The Pocket Guide

To Stainless Steel

Stainless Steel
Users Guide

Branch Details

Steel and Tube Stainless is one of New Zealands leading suppliers of industrial
stainless steel, architectural stainless steel and stainless steel fasteners.
We hope youll find this Steel & Tube Stainless pocket guide a useful
reference tool for checking stainless steel data. Should you need more
detailed information or a copy of our complete product and services
catalogue please call 0508 782 465 and talk to one of our fully trained
customer services team.
AUCKLAND

NELSON

8 WESTFIELD PLACE
MT. WELLINGTON,
PO BOX 22-023, OTAHUHU
AUCKLAND
FREE PH: 0508 372 293
PH: 09 573 2400
FAX: 09 573 2422
E: aksales@ststainless.co.nz

2/74 QUARANTINE ROAD

TAHUNANUI,
PO BOX 2037, STOKE
NELSON
PH: 03 547 4444
FAX: 03 547 3334
E: nlsales@ststainless.co.nz

NEW PLYMOUTH
CHRISTCHURCH
8 CABLE STREET
SOCKBURN,
PO BOX 16-413, HORNBY
CHRISTCHURCH
FREE PH: 0508 731 173
PH: 03 343 0606
FAX: 03 343 0605
E: chsales@ststainless.co.nz

HAMILTON
32 MAUI STREET
PUKETE INDUSTRIAL ESTATE,
PO BOX 20-468, TE RAPA
HAMILTON
FREE PH: 0508 478 575
PH: 07 849 5220
FAX: 07 849 5991
E: hnsales@ststainless.co.nz

INVERCARGILL
20A BOND STREET
PO BOX 1165,
INVERCARGILL
PH: 03 214 3666
FAX: 03 214 3660
E: insales@ststainless.co.nz

If its stainless we stock it

40 CORBETT ROAD
BELL BLOCK,
PO BOX 7028,
NEW PLYMOUTH
PH: 06 755 9993
FAX: 06 755 9998
E: npsales@ststainless.co.nz

PALMERSTON NORTH
84 ARMSTRONG STREET
PO BOX 4022,
PALMERSTON NORTH
FREE PH: 0508 736 969
PH: 06 355 2333
FAX: 06 355 2223
E: pnsales@ststainless.co.nz

Contents

What is Stainless Steel.................................................................................. 2

Types Most Commonly Used ......................................................................... 4
Finish Description Sheet and Plate ................................................................ 6
Properties General Information................................................................... 7
Weights Sheet and Plate ............................................................................ 8
Weights Metric Bars, Round, Square .......................................................... 9
Weights Imperial Bars, Round, Square ..................................................... 10
Weights Flat Bars, Equal Angles ............................................................... 11
Tolerances Sheet and Strip ...................................................................... 12
Link Chain Load Factor ............................................................................ 12
Tolerances Round, Flat Bar and Angle ...................................................... 13
Schedule Pipe Data..................................................................................... 14
Tube Specifications ASTM ........................................................................ 15
Tube Conditions and Finishes ...................................................................... 16
Tube Bursting Pressures .......................................................................... 17
Fastenings Strength Factor ...................................................................... 18
Screw Thread Pitches ................................................................................. 19
Bolts Hexagon Dimensions ................................................................... 20
Nuts Hexagon Dimensions .................................................................... 21
Bolts and Screws Comparison Chart ........................................................... 22
Comparison of Thread Sizes........................................................................ 23
Typical Physical Properties- Annealed Condition.......................................... 24
Chemical Composition and Mechanical Properties ...................................... 25
Equivalent Foreign Standard Designations................................................... 26
Thermal Expansion ..................................................................................... 27
Flange Tables.............................................................................................. 28
Flange Tables.............................................................................................. 29
Micron Tables S/S Woven Wire Mesh ........................................................... 30
British Test Sieve Apertures......................................................................... 31
Cleaning Recommended Procedures........................................................ 32
Terms ......................................................................................................... 33

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PAGE 1

EDITION: 1ST August 2007

What Is Stainless Steel?

Stainless steels are alloys containing iron, relatively low carbon,

a minimum 10.5% chromium and up to 30% nickel. However they are
typically 18% chromium and 8% nickel. For increased corrosion resistance
or for manufacturing requirements in specific applications, chromium may
be increased and other elements such as manganese, aluminum, titanium
and/or molybdenum may be added as required.
Stainless steels are sometimes called corrosion-resisting steels since
the terms stainless may suggest non-staining. It does not mean non-staining
in all environments, but less staining and more resistant to corrosive attack
when compared with steels containing less than 10.5% chromium.
What Makes Stainless Steel Resist Corrosion?
Chromium [the key element in stainless steels] in excess of about 10.5%
forms a tenacious, refractory oxide protective film on any exposed layer,
i.e. a corrosion barrier. This relatively impervious film is considered to be selfhealing or self-restoring. It will, if broken, repair itself spontaneously upon
re-exposure to an oxidizing agent such as air or nitric acid.
Resistance to corrosive attack under specific conditions is enhanced by
progressively increasing chromium over 10.5% and/or by the addition of
other elements such as nickel, molybdenum and copper.
Types of Stainless Steel
Stainless steels are grouped according to the metallurgical structure which
forms when they are cooled from high temperatures. Four basic types of
stainless steel recognised are:
Duplex
Austenitic
Ferritic
Martensitic

PAGE 2

Duplex Stainless Steel

Duplex has a structure of approximately equal amounts of ferrite and
austenite. Chromium content varies from 18%-28% and 4.5%-8% nickel,
with most grades also containing Molybdenum.
features:
High resistance to stress corrosion cracking
Increased level of passivity
Good welding and formability
Higher tensile and yield strengths than austenitic and ferritic grades

What Is Stainless Steel? Continued

Austenitic Stainless Steel

[301, 304, 304L, 316, 316L 321, 310];
Basic composition of austenitic stainless steel is 18% chromium and 8%
nickel. Austenitic grades are the most commonly used and accounts for more
than 70% of production with type 304 the most common. The name comes
from their stable metallurgical structure at room temperature, which is a
single phase of austenitic.
Austenitic stainless steels have the following features;
Can be strengthened by cold working [up to 4 times]
Easily welded
High ductility
Good corrosion resistance
Suitable for high temperatures to [e.g. 310 to 1100C]
Suitable for low temperatures [including cryogenic applications]
Is non-magnetic
Ferritic Stainless Steel
[409, 430, 3CR12]
These are nickel free stainless steels. Varying chromium content of 12% to
18%, but a lower carbon content.
They derive their name from the ferritic metallurgical structure which is
stable at room temperature.
When compared with austenitic stainless steels, ferritic stainless steels have
the following features;
Less expensive
Lower corrosion resistance
Can be welded, but requires more care
Easily formed [bent, cut, etc.]
Moderate high temperature [up to 800C for 430]
Slight increases in strength by cold working [up to 50%]
Superior resistance to stress corrosion cracking
Is magnetic
Martensitic Stainless Steel
These stainless steels are alloys of iron, chromium [12 to 18%] and carbon
[up to 1%].

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PAGE 3

These stainless steels can be hardened by heat treatment. This type of

stainless steel is used where high mechanical strength combined with
corrosion resistance is required [e.g. knives].

Types Most Commonly Used

PAGE 4

AUSTENITIC
GRADE

APPLICATION

PROPERTIES

304

Architecture [exterior & interior];

food processing; handling and
serving equipment; saucepans;
hospital equipment; rainwater goods;
household appliances; domestic
sinks and laundry troughs, general
deep drawing applications; brewing
and dairy equipment; evaporators;
drums; barrels; heat exchangers and
refrigerator parts.

A general purpose austenitic

corrosion resistant steel. Excellent
deep drawing and cold forming
qualities in the annealed condition.
Can be polished to a high finish.
Readily weldable for use in moderate
corrosion resistant applications.
Using appropriate techniques, 304
can be welded in thickness up to
12mm without subsequent heat
treatment unless it is required for
stress purposes.

304L

Chemical plant; food processing

equipment; and for use in coal and
petroleum industry.

An extra-low carbon austenitic

stainless steel, with general
corrosion resistance similar to 304,
but with greater resistance to inter
granular corrosion. Can be welded
in greater thickness than 304, or
heated for appreciable periods
of time above 500C without the
need for subsequent solution heat
treatment. Recommended when
fabricating thickness in excess of
12mm, or where high heat input
methods are used and subsequent
solution heat treatment cannot be
performed.

310

Furnace parts and equipment,

baffles; heat treatment; boxes;
retorts; furnace linings; heat
exchangers.

Austenitic 25/20 chromium nickel

steel offering excellent resistance
to scaling at high temperatures.
Mechanical properties in the higher
temperature ranges are superior to
other standard heat resisting steels.
Can be employed for continuous
service in the temperature range
900/950C to 1100C

Types Most Commonly Used Continued

AUSTENITIC
GRADE

APPLICATION

PROPERTIES

316

Exterior applications subject

to severe industrial or marine
atmospheres; chemical; textile;
photographic and paper making
equipment; wine vats.

More resistant to certain corrosive

conditions than the standard nonmolybdenum bearing austenitic stainless
steel. Suitable where protection is required
from highly corrosive non-oxidising acids.
Is used for plant and equipment in chemical
manufacture. Has moderate deep drawing
and cold forming properties. Able to be
welded in thickness up to 12mm without
subsequent heat treatment for most
applications.

316L

Chemical plant and food processing

equipment.

An extra low carbon modification for 316,

with similar corrosion resistance. Intended
for heavier sheet or plate fabrication where
welding without subsequent heat treatment
is required. Can be welded in heavy sections
without the risk of inter-granular corrosion
[weld decay] in the as-welded condition and
also in the stress relieved condition under
most circumstances. Suitable for polishing
to a bright finish.

FERRITIC
APPLICATION

PROPERTIES

409

Automotive exhaust components.

Ferritic heat resistant chromium steel.

Good workability, formability and moderate
resistance to corrosion.

430

Interior architecture and automotive

trim; domestic appliances;
restaurant equipment; stove and
heater components.

A 17% chromium stainless steel. Good

resistance to normal atmospheric corrosive
conditions. Can be used with various
chemicals, such as nitric acid, caustic soda,
ammonia, detergents and alkalis. Moderate
ductility for forming and drawing operations.
Not as suitable for welding as austenitic
grades, as welds tend to be brittle.
Satisfactory for resistance to scale and
oxidation up to approximately 800C.

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PAGE 5

GRADE

Finish Description For Sheet & Plate

Stainless Steel Strip, Sheet & Plate
A. MILL FINISHES
FINISH
No.

DESCRIPTION

REMARKS

Hot rolled, annealed and pickled.

(HRAP)

Generally used when smoothness

and uniformity of finish are not
important.

2D

Cold-rolled, softened and de scaled.

A uniform, matt finish.

2B

Cold-rolled, softened, de scaled and

lightly rolled on polished rolls.

A smooth finish for general

applications. A brighter finish
than 2D.

BA

Bright Annealed.

A cold-rolled reflective finish

retained through annealing.

B. MECHANICALLY POLISHED FINISHES

PAGE 6

FINISH
No.

DESCRIPTION

REMARKS

Ground.

A uniform finish generally obtained

with 100-180 grit size.

Polished with 120-240 grit.

Brushed.

Has a grained texture, not highly

reflective, which is suitable
for general purposes. Meets
international 3A standard of hygiene.

Polished.
Mirror finished for reflectiveness.

Has a bright reflective finish with

a medium degree of image clarity.

PAGE 7

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Austenitic
Austenitic
Austenitic
Austenitic
Austenitic
Austenitic
Austenitic
Austenitic
Austenitic
Austenitic

Martensitic

Martensitic

Ferritic

Martensitic

302
303
304L
304
310
316L
316
317L
317
321

410

420

430

432

Not Recommended

Good

Good

Good

Not Generally
Recommended

Fair - Welds Brittle

Good

Fair
Excellent
Fair
Fair
Fair
Fair
Fair
Fair
Fair
Fair

MACHINING
PROPERTIES

Poor - Welds Brittle

Good*
Fair*
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Excellent

WELDING
PROPERTIES

Poor

Fair

Poor

Fair

Good
Fair
Excellent
Very Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good

COLD PRESSING
PROPERTIES

* But only recommended for applications involving mildly corroding conditions

** Where heat resistance is the only requirement. Otherwise max. service temperature 400C.
Austenitic stainless steels [300 Series] are generally classed as non-magnetic, though cold working can sometimes induce slight magnetism.
Both martensitic and ferritic types are magnetic.

STRUCTURE

A.I.S.I STAINLESS
GRADE

650C

800C

750C

750C

800C**
800C**
800C**
800C**
1100C
800C**
800C**
800C
800C
800C

MAXIMUM
SERVICE TEMP

Properties - General Information

PAGE 8

Average Weights For Stainless Steel Sheet & Plate

THICKNESS
[mm]

WEIGHT
[kg/m2]

0.45
0.55
0.70
0.90
1.00
1.20
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
16.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
40.00
50.00

3.60
4.40
5.60
7.20
8.00
9.60
12.00
16.00
20.00
24.00
32.00
40.00
48.00
64.00
80.00
96.00
128.00
160.00
200.00
240.00
320.00
400.00

APPROX.
APPROX.
WEIGHT FOR
WEIGHT FOR
1220 x 2440 [kg] 1500 x 3000 [kg]

10.72
13.10
16.67
21.43
23.81
28.57
35.72
47.63
59.54
71.44
95.26
119.07
142.89
190.52
238.14
285.77
381.03
476.29
595.36
714.43
952.58
1190.72

16.20
19.80
25.20
32.40
36.00
43.20
54.00
72.00
90.00
108.00
144.00
180.00
216.00
288.00
360.00
432.00
576.00
720.00
900.00
1080.00
1440.00
1800.00

SIZE [mm]

ROUND

SQUARE

3
4
5
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
220
250
300

0.06
0.10
0.16
0.23
0.40
0.63
0.90
1.23
1.61
2.03
2.51
3.04
3.62
3.93
5.65
7.69
10.05
12.72
15.70
19.00
22.61
26.53
30.77
35.33
40.19
50.87
62.80
75.99
90.43
106.13
123.09
141.30
160.77
181.49
203.47
226.71
251.20
303.95
392.50
565.20

0.20
0.29
0.51
0.80
1.15
1.57
2.05
2.59
3.20
3.87
4.61
5.00
7.20
9.80
12.80
16.20
20.00
24.20
28.80
33.80
39.20
45.00
-

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PAGE 9

Average Weights For Stainless Steel Bars - Metric

Average Weights For Steel Bars - Imperial

PAGE 10

In Kilograms per metre

SIZE [IN]

ROUND

SQUARE

1/8
1/5
1/4
1/3
3/8
4/9
1/2
4/7
5/8
3/4
7/8
1
1 1/8
1 1/4
1 3/8
1 1/2
1 5/8
1 3/4
2
2 1/4
2 3/8
2 1/2
2 3/4
3
3 1/4
3 1/2
3 3/4
4
4 1/2
5
5 1/2
6
6 1/2
7
8
9
10
12

0.06
0.14
0.25
0.40
0.57
0.78
1.01
1.28
1.58
2.28
3.10
4.05
5.13
6.33
7.66
9.12
10.70
12.41
16.21
20.51
22.85
25.32
30.64
36.46
42.80
49.63
56.98
64.83
82.04
101.29
122.56
145.86
171.18
198.53
259.30
328.18
405.16
583.43

0.08
0.18
0.32
0.50
0.73
0.99
1.29
1.63
2.02
2.90
3.95
5.16
6.30
8.06
9.76
11.61
13.63
15.81
20.65
26.13
29.11
32.26
39.03
46.45
-

Average Weights For Stainless Steel Flat Bars

In Kilograms per metre

SIZE [mm]

KGS / M

SIZE [mm]

KGS / M

13 x 3
20 x 3
25 x 3
38 x 3
40 x 3
50 x 3
20 x 5
25 x 5
30 x 5
32 x 5
38 x 5
40 x 5
50 x 5
75 x 5
100 x 5
20 x 6
25 x 6
30 x 6
40 x 6
50 x 6
65 x 6
75 x 6
100 x 6
150 x 6

0.31
0.48
0.60
0.91
0.96
1.20
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.28
1.52
1.60
2.00
3.00
4.00
0.96
1.20
1.44
1.92
2.40
3.12
3.60
4.80
7.20

50 x 9
25 x 10
30 x 10
40 x 10
50 x 10
65 x 10
75 x 10
100 x 10
150 x 10
25 x 12
40 x 12
50 x 12
65 x 12
75 x 12
100 x 12
150 x 12
50 x 16
75 x 16
50 x 19
100 x 19
100 x 20
50 x 25
75 x 25
100 x 25

3.60
2.00
2.40
3.20
4.00
5.20
6.00
8.00
12.00
2.40
3.84
4.80
6.24
7.20
9.60
14.40
6.40
9.60
7.60
15.20
16.00
10.00
15.00
20.00

SIZE [mm]

KGS / M

SIZE [mm]

KGS / M

20 x 20 x 3
25 x 25 x 3
25 x 25 x 5
30 x 30 x 3
30 x 30 x 5
40 x 40 x 3
40 x 40 x 5
50 x 50 x 3

0.89
1.13
1.80
1.36
2.20
1.85
2.98
2.30

50 x 50 x 5
50 x 50 x 6
65 x 65 x 6
75 x 75 x 6
100 x 100 x 6
75 x 75 x 9
100 x 100 x 10
-

3.80
4.46
5.85
6.88
9.10
10.00
15.00
-

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PAGE 11

AVERAGE WEIGHTS FOR STAINLESS STEEL

EQUAL ANGLE

Tolerance On Thickness Of Cold Rolled Sheet/Strip

SPECIFIED THICKNESS
OVER

UP TO AND
INCLUDING
+ OR -

THICKNESS TOLERANCES FOR WIDTHS OF

UP TO
450mm
+ OR -

450mm
TO 1250mm
+ OR -

OVER
1250mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

0.40
0.80
1.00
1.60
2.00
2.50

0.40
0.80
1.00
1.60
2.00
2.50
3.00

0.025
0.030
0.040
0.050
0.065
0.075
0.075

0.030
0.050
0.070
0.080
0.090
0.110
0.120

0.190
0.200
0.220

[BS 1449 Part 2:1975]

STAINLESS STEEL LINK CHAIN

AISI 316/DIN 763
,

PAGE 12

SIZE

S.W.L

WEIGHT

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

kg

KG / M

1.5
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
8.0
10.0

12
22
26
32
35
42
52
56

4
4
6
8
10
12
16
20

15
26
32
40
45
54
68
76

7
8
12
16
20
24
32
40

20
40
90
170
260
380
670
1040

0.038
0.060
0.150
0.270
0.430
0.630
1.100
1.750

Tolerances On Bars
[in millimetres]
DIAMETER

ISO
h.9

ISO
h.11

0-3
3-6
6 - 10
10 - 18
18 - 30
30 - 50
50 - 80
80 - 120

-0.025
-0.030
-0.036
-0.043
-0.052
-0.074
-0.074
-0.087

-0.060
-0.075
-0.090
-0.110
-0.130
-0.160
-0.190
-0.220

C.F - Cold Formed with smooth satin finish and square edge.
H.R.A.P - Hot Rolled Annealed and Pickled (304 & 316).
S.R.E - Slit Rolled Edge.
C.F and S.R.E carried in thicknesses 3mm, 5mm & 6mm (304 & 316).
All flat bar thicknesses 9mm and over carried in H.R.A.P.
SIZE TOLERANCES ON FLAT BAR
C.F

Width
Thickness

+ or + or -

0.2mm
0.1mm

+ or + or + or + or -

0.75
1.00
1.50
0.50

H.R.A.P

Width

Thickness

10 - 35mm
38 - 75mm
80 - 100mm
5 - 20mm

SIZE TOLERANCES ON EQUAL ANGLE

C.F

Width
Thickness

+ or + or -

0.2mm
0.1mm

+ or + or + or + or -

1.5mm
2.0mm
3.0mm
0.5mm

Thickness

20 - 40mm
50mm
60 - 100mm
5 - 20mm

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PAGE 13

H.R.A.P

Width

PAGE 14

IN

1/8
1/4
3/8
1/2
3/4
1
1 1/4
1 1/2
2
2 1/2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20

Nominal
BORE
mm

6
8
10
15
20
25
32
40
50
65
80
100
125
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500

10.29
13.72
17.15
21.34
26.67
33.40
42.16
48.26
60.33
73.03
88.90
114.30
141.30
168.28
219.08
273.05
323.85
355.60
406.40
457.20
508.00

Nominal
O.D
mm

1.24
1.65
1.65
2.11
2.11
2.77
2.77
2.77
2.77
3.05
3.05
3.05
3.40
3.40
3.76
4.19
4.57
4.78
4.78
4.78
5.54

mm

0.277
0.491
0.631
1.000
1.280
2.090
2.690
3.110
3.930
5.260
6.460
8.370
11.600
13.300
20.000
27.800
36.000
41.400
47.300
53.300
68.600

KG / M

125139
124450
99629
102214
81702
85839
67913
59295
47401
43092
35508
27579
24993
21029
17754
15857
14651
13967
12238
10859
11204

kPa*

WEIGHT PRESSURE

SCHEDULE 10S

WALL

0.365
0.634
0.845
1.270
1.680
2.500
3.390
4.050
5.440
8.640
11.300
16.100
21.800
28.300
42.500
60.300
73.800

KG / M

173575
168576
139446
134275
111350
104628
87218
78945
67224
73084
63776
54468
47918
43782
38610
35163
30337

kPa*

2.41
3.02
3.20
3.73
3.91
4.55
4.85
5.08
5.54
7.01
7.62
8.56
9.52
10.97
12.70
12.70
12.70

mm

0.468
0.797
1.100
1.620
2.190
3.240
4.460
5.410
7.490
11.400
15.300
22.300
30.900
42.600
64.600
81.500
97.400

KG / M

P = 2ST

242523
227871
193053
180987
151684
140825
118934
108937
94975
99284
88646
77452
69678
67418
59974
48102
40557

kPa*

WEIGHT PRESSURE

SCHEDULE 80S
WALL

*Theoretical internal bursting pressure calculated using formula

1.73
2.24
2.31
2.77
2.87
3.38
3.56
3.68
3.91
5.16
5.49
6.02
6.55
7.11
8.18
9.27
9.52

mm

WEIGHT PRESSURE

SCHEDULE 40S
WALL

Stainless Steel Pipe Size Metric Conversion

ASTM - A312 Specification

ASTM Tube Specications

[American Society for Testing & Materials]
SPEC.

DESCRIPTION

A249

Welded austenitic S/S boiler,

superheater, heat exchanger
and condenser tubes.

For superheaters and heat

exchangers.

APPLICATIONS

A268

Seamless and welded ferritic

stainless tubing for general service.

For general corrosion resistance and

high temperature service.

A269

Seamless and welded austenitic

stainless steel tubing for general
service.

For general corrosion resistance and

low or high temperature service.

A270

Seamless and welded austenitic

stainless steel feed water heater
tubes.

For use in food and dairy industry.

A554

Welded stainless steel

mechanical tubing.

For mechanical applications where

appearance, mechanical properties
or corrosion resistance is needed.

A789

Seamless and welded ferritic/

austenitic stainless steel tubing
for general service.

For general service with particular

emphasis on resistance to stress
corrosion cracking.

9688

Welded austenitic stainless steel

feed water heater tubes.

For feed water heater tubes,

including those bent, if specified, into
the form of U-tubes.

FREEPHONE: 0508 782 465

For More Details Visit: www.ststainless.co.nz

PAGE 15

ASTM and ASME tube users may find reference to some of the above
specifications numbers prefixed by an S e.g. SA249.

Stainless Steel Tube Conditions

AW
[As welded]

As welded tube receives no further treatment after forming and welding.

It is used where limited manipulation is to be carried out.
It has a smooth matt finish.

AWA
[As Welded
Annealed]

Bright annealing after welding increases corrosion resistance and

softens the tube for severe manipulations such as bending, expanding
and forming.

CW & CWA
[Cold
Worked]
&[Cold
Worked
Annealed]

For applications requiring a smooth internal surface, high corrosion

resistance and compliance with specifications such as ASTM A249. Tube
is available in cold worked annealed [CWA] condition. In both conditions
the weld area is subject to a mechanical forging process for grain
refinement. CWA tube is then bright annealed, an economical alternative
to fully welded drawn tube.

WD & WDA
[Welded
Drawn] &
[Welded
Drawn
Annealed]

By cold drawing tube in AWA or CWA conditions, fine dimensional

tolerances are achieved, having excellent uniformity of wall thickness
and concentricity, uniform grain structure and hardness. For maximum
corrosion resistance this tube is supplied in the annealed [WDA]
condition.

S
[Seamless]

Cold drawn from seamless hollows annealed and pickled to ASTM A269
specification. Suitable for high pressure lines.

SURFACE FINISHES

PAGE 16

The natural metallic lustre of stainless steel, which remains during its
extremely prolonged lifespan, can be further enhanced by polishing and
buffing. This applies particularly in applications for decorative purposes.
A number of polished finishes are available.
MF
[Mill Finish]

An off-the-mill finish; roll forming marks are retained and an indication of

the weld may be visible.

BP
[Buff Polish]

Bright finishes with varying degrees of lustre. Available in 240, 400

and 600 Grit finish.

PAGE 17

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Pressure shown is in PSI metric conversion

The figures above are based on Barrows formula:

33,600
16,800
11,200
8,400
6,725
5,600
-

58,800
29,400
19,600
14,700
11,750
9,800
8,400
7,350
5,875
4,900
4,200
3,675
2,950
2,450
-

39,000
26,000
19,500
16,600
13,000
11,150
9,750
7,800
6,500
5,575
4,875
3,900
3,250
2,425

.065"
16

24,900
19.952
13,600
14,225
12,450
9,950
8,300
7,125
6,225
4,975
4,150
3,100

.083"
14

Where
P = Bursting pressure in PSI;
D = Outside diameter of tube in inches;
S = Fibre stress in PSI (75,000 PSI was used in the figures above)

42,000
21,000
14,000
10,500
8,400
7,000
6,000
5.250
4,200
3,500
3,000
2,650
-

WALL THICKNESS - INCHES & B.W.G

.028"
.035"
.049"
22
20
18

1lb/in2 = 6.89kPa
P = 2ST
D

26,400
13,200
8,800
6,600
5,300
4,400
-

3.20mm
6.40mm
9.52mm
12.70mm
16.00mm
19.00mm
22.20mm
25.40mm
31.80mm
38.10mm
44.45mm
50.80mm
63.50mm
76.20mm
101.60mm

[1/8"]
[1/4"]
[3/8"]
[1/2"]
[5/8"]
[3/4"]
[7/8"]
[1"]
[1 1/4"]
[1 1/2"]
[1 3/4"]
[2"]
[2 1/2"]
[3"]
[4"]

.022"
24

O.D

20,100
16,075
13,400
11,475
10,050
8,050
6,700
5,025

.134"
10

Theoretical Internal Bursting Pressure For S/S Tubes

Stainless Steel Fasteners

The Strength Factor
The method by which A2 [18/8] and A4 [18.10/Mo] stainless steel fasteners
are made - cold forging and thread rolling greatly increases their strength.
This work hardening makes them so much stronger than similar products
made from mild steel and plated - an important consideration in the selection
of load bearing fasteners.
The International Organisation for Standardisation [ISO] published
in May 1979 a specification [Standard 3506] for stainless steel fasteners.
This defined a four digit product designation:
The first digit indicates the general classification of the steel:
A = austenitic.
The second digit indicates the type of alloying elements:
A2 = austenitic 18/8 type [not free-machining types] [T304]
A4 = austenitic 18/10/3 type [T316]
The third and fourth digits indicate the strength [mechanical property] class
and represent one tenth of the tensile strength expressed in newtons per
millimetre squared [N/mm2]:
50 = lowest strength class which is usually for products of softened
steel and with machined thread
70 = higher strength class resulting from cold forging and thread
rolling
80 = highest strength - attained by mainly cold forged, extruded
thread rolled parts and when specially drawn cold bars are
used. Thus:
A2-70 = austenitic 18/8 class 70 cold forged with minimum
700N/mm2 tensile strength.

Class 80
Class 70
Class 50

TENSILE STRENGTH

YIELD STRENGTH

800MPa min.
700MPa min.
500MPa min.

600 MPa min.

450 MPa min.
210 MPa Min.

PAGE 18

HANDY CONVERSION FIGURES:

Nm
- 1 lb ft multiply by 0.737562
mm2
- in2 multiply by 0.001550
N
- lbf multiply by 0.224809
MPa
- PSI multiply by 145

Screw Thread Pitches

THREADS PER INCH

DIA. IN

DIA.

PITCH

INCHES

BSW

BSF

UNC

UNF

5
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
27
30
33
36
48

0.80
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.00
2.50
2.50
2.50
3.00
3.00
3.50
3.50
4.00
4.00
5.00

3/16
1/4
5/16
3/8
7/16
1/2
9/16
5/8
3/4
7/8
1
1 1/8
1 1/4
1 3/8
1 1/2
1 5/8
1 3/4

24
20
18
16
14
12
12
11
10
9
8
7
7
6
6
5
5

32
26
22
20
18
16
16
14
12
11
10
9
9
8
8
8
7

24
20
18
16
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
7
6
6
6
-

32
28
24
24
20
20
18
18
16
14
12
12
12
12
12
12
-

FREEPHONE: 0508 782 465

For More Details Visit: www.ststainless.co.nz

PAGE 19

METRIC

Stainless Steel Bolts - Dimensions

Hexagon Head Bolts

/^
V

O
2

Metric threads, dimensions [mm] [DIN 931/933]

THREAD
d

M3
M4
M5
M6
M8
M 10
M 12
M 14
M 16
M 20
M 22
M 24
M 27
M 30

Ds

NOM. MAX.NOM. MAX.

3
4
5
6
8
10
12
14
16
20
22
24
27
30

MAX.

NOM.

G
L125mm
NOM. MIN.

6.01
7.66
8.79
10.95
14.26
18.74
20.91
24.49
26.51
33.23
35.72
39.63
45.20
50.85

2.0
2.8
3.5
4.0
5.5
7.0
8.0
8.8
10.0
13.0
14.0
15.0
17.0
18.7

12
14
16
18
22
26
30
34
38
46
50
54
60
66

5.5
7.0
8.0
10.0
13.0
17.0
19.0
22.0
24.0
30.0
32.0
36.0
41.0
46.0

UNC threads, dimensions [mm] [ANSI B18.2]

THREAD
d

PAGE 20

1/4 - 20
5/16 - 18
3/8 - 16
1/2 - 13
5/8 - 11
3/4 - 10
7/8 - 9
1-8

Ds

NOM. MAX.NOM. MAX.

6.35
7.94
9.53
12.70
15.88
19.05
22.23
25.40

11.11
12.70
14.29
19.05
23.81
28.58
33.34
38.10

MAX.

NOM.

G
L152mm
NOM. MIN.

12.4
14.1
16.0
21.3
26.7
31.9
37.2
42.5

4.0
5.2
6.0
7.9
9.9
11.9
13.9
15.5

19
22
25
32
38
44
51
57

Stainless Steel Nuts - Dimensions

Hexagon Nuts
^

P
/

Metric threads, dimensions [mm] [DIN934]

THREAD

NOM. MAX.

MIN.

NOM.

M3
M4
M5
M6
M8
M 10
M 12
M 14
M 16
M 20
M 22
M 24
M 27
M 30

5.5
7
8
10
13
17
19
22
24
30
32
36
41
46

6.01
7.66
8.79
10.95
14.26
18.74
20.91
24.49
26.51
33.23
35.03
39.63
45.2
50.85

2.4
3.2
4.0
5.0
6.5
8.0
10.0
11.0
13.0
16.0
18.0
19.0
22.0
24.0

THREAD

NOM. MAX.

MIN.

NOM.

1/4 - 20
5/16 - 18
3/8 - 16
1/2 - 13
5/8 - 11
3/4 - 10
7/8 - 9
1-8

11.11
12.70
14.29
19.05
23.81
28.58
33.34
38.10

12.4
14.1
16.0
21.3
26.7
31.5
36.8
42.0

5.74
6.93
8.56
11.38
14.20
16.89
19.71
22.53

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PAGE 21

UNC threads, dimensions [mm] [ANSI B18.2]

Bolts & Screws Diameter Comparison Chart

PAGE 22

ISO METRIC

SCREW S/TAP

DIAMETER

COARSE

mm

INCH

UNIFIED

GAUGE

M2.5
M3
M4
M5
M6
M8
M10
M12
M16
M20
M24
-

2.50
3.00
3.18
3.51
3.97
4.00
4.17
4.76
4.83
5.00
5.49
6.00
6.15
6.35
7.94
8.00
9.53
10.00
11.11
12.00
12.70
14.29
15.88
16.00
19.05
20.00
22.23
24.00
25.40

0.0980
0.1181
0.1250
0.1380
0.1562
0.1574
0.1640
0.1875
0.1900
0.1968
0.2160
0.2362
0.2420
0.2500
0.3125
0.3149
0.3750
0.3937
0.4375
0.4724
0.5000
0.5625
0.6250
0.6299
0.7500
0.7874
0.8750
0.9448
1.0000

#3
#5
#6
#8
#10
1/4
5/16
3/8
7/16
1/2
9/16
5/8
3/4
7/8
1

4
5
6
8
10
12
14
-

FREEPHONE: 0508 782 465

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PAGE 23

M1.4
M1.6
M2.0
M2.5
M3
M3.5
M4
M5
M6
M8
M10
M12
M14
M16
M18
M20
M22
M24
M27
M30
M33
M36
M42
M48

SIZE

0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.00
2.50
2.50
2.50
3.00
3.00
3.50
3.50
4.00
4.50
5.00

0.055
0.063
0.079
0.098
0.118
0.138
0.157
0.197
0.236
0.315
0.394
0.472
0.551
0.630
0.708
0.787
0.866
0.945
1.063
1.181
1.299
1.417
1.654
1.890

METRIC
THREAD MAJOR
PITCH DIA. INCH

73.0
64.0
55.0
51.0
36.0
32.0
25.0
20.0
17.0
14.5
12.5
12.5
10.0
10.0
10.0
8.50
8.50
7.30
7.30
6.40
5.60
-

T.P.I

#0
#1
#2
#3
#4
#5
#6
#8
#10
1/4
5/16
3/8
7/16
1/2
9/16
5/8
3/4
7/8
1
1 1/8
1 1/4
1 1/2
1 3/4
2

SIZE

56.0
48.0
40.0
40.0
32.0
32.0
24.0
20.0
18.0
16.0
14.0
13.0
12.0
11.0
10.0
9.0
8.0
7.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.5

80
72
64
56
48
44
40
36
32
28
24
24
20
20
18
18
16
14
12
12
12
12
12
-

UNIFIED
T.P.I
UNC UNF
0.060
0.073
0.086
0.099
0.112
0.125
0.138
0.164
0.190
0.250
0.313
0.375
0.483
0.500
0.562
0.625
0.750
0.875
1.000
1.125
1.250
1.500
1.750
2.000

MAJOR
DIA. INCH
8BA
6BA
1/8
5BA
4BA
5/32
3BA
3/16
2BA
1BA
1/4
OBA
5/16
3/8
7/16
1/2
9/16
5/8
3/4
7/8
1
1 1/8
1 1/4
1 1/2
2

SIZE
40.0
32.0
24.0
20.0
18.0
16.0
14.0
12.0
12.0
11.0
10.0
9.0
8.0
7.0
7.0
6.0
4.5

32
26
22
20
18
16
16
14
12
12
10
9
9
8
7

0.087
0.110
0.125
0.126
0.142
0.156
0.161
0.187
0.185
0.209
0.250
0.236
0.313
0.375
0.438
0.500
0.562
0.625
0.750
0.875
1.000
1.125
1.250
1.500
2.000

BRITISH
T.P.I
MAJOR
BSW BSF DIA. INCH
59.1
47.9
43.1
38.5
34.8
31.3
28.2
25.4
-

T.P.I
BA

Comparison Of Thread Sizes

PAGE 24

S30100
S30400
S30403
S31008
S31600
S31603
S32100
S40900
S41000
S43000

1.4310
1.4301
1.4307
1.4845
1.4401
1.4404
1.4541
1.4512
1.4006
1.4016

EURONORM
GRADE
NO.

7900
7900
7900
7900
8000
8000
7900
7700
7700
7700

200
200
200
200
200
200
200
220
215
220

16.0
16.0
16.0
15.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
10.5
10.5
10.0

17.0
17.0
17.0
16.2
17.0
17.0
17.0
11.5
11.5
10.5

18.0
18.0
18.0
17.2
18.0
18.0
18.0
12.0
30.0
11.0

MEAN CO-EFFICIENT OF
THERMAL
DENSITY ELASTIC
EXPANSION (b)
KG/M3 MODULUS
AT
20-100C 20-300C 20-500C
20C
m/m/C m/m/C m/m/C
Gpa (a)

Notes:
(a) 1 Gpa = 1000 Mpa
(b) m/m/000C = 10-6/C
These properties are approximate and intended for guidance only.

301
304
304L
310
316
316L
321
409
410
430

COMMON
UNS
NAME
NUMBER

15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
25.0
30.0
25.0

THERMAL
CONDUCTIVITY AT
100C W
/ m.k

500
500
500
500
500
500
500
460
460
460

730
730
730
850
750
750
730
600
600
600

SPECIFIC ELECTRICAL
RESISTIVITY
HEAT
AT 20C
0-20C
n m

Typical Physical Properties - Annealed Condition

PAGE 25

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C
Ni

Magnetic. Cannot
be hardened by
heat treatment.

Ferritic

Essentially
non-magnetic
in softened
condition but
show varying
degrees of
magnetism when
cold worked.
Cannot be
hardened by heat
treatment.

Austenitic

Carbon
Nickel

CHARACTERISTICS

CLASSIFICATION

0.07 13.0 19.0

0.06 10.0 18.0

317

321

Chromium
Molybdenum

0.03 12.0 17.0

316L

0.08

0.06 12.0 17.0

316

0.04

0.13 20.0 25.0

310

430

0.03 10.0 18.5

304L

409

0.06

304

9.0

17.0

11.5

18.5

18.0

0.12

9.0

0.08

18.0

Cr

Cr
Mo

3.2

2.2

2.2

Mo

Ti

0.4

0.5

TYPICAL ANALYSIS

9.0

Ni

303

302

STAINLESS
GRADE

Titanium
Sulphur

0.2

310

250

250

310

230

260

310

220

260

260

260

YP

540

450

580

620

560

600

620

560

600

600

600

TS
MPa

Ti
S

30

25

45

45

50

50

45

50

50

50

50

% ON
50mm

ELONGATION

170

140

160

170

145

155

170

145

160

160

160

HB

TYPICAL MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

Chemical Composition & Mechanical Properties

PAGE 26

AFNOR
GRADE

WERKSTOFF
NO.

1.4306
1.4301
1.4833
1.4845
1.4404
1.4435
1.4401
1.4436
1.4438
1.4571
1.4573
1.4541
1.4500

ASTM
AISI GRADE

304L
304
309S
309
310S
310
316L
316
317L
317
321
347

Z2 CN 18-10
Z6 CN 18-09
Z15 CN 24-13
Z12 CN 25-20
Z2 CND 17-12
Z2 CND 17-13
Z6 CND 17-11
Z6 CND 17-12
Z2 CND 19-15
Z6 CHDT 17-12
Z6 CHDT 17-13
Z6 CNT 18-10
Z6 CNNb 18-10

FRANCE

GERMANY

U.S.A

X2CrNi 18 11
X5CrNi 18 10
X16CrNi 23 14
X6CrNi 25 20
X22CrNi 25 20
X2CrNiMo 17 12
X2CrNiMo 17 13
X5CrNiMo 17 12
X5CrNiMo 17 13
X2CrNiMo 18 16
X6CrNiMoTi 17 12
X6CrNiMoTi 17 13
X6CrNiTi 18 11
X6CrNiNb 18 11

UNI
GRADE

ITALY

304S 12
304S 15
309S 24
310S 24
316S 12
316S 16
317S 12
317S 16
320S 17
321S 12
347S 17

BS
DESIGNATION

BRITAIN

14 2352
14 2332
14 2333
14 2361
14 2348
14 2353
14 2347
14 2343
14 2367
14 2366
14 2350
14 2337
14 2338

SIS
GRADE

SWEDEN

SUS 304L
SUS 304
SUS 309S
SUS 309
SUS 310S
SUS 310
SUS 316L
SUS 316
SUS 317L
SUS 317
SUS 321
SUS 347

JIS
GRADE

JAPAN

Equivalent Foreign Standard Designations

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PAGE 27

10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

LENGTH [mtrs]

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

2
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0

3
3
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
0

5
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
0

6
6
5
5
4
3
3
2
1
1

8
7
6
6
5
4
3
2
2
1

10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

EXPANSION [mm]

11
10
9
8
7
6
5
3
2
1

13
12
10
9
8
6
5
4
3
1

15
13
12
10
9
7
6
4
3
1

16
15
13
11
10
8
6
5
3
2

Approximate amount of thermal expansion that occurs in types 316 and 304 stainless steels subjected to temperature changes
in the range 0-100. [GUIDE ONLY]

Thermal Expansion

PAGE 28

ANSI B16.5
BS 4504
BS 10
ANSI B16.5
BS 4504
BS 10
ANSI B16.5
BS 4504
BS 10
ANSI B16.5
BS 4504
BS10
ANSI B16.5
BS4504
BS 10

25mm/1"

65mm/2.5"

50mm/2"

40mm/1.5"

32mm/1.25"

FLANGE
SPECIFICATION

NOM. PIPE
SIZE

CL 150
NP10
TE
CL 150
NP10
TE
CL 150
NP10
TE
CL 150
NP10
TE
CL 150
NP10
TE

PRESSURE
RATING

108
115
114
117
140
120
127
150
133
152
165
152
178
185
165

FLANGE
DIAMETER
mm

11.5
18.0
9.0
13.0
18.0
12.0
14.5
18.0
12.0
16.0
20.0
14.0
17.5
18.0
14.0

4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4

FLANGE
NUMBER OF
THICKNESS
BOLTS
mm

16
14
14
16
18
14
16
18
14
20
18
17
20
18
17

DRILLING

79.4
85.0
82.0
88.9
100.0
87.0
98.4
110.0
98.0
120.6
125.0
114.0
139.7
145.0
127.0

BOLT
PCD

Flange Tables

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PAGE 29

ANSI B16.5
BS 4504
BS 10
ANSI B16.5
BS 4504
BS 10
ANSI B16.5
BS 4504
BS 10
ANSI B16.5
BS 4504
BS10
ANSI B16.5
BS4504
BS 10

80mm/3"

250mm/10"

200mm/8"

150mm/6"

100mm/4"

FLANGE
SPECIFICATION

NOM. PIPE
SIZE

CL 150
NP10
TE
CL 150
NP10
TE
CL 150
NP10
TE
CL 150
NP10
TE
CL 150
NP10
TE

PRESSURE
RATING

191
200
184
229
220
216
279
285
279
343
340
336
406
395
406

FLANGE
DIAMETER

19.5
20.0
14.0
24.0
20.0
17.0
25.5
22.0
17.0
29.0
24.0
19.0
30.5
26.0
22.0

4
8
4
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
12
12
12

FLANGE
NUMBER OF
THICKNESS
BOLTS
mm
mm

20
18
17
20
18
17
23
22
22
23
22
22
26
22
22

DRILLING

152.4
160.0
146.0
190.5
180.0
178.0
241.3
240.0
235.0
298.4
295.0
292.0
361.9
350.0
355.0

BOLT
PCD

Flange Tables Continued

PAGE 30

INCHES

.00003937
.00007874
.00011810
.00015740
.00019680
.00023620
.00027560
.00031490
.00035430

MICRON

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19

MICRON

.000433
.000472
.000512
.000551
.000591
.000630
.000669
.000709
.000748

INCHES

21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29

MICRON

.000827
.000866
.000906
.000945
.000984
.001024
.001063
.001102
.001142

INCHES

40
50
60
70
80
90
100
150
200

MICRON

.001575
.001969
.002362
.002756
.003150
.003543
.003937
.005906
.007874

INCHES

A micron is 1/1000mm [0.00003937"]. To the average naked eye only particle sizes as small as 40 microns [0.0057"]
are visible. When extremely fine woven cloth, covering a range from about 40 to 2 microns [nominal], is woven the number of
holes per square inch may be upward of 1 million.
These fine meshes are used predominantly for filter elements employed in fluid power systems for the purpose of removing
any impurities. Because of its hard working properties and also its corrosion resistance, Stainless Steel Woven Wire is generally
used.

Micron Tables For S/S Woven Wire Mesh

British Test Sieve Apertures

NOMINAL MESH
NUMBER

4
5
6
7
8
10
12
14
16
18
22
25
30
36
44
52
60
72
85
100
120
150
170
200
240
300
350

NOMINAL WIDTH OF APERTURE

mm

MICRONS

4.000
3.250
2.800
2.360
2.000
1.700
1.400
1.180
1.000
0.850
0.710
0.600
0.500
0.435
0.355
0.300
0.250
0.212
0.180
0.150
0.125
0.100
0.090
0.075
0.063
0.053
0.045

4000
3350
2800
2360
2000
1700
1400
1180
1000
850
710
600
500
425
355
300
250
212
180
150
125
100
90
75
63
53
45

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PAGE 31

Excerpts from Standard 410: 1969 Table 3 for Fine Wire Cloth
in Test Sieves.

PAGE 32

Soap.
Liquid detergents.
Powder detergents.
Hose pipe jet.

Domestic cleaning powders. Recommended

stainless steel cleaners such as Autosol.

[a] Organic solvents such as acetone,

methylated spirits, Xylol, Benzene.
[b] Caustic soda or tri sodium phosphate
solution [5 to 10%].

[a] Oxalic acid, sulphamic acid [10%]

[b] Abrasive cleaning paste.
[c] Nitric acid.

Dilute phosphoric acid with detergent.

10 to 15% by volume nitric acid with 1 to 2%

by volume hydrofluoric acid up to 50C for up
to 15 mins.

Citric acid solution.

Tartaric acid solution. Up to 10% W/v hot
versene may be added.

Non-washable deposits.

Oil and greasy deposits.

Rust stains from external sources.

Finger Prints.

Welding scale.
Heat tint.

Water scale - calcium/magnesium salt

deposits.

CLEANING AGENTS

Readily removed stains.

Construction dirt.
Routine cleaning.

CONDITION

Wash with detergent and warm water.

Wipe dry.

As for nitric acid.

Rinse thoroughly and wipe dry.

Avoid scratching. Rinse thoroughly with water

and detergent. Wipe dry.

Final wash with detergent and clean water.

Wipe dry. Care is required with flammable
solvents.

Do not use steel wool. Stainless steel wool may

be used. Rub in straight lines along
the polish pattern. Avoid scratching.

Avoid scratching. Do not use cleaners

containing bleaching agents. Rinse with clean
water to remove residual cleaning compounds.

PRECAUTIONS

Cleaning - Recommended Procedures

Terms

Copyright
This pocket guide and contents are copyright to Steel and Tube Stainless and
permission maybe granted to reproduce the guide only with the prior written
consent of Steel and Tube Stainless.
Exclusions Limitations of Liability
Whilst Steel and Tube Stainless has taken every reasonable precaution in
compiling this pocket guide, the guide is provided on an as is basis.
Steel and Tube Stainless shall not be liable for any representation or
warranty of any kind (express or implied) with respect to products (including
specifications) supplied pursuant to, or the contents of this pocket guide and
any such representations or warranties are disclaimed.
Whilst care has been taken to ensure all information in this pocket guide is
accurate and complete, any typographical, clerical or other error or omission
in this pocket guide, including but not limited to, product information and
product specifications shall be subject to corrections without any liability on
the part of Steel and Tube Stainless.

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