Nutrient Uptake and Partitioning by Dry Beans in Manitoba

John Heard and Bruce Brolley - Manitoba Agriculture, Food and Rural Initiatives
Background
Current interest in determining crop nutrient budgets requires crop advisers to rely on standard book values of nutrient uptake and removal. Usually little information exists on micronutrient uptake. This study was initiated to validate current nutrient values for dry beans grown under Manitoba conditions. John.Heard@gov.mb.ca

Dry matter (DM) and Nutrient Partitioning in the 2005 Crop

Dry Matter Accumulation
2500 2000

Nutrient Uptake and Removal at Harvest

Harvest Biomass of Dry Beans 5000 4000 DM lb/ac 3000 2000 1000 0 2004 2005 Seed Pods Stalks Leaves

Figure 2. Biomass accumulation in 2005. The excess water stressed 2005 bean crop yielded 1250 lb seed/ac (12.5 cwt/ac). Surprisingly a considerable amount of biomass continued to accumulate during seed filling in late August and September.

DM lb/ac

Method
Whole plant sampling of navy white beans from a commercial field was done at several times during the 2005 growing season. Harvest time sampling was done in a commercial field of pinto beans in 2004. Sampling Plants were sampled on a schedule according to 6 critical growth stages in a RCBD sampling pattern with 3 replicates. Above-ground parts were sampled, partitioned, dried, chopped and ground for nutrient analysis by AgVise Labs.

Seed Pod Stem Leaf

1500 1000 500 0 1- 15Jun Jun 29- 13Jun Jul 27Jul 10- 247- 21Aug Aug Sep Sep

Nitrogen Accumulation 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1Jun 1Jul 1Aug 1Sep

Phosphorus Accumulation 20 lb P2O5/ac

lb K2O/ac 50 40 30 20 10 0

Potassium Accumulation

15 10 5 0 1Jun 1Jul 1Aug 1Sep

Figure 1. Dry bean sampling in 2005 a V4, 4-leaf stage on July 5 b R1 stage, flowering on July 15 c R7 stage, August 24 d sampling on August 24 e R8, September 26 at harvest f crop on September 26

Figure 6. Harvest biomass of the 2004 and 2005 crops. The 2004 crop yielded 2300 lb bean seed/ac and pods and stalk were similarly proportioned more than the 1250 lb seed crop in 2005. In general the amount of nutrient taken up was proportional to the biomass produced1. Nutrients are reported in Table 1 relative to the seed yield produced and these values are compared to standard values adapted from the Canadian Fertilizer Institutes Nutrient Uptake and Removal charts for eastern Canada2. Table 1. Nutrient uptake and removal in pounds per cwt of bean yield.
Manitoba observations Nutrient Uptake Removal lbs nutrient/cwt seed N P2O5 K2 O 3.9-4.7 1.4-1.6 3.9-4.1 0.28-0.34 0.6-3.0 0.2-0.5 3.0-3.5 1.1-1.4 1.9-2.1 0.22 0.07-0.37 0.54-0.70 4.2 1.4 1.4 0.28 0.11 0.11 CFI Removal

lb N/ac

1Jun

1Jul

1Aug

1Sep

Figure 3. Macronutrient uptake and partitioning. It was apparent that N,P and K are mobile in the plant and were translocated to the seed during seed filling. Seed harvest removes 75-80% of N and P and 50% of K.
Sulphur Accumulation 5 4 lb Ca/ac lb S/ac 3 2 1 0 1Jun 1Jul 1Aug 1Sep 50 40 Calcium Accumulation

Magnesium Accumulation 10 8 lb Mg/ac 6 4 2 0

30 20 10 0 1Jun 1Jul 1Aug 1Sep

1Jun

1Jul

1Aug

1Sep

S Ca Mg

Figure 4. Secondary nutrient uptake and partitioning. S appears to be translocated in the plant and over half is removed in the seed, whereas Ca and Mg largely remain in vegetative tissue.
Zinc Accumulation
Iron Accumulation 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0

Manganese Accumulation 0.20 lb Mn/ac 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00

f
lb Zn/ac

0.10 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.00 1Jun 1Jul 1Aug 1Sep
lb Fe/ac

Growing season 2004 was very cool with only 79% of normal GDD but 99% of normal precipitation .2005 was 96% of normal GDD but 113% of normal precipitation with heavy June and July rainfall causing excess water stress Harvest results Harvest of the 2004 crop was late but yields were high at 2300 lb seed/ac. Conversely the water stressed 2005 crop yielded only 1250 lb/ac. Results are reported with uptake referring to nutrients contained in the whole plant (stalk, leaves, pod and seed) whereas removal refers to nutrients in the seed only.

Potassium and magnesium removal values were greater in this study than the standard range. Nitrogen and sulphur values were slightly less than the standard. Other major nutrient values (P, Ca) generally fall in or close to the published range. The micronutrient values are not shown here but are available in other reports1.

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Summary
Nutrient uptake and removal values for dry beans grown under 2 different growing conditions were similar when scaled according to yield, and were similar to published guidelines.

Copper Accumulation 0.010 0.008 lb Cu/ac 0.006 0.004 0.002 0.000 1Jun 1Jul 1Aug 1Sep lb B/ac 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.00

Boron Accumulation

Figure 5. Micronutrient uptake and partitioning. Uptake of micronutrients was very low. The higher values for Fe are partially an artifact of soil contamination of tissue.

Acknowledgements
MB Pulse Growers Association University of Manitoba AgVise Laboratories, Northwood, ND Covering New Ground fund

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References
1. Heard, J. 2007. Nutrient uptake and partitioning for dry beans. Manitoba Pulse Growers Assoc. Pulse Beat. Pp. 22-24. . 2. Canadian Fertilizer Institute. 1998. Nutrient Uptake and Removal by Field Crops Eastern Canada 1998.

Zn and Cu appear to translocate from vegetative tissue and most is removed in the seed, whereas Fe, Mn and B largely remain in vegetative structures.