We say that Distance is a scalar Displacement is a vector Do the following physical quantities have any direction associated with

them?

( This equation is for instantaneous speed (actual speed). <v> is the average speed. 1 km = 1000 m and 1 hour = 60 60 s (= 3600 s) Thus, 1 km/h = 1000/3600 m/s 1 km/h = 5/18 m/s 1 m/s = 18/5 km/h Example: A car covers a distance of 15 km in 30 minutes. Q. What is the car s average speed? Q. Does the above answer tell us anything about the maximum or minimum speed of the car? Q. The above answer seems slow for a car explain why it is probably correct. (Highlight comment Wangks 17/12/2011 3:57:23 PM blank) April 2000 Motion - 3 Physics@Xinmin

Questions: 1. An aeroplane travelling at a constant speed covers a distance of 2750 km in a period of 2 hours 30 minutes. What is the speed of the aeroplane? 2. You run a race in 25 seconds. If your average speed for the race was 8 m/s, w hat distance was the race? 3. A man walks a distance of 2 km in 40 minutes. Calculate his average speed in i) km/h ii) m/s 4. Convert the following speeds between m/s and km/h. i) 10 m/s ii) 80 km/h (the speed limit on the Singapore expressways.) 5. You walk a distance of 2 km at an average speed of 6 km/h. You then run for a further 10 minutes with an average speed of 12 km/h. What is your average velocity for the whole journey? (Highlight comment Wangks 17/12/2011 3:57:18 PM blank) April 2000 Motion - 4 Physics@Xinmin

Velocity Velocity is a vector form of speed. Definition: Equation: Write in words the equation for a) velocity b) Average velocity Example: A car drives 20 km in an eastward direction and then 15 km in a westward directi on. It takes 20 minutes to complete its journey. Calculate a) average speed for the journey b) the average velocity for the journey (Highlight comment Wangks 17/12/2011 3:57:12 PM blank) April 2000 Motion - 5 Physics@Xinmin

3. Displacement-Time Graph A graph can be a very useful way to show information about how an object moves. One type of graph we can use is the Displacement-Time Graph. Image a ball being rolled along the ground, the positions of the ball are shown after equal time intervals. We can measure the distance of the balls from the start point and plot this info rmation on a graph. TIME (S) DISPLACEMENT (CM) 1 2 3 4 5 Use a suitable scale to copy the information onto the displacement-time graph be low. Displacement ( cm) Time (s) You should now have a straight-line graph.

Q. Drop a small object and a large object together. Which one will reach the floor the fastest? Q. What does this tell us about how objects fall? A feather and a hammer falling together will follow the same pattern. Both fall at the same rate. (Highlight comment Wangks 17/12/2011 3:55:56 PM blank) April 2000 Motion - 17 Physics@Xinmin

Use the information on the previous diagram to complete the following v-t graph for an object in free-fall near to the Earth. Velocity ( m 40 30 20 10 0 01234 Time(s) Q1. What does the shape of your graph tell you about the motion of the objects? Q2. In what ways, if any, would the same experiment be different if it had been carried out on the surface of the moon? Q3. What is the true value for the acceleration due to gravity near Earth? Problem with this theory: Q. But what if you had dropped a feather would it really fall at the same rate as a coin? A. Probably not. Why does the paper behave like this and why does a feather fall at the same rate as a coin in a vacuum? (Highlight comment Wangks 17/12/2011 3:55:48 PM blank) April 2000 Motion - 18 Physics@Xinmin

Air-Resistance Air resistance is the answer Walking through water is hard because it offers resistance to our motion. Air behaves in a similar manner to water and produces air resistance. This can b e felt when running very fast, when putting a hand through an open car window or in the form of wind blowing onto us. Air resistance depends on several factors: 1. 2. 3. 4. Terminal Velocity The following v-t graph shows the motion of a falling object. Describe how it moves from the start of its fall: (Highlight comment Wangks 17/12/2011 3:55:10 PM blank) April 2000 Motion - 19 Physics@Xinmin

Example 1: The following v-t graph shows the motion of a man as he parachutes out of an aeroplane. Q1. At which point on the graph does his parachute open? Q2. What is his terminal velocity without a parachute? Q3. What is his terminal velocity with a parachute? Draw the velocity-time graph for a stone thrown vertically into the air with a v elocity Q4. A heavier man also parachutes. Will his terminal velocity be identical to the lighter man? Explain. Example 2: of 20 m/s. Assume that the acceleration due to gravity is 10 m/s. 20 10 0 -10 -20 0 1 2 3 4 Time(s) Velocity ( m

(Highlight comment Wangks 17/12/2011 3:53:51 PM blank) (Highlight comment Wangks 17/12/2011 3:55:29 PM blank) April 2000 Motion - 20 Physics@Xinmin (Highlight comment Wangks 17/12/2011 3:53:31 PM blank)