E TN CBD Aisc Lrfd93 006

COMPUTERS AND STRUCTURES, INC.
, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA DECEMBER 2001
COMPOSITE BEAM DESIGN AISC-LRFD93
Technical Note
Composite Plastic Moment Capacity for Positive Bending
This Technical Note describes how the program calculates the positive bending moment capacity for a composite section assuming a plastic stress distribution.
Overview
Figure 1 illustrates a generic plastic stress distribution for positive bending. Note that the concrete is stressed to 0.85 f'c and the steel is stressed to Fy. The distance yp is measured from the bottom of the beam bottom flange (not cover plate) to the plastic neutral axis (PNA). The distance zp is measured from the top of the concrete slab to the PNA; it can be different on the two sides of the beam as described later. The illustrated plastic stress distribution is the basic distribution of stress used by the program when considering a plastic stress distribution for positive bending. Note that if the metal deck ribs are parallel to the beam, the concrete in the ribs is also considered.
Figure 1:
Generic Plastic Stress Distribution for Positive Bending

0.85fc a zp CConc
CSteel Fy TSteel
Plastic neutral axis (PNA) yp
Fy
Beam Section
Beam Elevation
Plastic Stress Distribution
Technical Note E-CB-AISC-ASD89-001
Page 1 of 30
Composite Beam Design AISC-LRFD93
Figure 2 illustrates how the program idealizes a steel beam for calculating the plastic stress distribution. Two different cases are shown, one for a rolled section and the other for a user-defined section. The idealization for the rolled section considers the fillets whereas the idealization for the user-defined section assumes there are no fillets because none are specified in the section definition. Although not shown in those figures, the deck type and orientation may be different on the left and right sides of the beam as shown in Figure 2 of Technical Note Effective Width of the Concrete Slab Composite Beam Design AISC-LRFD93. For a rolled steel section, the fillets are idealized as a rectangular block of steel. The depth of this rectangular block, kdepth, is: kdepth = k - tf The width of this rectangular block, kwidth, is: kwidth = (As - 2bftf - twh) / 2kdepth The basic steps in computing the positive plastic moment capacity are:
!
Eqn. 1
Eqn. 2
Determine the location of the plastic neutral axis (PNA) using Equations 3a through 10. Calculate the plastic moment capacity of the composite section using Equation 11 together with the appropriate table chosen from Tables 2 through 11 depending on the location of the PNA. Note that for user-defined sections, the terms related to the top and bottom fillets are ignored.
Overview
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tf-top
bf-top tw h
kdepth
kwidth
kdepth
kwidth k
bcp bf-bot
Idealization for Rolled Section
tcp
tf-bot tf-bot d hr tc
bf-top tw h
bcp bf-bot
Idealization for User-Defined Section
Figure 2:
Idealization of a Rolled Section and a User-Defined Section used for Calculating the Plastic Stress Distribution
Overview
tcp
tf-top
hr
tc
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Location of the Plastic Neutral Axis

The program determines the location of the PNA by comparing the maximum possible compressive force that can be developed in the concrete, MPFconc, with the maximum possible tensile force that can be developed in the steel section (including the cover plate, if applicable), MPFsteel. The maximum concrete force, MPFconc, is calculated from Equation 3a if there is no metal deck, or if the metal deck ribs are oriented perpendicular to the beam span. Equation 3b is used if the deck ribs are oriented parallel to the beam span. Note that the maximum concrete force has contributions from the left and right sides of the beam that are treated separately and may be different. MPFconc = bcc [(0.85f'c beff tc)left + (0.85f'c beff tc)right] Eqn. 3a
MPFconc = bcc [(0.85f'c beff t c +
wrhr Sr
) + left
Eqn. 3b
(0.85f'c beff t c +
wrhr Sr
) right
The maximum steel force, MPFsteel, is calculated from Equation 4a if the beam is a rolled section or Equation 4b if it is a user-defined section. MPFsteel = bcs (AsFy + bcp tcp Fycp) MPFsteel = bcs (bf-toptf-topFyf-top + twh + bf-bottf-botFyf-bot + bcp tcp Fycp) Eqn. 4b Eqn. 4a
Note that bcc and bcs are resistance factors defined by CSI, not AISC. They are provided to give you more control over section capacity, if desired or needed. They essentially allow you to have a different resistance factor for steel and concrete. Note the bcc factor is applied to the reinforcing steel in the concrete slab (if this steel is considered). By default, both of those resistance factors are set equal to 1.0.
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When computing the location of the PNA, it important to remember that the concrete is assumed to take no tension. Also, the concrete in the metal deck ribs is only considered effective in compression if the metal deck ribs are oriented parallel to the beam span. The maximum concrete and steel forces are compared to determine whether the PNA is within the concrete slab or the steel section. If MPFconc > MPFsteel, the PNA is within the concrete slab. If MPFsteel > MPFconc, the PNA is within the steel section. If MPFsteel = MPFconc, the PNA is at the top of the steel beam. If the PNA is within the slab, the fact that the concrete slab can be different on each side of the beam complicates locating the PNA. If the PNA is within the steel section, there are several general locations for it. After the general locations have been identified, it is a straightforward process to determine the location of the PNA. The general locations are:
! !
Within the beam top flange. Within the beam top fillet (applies to rolled shapes from the program's section database only). Within the beam web. Within the beam bottom fillet (applies to rolled shapes from the program's section database only). Within the beam bottom flange. Within the cover plate (if one is specified).
! !
! !
Note it is very unlikely that the PNA would be below the beam web but there is nothing in the program to prevent it. This condition would require a very large beam bottom flange and/or cover plate. Each of the PNA locations in the steel section is described following the description of the PNA in the concrete slab.
PNA in the Concrete Slab Above the Steel Beam

The program considers the condition where the slab on the left and right sides of the beam are different. When the program determines that the PNA is above the top of the steel section, that is, when MPFconc > MPFsteel, it puts the following four items in order, from highest elevation to lowest:
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! ! ! ! ! !
Top of concrete slab on the left side of the beam. Top of concrete slab on the right side of the beam. Top of metal on the left side of the beam. Top of metal on the right side of the beam. Bottom of metal on the left side of the beam. Bottom of metal on the right side of the beam.
Next the program sums the compressive forces of those four items, starting with the item at the highest elevation and proceeding downward. As each item is added into the sum, the sum of compressive forces is compared with the maximum tension value, which is the sum of MPFsteel. As soon as the sum of forces exceeds MPFsteel, the program recognizes that the last location considered is below the PNA, and the second to last location considered is above the PNA. Using this information, the program can solve directly for the location of the PNA. Figures 3a and 3b show the internal forces for a rolled steel section and a user-defined steel section, respectively, for the condition where the PNA is in the concrete slab above the metal deck.
zp CC 1 TF T TK T Plastic neutral axis (PNA) yp TWeb
TK B TF B TC P
Beam Section
Figure 3a:
Beam Elevation
Beam Internal Forces
Rolled Steel Section with PNA in Concrete Slab Above Metal Deck, Positive Bending
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zp
CC 1 TF T
Plastic neutral axis (PNA) yp TWeb
TF B TC P
Beam Section
Beam Elevation
Figure 3b: User-Defined Steel Section with PNA in Concrete Slab Above Metal Deck, Positive Bending
Figures 4a and 4b show the internal forces for a rolled steel section and a user-defined steel section, respectively, for the condition where the PNA is within the height, hr, of the metal deck ribs.
zp
CC 1 TF T TK T
TK B TF B TC P
Beam Section
Beam Elevation
Figure 4a: Rolled Steel Section with PNA within Height, hr, of Metal Deck, Positive Bending
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zp
CC 1 TF T
TF B TC P
Beam Section
Beam Elevation
Figure 4b: User-Define Steel Section with PNA within Height, hr, of Metal Deck, Positive Bending
Note that in Figures 3a through 4b the concrete compression forces (CC1 and CC2) may have different magnitudes and locations (elevations) for the left and right sides of the beam.
PNA within the Beam Top Flange

Figures 5a and 5b show the internal forces for a rolled steel section and a user-defined steel section, respectively, for the condition where the PNA is within the beam top flange. The term y2, which is the distance from the top of the steel beam to the PNA, is shown in these figures and is defined by Equation 5.
y2 =
MPFsteel MPFconc 2 bcs b f top Fyf top
Eqn. 5
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CR CC 1 CC 2 CF T TF T TK T zp y2 Plastic neutral axis (PNA) yp TWeb
TK B TF B TC P
Beam Section
Beam Elevation
Note: CR, CC1 and CC2 may have a different magnitude and location on the left and right side of the beam
Figure 5a: Rolled Steel Section with PNA within Beam Top Flange, Positive Bending
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CR CC 1 CC 2 CF T TF T zp y2 Plastic neutral axis (PNA) yp TWeb
TF B TC P
Beam Section
Beam Elevation
Figure 5b: User-Defined Steel Section with PNA within Beam Top Flange, Positive Bending
PNA within the Beam Top Fillet

The PNA lies within the beam top fillet only if the beam section is a rolled section. Figure 6 shows the internal forces for this condition. The term y3, which is the distance from the bottom side of the beam top flange to the PNA, is shown in Figure 6 and is defined by Equation 6.
y3 =
MPFsteel MPFconc 2 bcs b f top t f top Fyf top 2 bcs k width Fyw
Eqn. 6
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CR CC 1 CC 2 CF T CK T TK T zp
y3
TK B TF B TC P
Beam Section
Beam Elevation
Figure 6:
Rolled Steel Section with PNA within Beam Top Fillet, Positive Bending
PNA within the Beam Web

Figures 7a and 7b show the internal forces for a rolled steel section and a user-defined steel section, respectively, for the condition where the PNA is within the beam web. The term y4, which for a rolled steel beam is the distance from the web toe of the top fillet to the PNA, and for a user-defined beam is the distance from the bottom side of the beam top flange to the PNA, is shown in Figures 7a and 7b and is defined by Equation 7.
y4 =
MPFsteel MPFconc 2 bcs b f top t f top Fyf top 2 bcs t w Fyw 2 bcs k width k depth Fyw 2 bcs t w Fyw
Eqn. 7
The last term in Equation 7 only applies to rolled steel beams; it reduces to zero for user-defined beams.
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CR CC 1 CC 2 CF T CK T y4 CWeb Plastic neutral axis (PNA) zp
TWeb
yp
TK B TF B TC P
Beam Section
Beam Elevation
Figure 7a: Rolled Steel Section with PNA within Beam Web, Positive Bending
CR CC 1 CC 2 CF T CWeb y4 Plastic neutral axis (PNA) zp
TWeb
yp
TF B TC P
Beam Section
Beam Elevation
Figure 7b: User-Defined Steel Section with PNA within Beam Web, Positive Bending
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PNA within the Beam Bottom Fillet

The PNA is within the beam bottom fillet only if the beam section is a rolled section. Figure 8 shows the internal forces for this condition. The term y5, which is the distance from the top side of the beam bottom fillet to the PNA, is shown in Figure 8 and is defined by Equation 8.
y5 =
MPFsteel MPFconc 2 bcs b f top t f top Fyf top 2 bcs k width Fyw 2 bcs k width k depth Fyw 2 bcs k width Fyw 2 bcs ht w Fyw 2 bcs k width Fyw
Eqn. 8
Note that it is unlikely that the PNA will be this low. It requires a very large beam bottom flange and/or cover plate.
CR CC 1 CC 2 CF T CK T
zp
CWeb
y5
Plastic neutral axis (PNA)
CK B TK B TF B TC P
Beam Section
yp
Beam Elevation
Figure 8:
Rolled Steel Section with PNA within Beam Bottom Fillet, Positive Bending
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PNA within the Beam Bottom Flange

Figures 9a and 9b show the internal forces for a rolled steel section and a user-defined steel section, respectively, for the condition where the PNA lies within the beam bottom flange. The term y6, which is the distance from the top of the beam bottom flange to the PNA, is shown in Figure 9a and 9b and is defined by Equation 9.
y6 =
MPFsteel MPFconc 2 bcs b f top t f top Fyf top 2 bcs b f -bot Fyf -bot 4 bcs k width k depth Fyw 2 bcs b f -bot Fyf -bot 2 bcs ht w Fyw 2 bcs b f -bot Fyf -bot
Eqn. 9
Note that it is unlikely that the PNA will be this low. It requires a very large beam bottom flange and/or cover plate.
zp
CWeb
CK B CF B TF B TC P
Beam Section
yp
Beam Elevation
Figure 9a:
Rolled Steel Section with PNA within Beam Bottom Flange, Positive Bending
y6
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CR CC 1 CC 2 CF T
zp
CWeb
y6
CF B TF B TC P
Beam Section
yp
Beam Elevation
Figure 9b:
User-Defined Steel Section with PNA within Beam Bottom Flange, Positive Bending
PNA within the Cover Plate

Figures 10a and 10b show the internal forces for a rolled steel section and a user-defined steel section, respectively, for the condition where the PNA lies within the cover plate. The term y7, which is the distance from the top of the cover plate to the PNA, is shown in Figure 10a and 10b and is defined by Equation 10.
y7 =
MPFsteel MPFconc 2 bcs b f top t f top Fyf top 2 bcs b cp Fycp 4 bcs k width k depth Fyw 2 bcs b cp Fycp 2 bcs ht w Fyw 2 bcs b cp Fycp
Eqn. 10
2 bcs b f bot t f bot Fyf bot 2 bcs b cp Fycp
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Note that it is unlikely that the PNA will be this low. It requires an extremely large cover plate. In the event that the PNA were in the cover plate, the distance yp would become negative.
zp
CWeb
CK B CF B CCP TC P
Beam Section
yp
Beam Elevation
Note: CR, CC1 and CC2 may have a different magnitude and location on the left and right side of the beam. Also yp is a negative number in this case.
Figure 10a:
Rolled Steel Section with PNA within Cover Plate, Positive Bending
CR CC 1 CC 2 CF T
zp
y7
CWeb
CF B CCP TC P
Beam Section
yp
Beam Elevation
Note: CR, CC1 and CC2 may have a different magnitude and location on the left and right side of the beam. Also yp is a negative number in this case.
Figure 10b:
User-Defined Steel Section with PNA within Cover Plate, Positive Bending
y7
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Calculating the PNA Location

To calculate the location of the PNA for positive bending, the program starts by comparing the value of MPFconc to that of MPFsteel to determine whether the PNA is in the steel section or in the concrete slab above the steel section. As described in an earlier section of this Technical Note, if MPFconc > MPFsteel, the PNA is within the concrete slab. If MPFsteel > MPFconc, the PNA is within the steel section. If MPFsteel = MPFconc, the PNA is at the top of the steel beam. If the PNA is in the concrete slab above the steel section, the procedure described in the previous subsection of this Technical Note entitled "PNA in the Concrete Slab Above the Steel Beam" is followed. If the PNA is within the steel section, the program assumes that the PNA occurs in the top flange of the beam. The distance y2 is calculated using Equation 5. The calculated distance y2 is then checked to see if it actually is within the beam top flange. If it is, the location of the PNA has been identified. If the calculated distance y2 is not within the beam top flange, the program continues by assuming that the PNA occurs in the beam top fillet. (Note that if the beam is a user-defined beam, there is no top fillet and the program skips directly to assuming that the PNA is in the beam web.) The distance y3 is calculated using Equation 6. The calculated distance y3 is then checked to see if it actually is within the beam top fillet. If it is, the location of the PNA has been identified. If the calculated distance y3 is not within the beam top fillet, the program continues by assuming that the PNA occurs in the beam web. The distance y4 is calculated using Equation 7. The calculated distance y4 is then checked to see if it actually is within the beam web. If it is, the location of the PNA has been identified. In any practical case, the PNA is not expected to be below the beam web. However, in the event the PNA has not yet been located, the program continues down the beam section through the bottom fillet, the bottom flange and finally the cover plate until the location of the PNA has been identified.
Plastic Moment Capacity for Positive Bending

The plastic moment capacity for positive bending in a composite section is calculated from Equation 11:
Page 17 of 30
bcpp M n = bcpp
Piece = 1
12
piece x PNA piece
+
Eqn. 11
bcpp
where: Cpiece
Piece = 1
12
piece x PNA piece
= Compression force in a piece of the composite beam, kips. = Plastic moment capacity for positive bending, kip-in. = Tension force in a piece of the composite beam, kips. = Distance from centroid of tension or compression force in a piece of a composite beam to the PNA, in. = Resistance factor for positive bending when plastic stress distribution is assumed, unitless.
Mn Tpiece xPNA-piece bcpp
In Equation 11, the ten pieces are:

!
Concrete above the metal deck, not including rebar, on the left side of the beam: The concrete can only carry a compression force; tension is not allowed in the concrete. Concrete above the metal deck, not including rebar, on the right side of the beam: The concrete can only carry a compression force; tension is not allowed in the concrete. Concrete within height of metal deck on the left side of the beam: The concrete can only carry a compression force; tension is not allowed in the concrete. Concrete within height of metal deck on the right side of the beam: The concrete can only carry a compression force; tension is not allowed in the concrete.
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Beam top flange: The force in the beam top flange can be tension, compression, or compression in the upper portion of the flange and tension in the lower portion. Beam top fillet: The force in the beam top fillet can be tension, compression, or compression in the upper portion of the fillet and tension in the lower portion. Beam web: The force in the beam web can be tension, compression, or compression in the upper portion of the web and tension in the lower portion. Beam bottom fillet: The force in the beam bottom fillet can be tension, compression, or compression in the upper portion of the fillet and tension in the lower portion. Beam bottom flange: The force in the beam bottom flange can be tension, compression, or compression in the upper portion of the flange and tension in the lower portion. Cover plate: The force in the cover plate can be tension, or compression in the upper portion of the cover plate and tension in the lower portion.
In Equation 11 the values used for Tpiece, Cpiece and xPNA-piece depend on the location of the PNA. The appropriate values for these items are given in Tables 2 through 11. Table 1 serves as a guide to which of those tables to use based on the location of the PNA. Note, because the metal deck and concrete slab can be in different locations relative to the PNA on the two sides of the beam, you may need to use values from two different tables listed in Table 1.
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Table 1:
Table to determine which table to use in conjunction with Equation 11 to determine the plastic moment capacity of composite section for positive bending. Location of PNA Above rebar in concrete above metal deck In concrete within metal deck In beam top flange In beam top fillet In beam web In beam bottom fillet In beam bottom flange In cover plate Table 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Table 2:
When the PNA is above the centroid of the rebar in the concrete above the metal deck, use the equations specified in this table together with Equation 11 to determine the plastic moment capacity of composite section for positive bending. Piece Concrete above metal deck (left) Concrete above metal deck (right) Concrete in metal deck (left) Concrete in metal deck (right) Beam top flange Beam top fillet Beam web Beam bottom fillet Beam bottom flange Cover plate T N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A. 15a 16a 17a 18a 19a 20a xPNA N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A. 23a 24a 25a 26a 27a 28a C 12a 12a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 xPNA 21a 21a N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A.
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Table 3:
When the PNA is in the concrete within the metal deck, use the equations specified in this table together with Equation 11 to determine the plastic moment capacity of composite section for positive bending. Piece Concrete above metal deck (left) Concrete above metal deck (right) Concrete in metal deck (left) Concrete in metal deck (right) Beam top flange Beam top fillet Beam web Beam bottom fillet Beam bottom flange Cover plate T N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A. 15a 16a 17a 18a 19a 20a xPNA N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A. 23a 24a 25a 26a 27a 28a C 12b 12b 14a 14a 0 0 0 0 0 0 xPNA 21b 21b 22a 22a N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A.
Table 4:
When the PNA is in the beam top flange, use the equations specified in this table together with Equation 11 to determine the plastic moment capacity of composite section for positive bending. Piece Concrete above metal deck (left) Concrete above metal deck (right) Concrete in metal deck (left) Concrete in metal deck (left) Beam top flange Beam top fillet Beam web Beam bottom fillet Beam bottom flange Cover plate T N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A. 15b 16a 17a 18a 19a 20a xPNA N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A. 23b 24a 25a 26a 27a 28a C 12b 12b 14b 14b 15c 0 0 0 0 0 xPNA 21b 21b 22b 22b 23c N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A.
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Table 5:
When the PNA is in the beam top fillet, use the equations specified in this table together with Equation 11 to determine the plastic moment capacity of composite section for positive bending. Piece Concrete above metal deck (left) Concrete above metal deck (right) Concrete in metal deck (left) Concrete in metal deck (right) Beam top flange Beam top fillet Beam web Beam bottom fillet Beam bottom flange Cover plate T N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A. 0 16b 17a 18a 19a 20a xPNA N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A. 24b 25a 26a 27a 28a C 12b 12b 14b 14b 15d 16c 0 0 0 0 xPNA 21b 21b 22b 22b 23d 24c N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A.
Table 6:
When the PNA is in the beam web, use the equations specified in this table together with Equation 11 to determine the plastic moment capacity of composite section for positive bending. Piece Concrete above metal deck (left) Concrete above metal deck (right) Concrete in metal deck (left) Concrete in metal deck (right) Beam top flange Beam top fillet Beam web Beam bottom fillet Beam bottom flange Cover plate T N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A. 0 0 17b 18a 19a 20a xPNA N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A. 25b 26a 27a 28a C 12b 12b 14b 14b 15d 16d 17c 0 0 0 xPNA 21b 21b 22b 22b 23d 24d 25c N. A. N. A. N. A.
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Table 7:
When the PNA is in the beam bottom fillet, use the equations specified in this table together with Equation 11 to determine the plastic moment capacity of composite section for positive bending. Piece Concrete above metal deck (left) Concrete above metal deck (right) Concrete in metal deck (left) Concrete in metal deck (right) Beam top flange Beam top fillet Beam web Beam bottom fillet Beam bottom flange Cover plate T N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A. 0 0 0 18b 19a 20a xPNA N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A. 27b 27a 28a C 12b 12b 14b 14b 15d 16d 17d 18c 0 0 xPNA 21b 21b 22b 22b 23d 24d 25d 26c N. A. N. A.
Table 8:
When the PNA is in the beam bottom flange, use the equations specified in this table together with Equation 11 to determine the plastic moment capacity of composite section for positive bending. Piece Concrete above metal deck (left) Concrete above metal deck (right) Concrete in metal deck (left) Concrete in metal deck (right) Beam top flange Beam top fillet Beam web Beam bottom fillet Beam bottom flange Cover plate T N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A. 0 0 0 0 19b 20a xPNA N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A. 27b 28a C 12b 12b 14b 14b 15d 16d 17d 18d 19c 0 xPNA 21b 21b 22b 22b 23d 24d 25d 26d 27c N. A.
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Table 9:
When the PNA is in the cover plate, use the equations specified in this table together with Equation 11 to determine the plastic moment capacity of composite section for positive bending. Piece Concrete above metal deck (left) Concrete above metal deck (right) Concrete in metal deck (left) Concrete in metal deck (right) Beam top flange Beam top fillet Beam web Beam bottom fillet Beam bottom flange Cover plate T N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A. 0 0 0 0 0 20b xPNA N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A. 28b C 12b 12b 14b 14b 15d 16d 17d 18d 19d 20c xPNA 21b 21b 22b 22b 23d 24d 25d 26d 27d 28c
Equations 12a and 12b are used for the compression force in the concrete above the metal deck. Note that these equations are applied to each side of the beam separately. CC1 = 0.85bcc f'c beff zp CC1 = 0.85bcc f'c beff tc Eqn. 12a Eqn. 12b
Note that for partial composite connection Equation 12b is replaced with Equation 3 of Technical Note Partial Composite Connection with a Plastic Stress Distribution Composite Beam Design AISC-LRFD93. Equations 13a and 13b are used for the tension and compression forces in the rebar in the concrete slab above the metal deck. Note that these equations are applied to each side of the beam separately. TR = bcc ArFyr CR = bcc ArFyr Eqn. 13a Eqn. 13b
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Equations 14a and 14b are used for the compression force in the concrete within the metal deck. Note that these equations are applied to each side of the beam separately. Also note that these equations only apply if the span of the metal deck ribs is oriented parallel to the beam span. If the metal deck ribs are oriented perpendicular to the beam span, there is no compression force allowed on the concrete within the metal deck ribs.
C C2 = 0.85 bcc f c' b eff

C C2 = 0.85 bcc f c' b eff
w r (z p t c ) Sr
wrhr Sr
Eqn. 14a
Eqn. 14b
Note that for partial composite connection Equation 14b is replaced with Equation 4 in Technical Note Partial Composite Connection with a Plastic Stress Distribution Composite Beam Design AISC-LRFD93 Equations 15a through 15d are used for the tension and compression forces in the beam top flange. TFT = bcs bf-top tf-top Fyf-top TFT = bcs bf-top (tf-top - y2) Fyf-top CFT = bcs bf-top y2 Fyf-top CFT = bcs bf-top tf-top Fyf-top Eqn. 15a Eqn. 15b Eqn. 15c Eqn. 15d
Equations 16a through 16d are used for the tension and compression forces in the beam top fillet. Note that these equations do not apply to user-defined sections. TKT = bcs kwidth kdepth Fyw TKT = bcs kwidth (kdepth - y3) Fyw CKT = bcs kwidth y3 Fyw CKT = bcs kwidth kdepth Fyw Eqn. 16a Eqn. 16b Eqn. 16c Eqn. 16d
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Equations 17a through 17d are used for the tension and compression forces in the beam web. TWeb = bcs tw h Fyw TWeb = bcs tw (h - y4) Fyw CWeb = bcs tw y4 Fyw CWeb = bcs tw h Fyw Eqn. 17a Eqn. 17b Eqn. 17c Eqn. 17d
Equations 18a through 18d are used for the tension and compression forces in the beam bottom fillet. Note that these equations do not apply to userdefined sections. TKB = bcs kwidth kdepth Fyw TKB = bcs kwidth (kdepth - y5) Fyw CKB = bcs kwidth y5 Fyw CKB = bcs kwidth kdepth Fyw Eqn. 18a Eqn. 18b Eqn. 18c Eqn. 18d
Equations 19a through 19d are used for the tension and compression forces in the beam bottom flange. TFB = bcs bf-bot tf-bot Fyf-bot TFB = bcs bf-bot (tf-bot - y6) Fyf-bot CFB = bcs bf-bot y6 Fyf-bot CFB = bcs bf-bot tf-bot Fyf-bot Eqn. 19a Eqn. 19b Eqn. 19c Eqn. 19d
Equations 20a through 20c are used for the tension and compression forces in the cover plate. TCP = bcs bcp tcp Fycp TCP = bcs bcp (tcp - y7) Fycp CCP = bcs bcp y7 Fycp Eqn. 20a Eqn. 20b Eqn. 20c
Page 26 of 30
Equations 21a and 21b are used for the distance from the center of the force in the concrete above the metal deck to the PNA. Note that these equations are applied to each side of the beam separately. xPNA =
zp 2 tc 2
Eqn. 21a
xPNA = z p
Eqn. 21b
Note that for partial composite connection Equation 21b is replaced with Equation 5 of Technical Note Partial Composite Connection with a Plastic Stress Distribution Composite Beam Design AISC-LRFD93. Equations 22a and 22b are used for the distance from the center of the force in the concrete within the metal deck ribs to the PNA. Note that these equations are applied to each side of the beam separately. xPNA =
zp t c 2 hr 2
Eqn. 22a
xPNA = z p t c
Eqn. 22b
Note that for partial composite connection, Equation 22b is replaced with Equation 6 of Technical Note Partial Composite Connection with a Plastic Stress Distribution Composite Beam Design AISC-LRFD93 Equations 23a through 23d are used for the distance from the center of the force(s) in the beam top flange to the PNA. xPNA = y p d +
t f -top 2
Eqn. 23a
xPNA =
t f -top - y 2 2 y2 2
Eqn. 23b
xPNA =
Eqn. 23c
Page 27 of 30
xPNA = z p t c h r rd
t f top 2
Eqn. 23d
Note the terms zp, tc, hr and rd in Equation 23d must all be for the left side of the beam or all for the right side of the beam. It does not matter which side of the beam is used, but the terms must be consistent. Equations 24a through 24d are used for the distance from the center of the force(s) in the beam top fillet to the PNA. xPNA = y p d + t f top +
k depth 2
Eqn. 24a
xPNA =
k depth - y 3 2 y3 2 k depth 2
Eqn. 24b
xPNA =
Eqn. 24c
xPNA = z p t c h r rd t f top
Eqn. 24d
Note the terms zp, tc, hr and rd in Equation 24d must all be for the left side of the beam or all for the right side of the beam. It does not matter which side of the beam is used, but all of the terms must be consistent. Equations 25a through 25d are used for the distance from the center of the force(s) in the beam web to the PNA. xPNA = y p d + t f top + k depth + xPNA =
h 2
Eqn. 25a
h - y4 2 y4 2 h 2
Eqn. 25b
xPNA =
Eqn. 25c
xPNA = z p t c h r rd t f top k depth
Eqn. 25d
Page 28 of 30
Note the terms zp, tc, hr and rd in Equation 25d must all either be for the left side of the beam or the right side of the beam. It does not matter which side of the beam is used, but all of the terms must be consistent. Equations 26a through 26d are used for the distance from the center of the force(s) in the beam bottom fillet to the PNA. xPNA = y p d + t f top +
3k depth 2
+h
Eqn. 26a
xPNA =
k depth - y 5 2 y5 2 3k depth 2 h
Eqn. 26b
xPNA =
Eqn. 26c
xPNA = z p t c h r rd t f top
Eqn. 26d
Note the terms zp, tc, hr and rd in Equation 26d must all either be for the left side of the beam or the right side of the beam. It does not matter which side of the beam is used, but all of the terms must be consistent. Equations 27a through 27d are used for the distance from the center of the force(s) in the beam bottom flange to the PNA. xPNA = y p d + t f top + 2k depth + h + xPNA =
t f -bot 2
Eqn. 27a
t f -bot - y 6 2 y6 2
Eqn. 27b
xPNA =
Eqn. 27c
x PNA = z p t c h r rd t f top 2k depth h t f -bot 2

Eqn. 27d
Page 29 of 30
Note the terms zp, tc, hr and rd in Equation 27d must all either be for the left side of the beam or the right side of the beam. It does not matter which side of the beam is used, but all of the terms must be consistent. Equations 28a through 28c are used for the distance from the center of the force(s) in the cover plate to the PNA.
x PNA = y p d + t f top + 2k depth + h + t f -bot +

xPNA =
t cp 2
Eqn. 28a
t cp - y 7 2 y7 2
Eqn. 28b
xPNA =
Eqn. 28c
Page 30 of 30

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COMPUTERS AND STRUCTURES, INC.

, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA DECEMBER 2001

COMPOSITE BEAM DESIGN AISC-LRFD93

Generic Plastic Stress Distribution for Positive Bending

Plastic neutral axis (PNA) yp

Plastic Stress Distribution

Technical Note E-CB-AISC-ASD89-001

Composite Beam Design AISC-LRFD93

Composite Plastic Moment Capacity for Positive Bending

Composite Beam Design AISC-LRFD93

Composite Plastic Moment Capacity for Positive Bending

Idealization for Rolled Section

Idealization for User-Defined Section

Composite Beam Design AISC-LRFD93

Composite Plastic Moment Capacity for Positive Bending

Location of the Plastic Neutral Axis

MPFconc = bcc [(0.85f'c beff t c +

Location of the Plastic Neutral Axis

Composite Beam Design AISC-LRFD93

Composite Plastic Moment Capacity for Positive Bending

PNA in the Concrete Slab Above the Steel Beam

Location of the Plastic Neutral Axis

Composite Beam Design AISC-LRFD93

Composite Plastic Moment Capacity for Positive Bending

Beam Internal Forces

Location of the Plastic Neutral Axis

Composite Beam Design AISC-LRFD93

Composite Plastic Moment Capacity for Positive Bending

Plastic neutral axis (PNA) yp TWeb

Beam Internal Forces

Plastic neutral axis (PNA) yp TWeb

Beam Internal Forces

Location of the Plastic Neutral Axis

Composite Beam Design AISC-LRFD93

Composite Plastic Moment Capacity for Positive Bending

Plastic neutral axis (PNA) yp TWeb

Beam Internal Forces

PNA within the Beam Top Flange

MPFsteel MPFconc 2 bcs b f top Fyf top

Location of the Plastic Neutral Axis

Composite Beam Design AISC-LRFD93

Composite Plastic Moment Capacity for Positive Bending

CR CC 1 CC 2 CF T TF T TK T zp y2 Plastic neutral axis (PNA) yp TWeb

Beam Internal Forces

Location of the Plastic Neutral Axis

Composite Beam Design AISC-LRFD93

Composite Plastic Moment Capacity for Positive Bending

CR CC 1 CC 2 CF T TF T zp y2 Plastic neutral axis (PNA) yp TWeb

Beam Internal Forces

PNA within the Beam Top Fillet

Location of the Plastic Neutral Axis

Composite Beam Design AISC-LRFD93

Composite Plastic Moment Capacity for Positive Bending

Plastic neutral axis (PNA) yp TWeb

Beam Internal Forces

PNA within the Beam Web

Location of the Plastic Neutral Axis

Composite Beam Design AISC-LRFD93

Composite Plastic Moment Capacity for Positive Bending

CR CC 1 CC 2 CF T CK T y4 CWeb Plastic neutral axis (PNA) zp

Beam Internal Forces

CR CC 1 CC 2 CF T CWeb y4 Plastic neutral axis (PNA) zp

Beam Internal Forces