And I nodded my head, and the next thing I knew, I was on the ground. He had hit me with part of a baseball bat. As Im getting up off the ground, 4-5 guys coming at me again. And this is when I see the highway patrolman just standing there. I got behind him. And in getting behind him, Im stumbling, I grabbed him. And when I did that, he grabbed his pistol. And Im thinking, Oh my God, Ive done it now. You dont touch a white man in the South, and you certainly dont touch a white police officer. He pulls his gun, and he fired in the air. He says, Okay, youve had your fun. Lets move back. And thats was stop what stopped it. #4 Assistant to Attorney General Robert Kennedy John Seigenthaler By the time I get there, theyre still trapped in that airport. They are frightened to death. They go to the restroom in pairs. They cant get served any food. Theyre visible because theyve been so badly beaten. And they were glad to see somebody from the federal government. I got with the manager of Delta we were out of there on the first flight and when we arrived in New Orleans state police formed a corridor from the steps at the bottom of the plane to the terminal. And I will say, they were cursed and condemned with racial slurs from the bottom of that ladder till we walked into that terminalyou wouldnt believe it, from state police officers, just spewing filth and venom and hatred. And so we walked into the terminal and I delivered them to their friends, who had come out to meet them. And there were tears and-and there was joy. And I went to a motel to spend the night. And you know, I thought: What a great hero I am. I (you know) How easy this was. (you know) I mean, I just took care of everything the President and the Attorney General wanted done. Mission accomplished. So Im asleep. Its before dawn. My phone in the hotel room rings, and its the Attorney General. And he opened the conversation, Who the hell is Diane Nash? And he said, Well, she is responsible for directing another wave of Freedom Riders that are coming down from Nashville. Call her and let her know what is waiting for them, and tell her she must not do this. So I called Diane Nash. And I said, I understand that there are more Freedom Riders coming down from Nashville, you must stop them if you can. Her response was, Well, the Freedom Riders have left, and theyre on the way. And I couldnt call them back if I wanted to. But theyre not going to turn back. Theyre on the way to Birmingham and theyll be there shortly. Thinking back, my voice raised a decibel, and I explained what I had seen in Birmingham in that airport when I walked in there: beaten, frightened people who had narrowly escaped death. And so I spoke to her in stern terms, with a strident tone. Many times Ive thought about it since. You know that spiritual, Like a tree standing by the water, I will not be moved? She would not be moved. And-and I felt my voice go up another decibel and another, and soon I was shouting, Young woman, do you understand what youre doing? Youre going to get somebody You understand, youre going to get somebody

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killed. And theres a pause, and she said, Sir, you should know, we all signed our last wills and testaments last night. We know someone will be killed. But we cannot let violence overcome nonviolence. Thats virtually a direct quote of the words that came out of that childs mouth. Here I am, an official of the United States government, representing the President and the Attorney General, talking to a student at Fisk University. And she, in a very quiet but strong way, gave me a lecture. She was not going to be moved. And so I had to call the Attorney General and tell him that I had failed. #5 Freedom Ride Coordinator Diane Nash It was clear to me that if we allowed the Freedom Ride to stop at that point, just after so much violence had been inflicted, the message would have been sent that all you have to do to stop a nonviolent campaign is inflict massive violence, and that would end it. So it was important that the Freedom Ride continue. The Nashville group was very committed to desegregation, and we had been watching the progress of the Freedom Ride; had anticipated that at some point they might need help. And we (s) were standing by in order to provide the help that we could. The people who were going on the Freedom Ride from Nashville elected me to be the coordinator. And that was a really heavy responsibility. Some of the students who were getting on the bus gave me sealed envelopes to be mailed in the event of their death. What we did in the South was change ourselves from What we did in the South was change ourselves from people who could be segregated into people who could no longer be segregated. The attitude became, Well, kill us, if thats what youre going to do, but you cannot segregate us any longer. #6 Freedom Rider James Zwerg When we reached the city limits, the police escort disappeared. And as we entered Birmingham, there was no police escort to be seen. As we drew closer to the terminal, we became aware that vehicular traffic and pedestrian traffic was also nonexistent. There just wasnt anything happening. And John whispered, This doesnt look good. We all got off the bus, and John was getting ready to go to the microphone, and just as he is about to do this, this fellow that had kind of been standing around, went at one of the fellows that was moving one of the parabolic mikes. And he grabbed it out of his hand and he threw it to the ground, stomped on it, and turned and approached one of the photographers and grabbed his camera, and yanked on it, and [in] doing so, the cameraman fell to the ground. He started kicking and beating him, and that seemed to be the cue, because from around the bus parking area, from up the driveways, from around the corner, this mass of humanity, screaming at the tops of their lungs, Get em! Get the niggers! Go out and get em, get em. And you could see baseball bats and pieces of pipe and hammers and chains and people holding bricks. One fellow had a pitchfork. And you could just see the hatred in their eyes, just coming, and knew of course that were going to get hurt. So in that moment, I bowed my head and I asked God to be with me, to give me the strength I would need to remain nonviolent and to forgive them. And there was a railing that we were standing next to, and I was yanked over that and thrown to the ground, and got to all fours to try and get back to the group, and thats when I got kicked in my spine. And I heard a crack and fell forward, rolled over on my back, and a foot came down in my face and basically that was that was it. I was out.

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Freedom Rider John Lewis An angry mob that grew to several hundred just came out of nowherewomen, men, young peoplewith baseball bats, with chains, with lead pipes, wooden crates, anything that could be used as a weapon, started beating members of the media. If you had a camera, they would just beat you. Then they turned on us. And I was hit in the head with a wooden crate, left bloody, unconscious, on the streets in Montgomery. And I remember someone from the attorney general office coming up while I was lying down, tried to read an injunction to me, prohibiting interracial groups from traveling through the state of Alabama. The last thing I recall, standing with Jim Zwerg. We both was bloody. Our clothes were soaked in blood. #7 Freedom Rider Reverend James Lawson We did not ask for this overwhelming military and police protection for a simple nonviolent ride in a bus from Montgomery, Alabama, to Jackson, Mississippi. We were a nonviolent group, and what a disgrace it was to civil-civilized people that a group of neatly dressed men and women, many of us college-educated people, clergy (and there were at least 4 or 5 clergy in that group of 13), to ride from Montgomery to Jackson required, in the minds of the government, state troopers and National Guard and helicopters and police cars of all kinds, in front and back of the bus. #8 Freedom Rider Joan Mullholland When the Hines County Jail got too crowded, they decided to move us all up to Parchman. And we were put in paddy wagons to be driven up We got there at night, as I remember, and were taken in, into this (sort of) dark building, and At least it seemed dark then. This was all women at this point. I think theyd already taken the guys. But we were had to strip and get examined, a vaginal exam being the least pleasant and unexpected part of it. Matrons had on rubber gloves and would dip them into what smelled sort of like Lysol or some concoction like that, and then theyd gouge up us and back into the Lysol, or whatever it was, and on to the next one. And that-that was really intimidating. Showed they could do anything they wanted to us, and probably would. Freedom Rider Hank Thomas When we were finally transported to Parchman State Penitentiary, thats when the dehumanizing process started. What they would do, strip you of all of your clothes, and make you walk down a long cellblock, naked. And thats the way And the few clothes that you had were in the cellblock that you were assigned to. And those clothes consisted of a pair of undershorts and a t-shirt. Thats all you wore. And there was nothing more humiliating, shall we say, than just: youre walking down naked and a group of people just looking at you. And Ill never forget seeing some of these dignified men, just parading down the cellblock naked. #9 Freedom Rider Bernard Lafayette We made up a song and we sang it to the jailers to tell them and warn them to get ready, to be prepared, that we were not the only ones coming Buses are acomin, oh yes. Buses are acomin, oh yes. Buses are acomin, buses are acomin,

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Buses are acomin, oh yes. We say to the jailers: Better get you ready, oh yes. The jailer said, All right, shut up all that, singing, hollering in there. This is not no playhouse. This is the jailhouse. So we said to ourselves, what are you going to do? Put us in jail? [laugh] Better get you ready, oh yes. Better get you ready, oh yes. They said, Wait a minute. Hold it. If we hear one more peep out of you guys, were going to take your mattress. Let me think: You can take our mattress, oh yes. You can take our mattress, oh yes. We start piling up the mattress at the door, so they wouldnt have any problem. So they (you know) we were with the program. Were going to still sing. And we continued to sing. And then they said that they were going to take our toothbrushes. And someone struck out: You can take our too We said, Wait a minute. Hold up. This is time for Quaker consensus. We all got to agree on this together. Because we were, eight of us in a cell built for two. And that means you have close quarters. And so we learned to sing with our mouths closed, so we wouldnt breathe on each other. And we sang: You can take our toothbrush, oh yes. You can take our toothbrush, oh yes. You can take our toothbrush, You can take our toothbrush, You can take our toothbrush, oh yes. So we were letting them know from the get-go that we were our own persons, and we would determine what we wanted to do. And the songs were a way of captivating our own emotions. Because one thing you have to do when youre in a stressful situation is be able to control your emotions. You often hear people say, I lost it. Well, we couldnt afford to lose it. So the music and that sort of thing put us in harmony with each other, gave us support for each other, and we relished the opportunity.

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Freedom Riders Books for Adult Readers Arsenault, Raymond. Freedom Riders: 1961 and the Struggle for Racial Justice. Oxford University Press, 2000. Badger, Tony and Brian Ward, eds. The Making of Martin Luther King and the Civil Rights Movement. New York University, 1997. Birnbaum, Jonathan and Clarence Taylor. Civil Rights Since 1787: A Reader in the Black Struggle. New York University Press, 2000. Branch, Taylor. Parting the Waters: America in the King Years, 1954-63. Simon and Schuster, 1988. Branch, Taylor. Pillar of Fire: America in the King Years, 1963-65. Simon & Schuster, 1998. Branch, Taylor. At Canaan's Edge: America in the King Years, 1965-68. Simon & Schuster, 2006. Carson, Clayborne. In Struggle: SNCC and the Black Awakening of the 1960s. Harvard University Press: 1981. Chappell, David L. A Stone of Hope: Prophetic Religion and the Death of Jim Crow. University of North Carolina Press, 2004. Clar, D., (David J. Garrow, Gerald Gill, and Vincent Harding (Eds.)). The Eyes on the Prize Civil Rights Reader: Documents, Speeches, and Firsthand Accounts from the Black Freedom Struggle. Penguin, 1991. Cook, Robert. Sweet Land of Liberty?: The African-American Struggle for Civil Rights in the Twentieth Century. Longman, 1998. Dailey, Jane, Glenda Elizabeth Gilmore, Bryant Simon, eds. Jumpin Jim Crow: Southern Politics from Civil War to Civil Rights. Princeton University Press, 2000. D'Emilio, John. Lost Prophet: The Life and Times of Bayard Rustin. Free Press, 2003. Fairclough, Adam. Better Day Coming: Blacks and Equality, 1890-2000. Viking, 2001. Farmer, James. Lay Bare the Heart: An Autobiography of the Civil Rights Movement. New American Library, 1985.

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Franklin, John Hope, and Alfred A. Moss, Jr. From Slavery to Freedom: A History of African Americans. A.A Knopf, 2000. Hersh, Burton. Bobby and J. Edgar: The Historic Face-Off Between the Kennedys and J. Edgar Hoover That Transformed America. Basic Books, 2007. Jonas, Gilbert. Freedom's Sword: The NAACP and the Struggle against Racism in America, 1909-1969. Routledge, 2005. Kasher, Steven. The Civil Rights Movement: A Photographic History, 1954-68. Abbeville Press, 1996. Klibanoff, Hank and Gene Roberts. The Race Beat: The Press, the Civil Rights Struggle, and the Awakening of a Nation. Vintage, 2007. Lawson, Steven F. Civil Rights Crossroads: Nation, Community, and the Black Freedom Struggle. University Press of Kentucky, 2003. Levy, Peter B. The Civil Rights Movement. Greenwood Press, 1998. Lewis, John and Michael D'Orso. Walking with the Wind: A Memoir of the Movement. Simon and Schuster, 1998. Marable, Manning and Leith Mullings. Let Nobody Turn Us Around: Voices of Resistance, Reform, and Renewal: An African American Anthology. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 1999. McWhorter, Diane. Carry Me Home: Birmingham, Alabama: The Climactic Battle of the Civil Rights Revolution. Simon & Schuster, 2001. Murray, Paul T. The Civil Rights Movement: References and Resources. G.K. Hall, 1993. Navasky, Victor S. Kennedy Justice. Atheneum, 1971. Noble, James Phillips, William B. McClain, and Nan Woodruff. Beyond the Burning Bus: The Civil Rights Revolution in a Southern Town. New South Books, 2003. Oshinsky, David M. Worse than Slavery: Parchman Farm and the Ordeal of Jim Crow Justice. Free Press, 1996. Payne, Charles and Steve Lawson. Debating the Civil Rights Movement. Rowman & Littlefield Publishing, 1998. Sargent, Frederic O. The Civil Rights Revolution: Events and Leaders, 1955-1968. McFarland & Co., 2004.

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Smith, Bob. They Closed Their Schools: Prince Edward County, Virginia, 1951-1964. Robert Russa Moton Museum, 2008. Sugrue, Thomas. Sweet Land of Liberty: The Forgotten Struggle for Civil Rights in the North. Random House, Inc., 2008. Van DeBurg, William L. New Day in Babylon: The Black Power Movement and American Culture, 1965-1975. University of Chicago Press, 1993. Verney, Kevern. Black Civil Rights in America. Routledge, 2000. Weisbrot, Robert. Freedom Bound: A History of America's Civil Rights Movement. W.W. Norton, 1990. Wright, Richard. 12 Million Black Voices. Basic Books, 2002.

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Freedom Riders Books for Younger Readers Middle Grades Adler, David. Heroes for Civil Rights. Holiday House, 2007. Aretha, David. The Trial of the Scottsboro Boys (The Civil Rights Movement). Morgan Reynolds Publishing, 2007. Bausum, Ann. Freedom Riders: John Lewis and Jim Zwerg on the Front Lines of the Civil Rights Movement. National Geographic Children's Books, 2005. Beals, Melba. Warriors Dont Cry. Simon Pulse, 2007. Bowers, Robert. Spies of Mississippi: The True Story of the Spy Network that Tried to Destroy the Civil Rights Movement. National Geographic Children's Books, 2010. Bridges, Ruby. Through My Eyes. Scholastic Press, 1999. Bullard, Sara. Free At Last: A History of the Civil Rights Movement and Those Who Died in the Struggle. Oxford University Press, 1994. Fradin, Dennis Brindell and Judith. The Power of One: Daisy Bates and the Little Rock Nine. Clarion Books, 2004. George, Charles. Living through the Civil Rights Movement. Greenhaven, 2006. Greenberg, David. A Tugging String: A Novel About Growing Up During the Civil Rights Era. Dutton Juvenile, 2008. Hardy, Sheila Jackson and P. Stephen. Extraordinary People of the Civil Rights Movement. Children's Press. 2007. Hinton, KaaVonia. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, 1954 (Monumental Milestones: Great Events of Modern Times). Mitchell Lane Publishers, 2009. Landau, Elaine. The Civil Rights Movement in America (Cornerstones of Freedom, Second Series). Childrens Press, 2007. Levine, Ellen. Freedom's Children: Young Civil Rights Activists Tell Their Own Stories. Putnam Juvenile, 2000. Mayer, Robert. When the Children Marched: The Birmingham Civil Rights Movement. Enslow Publishers, 2008.

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McKissack, Patricia. Abby Takes A Stand. Illust. Gordon James. Turtleback, 2006. McWhorter, Diane. A Dream of Freedom: The Civil Rights Movement from 1954 to 1968. Scholastic Nonfiction, 2004. Medearis, Angela Shelf. Dare to Dream: Coretta Scott King and the Civil Rights Movement. Illust. Anna Rich. Puffin, 1999. Parks, Rosa. Rosa Parks: My Story by Rosa Parks. Dial, 1992. Partridge, Elizabeth. Marching For Freedom: Walk Together Children and Don't You Grow Weary. Viking Juvenile, 2009. Pinkney, Andrea Davis. Let It Shine: Stories of Black Women Freedom Fighters. Illust. Stephen Alcorn. Harcourt Children's Books, 2000. Price, Sean Stewart. When Will I Get In?: Segregation and Civil Rights (American History Through Primary Sources). Heinemann-Raintree, 2007. Rappaport, Doreen. Nobody Gonna Turn Me 'Round: Stories and Songs of the Civil Rights Movement. Illust. Shane Evans. Candlewick, 2008. Regis, Frankye. A Voice from the Civil Rights Era. Greenwood, 2004. Rochelle, Belinda. Witnesses to Freedom: Young People Who Fought for Civil Rights. Puffin, 1997. Stokes, John, Herman Viola, and Lois Wolfe. Students on Strike: Jim Crow, Civil Rights, Brown, and Me. National Geographic Children's Books, 2007. Thomas, Joyce Carol. Linda Brown, You Are Not Alone: The Brown vs. Board of Education Decision. Illust. Curtis James. Hyperion, 2003. Tuck, Mary. The Civil Rights Movement for Kids: A History with 21 Activities (For Kids series). Chicago Review Press, 2000. Ages 4-8 Adler, David A. A Picture Book of Martin Luther King, Jr. Holiday House, 1990. Benson, Kathleen. John Lewis in the Lead: A Story of the Civil Rights Movement. Illust. Benny Andrews. Lee & Low Books, 2006. Birtha, Becky. Grandmama's Pride. Illust. Colin Bootman. Albert Whitman & Company, 2005.

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Edwards, Pamela Duncan. The Bus Ride that Changed History. Sandpiper, 2009. Haskins, Jim. Delivering Justice: W.W. Law and the Fight for Civil Rights. Illust. Benny Andrews. Candlewick, 2008. Johnson, Angela. A Sweet Smell of Roses. Simon & Schuster Children's Publishing, 2007. Malaspina, Ann. Finding Lincoln. Illust. Colin Bootman. Albert Whitman & Company, 1999. Medearis, Angela. Just For You! Singing For Dr. King. Illust. Cornelius Van Wright and Ying-Hwa Hu. Teaching Resources, 2004. Miller, Jake. The 1963 March on Washington: Speeches and Songs for Civil Rights. PowerKids Press, 2004. Mis, Melody S. Meet Malcolm X. PowerKids Press, 2008. Monroe, Judy. Thurgood Marshall: Civil Rights Champion. Capstone Press, 2005. Newton, Vanessa. Let Freedom Sing. Blue Apple Books, 2009. Pingry, Patricia. Meet Rosa Parks. Illust. Steven Walker. CandyCane Press, 2008. Rappapor, Doreen. Martin's Big Words: The Life of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Illust. Bryan Collier.Hyperion Books, 2001. Reynolds, Aaron. Back of the Bus. Illust.Floyd Cooper. Philomel, 2010. Ringgold, Faith. If A Bus Could Talk: The Story of Rosa Parks. Aladdin, 2003. Shelton, Paula Young. Child of the Civil Rights Movement. Illust. Raul Colon. Schwartz & Wade, 2009. Shore, Diane Z. and Jessica Alexander. This Is the Dream. Illust. James Ransome. Amistad, 2009. Weatherford, Carole Boston. Freedom on the Menu: The Greensboro Sit-Ins. Illust. Jerome Lagarrigue. Puffin, 2007. Windham, Mary Tucker. Ernest's Gift. Illust. Frank Hardy. JuneBug Books, 2004.

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Freedom Riders Related Web Sites AMERICAN EXPERIENCE http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/ Freedom Riders Documentary and Project www.pbs.org/freedomriders Freedom Now! www.stg.brown.edu/projects/FreedomNow/ Archival collaboration between Brown University and Tougaloo College to create a searchable database of documents from the Brown University and Tougaloo College Archives pertaining to the Civil Rights Movement. History Now www.historynow.org This quarterly online journal published by the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History contains articles by noted historians as well as lesson plans, resource guides, and links to related websites. June 2006: The Civil Rights Movement www.gilderlehrman.org/historynow/06_2006/ In Motion: The African-American Migration Experience www.inmotionaame.org/home.cfm From the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, an educational website on Black migration over the last 400 years with free access to historical documents and 100 reproducible lesson plans for teachers. An Interactive Civil Rights Chronology www.yale.edu/lawweb/jbalkin/brown/index.html International Civil Rights Movement Center & Museum www.sitinmovement.org/home.asp The King Center www.thekingcenter.org/Default.aspx Library of Congress African American Odyssey Online exhibit memory.loc.gov/ammem/aaohtml/exhibit/ Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/index.php/kingpapers/index The National Civil Rights Museum

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www.civilrightsmuseum.org/home.htm Oh Freedom Over Me americanradioworks.publicradio.org/features/oh_freedom/ Downloadable hour-long American Radio Works radio story about the Mississippi Freedom Summer. PBS Civil Rights Timeline www.pbs.org/wnet/aaworld/timeline/civil_01.html Timeline with links to related National Public Radio stories. PBS Kids WayBack Civil Rights http://pbskids.org/wayback/civilrights/index.html Interactive website for children. Putting the Movement back into Civil Rights Teaching www.civilrightsteaching.org Resource guide for teaching and learning about the Civil Rights Movement. The Children Shall Lead www.outreach.olemiss.edu/Freedom_Riders/ Website for the film that documents the 1961 Freedom Rides Unsung Foot Soldiers www.footsoldier.uga.edu/index.html University of Georgia site that focuses on Georgias involvement in the movement and is a source for primary documents, films, and photographs.

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Freedom Riders Related Films & Videos The following is a general list of documentary films that might be used with the Freedom Riders exhibit. This is not a comprehensive list. It is a starter list for institutions interested in showing films. Please preview films to judge their appropriateness for your audience. Each institution wishing to show films or videos related to Freedom Riders to the public must themselves arrange for public performance rights (PPR). Scottsboro: An American Tragedy (2000) Director: Barak Goodman and Daniel Anker Distributor: PBS Home Video Runtime: 84 minutes In March 1931, two white women stepped off a box car in Paint Rock, Alabama, with a shocking accusation of gang rape, by nine black teenagers on the train. So began the Scottsboro case, one of the 20th century's fieriest legal battles. The youths' trial generated the sharpest regional conflict since the Civil War, led to momentous Supreme Court decisions, and helped give birth to the civil rights movement. James Baldwin, Price of the Ticket (1990) Director: Karen Thorsen Distributor: California Newsreel Runtime: 87 minutes James Baldwin (1924-1987) was a major twentieth century American author, a Civil Rights activist and, for two crucial decades, a prophetic voice calling Americans, Black and white, to confront their shared racial tragedy. This film captures the passionate intellect and courageous writing of a man who was born black, impoverished, gay and gifted. LBJ Tapes - The Johnson White House Tapes Vol. 4: Uncivil Liberties: Hoover & King (1999) Director: Philip Day Distributor: White Star Runtime: 60 minutes This is the fourth episode of the documentary series LBJ Tapes, which showcases important events during Lyndon B. Johnson's presidency, based on recordings Johnson made on his own telephone line. In this volume, Uncivil Liberties: Hoover and King, the battle between FBI director J. Edgar Hoover and Civil Rights leader Martin Luther King is examined from LBJ's perspective, during the time that he was working to pass the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Eyes On The Prize: America's Civil Rights Years (2009) Director: Henry Hampton Distributor: PBS Runtime: 360 minutes

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Eyes on the Prize tells the definitive story of the civil rights era from the point of view of the ordinary men and women whose extraordinary actions launched a movement that changed the fabric of American life, and embodied a struggle whose reverberations continue to be felt today. Standing on My Sisters' Shoulders (2002) Director: Laura J. Lipson Distributor: Women Make Movies Runtime: 60 minutes The documentary takes on the Civil Rights movement in Mississippi in the 1950s and 60s from the point of view of the courageous women who lived it and emerged as its grassroots leaders. The Good Fight (2009) Director: Jessica Schoenbaechler Distributor: AMS Pictures Runtime: 65 minutes A relentless leader, a dynamic speaker, and a forceful organizer, James Farmer was one of the first civil rights activists to use nonviolent direct action to fight for dignity and justice. Brother Outsider: the Life of Bayard Rustin (2008) Director: Nancy Kates and Bennett Singer Distributor: NeoFlix Runtime: 84 minutes Illuminates the life and work of Bayard Rustin, who has been described as "the unknown hero" of the civil rights movement, was a mentor to Martin Luther King Jr., and the architect of the legendary 1963 March on Washington. A. Philip Randolph: For Jobs & Freedom (1996) Director: Dante James Distributor: California Newsreel Runtime: 86 minutes This film takes viewers on a tour of civil rights and labor history as it chronicles A. Philip Randolph's legendary efforts to build a more equitable society. At the River I Stand (1993) Director: David Appleby, Allison Graham and Steven Ross Distributor: California Newsreel Runtime: 56 minutes This document depicts the Memphis sanitation workers strike of spring 1968 and uses stirring historical footage to show the community mobilizing behind the strikers, organizing mass demonstrations, and an Easter boycott of downtown businesses.

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Freedom Riders Partnering with Public Television Public Television The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is the most prominent program provider of TV, web and education resources to U.S. public television stations, distributing brands such as AMERICAN EXPERIENCE, the PBS NewsHour, Masterpiece, FRONTLINE, Nature and childrens series like Curious George, Arthur and Word Girl. PBS is a member organizationrather than a TV network or cable channelcomposed of 167 licensees which each pay membership and program fees. These station fees (along with federal funds disbursed by CPB) pay for a portion of the cost of programming that is distributed by satellite to member stations, many of which operate multiple channels in their local markets. The size and scale of public television stations vary greatly, but together their digital broadcasts can be viewed by 99 percent of the country's population. Most public television stations produce local TV programs. Some stations also produce programs for national distribution through PBS or through other national distributors such as American Public Television (APT). More than 90 also operate public radio stations. Most public television stations are full-service, meaning they pay the full membership dues required to broadcast all of the programming provided by PBS. There are some stations, which share a market with another station, and thus pay reduced membership dues. In exchange they may only broadcast a limited selection of PBS programs, which they typically air on a delayed basis. In addition to providing some of the nation's most acclaimed news and public affairs, science, nature, cultural, and children's programming, public television stations provide a wide range of community and educational services for children and adults, usually in partnership with educators and civic organizations. Outreach services range from large to small-scale initiatives that accompany national broadcast series, and focus on issues including literacy, history, health and locally based community concerns. PBS and its member stations are leaders online through web-based education services, online lecture series, podcasts, streaming video and download to own programming (pbs.org is one of the leading dot-org sites on the Internet); they are also leaders in education technology, such as closed captioning for hearing impaired viewers, and Descriptive Video Service for blind or visually impaired audiences.

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Tips on Working with Your Public Television Station Getting Started Ask for the outreach or community relations department at your local station and find a liaison that is willing and able to work with your organization. Be specific about your project, timeline and the kind of help or relationship you seek. Look for opportunities to tie into already existing initiatives and events at the station and your organization. Clearly establish the roles and expectations your institution and the station will have in your partnership. What resources will each contribute for impactful outcomes? For planning and resource management, many stations commit far in advance to initiatives and will want to know your project timeline to determine if participation is feasible. Discuss how you will evaluate the success of the project and your partnership. Some Collaboration Options Work with your local station to feature your outreach activity in its various communication outlets (e.g. newsletters/e-newsletters, program guide, member magazine, Web site, Facebook page, etc.) Stations often have limited resources, so providing the necessary promotional language may improve your chances of getting visibility in these outlets. Spread the word online! o Create a link on your site to the local public television station's home page o Provide the station with information about your project to post on its local Web site and/or Facebook page. o Post your event along with cleared series promo (if available) on YouTube. Cross-promote the series and your project. Stations can potentially pitch your project to their local press connections. o Create a joint press release for local distribution about the station's broadcast of the series and your related activities. o Share press contacts for story placements. Create flyers about your project activities to be included in the station's membership mailings, distributed at events, or distributed electronically. Jointly host community events.

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Freedom Riders Authorized Publicity Image and Credit All institutions will receive a CD containing the authorized publicity image, sponsor logos and sample PR materials. Please keep this CD in a safe place. A replacement fee may be charged for institutions requesting additional copies. These images will not be on the exhibition web site. Please use credit line at all times. Publicity Image 1. Burning bus image. Credit: Corbis Logos to Be Included 1. Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History logo in black-and-white 2. AMERICAN EXPERIENCE PBS logo in color 3. National Endowment for the Humanities logo in black-and-white Guidelines for Use of Publicity Images The use of this image is restricted to noncommercial or educational activities and promotion of the Freedom Riders exhibition at the specified institution venue hosting the exhibit. This use should occur only during the time period for which the institution is scheduled to host the exhibit or for advance publicity. Resale or commercial use of any image for profit in another publication, edition, format, or language is prohibited. Image may not be used for publicity for programs involving fundraising. A copy of all publicity materials using this image must be provided to the Gilder Lehrman Institute with the institutions final report for the exhibition. Institutions may not reformat, redesign or otherwise alter the image, nor re-use the image in other products not associated with the exhibit, nor allow others to use it (except for media outlets). The image must be accompanied by the credit provided. In the event of violation of these conditions, the sponsors of Freedom Riders reserve the right to terminate a participating institutions use of the exhibition. Institutions are liable for damages, claims, suits or other legal proceedings arising from or attributed to violation of third party rights resulting from any unauthorized creation, use, display, or modification of advertising or publicity materials relating to the exhibit.

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SAMPLE MEDIA ALERT/CALENDAR LISTING

For Immediate Release (MONTH, DATE, YEAR) At the (NAME OF INSTITUTION)..

Contact:

(Institution Contact) (Telephone, Email)

Freedom Riders, opening at the (NAME OF INSTITUTION) on (DATE) is a national traveling exhibition that tells the powerful, harrowing and inspirational civil rights story of six months in 1961 that changed America forever. It will be on display from [Insert Dates]. Organized by the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History and PBSs flagship history series, AMERICAN EXPERIENCE, this exhibition combines powerful photography and news coverage of the Rides, as well as first-hand audio accounts of this dangerous experiment in the fight for civil rights. A companion to the May 2011 PBS broadcast of the AMERICAN EXPERIENCE film Freedom Riders, the exhibition has been made possible in part by a major grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities. From May until November 1961, more than 400 black and white Americans risked their livesmany endured savage beatings and imprisonmentfor simply traveling together on buses and trains as they journeyed through the Deep South. Deliberately violating Jim Crow laws, the Freedom Riders belief in non-violent activism was sorely tested as mob violence and bitter racism greeted them along the way. Freedom Riders examines the 1961 Freedom Rides from many perspectives-- that of the Riders themselves, the Kennedy administration, and the international community.

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(NAME OF INSTITUTION) is offering programs and other events for the public in connection with the exhibition. Call (TELEPHONE NUMBER) for details, or visit (INSTITUTION WEB SITE).

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SAMPLE NEWS RELEASE

Immediate Release Contact: (Institution Contact) (Telephone) (Email)

[Name of Institution] TO HOST NATIONAL EXHIBITION ON 1961 FREEDOM RIDERS Exhibition is a companion to the forthcoming AMERICAN EXPERIENCE film Freedom Riders Your City, State (DATE) The (Name of Institution) is pleased to announce that it will host the national traveling exhibition Freedom Riders, which looks at six months in 1961 when more than 400 courageous Americans old and young, black and white, men and women, Northern and Southern risked their lives to challenge segregated facilities in the South. The exhibition, which will be on display from (DATE HERE), is a companion to the May 2011 PBS broadcast of AMERICAN EXPERIENCE film Freedom Riders, directed by Stanley Nelson. The Freedom Riders exhibition combines powerful photography and news coverage of the 1961 Freedom Rides and examines the movement from many perspectives that of the Riders, the Kennedy administration, and the international community. To enhance the experience, visitors can use their cell phones to access

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powerful first-hand audio accounts of this dangerous experiment in the fight for civil rights. The Freedom Riders had a simple but daring plan: to board buses in small interracial groups to test and challenge segregated facilities in the South. The Freedom Riders endured savage beatings, humiliation, and imprisonment, but ultimately, their brave actions and commitment to nonviolence changed American forever. Freedom Riders explores this little-known chapter in civil rights history, and explains how the selfless actions of the Freedom Riders laid the groundwork for some of the most important civil rights legislation in our nations history. The exhibition, created by the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History and PBSs flagship history series, AMERICAN EXPERIENCE, is funded through a major grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities. We are pleased to have been selected as a site for this exhibition, said (Exhibit Coordinator or Director). The 1961 Freedom Rides are an inspiring example of what ordinary individuals can accomplish. The actions and the bravery of the Freedom Riders provide invaluable lessons for our young people today, and for anyone who hopes to make a difference in our community, country, or world. The [Name of Institution] is one of twenty sites nationwide selected to host the Freedom Riders exhibition. The site is sponsoring programs and other events for the public in connection with the exhibition. Contact (Name, telephone number, email) or visit (website) for more information.

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About AMERICAN EXPERIENCE Televisions most-watched history series, AMERICAN EXPERIENCE has been hailed as peerless (Wall Street Journal), the most consistently enriching program on television (Chicago Tribune), and a beacon of intelligence and purpose (Houston Chronicle). On air and online, the series brings to life the incredible characters and epic stories that have shaped Americas past and present. Acclaimed by viewers and critics alike, AMERICAN EXPERIENCE documentaries have been honored with every major broadcast award, including twenty-four Emmy Awards, four duPont-Columbia Awards, and fourteen George Foster Peabody Awards, one most recently for Two Days in October. About the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History Founded in 1994, the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History is a nonprofit organization improving and enriching American history education through a wide range of programs and resources for students, teachers, scholars, and history enthusiasts throughout the nation. Gilder Lehrman creates and works closely with history-focused schools; organizes summer seminars and development programs for teachers; produces print and digital publications and traveling exhibitions; hosts lectures by eminent historians; administers a History Teacher of the Year Award in every state and U.S. territory; and offers national book prizes and fellowships for scholars to work in the Gilder Lehrman Collection as well as other renowned archives. Gilder Lehrman hosts www.gilderlehrman.org, serving as the gateway to American history online and featuring the quarterly online journal History Now, designed specifically for K-12 teachers and students.

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About the National Endowment for the Humanities Created in 1965 as an independent federal agency, the National Endowment for the Humanities supports learning in history, literature, philosophy, and other areas of the humanities. NEH grants enrich classroom learning, create and preserve knowledge, and bring ideas to life through public television, radio, new technologies, museum exhibitions, and programs in libraries and other community places. Additional information about the National Endowment for the Humanities and its grant programs is available on the Internet at www.neh.gov.

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The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History 19 West 44th Street, Suite 500 New York, NY 10036 www.gilderlehrman.org

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SAMPLE PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENTS :10 A new traveling exhibition at the (NAME OF INSTITUTION) tells the powerful, harrowing and inspirational civil rights story of six months in 1961 that changed America forever. Freedom Riders begins on (DAY, DATE). Call (TELEPHONE NUMBER) or visit (WEB SITE ADDRESS) for details. A new traveling exhibition at the (NAME OF LIBRARY) looks at six months in 1961 when more than 400 courageous Americans old and young, black and white, men and women, Northern and Southern risked their lives to challenge segregated facilities in the South. The Freedom Riders exhibition combines powerful photography and news coverage of the 1961 Freedom Rides and examines the movement from many perspectives that of the Riders, the Kennedy administration, and the international community. To enhance the experience, visitors can use their cell phones to access powerful first-hand audio accounts of this dangerous experiment in the fight for civil rights. Come to (NAME OF LIBRARY), beginning on (DAY, DATE) to explore the exhibition, Freedom Riders, for yourself. Call (TELEPHONE NUMBER) or visit (WEB SITE ADDRESS) for details. The (NAME OF INSTITUTION) invites you to explore a new exhibition that tells the powerful, harrowing and inspirational civil rights story of six months in 1961 that changed America forever. Freedom Riders begins on (DAY, DATE) at the library. The Freedom Riders had a simple but daring plan: to board buses in small interracial groups to test and challenge segregated facilities in the South. The Freedom Riders endured savage beatings, humiliation, and imprisonment, but ultimately, their brave actions and commitment to nonviolence changed American forever. Freedom Riders explores this little-known chapter in civil rights history, and explains how the selfless actions of the Freedom Riders laid the groundwork for some of the most important civil rights legislation in our nations history. The exhibition was developed by the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History in partnership with AMERICAN EXPERIENCE. Major funding for the exhibition is provided by the National Endowment for the Humanities. It will be on display at the (NAME OF INSTITUTION) from (DATE) to (DATE). For more information about the instiutionss programs for the exhibition, call (TELEPHONE NUMBER) or visit (WEB SITE ADDRESS).

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Freedom Riders Promotion Suggestions INTRODUCTION To draw the audience you seek and create awareness about your exhibition-related events, we encourage institutions to plan and implement an effective promotional campaign. The following guidelines are intended to help you launch a successful campaign. Included are general suggestions for promotional activities and sample media materials. Please note: All promotional materials should feature the Freedom Riders credit line acknowledging the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History and the National Endowment for the Humanities. Please use the organizational logos whenever possible. GETTING STARTED To meet media and other deadlines, you will need to start promoting the exhibition and events at least two months in advance. First, you will need to determine your target audience, goals for audience size and the best communication methods for this program. Involving your fellow staff members in program planning can be a great way to start determining these things and foster new ideas and additional support and enthusiasm. Try holding a mini-workshop or brainstorming session for the staff. Additionally, share your program plans with the institution director, board, Friends and other institution support groups and invite their ideas and cooperation. DEFINING YOUR TARGET AUDIENCE Your general promotional materials such as flyers, press releases and advertisements are great vehicles for reaching a general audience of mixed ages and backgrounds. However, there are probably many other groups in your community that will be very interested in the Freedom Riders exhibition. These groups can provide support through passing the information on to members of their organization who may be interested in attending or providing financial and other support. Examples include historical societies, museums, arts and humanities councils, etc. DEVELOPING AN AUDIENCE PROFILE Ask yourself the following questions when you are developing an idea of the audiences you want to reach with Freedom Riders publicity: Where do they work?

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What newspapers do they read? What radio programs do they listen to? What other community activities do they partake in? What social, religious, professional, civic organizations do they belong to? What educational institutions do they or their children attend? What special arrangements do they require? Is a particular time of day best for programs? Need child care? Need signing for deaf/hard of hearing? CHOOSING YOUR COMMUUNICATION METHODS Once youve determined who you would like to participate in your program, you need to focus on how youre going to let them know about the event. Most communication methods fall into these four categories: 1. Public Relations/Publicity NOTE: Several sample and promotional materials have been developed for this exhibition. Feel free to use these materials. Contacting the media and using the Web to publicize your event is key to getting your message out to a mass audience. Here are a few methods you can use to contact your local media and through the Web: Press and Media Send a press release announcing the event to your local newspapers, radio stations and television stations at least two to four weeks before the event. If possible, address press releases to a specific reporter. If that information is not available, address press releases to the News Desk for larger publications or Editor for smaller publications. Also, if any of these publications also have a Calendar of Events section, be sure to send a press release to the contact for this section. Quite often, publications will run an article about an upcoming event and include information about it in their community calendar sections. About a week before your event, follow up the press release by sending a media alert via fax to key contacts. The alert provides specific information about the date, time and location for reporters and photographers who may be interested in attending the event or including the information in an Upcoming Events section. If you find that media professionals are interested in attending the event or in getting more information, you will need to have additional materials in a press kit. The press kit should contain one copy of the press release, media alert, photos and biographies of your speakers and other key participants, and copies of all promotional materials. 59

Since television and radio stations are required to use a percentage of their airtime for non-profit and public announcements, your local stations may be willing to air a free public service announcement (PSA) about your program or event. The Web If your institutions Web site doesnt having a Coming Events section, talk to your Webmaster about creating one. The Web is a key way to provide details to patrons and community members who may have heard about the event, but need details about the date, time, location, topics discussed, etc. Also include links from your site to your partners sites. If you post information about the series on your institutions Web site, be sure to include the Web address on all promotional materials. The Web can also be useful for getting the word out about your event through other organizations Web sites. Your city, community centers, local media outlets and Chamber of Commerce may post information about community events on their Web sites. Additionally, many major cities also have Webbased entertainment and event guides, like citysearch.com, which provide information about events in several cities. 2. Direct Marketing Using the list of community organizations and other groups you identified as your target audience, you can use direct marketing to contact these groups and individual members of these groups. When contacting community and other organizations, use a personalized letter or phone call. You can also use a copy of your program flyer as an informal letter, if needed, but be sure to include a personal note soliciting support. In addition to contacting organizations, you may want to target individuals in your community. If you keep a list of patrons e-mail addresses, sending a mass e-mail message about the upcoming event can be an effective and inexpensive way to get the word out to a number of people. If e-mail addresses are not available, you may want to consider creating a postcard to mail to institution patrons, community members or others. Additionally, you may want to send an e-mail message about the program to community group leaders to post to their electronic discussion groups or forward on to their own address lists. 3. Personal Contact One-on-one personal contact can be one of your most effective ways of communicating with key individuals and groups.

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Create a list of influential individuals in your communitythe mayor, city council members, business leaders, etc.who may be interested in your event. Send them a letter and program flyer about the event and ask to meet with them to discuss further. If a meeting is not possible, mention in your letter that you will call them within a week to follow-up. Even if these individuals cannot participate in the series, letting them know about the program could help the institution in other ways. When contacting community groups, you may want to ask to speak for five to ten minutes at one of their upcoming meetings or events. At the meeting, outline your overall series plan and present convincing reasons why the series may be of interest to them. If speaking at a meeting is not possible, ask the group leaders to pass out flyers or mention the program to their members and staff. 4. Advertising Often the most expensive promotional method, advertising can also be one of the most effective vehicles for promoting your program. Promotional flyers and posters should be simple and include: the basic title or theme for the series, an identifying graphic, times, place, speakers names and brief biographical information, acknowledgement of funders and program partners, and if applicable, your institutions Web address. Paid advertising in local newspapers and on local radio or television stations can be another effective, but costly method. Before considering paid advertising, approach your local newspapers, radio and television stations regarding free public service announcements. If you consider paid advertising, also look to your Friends or other groups to underwrite costs. Developing simple, cost effective bookmarks, buttons or other promotional items is another effective way to promote your event. These promotional items can also double as a freebie for patrons who attend the programs. PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER After reviewing this list, spend a little time thinking about which of these methods will work best for your event, your community and your institution. Consider your budget and time available. Consider your planning teamis this effort a one-man production or committee-based? And, consider past successes and failures by looking at which communication methods youve used to promote past events. For this exhibition, you may want to combine some successful methods youve used before with some new ideas. Also, keep in mind your goal for the size and type of audience you wish to attract.

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Freedom Riders Exhibit Shipping & Receiving Information All shipping costs will be billed to the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History office.
The shipper for Freedom Riders will be Tenure Transport. The exhibition travels in six wheeled, molded, hard plastic containers: each approximately 43 long, 34 high, and 9 wide.

Important: Because there is a limited time available to get the exhibition from one site to
another, institutions should have the exhibition dismantled and ready for pick-up the first business day after the exhibition closes. The closing day in most cases is a Friday. This does not mean the shipper will always pick up the exhibit the first business day, but the exhibit should be ready to go at any time during the week after closing.

HOST INSTITUTIONS ARE REQUESTED TO PROCEED AS FOLLOWS:

1. Tenure Transport will call institutions to arrange convenient delivery and pick-up times. If you have not heard from Tenure Transport by at least forty-eight hours before the exhibit should be delivered, please call Tenure Transport at the following number between 9:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. Eastern Standard Time to confirm delivery arrangements:

Terry Kollar Cell: (714) 797-0903 Fax: (714) 209-0901 E-mail: t.kollar@ca.rr.com
If you have not heard from Tenure Transport by the day the exhibit closes, please call the above to arrange for pick-up. 2. Please arrange for delivery and pick-up during business hours (9-5 your time). Give Tenure the following information: Name and telephone number of a contact person. Address where exhibition should be delivered or picked up and actual place of delivery or pick-up at that address, such as back or front of building, etc. Opening and closing times of building if relevant. Special conditions that apply, e.g., parking restrictions, no loading dock, ramp access, use of back door only, tractor-trailer access, stairs, etc. The Gilder Lehrman Institute contact person for inquiries about Freedom Riders shipping is:

Joanna Byrne Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History 19 West 44th Street, Suite 500 New York, NY 10036 Phone: (646) 366-9666 Fax: (646) 366-9669 E-mail: byrne@gilderlehrman.org

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Damage Report Form Institution: _________________________ Contact: ____________________________ City/State: __________________________ E-mail: _____________________________

1. Please check the condition of all material as you unpack crates. 2. If you observe damage that prevents display of the exhibit and/or requires a panel replacement, immediately call Joanna Byrne at (646) 366-9666. 3. Otherwise, complete this form within 48 hours and fax or e-mail to the address below. We must have a damage report form on file from each institution.
Unit No. Panel No. Needs Repair Needs Replace Damage on arrival Damage at institution

Shipping Cases/Exterior Casescracked / dented __________________________________________________________________ Handlesmissing / damaged ______________________________________________________________ Straps & Clipsmissing / damaged _________________________________________________________ Wheelsattachment / condition ____________________________________________________________ Other (describe) ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ Shipping Cases/Interior Cardboard insertsmissing / damaged ______________________________________________________ Packing traysmissing / damaged __________________________________________________________ Straps & clipsmissing / damaged _________________________________________________________ Other (describe) ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ Metal Frame Units Surfacecut / dented, etc. ________________________________________________________________ Hingesmissing / damaged _______________________________________________________________ Leveling feetmissing / damaged __________________________________________________________ Other (describe) ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ Graphic Panels Surfacecut / dented ____________________________________________________________________ Printdetached from backing _____________________________________________________________ Other (describe) ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ Please fax or e-mail this form within 48 hours of unpacking the exhibit to: Joanna Byrne Phone: (646) 366-9666 Fax: (646) 366-9669 E-mail: byrne@gilderlehrman.org

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Final ReportFreedom Riders Exhibition PLEASE NOTE: This report must be returned to the address below within 30 days of the closing of the exhibition. Reporting is a requirement for all exhibit projects organized by the Gilder Lehrman Institute. Failure to make a timely final report may affect your institutions opportunities to host future exhibits or take part in other Gilder Lehrman Institute projects. Please use extra paper if necessary. 1. INSTITUTION NAME:____________________________________________________________________ 2. CITY/STATE: ________________________ 3. EXHIBITION ATTENDANCE Total # exhibit visitors: __________________ EXHIBITION DATES: ________________________

Actual_______________

Estimate____________________

Total # institution visitors during exhibit: ___________ Actual____________ Estimate_________________ Source of statistics: __________________________________________________________________________ 4. PUBLIC PROGRAMS Please summarize your programming efforts in a few sentences, characterizing your audience and scope of programming.

Individual program descriptions (include Title, Format and Presenter for all programs; use extra paper if necessary). Please provide a grand total for all program attendance at the end of this section. 1) ______________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ Total attendance___________ Adults_________ YA________ Children________ School Groups________ 2) ______________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ Total attendance___________ Adults_________ YA________ Children________ School Groups________ 3) ______________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ Total attendance___________ Adults_________ YA________ Children________ School Groups________ 4) ______________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ Total attendance___________ Adults_________ YA________ Children________ School Groups________ 5) ______________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ Total attendance___________ Adults_________ YA________ Children________ School Groups________ Total number of programs ___________________ Total program attendance ___________________

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Final ReportFreedom Riderspage 2

5. ELEMENTARY AND HIGH SCHOOL INVOLVEMENT Total number of students: Elementary_________________ H.S.___________________ visiting the exhibition Total number of classes using Freedom riders materials in the curriculum: Elementary_____H.S.____________ (Include descriptions of programs for students under No. 4) 6. FUNDING (include sources and actual/in-kind amounts of support for any exhibition-related programs, invitations, printing, events, etc): Source: ___________________________________________________ Source: ___________________________________________________ Source: ___________________________________________________ Amount: ______________________ Amount: ______________________ Amount: ______________________

Total: ________________________________ 7. PUBLICITY If your institution is an academic library, describe how you tried to attract public audiences from outside your customary user group to exhibits and programs, and indicate whether or not you were successful. Public libraries please describe the results of your publicity strategies for the exhibit.

8. PUBLICITY SAMPLES Please attach three copies of all institution-produced publicity pieces, including posters and flyers, all newspaper articles, and other materials such as bibliographies, bookmarks, invitations, etc.; copies of your Freedom Riders Web pages; and captioned photogra phs taken at exhibition programs if you have them.

9. COMMENTS ABOUT THE EXHIBITION Please identify source of comments, e.g., librarian, program participant, presenter or partner organization. Comments are valuable in reports to funders about exhibitions, and we appreciate your gathering them.

Submitted by: _____________________________________ Phone: ___________________________________________

Date: _________________________________ E-mail: _______________________________

Return this form and attachments within 30 days of the closing of the exhibition to:

The Gilder Lehrman Institute Attn: Beth Huffer 19 West 44th Street, Suite 500 New York, NY 10036 Any questions, please call: (646) 366-9666 or e-mail huffer@gilderlehrman.org

NOTE: The Gilder Lehrman Institute sends e-mail acknowledgement of receipt of final reports to the person submitting the report. If you do not receive this e-mail within 10 days of mailing your report, please contact saidenberg@gilderlehrman.org.

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Instructions for setting up the exhibition

*Please see the video instructions of the set up and dismantling of the exhibition, found online at http://vimeo.com/20245443 *If there are any questions about the set up and/or dismantling process, immediately call Beth Huffer, Coordinator of Exhibitions, at (646) 366-9666, ext. 38.

1. Each section of the exhibition is in its own wheeled case. Each case is marked to indentify the section number of the exhibition.

2. To unpack, detach the four

clip and straps from traveling case.

3. Lower case onto its side and remove top.

4. To remove panels, lift case and gently walk them out.

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Look for the label on the top of the frames to identify which panels to lift.

6. Refer to images on back of each panel for further clarification. 5. Slowly raise half of the panels.

7. Be sure that the top half of the section is secured to the bottom section. Note: if panels do not stack evenly, flip down and repeat process.

8. Carefully open panels and walk them out to desired configuration. (A horseshoe shape or a running W)

Instructions for Dismantling and repacking the exhibition: 1. To begin taking down the exhibition, close the panels together like an accordion. 2. Fold the top half of the unit down, making sure the hinges face out. 3. Carefully place the unit horizontally in the case. 4. When repacking, be careful to place the correct section into correct case. 5. Secure the top of the case by clipping the straps together. 6. Return closed case to upright position. Cleaning Instructions: Use a DRY cloth to wipe panels clean. DO NOT USE WATER, glass cleaner or any other cleaning product.

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