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Ch2 Frequency Distributions and Graphs & Ch3 Data Description 1. Type in all the blood types in column C1 of the worksheet. A B B AB O O O B AB B B B O A O A O O O AB AB A O B A a) Make a Categorical Frequency Table b) Construct a Pareto chart c) Construct a pie graph. ***Enter the given data into C1 and name the column Blood Type. a) Making a Categorical Frequency Table Step 1. Select Stat>Tables>Tally Individual Values
Step 2. Double-click C1 in the Variables list Step 3. Check the boxes for the statistics: Counts, Percents, and Cumulative percents. Step 4. Click OK
Math 227 Elementary Statistics-Minitab Handout Ch2 and Ch3 b) Construct a Pareto chart Step 1. Click on Stat > Quality Tools > Pareto Chart
Step 2. Click the option to Chart defects data in, and double click C1 Blood Type Step 3. Click OK
60 40 20 0
10
8 34.8 34.8
7 30.4 65.2
4 17.4 82.6
4 17.4 100.0
AB
Note: The cumulative percent chart will disappear by doing the following: Step 1. Click on Stat > Quality Tools > Pareto Chart >Options Step 2. Click Do not chart cumulative percent option Step 3. Click OK
8 34.8 34.8
7 30.4 65.2
4 17.4 82.6
4 17.4 100.0
Percent
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Math 227 Elementary Statistics-Minitab Handout Ch2 and Ch3 C) Construct a Pie chart Step 1. Click on Graph>Pie Chart.
Step 2. Click on the inside of the Categorical Variables box, double click C1 Blood Type
Step3. Click on Labels> Slice Labels Choose Category name and Percent Check Draw a line from label to slice Click OK. Step 4. Click OK.
A 17.4%
AB 17.4%
B 30.4%
Math 227 Elementary Statistics-Minitab Handout Ch2 and Ch3 2. Graph for Quantitative Data a) Open the worksheet file containing the data from Example 2-2, the high temperature for the 50 states (page 39). b) Construct a histogram which displays 7 classes with the class width 5. Use 99.5 as the first lower class boundary. c) Construct a frequency polygon. d) Construct an ogive.
a)
Open the worksheet file containing the data from Example 2-2, the high temperature for the 50 states (page 39). Step1. Click File> Open Worksheet
c02Chapter 2
S02Section 2
02
Example 2
Math 227 Elementary Statistics-Minitab Handout Ch2 and Ch3 b) Construct a Histogram which displays 7 classes with the class width 5. Use 99.5 as the first lower class boundary. Step 1.Select Graph>Histogram>Simple
Step 3. Click Scale Select the Gridlines tab. Check Y major ticks and X major ticks.
Click OK.
Step 4. Click Labels. Type the title -Record High Temperature Type Your name and Date in the footnotes Click OK.
Math 227 Elementary Statistics-Minitab Handout Ch2 and Ch3 Step 5. Click on Data Options. Click the tab for Group Options. Uncheck both options. Click OK. Step 6. Click OK.
Record High Temperatures
14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
104
112
120 TEMPERATURES
128
136
graph window.
Frequency
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10
99.5
104.5
109.5
124.5
129.5
134.5
Math 227 Elementary Statistics-Minitab Handout Ch2 and Ch3 c) Construct a Frequency Polygon Step 1. Select File>New>Minitab Worksheet. Step 2. Enter the midpoints of each class in C1 and the corresponding frequencies in C2. Use one midpoint higher (i.e. 137) and lower (i.e. 97). They will be needed to anchor the endpoints. Class boundaries 99.5104.5 104.5109.5 109.5114.5 114.5119.5 119.5124.5 124.5129.5 129.5134.5 X(Class Midpoint) Frequency 10 2 107 8 112 18 117 13 122 7 127 1 132 1
Step 5. Click Data View, then the Data Display tab. Check two options: Symbols and Connect line. Click OK.
Math 227 Elementary Statistics-Minitab Handout Ch2 and Ch3 Step 6. Click Scale. Click the tab for Gridlines then check the major ticks for X and Y.
Click the tab for Reference Lines then type 0 for the Y positions. Click OK twice.
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15
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Math 227 Elementary Statistics-Minitab Handout Ch2 and Ch3 d) Construct an Ogive
Step 3. Click Labels. Change the title. Ogive of Record High Temperatures. Step 4. Click OK.
f
50 40 30 20
10 0 100 Your Name Date 105 110 115 X 120 125 130 135 0
20
10 0 99.5 Your Name Date 104.5 109.5 114.5 X 119.5 124.5 129.5 0
9 134.5
3. The maximum numbers of sit-ups completed by the participants in an exercise class after 1 month in the program are recorded: 24 31 54 62 36 28 37 55 18 27 58 32 37 41 55 39 56 42 29 35 a) b) c) d) e) f) Construct a stem and leaf plot. Calculate the sample mean and sample standard deviation. Find the five-number summary. Construct a boxplot Identify any outlier(s) obtained from the boxplot. Use the Interquartile range to determine whether 62 is an outlier or not. Explain.
***Enter the given data and name the column Sit Ups. a) Construct a stem and leaf plot. Step 1. Click on Graph>Stem-and-Leaf.
Step 2. Click on the inside of the Graph variables and double click C1 Sit Ups You have the option of checking Trim outliers if the exercise requires you to do so. Step 3. Click in the Increment text box, and enter 10 (the class width). Step 4. Click OK.
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Math 227 Elementary Statistics-Minitab Handout Ch2 and Ch3 b) Calculate the sample mean and sample standard deviation. Step 1. Click on Stat>Basic Statistics>Display Descriptive Statistics.
Step 2. Click on the Variable box and double click C1 Sit Ups
Step 3. Click Statistics and check option boxes for Mean, Standard deviation, Variance, First quartile, Median, Third quartile, Interquartile range, Minimum, Maximum, and N nonmissing. *Uncheck other options. Click OK Step 4. Click OK.
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Math 227 Elementary Statistics-Minitab Handout Ch2 and Ch3 d) Construct a boxplot Step1. Click on Graph>Boxplot Click OK to select simple box plot.
Step 3. Click on Data View and check Interquartile range box and Outlier symbols in the data display menu. Step 4. Click OK.
Note: The boxplot can be transposed horizontally. Step 1. Double click the horizontal edge of the box frame
Sit Ups
50
40
30
20
Step 2. Check Transpose value and category scales in the Edit Scale. Step 3. Click OK.
Boxplot of Sit Ups
The horizontal
boxplot is displayed.
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30
40 Sit Ups
50
60
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Math 227 Elementary Statistics-Minitab Handout Ch2 and Ch3 e) Identify any outlier(s) obtained from the boxplot. Values beyond the whiskers are outliers and it is indicated by the asterisk symbol (*). According to the boxplot obtained, there is no indication of an outlier.
(Q1 1.5 * IQR, Q3 1.5 * IQR) (29.50 1.5 * 25.25, 54.75 1.5 * 25.25) 8.375, 92.625
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4.
The data shown here represent the number of hours that 12 part-time employees at a toy store worked during the weeks before and after Christmas. Compare two distributions using descriptive statistics and boxplots. Before 38 After 26 16 15 18 12 24 18 12 24 30 32 35 14 32 18 31 16 30 18 24 22 35 12
***Enter the number of hours worked before Christmas in Column 1 and enter the number of hours worked after Christmas in Column 2. Step 1. Select Data>Stack>Columns.
Step 2. Double click each column in Stack the following columns: Check Column of current worksheet and type the name Hours. Type Group in Store subscripts in option. Check Use variable names in subscript column. Click OK.
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Math 227 Elementary Statistics-Minitab Handout Ch2 and Ch3 Step 3. Click on Stat>Basic Statistics>Display Descriptive Statistics.
Step 4. Double click C3 Hours for the Variables and double click C4 Group for By variables.
Step 5. Click Graphs, then check Boxplot of data. Click OK. Step 6. Click OK.
The boxplot shows that the employees worked more hours before Chrsitmas than after Christmas. Also, the range and variability of the distribution of hours are greater before Christmas.
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5.
Following are the weights of 25 soccer players: 144 162 197 173 183 129 209 190 117 160 179 177 154 132 151 159 175 154 148 166 184 157 162 150 136 a) Construct a stem and leaf plot b) Construct a boxplot c) Comment on the shape of the distribution. Should the sample mean or the sample median be used as the center of measurement? d) Calculate the sample mean and median. e) Change the first entry from 144 to 1444. (This type of mistake often occurs when entering data. The outlier of 1444 is a mistake.) Using the modified data set that includes the outlier, calculate the mean and median. f) The mean and median are two common ways to measure the center of a set of data. Which one is more affected by outliers?
***Enter the weights of 25 soccer players in Column 1. a) Construct a stem and leaf plot. Step 1. Click on Graph>Stem-and-Leaf.
Step 2. Click on the inside of the Graph variables and double click C1 Weight You have the option of checking Trim outliers if the exercise requires you to do so. Step 3. Click OK.
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Math 227 Elementary Statistics-Minitab Handout Ch2 and Ch3 b) Construct a boxplot Step1. Click on Graph>Boxplot
Boxplot of Weight
120
130
140
150
180
190
200
210
c) Comment on the shape of the distribution. Should the sample mean or the sample median be used as the center of measurement?
Even though the distribution is slightly skewed, it is still very close to a bell shaped curve.
Since the shape of the distribution is bell shaped, the mean would be more appropriate to use as the center of measurement.
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Math 227 Elementary Statistics-Minitab Handout Ch2 and Ch3 d) Calculate the sample mean and median. Step 1. Click on Stat>Basic Statistics>Display Descriptive Statistics.
Step 3. Click Statistics and check option boxes for Mean and Median. *Uncheck other options. Click OK
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Math 227 Elementary Statistics-Minitab Handout Ch2 and Ch3 e) Change the first entry from 144 to 1444. (This type of mistake often occurs when entering data. The outlier of 414 is a mistake.) Using the modified data set that includes the outlier, calculate the mean and median. ***Change the first entry from 144 to 1444.
f) The mean and median are two common ways to measure the center of a set of data. Which one is more affected by outliers?
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